Skip to main content

Full text of "Virgil"

See other formats 


L13RARY 

UKfv-.  ^ii/  Of 


i.fVti'^i 


ttUMMeUcii 


presented  to  the 
UNIVERSITY  LIBRARY 
UNIVERSITY  OF  CALIFORNIA 
SAN  DIEGO 

hy 

DR.-&  MRS.  W  L  GARTH 


THE  U?..V^RS!TY  LIBRARY 
UNIVERSITY  CF  CALIFCRNIA.  SAN  OlEGD^p^ 
LA  JOLLA,  CALIFORNIA  '    ^ 


CENTRAL  UNIVERSITY  LIBRARY 

University  of  California,  San  Diego 

DATE  DUE 

nrj  1  6  1990 

JUL    l^^  ^^^^v 

/  ^  '^ 


THE  LOEB  CLASSICAL  LIBRARY 

EDITED    BY 
T.    E.    PAGE,    LITT.D. 

E.  CAPPS,  PH.D.,  LL.D.     W.  H.  D.  ROUSE,  litt.d. 


VIRGIL 

IN  TWO  VOLUMES 
II 

AENEID    VII-XII 
THE  MINOR  POEMS 


VIRGIL 

WITH  AN  ENGLISH  TRANSLATION  BY 
H.    RUSHTON    FAIRCLOUGH 

PttOFESSOR    OF   LATIN   IN    STANFOED   UNIVEESITT 
CALIFORNIA 

IN   TWO   VOLUMES 

II 
AENEID     VII-XII 
THE  MINOR  POEMS 


LONDON    :  WILLIAM   HEINEMANN 
NEW   YORK    :    G.    P.    PUTNAM'S  SONS 

MCMXXX 


?vi^ 


First  printed  1918 
Reprinted  1922,  1925,  1927,  1929,  1930  {3  times) 


Printed  in  Great  Britain 


TO 
MY  DAUGHTER 


CONTENTS 


PAGB 


THE    AENEID 

BOOK    VII  2 

BOOK    VIII  60 

BOOK    IX  112 

BOOK    X  170 

BOOK    XI  234 

BOOK    XII  298 

THE    MINOR    POEMS 

CULEX  370 

ciRis  404 

coPA  448 

MORETUM  452 

DIRAE  462 

LYDIA  472 

PRIAPEA  480 

CATALEPTON  486 

INDEX  51 1 


THE  AENEID 

BOOKS  VII-XII 


VOL.   IB, 


AENEIS 


LIBER  VII 

Tu  quoque  lifeoiibus  nostris,  Aeiicia  nutrix,  mpb 

aeternam  moriens  famam,  Caieta^  dedisti ; 
et  nunc  servat  honos  sedem  tuus^  ossaque  nomen 
Hesperia  in  niagna^  si  qua  est  ea  gloria,  signat. 

At  pius  exsequiis  Aeneas  rite  solutis,  fmpr 

aggere  composito  tumuli,  postquani  alta  quierunt       6 
aequora,  tendit  iter  velis  portumque  relinquit. 
adspirant  aurae  in  noctem,  nee  Candida  eursus 
Luna  negat,  splendet  tremulo  sub  luniine  pontus. 
proxima  Circaeae  raduntur  litora  terrae,  10 

dives  inaccessos  ubi  Solis  filia  lucos 
adsiduo  resonat  cantu,  tectisque  superbis 
urit  odoratam  nocturna  in  lumina  cedrum, 
arguto  tenuis  percurrens  pectine  telas. 
hinc  exaudiri  gemitus  iraeque  leonum  15 

vincla  recusantum  et  sera  sub  nocte  rudentum, 
saetigerique  sues  atque  in  praesepibus  ursi 
saevire,  ac  formae  magnorum  ululare  luporum, 

'  famam  moriens  P^.  *  signant  MP. 

'  portus  P.  ^  cursum  L'. 

13  nocturno  in  lumine  21.  *^  exaudire  P. 

18  sacva  P, 
2 


THE  AENEID 


BOOK  VII 

Thou,  too,^  Caieta,  nurse  of  Aeneas,  hast  by  tliy  deatli 
given  deathless  fame  to  our  shores ;  and  still  thine 
honour  guards  thy  resting-place,  and  in  great  Hes- 
peria,  if  such  glory  be  aught,  thy  name  marks  thy 
dust. 

^  But  good  Aeneas,  v.'hcn  the  last  rites  were  duly 
paid  and  the  funeral  mound  was  raised,  soon  as  the 
high  seas  were  stilled,  sails  forth  on  his  way  and 
leaves  the  haven.  Breezes  blow  on  into  the  night,  and 
the  Moon,  shining  bright,  forbids  not  the  voyage  ; 
the  sea  glitters  beneath  her  dancing  beams.  Closely 
they  skirt  the  shores  of  Circe's  land,^  where  the  rich 
daughter  of  the  Sun  thrills  her  untrodden  groves 
with  ceaseless  song,  and  in  her  stately  halls  burns 
fragrant  cedar  to  illuminate  the  night,  as  with  shrill 
shuttle  she  sweeps  the  fine-spun  web.  Hence  could 
be  heard  the  angry  growls  of  lions  chafing  at  their 
bonds  and  roaring  in  midnight  hours,  the  raging 
of  bristly  boars  and  encaged  bears,  and  howls  from 
shapes  of  monstrous  wolves ;  whom  with  her  potent 

*  As  well  as  Misenus  (vi.  234)  and  Palinurus  (vi.  381). 
Caieta  gave  her  name  to  Gaeta  and  the  Gulf  of  Gaeta. 

'  Circeii,  a  promontory  of  Latium,  but  once  an  island,  is 
identified  by  Virgil  with  Homer's  island  of  Aeaea,  the  home 
of  Circe. 

S 
B    2 


VIRGIL 

quos  hominum  ex  facie  dca  saeva  potentibus  herbis 

induerat  Circe  in  voltus  ac  terga  feravum.  20 

quae  ne  monstra  pii  paterentur  talia  Troes 

delati  in  portuSj  neu  litora  dira  subirent, 

Neptuniis  ventis  implevit  vela  secundis, 

atque  fugam  dedit,  et  praeter  vada  fervida  vexit. 

lamque  rubescebat  radiis  mare,  et  aethere  ab  alto  25 
Aurora  in  roseis  fulgebat  lutea  bigis  : 
cum  venti  posuere  omnisque  repente  resedit 
flatus,  et  in  lento  luctantur  marmore  tonsae. 
atque  hie  Aeneas  ingentem  ex  aequore  luciim 
prospicit.     liunc  inter  fluvio  Tiberinus  amoeno        30 
verticibus  rapidis  et  multa  flavus  harena 
in  mare  prorumpit.     variae  circumque  supraque 
adsuetae  ripis  volucres  et  fluminis  alveo 
aethera  mulcebant  cantu,  lucoque  volabant. 
flectere  iter  sociis  terraeque  advertere  proras  35 

imperat,  et  laetus  fluvio  succedit  opaco. 

Nunc  age,  qui  reges,  Erato,  quae  tempora  rcrum, 
quis  Latio  antiquo  fuerit  status,  advena  classem 
cum  primum  Ausoniis  exercitus  appulit  oris, 
expediam,  et  primae  revocabo  exordia  pugnae.         40 
tu  vatem,  tu,  diva,  mone.     dicam  horrida  bella, 
dicam  acies  actosque  animis  m  funera  reges, 
Tyrrhcnamque  manum,  totamque  sub  arma  coactam 
Hesjieriam.     maior  rerum  mihi  nascitur  ordo, 
maius  opus  moveo. 

Rex  arva  Latinus  et  urbes  45 

iam  senior  longa  placidas  in  pace  regebat. 
hunc  Fauno  et  Npnpha  genitum  Laurente  Marica 

''  tempora  rerum   as  punctuated  in  M  and  by  Senium 
tempora,  rerum  Peerlkamp. 
4 


AENEID    BOOK    VII 

herbs  Circe,  cruel  goddess,  had  changed  from  the 
Ukeness  of  men,  clothing  them  in  the  features  and 
frames  of  beasts.  But  lest  the  good  Trojans  should 
suffer  sucli  monstrous  fate,  should  enter  the  haven  or 
draw  near  the  cursed  shore,  Neptune  filled  their 
sails  with  favouring  winds,  and  gave  them  escape, 
and  bore  them  past  the  seething  shallows. 

25  And  now  the  sea  was  reddening  with  the  rays 
<jf  dawn,  and  from  high  heaven  saffron-hued  Aurora 
shone  in  roseate  car,  when  the  winds  fell,  and  every 
breath  sank  suddenly,  and  the  oar  blades  strive  amid 
the  sluggish  calm  of  waters.  Then  lo !  i'leneas, 
gazing  forth  from  the  flood,  sees  a  mighty  forest. 
Through  its  midst  the  Tiber,  with  pleasant  stream, 
leaps  forth  to  sea  in  swirling  eddies  and  yellow  with 
plenteous  sand.  Around  and  above,  birds  of  varied 
plumes,  that  haunt  the  banks  and  river-channel, 
charmed  the  sky  with  song,  and  flitted  amid  the 
foi'est.  He  bids  his  comrades  change  their  course 
and  turn  their  prows  to  land,  and  joyfully  enters  the 
shady  river. 

^'^  Awake  now,  Erato !  Who  were  the  kings,  what 
was  the  tide  of  events,  how  stood  ancient  Latium, 
when  first  that  stranger  host  beached  its  barques  on 
Ausonia's  shore — this  will  I  unfold  ;  and  the  prelude 
of  the  opening  strife  will  I  recall.  Thou,  goddess, 
do  thou  prompt  thy  bard !  I  will  tell  of  grim 
wars,  will  tell  of  battle  array,  and  princes  in  their 
valour  rushing  upon  death — of  Tyrrhenian  bands, 
and  all  Hesperia  mustered  in  arms.  Greater  is 
the  story  that  opens  before  me ;  greater  is  the  task 
I  essay. 

*^  King  Latinus,  now  old,  ruled  over  lands  and 
towns  in  the  calm  of  a  long  peace.  He,  we  are  told, 
was  sprung  of  Faunus  and  the   Laurentine  nymph, 

5 


VIRGIL 

accipimus  :  Fauno  Picus  pater,  isque  parentem 
te,  Saturiie,  refert,  tu  sanguinis  ultimus  auctor. 
filius  huic  fato  divum  prolesque  virilis  50 

nulla  fuit,  primaque  oriens  erepta  iuventa  est. 
sola  domum  et  tantas  servabat  filia  sedes, 
iam  matura  virOj  iam  plenis  nubilis  annis. 
multi  illam  magno  e  Latio  totaque  petebant 
Ausonia.     petit  ante  alios  pulcherrimus  omnes        55 
Turnus,  avis  atavisque  potens,  quern  regia  coniunx 
adiungi  generuni  miro  properabat  amore  ; 
sed  variis  portenta  deum  terroribus  obstant. 
laurus  erat  tecti  medio  in  penetralibus  altis,  mpr 

sacra  comam  multosque  metu  servata  per  annos,     60 
quam  pater  inventam,  primas  cum  conderet  arces, 
ipse  ferebatur  Phoebo  sacrasse  Latinus, 
Laurentisque  ab  ea  nomen  posuisse  colonis. 
huius  apes  summum  densae  (mirabile  dictu), 
stridore  ingenti  liquidum  trans  aethera  vectae,        ^5 
obsedere  apicem  et  pedibus  per  mutua  nexis 
examen  subitum  ramo  frondente  pependit. 
continuo  vates  "  externum  cernimus,"  inquit, 
"adventare  virum  et  partis  petere  agmen  easdem 
partibus  ex  isdem  et  summa  dominarier  arce."         70 
praeterea,  castis  adolet  dum  altaria  taedis 
et  iuxta  genitorem  adstat  Lavinia  virgo, 
visa,  nefas,  longis  comprendere  crinibus  ignem, 
atque  omnem  ornatum  flamma  crepitante  cremari, 
regalisque  accensa  comas,  accensa  coronam  75 

insignem  gemmis  ;  turn  fumida  lumine  fulvo 
involvi  ac  totis  Volcanum  spargere  tectis. 
id  vero  horrendum  ac  visu  mirabile  ferri : 
namque  fore  inlustrem  fama  fatisque  canebant 
ipsam,  sed  populo  magnum  portendere  bellum.        80 

*^  in  plenis  P. 

'*  dum]  cum  Noniui. 

6 


AENEID    BOOK    Vll 

Marica.  Faunus'  sire  was  Picus,  and  he  boasts  thee, 
O  Saturn,  as  his  father ;  thou  art  first  founder  of  the 
line.  To  him  by  Heaven's  decree  was  no  son  or 
male  descent,  cut  oft",  as  it  was,  in  the  spring  of  early 
youth.  Alone,  to  preserve  the  house  and  noble  home, 
was  a  daughter,  now  ripe  for  a  husband,  now  of  full 
age  to  be  a  bride.  Many  wooed  her  from  wide 
Latium  and  all  Ausonia,  yet  goodliest  above  all  other 
wooers  was  Turnus,  of  long  and  lofty  ancestrv,  whom 
the  queen-mother  yearned  with  wondrous  passion  to 
unite  to  her  as  son.  But  divine  portents,  with  mani- 
fold alarms,  bar  the  way.  In  the  midst  of  the  palace, 
in  the  high  inner  courts,  stood  a  laurel  of  sacred 
leafage,  preserved  in  awe  through  many  years,  which 
lord  Latinus  himself,  'twas  said,  found  and  dedicated 
to  Phoebus,  when  he  built  his  first  towers;  and  from 
it  he  gave  his  settlers  their  name  Laurentes.  Atop 
of  this  tree,  wondrous  to  tell,  settled  a  dense  swarm 
of  bees,  borne  with  loud  humming  across  the  liquid 
air,  and  with  feet  intertwined  hung  in  sudden  swarm 
from  the  leafy  bough.  Forthwith  the  prophet  cries  : 
"  I  see  a  stranger  draw  near ;  from  the  self-same 
quarter  a  troop  seeks  the  same  quarter,  and  reigns 
in  the  topmost  citadel !  "  Moreover,  while  with  hal- 
lowed torch  he  kindles  the  altars,  and  at  her  father's 
side  stands  the  maiden  Lavinia,  she  was  seen  (O  hor- 
ror !)  to  catch  fire  in  her  long  tresses,  and  burn  with 
crackling  flame  in  all  her  headgear,  her  queenly  hair 
ablaze,  ablaze  her  jewelled  coronal ;  then  wreathed 
in  smoke  and  yellow  glare,  she  scattered  fire  through- 
out the  palace.  That  indeed  was  noised  abroad  as 
an  awful  and  wondrous  vision  ;  for  she,  tliey  foretold, 
would  herself  be  glorious  in  fame  and  fortune,  yet 
to  her  people  she  boded  a  mighty  war. 


VIRGIL 

At  rex  sollicitus  monstris  oracula  Fauni, 
fatidici  genitoris,  adit  lucosque  sub  alta 
consulit  Albunea,  nemorum  quae  maxima  sacro 
fonte  sonat  saevamque  exhalat  opaca  mepliitim, 
hinc  Italae  gentes  omnisque  Oenotria  tell  us  85 

in  dubiis  vesponsa  petunt :  hue  dona  sacerdos 
cum  tulit  et  caesarum  ovium  sub  nocte  silenti 
pellibus  incubuit  stratis  somnosque  petivit^ 
multa  modis  simulacra  videt  volitantia  miris 
et  varias  audit  voces  fruiturque  deorum  90 

conloquio  atque  imis  Acheronta  adfatur  Avernis. 
hie  et  tum  pater  ipse  petens  responsa  Latinus 
centum  lanigeras  mactabat  rite  bidentis, 
atque  harum  effultus  tergo  stratisque  iacebat 
velleribus  :  subita  ex  alto  vox  reddita  luco  est :        95 
"ne  pete  conubiis  natam  sociare  Latinis, 
o  mea  progenies^  thalamis  neu  crede  paratis  : 
externi  venient  generic  qui  sanguine  nostrum 
nomen  in  astra  ferant  quorumque  ab  stirpe  nepotes 
omnia  sub  pedibus,  qua  Sol  utrumque  recurrens     100 
aspicit  Oceanum,  vertique  regique  videbunt." 
haec  responsa  patris  Fauni  monitusque  silenti 
nocte  datos  non  ipse  suo  premit  ore  Latinus, 
sed  circum  late  volitans  iam  Fama  per  urbes 
Ausonias  tulerat,  cum  Laomedontia  pubes  105 

gramineo  ripae  religavit  ab  aggere  classem. 

Aeneas  primique  duces  et  jiulcher  lulus 

**  saevum  M.  ^^  subito  M. 

"'  \Qn\\xnt  preferred  by  Striiua. 


AENEID    BOOK    VII 

^^  Bat  the  king,  troubled  by  the  portent,  visits  the 
oracle  of  Fauniis,  his  prophetic  sire,  and  consults  the 
groves  beneath  high  Albunea,  which,  mightiest  of 
forests,^  echoes  with  hallowed  fountain,  and  breathes 
forth  from  her  darkness  a  deadly  vapour.  Hence 
the  tribes  of  Italy  and  all  the  Oenotrian  land  seek 
responses  in  days  of  doubt ;  hither  the  priestess 
brings  the  offerings,  and  as  she  lies  under  the  silent 
night  on  the  outspread  fleeces  of  slaughtered  sheep 
and  woos  slumber,  she  sees  many  phantoms  flitting  in 
wondrous  wise,  hears  voices  manifold,  holds  converse 
with  the  gods,  and  speaks  with  Acheron  in  lowest 
Avernus.  Here  then,  also.  King  Latinus  himself, 
seeking  an  answer,  duly  slaughtered  a  hundred  woolly 
sheep,  and  lay  couched  on  their  hides  and  outspread 
fleeces.  Suddenl^^  a  voice  came  from  the  deep  grove  : 
"  Seek  not,  O  my  son,  to  ally  thy  daughter  in  Latin 
wedlock,  and  put  no  fiith  in  the  bridal-chamber 
prepared.  Strangers  shall  come,  to  be  thy  sons, 
whose  blood  shall  exalt  our  name  to  the  stars,  and 
the  children  of  whose  race  shall  behold,  where  the 
circling  sun  looks  on  either  ocean,"  the  whole  world 
roll  obedient  beneath  their  feet."  This  answer  of 
his  father  Faunus,  and  tlie  warning  he  gave  in  the 
silent  night,  Latinus  keeps  not  shut  within  his  own 
lips ;  but  Rumour,  flitting  far  and  wide,  had  already 
borne  the  tidings  tin-ough  the  Ausonian  cities,  when 
the  sons  of  Laomedon  moored  their  ships  to  the 
river's  grassy  bank. 

1°''  Aeneas,  and  his  chief  captains  and  fair  liilus, 

^  Albunea  is  here  identified  with  the  forest.  Situated  at 
or  near  Laureutum,  this  must  be  different  from  the  Albunea 
of  Horace,  Carm.  i.  7,  12,  whicli  is  a  cascade  at  Tibur. 

2  i.e.  in  East  and  West;  the  Ocean  being  conceived  as 
flowing  round  the  earth. 

9 


VIRGIL 

corpora  sub  ramis  deponunt  arboris  altae 

instituuntque  dapes  et  adorea  liba  per  herbam 

subiciunt  epulis  (sic  Iiippiter  ipse  monebat)  1 10 

et  Cereale  solum  pomis  agrestibus  augent. 

consumptis  hie  forte  aliis,  ut  vertere  morsus 

exiguam  in  Cererem  penuria  adegit  edendi 

et  violare  manu  malisque  audacibus  orbem 

fatalis  crusti  patulis  nee  parcere  quadris  :  115 

"heusi  etiam  mensas  consumimus,"  inquit  lulus, 

nee  plura  adludens.      ea  vox  audita  laborum 

prima  tulit  finem  primamque  loquentis  ab  ore 

eripuit  pater  ac  stupefactus  numine  pressit. 

continue  "salve  fatis  mihi  debita  tellus  120 

vosque,"  ait,  "o  fidi  Troiae,  salvete,  penates : 

hie  domus,  haee  patria  est.    genitor  mihi  talia  namque 

(nunc  repeto)  Anchises  fatorum  arcana  reliquit : 

'cum  te,  nate,  fames  ignota  ad  litora  vectum 

accisis  coget  dapibus  consumere  mensas,  125 

turn  sperare  domos  defessus  ibique  memento 

prima  locare  manu  molirique  aggere  tecta.' 

haee  erat  ilia  fames,  haec  nos  suprema  mancbat, 

exitiis  positura  modum. 

quare  agite  et  pi*imo  laeti  cum  lumine  solis,  130 

quae  loca,  quive  habeant  homines,  ubi  moenia  gentis, 

vestigemus  et  a  portu  diversa  petamus. 

nunc  pateras  libate  lovi  precibusque  vocate 

Anchisen  genitorem,  et  vina  reponite  mensis." 

^1°  ipse]  ille  M',  hiown  to  Servius, 

^-^  ambesis  R.  *-'  manebant  R, 


'  Tlie  round  cakes,  like  our  hot  cross-buns,  were  scored  by 
crosB-liues  into  four  quarters  (quadrat). 
10 


AENEID   BOOK   VII 

lay  their  limbs  to  rest  under  the  boughs  of  a  high 
tree,  and  spread  the  feast ;  they  place  cakes  of  meal 
along  the  sward  beneath  the  viands^Jove  himself 
inspired  them — and  they  crown  the  wheaten  base 
with  fruits  of  the  field.  Here,  haply,  when  the  rest 
was  consumed,  and  the  scantness  of  fare  drove  them 
to  turn  their  teeth  upon  the  slender  cakes — to 
profane  with  hand  and  daring  jaw  the  fateful  circles 
of  crust,  and  spare  not  the  broad  loaves  ^ :  "  Ha  I 
we  eat  our  tables  too!"  quoth  liilus,  jesting;  this 
and  no  more.  That  cry,-  v.hen  heard,  first  brought 
an  end  of  toil ;  and  as  it  first  fell  from  the  speaker's 
lips,  his  father  caught  it  up  and  held  it  fast,^  awe- 
struck at  Heaven's  will.  Straightway,  "  Hail,  O 
land,"  he  cries,  "  destined  as  my  due !  and  hail  to 
you,  ye  faithful  gods  of  Troy  !  Here  is  our  home, 
here  our  country  !  For  my  father  Anchises — now  I 
recall  it — bequeathed  me  this  secret  of  fate  :  '  My 
son,  when,  wafted  to  an  unknown  shore,  hunger  shall 
compel  thee,  as  food  fails,  to  devour  thy  tables,  then 
in  thy  weariness  hope  for  a  home,  and  there  be 
mindful  first  to  set  up  thy  dwellings  with  thy  hand 
and  bank  them  with  a  mound.'  This  was  that  hun- 
ger foretold,  this  the  last  strait  awaiting  us,  that 
should  set  an  end  to  our  deadly  woes  !  Come  then, 
and,  gladly  with  the  sun's  first  beams,  let  us  explore 
what  lands  these  are,  what  people  here  dwell,  where 
is  the  city  of  the  nation,  and  let  us  fare  forth  from 
the  harbour  in  divers  ways.  Now  pour  your  cups  to 
Jove,  and  call  in  prayer  on  my  sire  Anchises,  and 
set  the  wine  again  upon  the  board." 

"^  cf.  III.  255,  where,  however,  the  prophecy  is  uttered  by 
Celaeno,  not  by  Anchises. 

*  Others  render  "stopped  his  utterance";  sc,  vocem. 

11 


VIRGIL 

Sic  deinde  effatus  frondenti  tempora  ramo  1S5 

impHcat  et  geniumque  loci  primamque  deoriim 
Tellurem  nymphasque  et  adhuc  igiiola  precatiir 
flumina,  turn  Noctem  Noctisque  orientia  signa 
Idaeumque  lovem  Phrygiamque  ex  ordine  Matrem 
invocat  et  duplicis  caeloque  Ereboque  parentis.     140 
hie  pater  omnipotens  ter  caelo  clarus  ab  alto 
intonuit  radiisque  ardentem  lucis  et  auro 
ipse  manu  quatiens  ostendit  ab  aethere  nubem. 
diditur  hie  siibito  Troiana  per  agmina  rumor, 
advenisse  diem,  quo  debita  moenia  condant.  145 

certatim  instauraut  epulas  atque  omine  magno 
crateras  laeti  statuunt  et  vina  coronant. 

Postera  cum  prima  lustrabat  lampade  terras 
orta  dies,  urbem  et  finis  et  litora  gentis 
diversi  explorant,  haec  fontis  stagna  Numici,  150 

hunc  Thybrim  fluvium,  hie  fortis  habitare  Latinos, 
tum  satus  Anchisa  delectos  ordine  ab  omni 
centum  oratores  augusta  ad  inoenia  regis 
ire  iubet,  ramis  velatos  Palladis  omnis, 
donaque  ferre  viro  pacemque  exposcere  Teucris.    155 
baud  moi*a,  festinant  iussi  rapidisque  feruntur 
passibus.     ipse  humili  designat  moenia  fossa 
moliturque  locum  primasque  in  litoi*e  sedes 
castrorum  in  morem  pinnis  atque  aggere  cingit. 
iamque  iter  emensi  turris  ac  tecta  Latinorum         l60 
ardua  cernebant  iuvenes  muroque  subibant. 
ante  urbem  pueri  et  primaevo  flore  iuventus 
exercentur  equis  domitantque  in  pulvere  currus 
aut  acris  tendunt  arcus  aut  lenta  lacertis 

1"  manum  J/i.  "o  gt  Al^y.     Latini  M\ 

**^  exercetur  Py^. 
12 


AENEID    BOOK    VII 

^^^  So  speaking,  he  straightway  wreaths  his  tem- 
ples with  leafy  bough  and  prays  to  the  genius  of  the 
place,  and  Earth,  first  of  gods ;  to  the  nymphs  and 
ihe  streams  yet  unknown  ;  then  to  Night  and  Night's 
rising  signs,  and  to  Jove  of  Ida  and  the  Phrygian 
Mother,  each  in  order,  and  his  twain  parents,  in 
Iieaven  and  in  the  world  below.  At  this,  the  al- 
mighty Father  thundered  thrice  aloft  from  a  clear 
sky,  and  with  his  own  hand  shook  forth  to  view  from 
heaven  a  cloud  ablaze  with  shafts  of  golden  light. 
Then  suddenly  through  the  Trojan  band  runs  the 
rumour,  that  the  day  has  come  to  found  their  pro- 
mised city.  Emulously  they  renew  the  feast,  and 
cheered  by  the  mighty  omen  set  on  the  bowls  and 
wreathe  the  wine. 

1*^  On  the  morrow,  soon  as  the  risen  day  was 
lighting  the  earth  with  her  earliest  torch,  by  separate 
ways  they  search  out  the  city  and  boundaries  and 
coasts  of  the  nation.  This,  they  learn,  is  the  pool  of 
Numicius'  fount;  this  the  Tiber  river;  here  dwell 
the  brave  Latins.  Then  Anchises'  son  commands  a 
hundred  envoys,  cliosen  from  every  rank,  to  go  to 
the  king's  stately  city,  o'er-shaded  all  by  the  boughs 
of  Pallas,  to  bear  gifts  for  the  hero,  and  to  crave 
peace  for  the  Trojans.  They  linger  not,  but  hasten 
at  his  bidding  and  move  with  rapid  steps.  Aeneas 
himself  marks  out  his  walls  with  a  shallow  trench, 
toils  o'er  the  ground,  and  encircles  this  first  settle- 
ment on  the  coast,  after  the  fashion  of  a  camp,  -with 
mound  and  battlements.  And  now  his  band  had 
traversed  their  way  ;  they  were  in  sight  of  the  towers 
and  steep  roofs  of  the  Latins,  and  drew  near  to  the 
wall.  Before  the  city,  boys  and  youths  in  their  early 
bloom  are  a-training  in  horsemanship,  or  break  in 
teams  amid  the  dust,  or  bend  eager  bows,  or  hurl 

13 


VIRGIL 

spicula  contorquent  cursuque  ictuque  lacessunt,    165 

cum  praevectus  equo  longaevi  regis  ad  auris 

nuntius  ingentis  ignota  in  veste  repoitat 

advenisse  viros.     ille  intra  tccta  vocari 

iraperat  et  solio  medius  consedit  avito. 

Tectiim   augustum,   ingens,    centum    sublime 

columnis,  170 

urbe  fuit  summa,  Laurentis  regia  Pici, 

liorrendum  silvis  et  religione  parentum. 

hie  sceptra  accipcre  et  primos  attollere  fasces 

regibus  omen  erat,  hoc  illis  curia  templum, 

hae  sacris  sedes  epulis,  hie  ariete  caeso  175 

pcrpetuis  soliti  patres  considere  mensis. 

quin  etiam  veterum  effigies  ex  ordine  avorum 

antiqua  e  cedro,  Italusque  paterque  Sabinus 

vitisator,  curvam  scrvans  sub  imagine  falcem, 

Saturnusque  senex  lanique  bifrontis  imago,  fmpr 

vestibule  adstabant  aliique  ab  origine  reges  181 

Martiaque  ob  patriam  pugnando  volnera  passi. 

multaque  praeterea  sacris  in  postibus  arma, 

captivi  pendent  currus  curvaeque  secures 

et  cristae  capitum  et  portarum  ingentia  claustra    185 

spiculaque  clipeique  ereptaque  rostra  carinis. 

ipse  Quirinali  lituo  parvaque  sedebat 

succinctus  trabea  laevaque  ancile  gerebat 

Picus,  equum  domitor;  quern  capta  cupidine  coniunx 

aurea  percussum  virga  versumque  venenis  190 

fecit  avem  Circe  sparsitque  coloribus  alas. 

1"  Martia  qui  F^M. 
14 


AENEID    BOOK    VII 

with  their  arms  tough  darts,  and  challenge  to  race 
or  boxing  bout — when,  galloping  up,  a  messenger 
brings  word  to  the  aged  monarch's  ears  that  mighty 
men  arc  come  in  unknov.n  attire.  Tlie  king  bids 
them  be  summoned  within  the  halls,  and  takes  his 
seat  in  the  midst  on  his  ancestral  throne. 

^^'  Stately  and  vast,  towering  with  a  hundred 
columns,  his  house  crowned  the  city,  once  the  palace 
of  Laurentian  Picus,  awe-inspirinjr  with  its  grove  and 
the  sanctity  of  olden  days.  Here  'twas  auspicious 
for  kings  to  receive  the  sceptre,  and  first  uplift  the 
fasces ;  this  shrine  was  their  senate-house,  this  the 
scene  of  their  holy  feasts ;  here,  after  slaughter  of 
rams,  the  elders  were  wont  to  sit  down  at  the  long 
line  of  tables.  Yea,  and  in  order  are  images  of  their 
forefathers  of  yore,  carved  of  old  cedar — Italus  and 
father  Sabinus,  planter  of  the  vine,  guarding  in  his 
image  the  curved  pruning-hook,  and  aged  Saturn, 
and  the  likeness  of  two-faced  Janus — all  standing  in 
the  vestibule ;  and  other  kings  from  the  beginning, 
and  they  who  had  suffered  wounds  of  war,  fighting 
for  their  fatherland.  Many  arms,  moreover,  hang 
on  the  sacred  doors,  captive  chariots,  curved  axes, 
helmet-crests  and  massive  bars  of  gates  ;  javelins  and 
shields  and  beaks  wrenched  from  ships.  There  sat 
one,  holding  the  Quirinal  staft'^  and  girt  with  short 
robe,  his  left  hand  bearing  the  sacred  shield — even 
Picus,  tamer  of  steeds,  whom  his  bride  Circe,  smitten 
with  love's  longing,  struck  with  her  golden  rod,  and 
with  drugs  changed  into  a  bird  with  plumes  of 
dappled  hue. 

*  Quirinua  (t.e.  Romulus)  was  Rome's  first  augur,  and  as 
such  carried  the  augur's  badges  of  office — the  lituiis,  or  curved 
staff,  and  the  ancile,  or  sacred  shield — while  he  wore  the 
purple  striped  toga,  or  trabea. 

15 


VIRGIL 

Tali  intus  templo  diviim  patriaque  Latinus 
sede  sedens  Teucios  ad  sese  in  tecta  vocavit, 
atque  haec  ingressis  placido  prior  edidit  ore : 
"dicitCj  Dardanidae  (neque  enim  nescinius  et  urbem 
et  genus,  auditique  advertitis  aequore  cm  sum),     196 
quid  petitis  ?  quae  causa  rates  aut  cuius  egentis 
litus  ad  Ausoniuna  tot  per  vada  caerula  vexit  ? 
sive  errore  viae  seu  tempestatibus  acti, 
qualia  niulta  mari  nautae  patiuntur  in  alto,  200 

fluminis  intrastis  ripas  portuque  sedetis, 
ne  fugite  hospitium  neve  ignorate  Latinos 
Saturni  gentem,  baud  vinclo  nee  legibus  aequam, 
sponte  sua  veterisque  dei  se  more  tenentem. 
atque  equidem  memini  (fama  est  obscurior  annis)  205 
Auruncos  ita  ferre  senes,  his  ortus  ut  agris 
Dardanus  Idaeas  Phrygiae  penetravit  ad  urbes 
Threiciamque  Samum,  quae  nunc  Samotln-acia  fertur. 
hinc  ilium  Corythi  Tyrrhena  ab  sede  profectum 
aurea  nunc  solio  stellantis  regia  caeli  210 

accipit  et  numerum  divorum  altaribus  auget." 

Dixerat,  et  dicta  Ilioneus  sic  voce  secutus : 

"rex,  genus  egrcgium  Fauni,  nee  fluctibus  actos 

atra  subegit  hiems  vestris  succedere  terris, 

nee  sidus  regione  viae  litusve  fefellit :  215 

consilio  banc  omnes  animisque  volentibus  urbem 

adferimur,  pulsi  regnis,  quae  maxima  quondam 

extremo  veniens  Sol  aspiciebat  Olympo. 

ab  love  principium  generis,  love  Dardana  pubes 

2*'  penetrarit  E. 

*i*  numerom  pi;  numero /"'■/,     addit  7*. 

"2  dictum  MK 

16 


AENEID    BOOK    VII 

1^2  Sucli  was  the  temple  of  the  gods  wherein 
Latinus,  seated  on  the  throne  of  his  fathers,  sum- 
moned the  Teucrians  to  his  j)resence  in  the  halls,  and 
as  they  entered  greeted  them  thus  with  gentle  mien  : 
"  Tell,  O  Sons  of  Dardanus — for  your  city  and  race 
we  knoAV,  and  not  unheard  of  is  your  journey  over 
the  deep — what  seek  ye  ?  What  cause,  or  what 
need,  hath  borne  you  to  the  Ausonian  shore  o'er  so 
many  dark-blue  waters  ?  Whether  straying  from 
your  course,  or  driven  by  storms  (for  such  things  oft 
do  sailors  suffer  on  the  high  seas),  ye  have  entered 
the  river  banks  and  lie  in  liaven,  shun  not  our 
welcome,  and  be  not  unaware  that  the  Latins  are 
Saturn's  race,  righteous  not  by  bond  or  laws,  but 
self-controlled  of  their  own  free  will  and  by  the 
custom  of  their  ancient  god.  And  in  truth  I  re- 
member, though  time  has  dimmed  the  tale,  that 
Auruncan  elders  told  how  that  in  this  land  sprang 
Dardanus,^  and  hence  passed  to  the  towns  of  Phxy- 
gian  Ida  and  Thracian  Samos,  that  men  now  call 
Samothrace.  'Twas  hence,  from  the  Tuscan  home 
of  Corythus,  he  came,  and  now  the  golden  palace  of 
the  starry  sky  admits  him  to  a  throne,  and  with  his 
altars  he  increases  the  number  of  the  gods." 

212  He  ceased,  and  Ilioneus  followed  thus :  "  O 
King,  illustrious  seed  of  Faunus,  no  black  storm  hath 
tossed  us  on  the  waves  and  driven  us  to  seek  shelter 
in  your  lands,  nor  hath  star  or  shore  misled  us  in  our 
course.  Of  set  purpose  and  with  willing  hearts  do 
we  draw  near  to  this  thy  city,  exiled  from  a  realm 
once  the  greatest  that  the  sun  beheld  as  he  journeyed 
from  the  uttermost  heaven.  From  Jove-  is  the  origin 
of   our    race ;    in   Jove,    as    ancestor,    the    sons    of 

J  rf.  in.  134. 

^  Jupiter  was  father  of  Dardanus. 

17 

VOL.   II.  C 


VIRGIL 

gaudet  avOj  rex  ipse  lovis  de  gente  suprema  :         220 

Troiiis  Aeneas  tua  nos  ad  limina  misit. 

quanta  per  Idaeos  saevis  efFusa  Mycenis 

tempestas  ierit  campos,  quibus  aetus  uterque 

Europae  atque  Asiae  fatis  concurrent  orbis, 

audiit  et  si  quern  tellus  extrema  refuse  225 

summovet  Oceano  et  si  quem  extenta  plagarum 

quattuor  in  medio  dirimit  plaga  Solis  iniqui. 

diluvio  ex  illo  tot  vasta  per  aequora  vecti 

dis  sedeni  exiguam  patriis  litusque  rogamus 

innocuum  et  cunctis  undamque  auramque  patentem. 

non  erimus  regno  indecoresj  nee  vestra  feretur      231 

fama  levis  tantique  abolescet  gi*atia  facti, 

nee  Troiam  Ausonios  gremio  excepisse  pigcbit. 

fata  per  Aeneae  iuro  dextramque  potentenij 

sive  fide  seu  quis  bello  est  expertus  et  armis :        235 

multi  nos  jiopuli,  multae  (ne  temne,  quod  ultro 

praeferimus  manibus  vittas  ac  verba  precantia) 

et  petiere  sibi  et  voluere  adiungere  gentes ; 

sed  nos  fata  deum  vestras  exquirere  terras 

imperiis  egere  suis.     hinc  Dardanus  ortus^  240 

hue  repetit,  iussisque  ingentibus  urget  Apollo 

Tyrrhenum  ad  Thybrim  et  fontis  vada  sacra  Nuraici. 

dat  tibi  praeterea  fortunae  parva  pvioris 

munera,  reliquias  Troia  ex  ardente  receptas. 

hoc  pater  Anchises  auro  libabat  ad  aras,  245 

hoc  Priami  gestamen  erat,  cum  iura  vocatis 

*^^  niittit  2^.  ^^*  concurritur  Py^:  concurreret  R. 

^^*  quam  R.  ^^^  tantive  R. 

18 


AENEID   BOOK    VII 

Dardanus  glory ;  of  Jove's  supreme  race  is  our  king 
himself,  Trojan  Aeneas,  who  has  sent  us  to  thy  doors 
How  fierce  the  storm  that  burst  from  cruel  Mycenae 
and  passed  o'er  the  plains  of  Ida ;  how,  driven  by 
fate,  the  two  worlds  of  Europe  and  Asia  clashed — 
has  come  to  the  ears  of  all,  whom  the  farthest  land 
where  Ocean  is  flung  back  keeps  far  away,  and  of  all 
whom  the  zone  of  the  tyrannous  sun,  stretched  mid- 
most of  the  four,  severs  from  us.^  From  that  deluge 
have  we  sailed  o'er  many  waste  seas,  and  now  crave 
a  scant  home  for  our  country's  gods,  a  harmless 
landing-place,  and  air  and  water  free  to  all.  We 
shall  be  no  shame  to  the  realm,  nor  shall  your  renown 
be  lightly  told  or  the  grace  of  such  a  deed  grow 
faint,  nor  shall  Ausonia  repent  of  having  welcomed 
Troy  to  her  breast.  By  the  fortunes  of  Aeneas  I 
sweax",  and  by  his  strong  right  hand,  whether  in 
loyalty  or  in  war  and  arms  it  has  been  proved,  many 
are  the  peoples,  many  the  nations — scorn  us  not, 
that  of  ourselves  we  proffer  garlands  Avith  our  hands 
and  address  to  you  words  of  suppliance — who  have 
sought  us  for  themselves  and  craved  our  alliance  ; 
but  the  will  of  heaven  has  forced  us  by  its  behests  to 
seek  out  your  shores.  Hence  was  Dardanus  sprung 
and  hither  he  returns  ;2  while  with  high  decrees 
Apollo  urges  us  to  Tuscan  Tiber  and  the  sacred 
waters  of  the  Numician  spring.  Further,  to  thee 
our  king  offers  these  poor  tokens  of  his  former  for- 
tune— relics  snatclied  from  burning  Troy.  Witli 
this  gold  did  his  father  Anchises  pour  libation  at  the 
altars ;  this  was  Priam's  array  when  after  his  wont 

^  Those  who  dwell  farthest  away  on  Atlantic  shores,  and 
those  beyond  the  tropics,  alike  have  heard. 

*  i.e.  in  the  person  of  his  descendants.  Others  make 
Apollo  the  subject  of  repttit. 

19 
c  2 


VIRGIL 

more  daret  populis,  sceptrumque  sacerque  tiaias 
Iliaclumque  labor  vestes."  fmprv 

Talibiis  Ilionei  dictis  defixa  Latinus 
obtutu  tenet  ora  soloque  immobilis  hacret,  250 

intentos  volvens  oculos.     nee  purpura  regem 
picta  movet  nee  sceptra  movent  Priameia  tantum, 
quantum  in  conubio  natae  thalamoque  moratur, 
et  veteris  Fauni  volvit  sub  peetore  sortem  : 
hune  ilium  fatis  externa  ab  sede  profeetum  255 

portendi  generum  paribusque  in  regna  vocari 
auspiciis,  huie  progeniem  virtute  futuram 
egregiam  et  totum  quae  viribus  occupet  orbem, 
tandem  laetus  ait :  "  di  nostra  inccpta  secundent 
auguriumque  suum !  dabitur,  Troiane,  quod  optas;  260 
munera  nee  sperno.     non  vobis,  rege  Latino, 
divitis  uber  agri  Troiaeve  opulentia  deerit. 
ipse  niodo  Aeneas,  nostri  si  tanta  cupido  est, 
si  iungi  hospitio  properat  sociusque  vocari, 
adveniat,  voltus  neve  exliorrescat  amicos  :  265 

pars  mihi  pacis  erit  dextram  tetigisse  tyranni. 
vos  contra  regi  mea  nunc  mandata  referte. 
est  mihi  nata,  viro  gentis  quam  iungere  nostrae 
non  patrio  ex  adyto  sortes,  non  plurima  caelo 
monstra  sinunt ;  generos  externis  adfore  ab  oris,     270 
hoc  Latio  restare  canunt,  qui  sanguine  nostrum 
nomen  in  astra  ferant.     hunc  ilium  poscere  fata 
et  reor  et,  si  quid  veri  mens  augurat,  opto." 

Haec  efFatus  equos  numero  pater  eligit  omni    fmpr 
(stabant  ter  centum  nitidi  in  praesepibus  altis) ;    275 

25*  volvens  F^.  ««=  Troiaeque  7*y. 

*'*  sociusve  FRV. 
20 


AENEID    BOOK    VII 

he  gave  laws  to  the  assembled  nations — the  sceptre, 
the  sacred  diadem,  and  the  robes  wrought  by  Ilium's 
daughters." 

2^^*  At  these  words  of  Ilioneus  Latinus  holds  his 
face  fixed  in  steady  gaze  downward,  rolling  the  while 
his  earnest  eyes.  Nor  is  it  so  much  that  the  em- 
broidered purple  or  the  sceptre  of  Priam  moves  the 
king,  as  that  he  broods  o'er  his  daughter's  wedlock 
and  bridal  bed,  and  revolves  in  his  breast  the  oracle 
of  ancient  Faunus.  "This,"  he  thought,  "must  be 
he  who,  coming  from  a  stranger's  home,  is  pre- 
destined by  the  fates  as  my  son,  and  called  to 
sovereignty  with  equal  power ;  hence  must  come  the 
offspring,  glorious  in  valour,  whose  might  is  to  master 
all  the  world."  At  last,  in  gladness,  he  speaks: 
"  May  the  gods  prosper  our  intent  and  their  own 
prophecy !  Trojan,  thy  wish  shall  be  granted  ;  nor 
do  I  spurn  thy  gifts.  While  Latinus  is  king,  ye  shall 
not  lack  the  bounty  of  a  fruitful  soil,  nor  Troy's 
abundance.  Only  let  Aeneas,  if  so  he  longs  for  us, 
if  he  be  eager  to  join  us  in  amity  and  be  called  our 
ally,  let  him  come  in  person  and  shrink  not  from 
friendly  eyes.  To  me  it  shall  be  a  term  of  the  {)eace 
to  have  touched  your  sovereign's  hand  !  Do  ye  now 
in  turn  take  back  to  the  king  my  answer :  I  have  a 
daughter  whom  oracles  from  my  father's  shrine  and 
countless  prodigies  from  heaven  suffer  me  not  to 
unite  to  a  bridegroom  of  our  race ;  sons  shall  come 
from  shores  of  strangers — such  destiny,  they  foretell, 
awaits  Latium — whose  blood  shall  exalt  our  name  to 
the  stars.  That  this  is  he  on  whom  fate  calls,  I  both 
think,  and,  if  my  soul  forebodes  aught  of  truth,  him 
I  choose." 

-'^*  With  these  words  the  old  king  picks  out  horses 
from  all  his  number— three  hundred  stood  sleek  in 

21 


VIRGIL 

omnibus  extemplo  Teucris  iubet  ordine  duci 
instratos  ostro  alipedes  pictisque  tapetis  fmr 

(aurea  pectoribus  deinissa  monilia  pendent, 
tecti  auro  fuUiim  mandunt  sub  dentibus  aurum), 
absent!  Aeneae  currum  geminosque  iugalis  280 

semine  ab  aetherio,  spirantis  naribus  igneni, 
illorum  de  gente,  patri  quos  daedala  Circe 
su})posita  de  matre  nothos  furata  creavit. 
talibus  Aeneadae  donis  dietisque  Latini 
sublimes  in  equis  redeunt  pacemque  repoitant.     285 

Ecce  autem  Inachiis  sese  referebat  ab  Argis 
saeva  lovis  coniunx  aurasque  invecta  tenebat, 
et  laetum  Aenean  classemque  ex  aethere  longe 
Dardaniam  Siculo  prospexit  ab  usque  Pachyno. 
moliri  iam  tecta  videt,  iam  fidere  terraCj  290 

deseruisse  rates  :  stetit  acri  fixa  dolore. 
turn  quassans  caput  haec  eftundit  pectore  dicta : 
"  heu  stirpem  invisam  et  fatis  contraria  nostris 
fata  Phrygum  !  num  Sigeis  occumbere  campis, 
num  capti  potuere  capi  ?  num  incensa  cremavit     295 
Troia  viros  ?  medias  acies  mediosque  per  ignis 
invenere  viam.     at,  credo,  mea  numina  tandem 
fessa  iacent,  odiis  aut  exsaturata  quievi. 
quin  etiam  patria  excussos  infesta  per  undas 
ausa  sequi  et  profugis  toto  me  opponere  ponto  :     300 
absumptae  in  Teucros  vires  caelique  marisque. 
quid  Syrtes  aut  Scylla  mihi,  quid  vasta  Charybdis 

*^'  flagrantis  F.  -*'  longo  M. 

29*  nunc  capti  Jl.  "^^  aut]  haud  M^, 

22 


AENEID   BOOK    VII 

their  high  stalls.  At  once  foi'  all  the  Teuerians  in 
order  he  commands  them  to  be  led  forth,  fleet  oj 
foot  and  caparisoned  with  purple  and  embroidered 
housings.  Golden  are  the  chains  that  hang  drooping 
from  their  breasts,  of  gold  are  their  trappings,  and 
yellow  gold  they  champ  with  their  teeth.  For  the 
absent  Aeneas  he  chooses  a  car  and  twin  coursers  of 
ethereal  seed,  breathing  fire  from  their  nostrils,  and 
spi'ung  from  the  stock  of  those  steeds  which  cunning 
Circe,  stealing  them  from  her  sire,  bred  bastard  from 
tlie  mare  she  had  mated.^  With  such  words  and 
gifts  from  Latinus,  the  sons  of  Aeneaf^.,  mounted  on 
their  horses,  return  carrying  back  peace. 

2®^  But  lo !  the  fierce  wife  of  Jove  was  faring  back 
from  Argos,  city  of  Inachus,  holding  her  airy  flight ; 
and  from  the  sky  afar,  even  from  Sicilian  Pachynus, 
she  espied  the  rejoicing  Aeneas  and  his  Dardan  fleet. 
She  sees  them  already  building  a  home,  already  trust- 
ing in  the  land,  their  ships  deserted.  She  stopped, 
pierced  with  sharp  grief;  then,  shaking  her  head, 
pours  forth  from  her  breast  these  words  :  "Ah  !  hated 
race,  and  Phrygian  fates,  that  cross  my  own  !  Could 
they  perish  on  the  Sigean  plains  ?  Could  they,  cap- 
tured, suffer  captivity  .''  Did  tlie  fires  of  Troy  consume 
them  ?  Lo  !  through  the  midst  of  armies,  through  the 
midst  of  flames,  they  have  found  a  way.  But,  me- 
thinks,  my  power  at  last  lies  outworn ;  or  my  wrath 
is  sated,  and  I  rest !  Nay  more,  when  they  were 
hurled  forth  from  their  country,  with  my  vengeance 
I  dared  to  follow  the  exiles  through  the  waves 
and  confront  them  o'er  all  the  deep  :  against  the 
Teuerians  has  been  spent  all  the  power  of  sea  and  sky. 
Yet  what  have  the    Syrtes    availed  me,    or   Scylla, 

*  Circe  was  daughter  of  the  Sun,  whose  horses  were  im- 
mortal, while  her  mare  was  of  mortal  stock. 

23 


VIRGIL 

profuit?  optato  conduntur  Thybridis  alveo, 
securi  pelagi  atque  mei.     Mai-s  perdere  gentem 
immanem  Lapithum  valuit,  concessit  in  iras  305 

ipse  deum  antiquam  genitor  Calj'dona  Dianae, 
quod  scelus  aut  Lapithas  tantum  aut  Calydona 

nierentem  ? 
ast  egOj  magna  lovis  coniunx,  nil  linquere  inausuni 
quae  potui  infelix,  quae  memet  in  omnia  verti, 
vincor  ab  Aenea.    quod  si  mea  numina  non  sunt     3 1 0 
magna  satis,  dubitem  baud  equidem  implorare 

quod  usquam  est. 
flectere  si  nequeo  superos,  Acberonta  movebo. 
non  dabitur  regnis,  esto,  probibere  Latinis, 
atque  immota  manet  fatis  Lavinia  coniunx  : 
at  trabere  atque  moras  tantis  beet  addere  rebus,      315 
at  beet  amborum  populos  exscindere  regum. 
hac  gener  atque  socer  coeant  mercede  suojum. 
sanguine  Troiano  et  Rutulo  dotabere,  virgo, 
et  Bellona  manet  te  pronuba.     nee  face  tantum 
Cisseis  praegnas  ignis  enixa  iugabs,  320 

quin  idem  Veneri  partus  suus  et  Paris  alter, 
funestaeque  iterum  recidiva  in  Pergama  taedae." 
Haec  ubi  dicta  dedit,  terras  borrenda  petiv  it ; 
luctificam  Allecto  dirarum  ab  sede  dearum 
infernisque  ciet  tenebris,  cui  tristia  bella  325 

iraeque  insidiaeque  et  crimina  noxia  cordi.  fmrv 

odit  et  ipse  pater  Pluton,  odere  sorores 
Tartareae  monstrum  :  tot  sese  vertit  in  ora, 

»«'  Capithis  -iP:  Lapithas  MK  Calydoue  }PE:  Calydo  F^. 
merente  F:  merentes  iP;  mereute  E:  Sej'cius  and  Priscian 
prefer  the  ablatives.  '^*  viiicar  l/"-. 

31»  est  omitted  by  .IP.  «^  hac]  at  M.  ^-*  sororum  ^PR■y^-. 
24 


AENEID   BOOK   VII 

what  yawning  Charybdis  ?  They  find  shelter  in 
Tiber's  longed-for  channel^  careless  of  ocean  and  of 
me.  Mars  could  destroy  the  Lapiths'  giant  race ; 
the  very  father  of  the  gods  yielded  ancient  Calydon 
to  Diana's  wrath  ;  ^  though  for  what  heinous  sin  did 
Lapiths  or  Calydon  merit  such  penalty?  But  I, 
Jove's  mighty  consort,  who  have  endured,  alas !  to 
leave  naught  undared,  who  have  turned  me  to  every 
shift,  I  am  worsted  by  Aeneas !  But  if  my  powers 
be  not  strong  enough,  surely  I  need  not  be  slow  to 
seek  succour  wherever  it  may  be  ;  if  Heaven  I  can 
not  bend,  then  Hell  I  will  arouse  !  Not  mine  will 
it  be— I  grant  it — to  keep  him  from  the  crown  of 
Latium,  and  by  fate  Lavinia  abides  immovably  his 
bride ;  yet  to  put  off  the  hour  and  to  bring  delay  to 
such  great  issues — that  may  I  do  ;  yet  may  I  uproot 
the  nation  of  either  king.  At  such  price  of  their 
people's  lives  be  father  and  son-in-law  united  !  Blood 
of  'Frojan  and  Kutulian  sliall  be  thy  dower,  maiden, 
and  Bellona  awaits  thee  as  thy  bridal  matron.  Nor 
did  Cisseus'  daughter  alone  conceive  a  firebrand  and 
give  birth  to  nuptial  flames.'-  Nay,  Venus  has  the 
like  in  her  own  child,  a  second  Paris,  another  funeral 
torch  for  reborn  Troy." 

2-3  These  words  uttered,  she  with  awful  mien 
passed  to  earth,  and  calls  baleful  Allecto  from  the 
home  of  the  Dread  Goddesses  and  the  infernal  shades 
— Allecto,  whose  heart  is  set  on  gloomy  w-ars,  pas- 
sions, plots  and  baneful  crimes.  Hateful  is  the  mon- 
ster even  to  her  sire  Pluto,  hateful  to  her  Tartarean 
sisters  ;  so  many  are  the  forms  she  assumes,  so  savage 

'  The  wild  boar  of  Calydon  ravaged  the  land  because 
Oeneus,  the  king,  had  neglected  sacrifice  to  Diana. 

*  Hecuba,  before  bearing  Paris,  dreamed  that  she  would 
give  birth  to  a  firebrand. 

25 


VIRGIL 

tam  saevae  facies,  tot  pullulat  atra  colubris.  S29 

quam  luno  his  acuit  verbis  ac  talia  fatur :  Mnv 

"hunc  mihi  da  proprium^  virgo  sata  Nocte,  laborem, 
banc  operam,  ne  noster  honos  infractave  cedat 
fama  locOj  neu  conubiis  ambire  Latinum 
Aeneadae  possint  Italosve  obsidere  finis, 
tu  potes  unanimos  armare  in  pi-oelia  fratres  S3 5 

atque  odiis  versare  domos^  tu  verbera  tectis 
funereasque  inferre  faceSj  tibi  nomina  mille, 
mille  nocendi  artes.     fecundum  concute  pectus, 
disice  compositani  pacem,  sere  crimina  beUi ; 
arma  velit  poscatque  simul  I'apiatque  inventus. "      340 

Exim  Gorgoneis  Allecto  infecta  venenis 
principio  Latium  et  Laurentis  tecta  tyranni 
celsa  petit,  tacitumque  obsedit  limen  Amatae, 
quam  super  adventu  Teucrum  Turnique  hymenaeis 
femineae  ardentem  curaeque  iraeque  coquebant.   345 
huic  dea  caeruleis  unum  de  crinibus  anguem 
conicit,  inque  sinum  praecordia  ad  intima  subdit, 
quo  furibunda  domum  monstro  permisceat  oninem. 
ille  inter  vestis  et  levia  pectora  lapsus 
volvitur  attactu  nullo  fallitque  furentem,  350 

vipeream  inspirans  aniniam  ;  fit  tortile  collo 
aurum  ingens  coluber,  fit  longae  taenia  vittae,        mr 
innecl.itque  comas  et  membris  lubricus  errat. 
ac  dum  prima  lues  udo  sublapsa  veneno 
pertemptat  sensus  atque  ossibus  implicat  ignem,  355 
necdum  animus  toto  percepit  pectore  flammam, 
mollius  et  solito  matrum  de  more  locuta  est, 
multa  super  natae  lacrimans  Phrygiisque  hymenaeis  : 

330  verbis]  dictis  Ry.  ^^'  -que  omitled  by  V. 

3"  spiran3  MV,       '"  est  omitted  by  My^.       ^^s  nata  R. 
26 


AENEID    BOOK    VII 

their  aspect,  so  thick  her  black  upsprouting  vipers.' 
Her  Juno  inflames  with  these  words,  speaking  thus  : 
"  Grant  me,  maiden  daughter  of  Night,  this  service, 
a  boon  all  my  own,  that  my  honour  and  gloiy  yield 
not  o'ermastered,  that  the  sons  of  Aeneas  be  not  able 
to  cajole  Latinus  with  wedlock  or  beset  the  borders 
of  Italy.  Thou  canst  arm  for  strife  brothers  of  one 
soul,  and  overturn  homes  with  hate ;  thou  canst 
bring  under  the  roof  the  lash  and  funeral  torch ; 
thou  hast  a  thousand  names,  a  thousand  means  of  ill. 
Rouse  thy  fertile  bosom,  shatter  the  pact  of  peace, 
sow  seeds  of  wicked  war !  In  the  same  hour  let  the 
men  crave,  demand,  and  seize  the  sword  !  " 

2^^  Thereon  Allecto,  steeped  in  Gorgonian  venom, 
first  seeks  Latium  and  the  high  halls  of  the  Lauren- 
tine  king,  and  sits  down  before  the  silent  threshold 
of  Amata,  who,  with  a  woman's  distress,  a  woman's 
passion,  was  seething  with  frenzy  over  the  Teuci'ian's 
coming  and  Tui'nus'  marriage.  On  her  the  goddess 
flings  a  snake  from  her  dusky  tresses,  and  thrusts  it 
into  her  bosom,  into  her  inmost  heart,  that  maddened 
by  the  pest  she  may  embroil  all  the  house.  Gliding  be- 
tween her  raiment  and  smooth  breasts,  it  winds  its  way 
unfelt,  and,  unseen  by  the  frenzied  woman,  breathes 
into  her  its  viperous  breath.  The  huge  snake  becomes 
the  collar  of  twisted  gold  about  her  neck,  becomes 
the  festoon  of  the  long  fillet,  entwines  itself  into  her 
hair,  and  slides  smoothly  over  her  limbs.  And  while 
first  the  taint,  stealing  on  in  fluent  poison,  thrills  her 
senses  and  wraps  her  bones  with  fire,  nor  yet  her  soul 
has  caught  the  flame  throughout  her  breast,  softly, 
and  as  mothers  are  wont,  she  spoke,  shedding  many 
a  tear  over  her  daughter's  and  the  Phrygian's  wed- 

*  The  Furies  are  commonly  represented  with  snakes  for 
iiair, 

27 


VIRGIL 

"  exsulibusne  datur  ducenda  Lavinia  TeucriSj 

o  genitor  ?  nee  te  miseret  gnataeque  tuique  ?         36o 

nee  matris  miseretj  quam  primo  Aquilone  relinquet 

perfidus  alta  petens  abducta  virgine  praedo  ? 

an  non  sic  Phrygius  penetrat  Lacedaemona  pastor 

Ledaeamque  Helenam  Troianas  vexit  ad  urbes  ? 

quid  tua  sancta  fides?  quid  cura  antiqua  tuorum  365 

et  consanguineo  totiens  data  dextera  Turno  ? 

si  gener  externa  petitur  de  gente  Latinis 

idque  sedet,  Faunique  preniunt  te  iussa  parqntis, 

omnem  equidem  sceptris  terram  quae  libera  nostris 

dissidet,  externam  reor  et  sic  dicere  divos.  370 

et  Turno,  si  prima  domus  repetatur  origo, 

Inachus  Acrisiusque  patres  mediaeque  Mycenae." 

His  ubi  nequiquam  dictis  experta  Latinum 
contra  stare  videt,  penitusque  in  viscera  lapsum 
serpentis  furiale  malum  totamque  pererrat,  STr) 

tum  vero  infelix,  ingentibus  excita  monstris, 
immensam  sine  more  furit  lymphata  per  urbem. 
ceu  quondam  torto  volitans  sub  verbere  turbo, 
quern  pueri  magno  in  gyro  vacua  atria  circum 
intenti  ludo  exercent  (ille  actus  habena  380 

curvatis  fertur  spatiis  ;  stupet  inscia  supra 
inpubesque  manus,  mirata  volubile  buxum ; 
dant  aninios  plagae),  non  cursu  segnior  illo 
per  medias  urbes  agitur  populosque  ferocis. 
quin  etiam  in  silvas,  simulate  numine  Bacchi,         SS5 

*8^  at  non  ^7.       '"*  dicere]  poscere  M^y^.       ^^^  silvis  iP-. 

1  Paris  was  brought  up  as  a  shepherd  on  Mount  Ida. 

^  Turnus  was  descended  from  the  kings  of  Argos  tlirough 
the  daughter  of  Acrisius,  Danae,  who  came  to  Italy,  founded 
28 


AENEID    BOOK    VII 

lock  ;  "  Is  it  to  exiled  Teucrians  Lavinia  is  given  as 
wife,  O  father ?  and  hast  thou  no  pity  on  thy  daugh- 
ter and  thyself?  no  pity  on  her  mother,  whom  with 
the  first  North  wind  the  faithless  pirate  will  desert, 
steering  for  the  deep  with  a  maid  as  booty?  Or, 
was  it  not  thus  that  the  Phrygian  shepherd  ^  entered 
Lacedaemon  and  bore  off  Leda's  Helen  to  Trojan 
towns  ?  What  of  thy  solemn  pledge  ?  What  of  thine 
old  love  for  thine  own,  and  the  haiid  so  oft  pledged 
to  Turnus,  thy  kin  ?  If  for  Latins  a  son  be  sought 
of  strangers'  stock,  and  if  that  be  fixed,  and  the  com- 
mands of  thy  sire  Faunus  weigh  upon  thee,  then  I 
hold  that  every  land,  free  and  separate  from  our  rule, 
is  strange,  and  that  such  is  the  word  of  the  gods. 
Turnus,  too,  if  the  first  origin  of  his  house  be  traced 
back,  has  ancestry  in  Inachus  and  Acrisius  and  mid- 
most Mycenae."  ^ 

373  When,  after  such  vain  trial  with  words,  she  sees 
Latinus  stand  firm  against  her — when  the  serpent's 
maddening  venom  has  glided  deep  into  her  veins 
and  courses  through  her  whole  frame — then,  indeed, 
the  luckless  queen,  stung  by  monstrous  horrors,  in 
wild  frenzy  rages  from  end  to  end  of  the  city.  As 
at  times  a  top,  spinning  under  the  twisted  lash, 
which  boys  intent  on  the  game  drive  in  a  great  circle 
through  an  empty  court — urged  by  the  whip  it 
speeds  on  round  after  round ;  the  puzzled,  childish 
throng  hang  over  it  in  wonder,  marvelling  at  the 
whirling  box-wood ;  the  blows  give  it  life  :  so,  with 
course  no  slacker,  is  she  driven  through  the  midst  of 
cities  and  proud  peoples.  Nay,  feigning  the  spirit 
of  Bacchus,  essaying  a  greater  sin  and  launching  a 

Ardea,  and  married  Pilumuus.    Mycenae  is  regarded  as  in 

the  centre  of  Greece. 

«9 


VIRGIL 

maius  adorta  nefas  maioremque  orsa  furorem, 
evolat  et  natain  frondosis  montibus  abdit, 
quo  thalamum  eripiat  Teuci'is  taedasque  moretur, 
euhoe  Bacche  fremens,  solum  te  virgine  dignum 
vociferans  ;  etenim  mollis  tibi  sumere  thyrsos,       390 
te  lustrai'e  choro,  sacrum  tibi  pascere  crinem. 
fama  volat,  furiisque  accensas  pectore  matres 
idem  omnis  simul  ardor  agit  nova  quaerere  tecta. 
deseruere  domos,  ventis  dant  colla  comasque  ; 
ast  aliae  tremulis  ululatibus  aethei'a  complent        395 
pampineasque  gerunt  incinctae  pellibus  hastas. 
ipsa  inter  medias  flagrantem  fervida  pinum 
sustinet  ac  natae  Turnique  canit  hymenaeos, 
sanguineam  torquens  aciem,  torvumque  repente 
clamat:  "io  matres,  audite,  ubi  quaeque,  Latinae  :  400 
si  qua  piis  animis  manet  infelicis  Amatae 
gratia,  si  iuris  materni  cura  remordet, 
solvite  crinalis  vittas,  capite  orgia  mecum," 
talem  inter  silvas,  inter  deserta  ferarum  mrv 

reginam  Allecto  stimulis  agit  undique  Bacchi.       405 

Postquam  visa  satis  primos  acuisse  furores 
consiliumque  omnemque  domum  vertisse  Latini, 
protinus  hinc  fuscis  tristis  dea  tollitur  alis 
audacis  Rutuli  ad  muros,  quam  dicitur  urbem 
Acrisioneis  Danae  fundasse  colonis,  410 

praeeipiti  delata  Noto.     locus  Ardea  quondam 
dictus  avis  :  et  nunc  magnum  manet  Ardea  nomen, 
sed  fortuna  fuit.     tectis  hie  Turnus  in  altis 
iam  mediam  nigra  carpebat  nocte  quietem. 

s"  choros  3PE.  «ss  jUae  3P. 

*i2  tenet  M^H,  Serviua,  *^'  hio  tectis  V. 

30 


AENEID   BOOK    VII 

greater  madness,  forth  she  flies  to  the  forest,  and 
hides  her  daughter  in  the  leafy  mountains,  thereby 
to  rob  the  Teucrians  of  their  marriage  and  delay  the 
nuptial  torch.  "  Evoe  Bacchus  !  "  she  shrieks.  "  Thou 
alone,"  thus  she  shouts,  "art  worthy  of  the  maiden  ! 
For  thee,  in  truth,  she  takes  up  the  waving  thyrsus, 
to  thee  she  pays  honour  in  the  dance,  for  thee  she 
grows  her  sacred  tresses."  Fame  flies  abroad,  and  the 
matrons,  their  breasts  kindled  with  fury,  are  driven 
on,  all  by  the  same  frenzy,  to  seek  new  dAvellings. 
They  have  left  their  homes,  and  bare  neck  and  hair 
to  the  winds,  while  some  fill  the  sky  with  tremulous 
shrieks  and,  clad  in  fawn-skins,  cany  vine-bound 
spears.  Herself  in  the  centre,  the  infuriate  queen 
uplifts  a  blazing  brand  of  pine  and  sings  the  man-iage- 
song  of  her  daughter  and  Turnus,  rolling  the  while 
blood-shot  eyes  ;  then  of  a  sudden  she  fiercely  shouts  : 
"  Ho  !  mothers  of  Latium,  give  ear,  where'er  ye  be  ! 
If  in  your  loyal  hearts  still  lives  affection  for  unhappy 
Amata,  if  care  for  a  mother's  rights  stings  your  souls, 
doff  the  fillets  from  your  hair,  join  the  revels  with 
me !  "  Such  is  the  queen,  as  amid  woods,  amid  wild 
beasts'  coverts,  Allecto  drives  her  far  and  wide  with 
Bacchic  goad. 

*^^  Soon  as  she  deemed  that  she  had  whetted 
enough  the  first  shafts  of  frenzy,  and  had  upturned 
the  purpose  and  all  the  palace  of  Latinus,  forthwith 
the  gloomy  goddess  flies  hence  on  dusky  Avings  to 
the  walls  of  the  bold  Rutulian,  the  city  which, 
Danae,  they  say,  thither  borne  by  the  headlong 
South,  built  with  her  Acrisian  settlers.^  The  place 
was  once  called  Ardea  by  our  sires,  and  still  stands 
Ardea,  a  mighty  name,  but  its  fortune  is  fled.  Here, 
in  his  high  palace,  Turnus,  at  dead  of  night,  was  in 
*  cf.  372  and  note. 

31 


VIRGIL 

Allecto  torvam  faciem  et  furi.alia  membra  ^l.^ 

cxuit,  in  voltus  sese  transformat  anilis 

et  frontem  obscenam  rugis  arat^  induit  albos 

cum  vitta  ci'inis,  turn  ramum  innectit  clivae  ; 

lit  Calybe  lunonis  anus  templique  sacerdos, 

et  iuveni  ante  oculos  his  se  cum  vocibus  offert :     420 

"  Turne,  tot  incassum  fusos  patiere  labores, 

et  tua  Dardaniis  transcribi  sceptra  colonis  ? 

rex  tibi  coniugium  et  quaesitas  sanguine  dotes 

abnegate  externusque  in  regnum  quaeritur  heres. 

i  nunCj  ingratis  offer  te,  inrise,  periclis ;  425 

Tyrrhenas,  i,  sterne  acies^  tege  pace  Latinos. 

haec  adeo  tibi  me^  placida  cum  nocte  iaceres^ 

ipsa  palam  fari  omnipotens  Saturnia  iussit.  fmuv 

quare  age  et  armari  pubem  portisque  moveri        [fmr 

laetus  in  arma  para,  et  Phrjgios  qui  flumine  pulchro 

consedei'e  duces  pictasque  exure  carinas.  431 

caelestum  vis  magna  iubet.     rex  ipse  Latinus, 

ni  dare  coniugium  et  dicto  parere  fatetur, 

sentiat  et  tandem  Turnum  experiatur  in  armis." 

Hie  iuveniSj  vatem  inridens,  sic  orsa  vicissim     435 
ore  rcfert :  "  classis  invectas  Thybridis  undam 
non,  ut  rere,  meas  effugit  nuntius  auris ; 
ne  tantos  mihi  finge  metus ;  nee  regia  luno 
immemor  est  nostri. 

sed  te  victa  situ  verique  effeta  senectus,  440 

o  mater,  curis  nequiquam  exercet,  et  arma 
regum  inter  falsa  vatem  formidine  ludit. 
cura  tibi  divom  effigies  et  templa  tueri ; 
bella  viri  pacemque  gerent,  quis  bella  gerenda." 

"0  iube  M.         "6  undam]  alveo  M^H.         *«*  gerant  M. 
32 


AENEID    BOOK    VII 

the  midst  of  slumbers.  Allecto  puts  oiT  her  grim 
features  and  fiendish  limbs,  transforms  herself  to  an 
old  dame's  face,  furrows  her  loathly  brow  with 
wrinkles,  assumes  hoary  locks  and  fillet,  next  en- 
twines them  with  an  olive  spray,  and  becomes  Calybe, 
aged  priestess  of  Juno's  temple,  then,  with  these 
words,  presents  herself  to  the  young  man's  eyes : 
"  Tufnus,  wilt  thou  brook  all  these  toils  poured  forth 
in  vain,  and  thy  sceptre  transferred  to  Dardan 
settlers  ?  The  king  denies  thee  thy  bride  and  the 
dower  thy  blood  has  won,  and  a  stranger  is  sought 
as  heir  to  thy  throne.  Go  now,  confront  thankless 
perils,  thou  scorned  one :  go,  lay  low  the  Tuscan 
ranks ;  shield  the  Latins  with  peace.  This  it  was 
that,  in  very  presence,  Saturn's  almighty  daughter 
bade  me  say  to  thee,  as  thou  wert  lying  in  the 
stillness  of  night.  Rise  then,  and  gladly  make 
ready  the  arming  of  thy  youth,  and  their  march  from 
the  gates  to  battle.  Consume  the  Phrygian  chiefs, 
who  are  anchored  in  our  fair  stream,  and  burn  their 
painted  ships.  The  mighty  power  of  the  gods  com- 
mands. Let  King  Latinus  himself,  unless  he  consent 
to  give  thee  thy  bride,  and  stand  by  his  word,  know 
of  it,  and  at  last  make  proof  of  Turnus  as  a  foe." 

435  Hereon,  the  youth,  mocking  at  the  seer,  thus  in 
turn  takes  up  the  speech  :  "  That  a  fleet  has  entered 
Tiber's  waters,  the  tale  has  not,  as  thou  deemest, 
escaped  my  ear — feign  not  for  me  such  terrors — nor 
is  Queen  Juno  unmindful  of  me.  But  thee,  O 
mother,  old  age,  enfeebled  by  decay  and  barren  of 
truth,  frets  with  vain  distress,  and  amid  the  feuds  of 
kings  mocks  thy  prophetic  soul  with  false  alarms. 
Thy  charge  it  is  to  keep  the  gods'  images  and  tem- 
ples ;  war  and  peace  they  shall  wield,  whose  work 
war  is." 

S3 

VOL.  II.  O 


VIRGIL 

Talibus  AUecto  dictis  exarsit  in  iras.  445 

at  iuveni  oranti  subiius  tremor  occupat  artus, 
deriguere  oculi  :  tot  Erinys  sibilat  hydris 
tantaque  se  facies  aperit.    turn  flamniea  torquens 
lumina  cunctantem  et  quaerentem  dicere  plura 
reppulit  et  geminos  erexit  crinibus  anguis^  450 

verberaque  insonuit  rabidoque  haec  addidit  ore 
"  en  ego  victa  situ,  quam  veri  effeta  seneclus 
arma  inter  regum  falsa  formidine  ludit. 
respice  ad  haec  :  adsum  dirarum  ab  sede  sororum, 
bella  manu  letumque  gero."  455 

Sic  effata  facem  iuveni  coniecit  et  atro 
lumine  fumantis  fixit  sub  pectore  taedas. 
olli  somnum  ingens  rumpit  pavor,  ossaque  et  artus 
perfundit  toto  proruptus  corpore  sudor, 
arma  aniens  fremit,  arma  toro  tectisque  requirit ;  460 
saevit  amor  ferri  et  scelerata  insania  belli, 
ira  super :  magno  veluti  cum  flamma  sonore 
virgea  suggeritur  costis  undantis  aeni 
exsultantque  aestu  latices,  furit  intus  aquai 
fumidus  atque  alte  spumis  exuberat  amnis,  465 

nee  iam  se  capit  unda,  volat  vapor  ater  ad  auras, 
ergo  iter  ad  regem  polluta  pace  Latinum 
indicit  primis  iuvenuni  et  iubet  arma  parari, 
tutari  Italian!,  detrudere  finibus  hostem  ; 
se  satis  ambobus  Teucrisque  venire  Latinisque.       MR 
haec  ubi  dicta  dedit  divosque  in  vota  vocavit,         471 
certatim  sese  Ilutuli  exhortantur  in  arma. 
hunc  decus  egregiinu  formae  movet  atque  iuventae, 
lumc  atavi  reges,  hunc  claris  dcxtcra  factis. 

"^  rapido  Fy^. 

*'^  perfudit  M.  praeruptus  Ff^. 

*®*  aquao  vis  FH,  Macrobius:  aquai,  according  to  Servius, 
was  introduced  by  Tucca  and   Varius  for  the  original  aquae 
amnis. 
.34 


AENEID    BOOK   VII 

^^^  At  such  voids  Allecto  blazed  forth  in  fury. 
But  even  as  the  youth  spoke,  a  sudden  tremor  seized 
his  hnibs,  and  his  eyes  were  set  in  fear ;  so  many  are 
the  Fury's  hissing  snakes,  so  monstrous  the  features 
that  unfold  themselves.  Then,  rolling  her  flaming 
eyes,  she  thrust  him  back,  as  he  faltered  and  was 
fain  to  say  more,  reared  two  snakes  from  her  tresses, 
sounded  her  whip,  and  spoke  further  with  rabid  lips  : 
"  Behold  me,  enfeebled  by  decay,  whom  old  age, 
barren  of  truth,  amid  the  feuds  of  kings,  mocks  with 
vain  alarm !  Look  on  this !  I  am  come  from  tlie 
home  of  the  Dread  Sisters,  and  in  my  hand  I  bear 
war  and  death." 

*^^  So  saying,  she  hurled  at  the  youth  a  torch,  and 
fixed  in  his  breast  the  brand,  smoking  with  lurid 
light.  A  monstrous  terror  broke  his  sleep,  and  the 
sweat,  bursting  forth  from  all  his  frame,  drenched 
bone  and  limb.  For  arms  he  madly  shrieks  ;  arms  he 
seeks  in  couch  and  chamber  ;  lust  of  the  sword  rages 
in  him,  the  accursed  frenzy  of  war,  and  resentment 
crowning  all :  even  as  Avhen  flaming  sticks,  loud 
crackling,  are  heaped  under  the  ribs  of  a  billowing 
cauldron,  and  the  waters  dance  with  the  heat ;  within 
seethes  the  liquid  flood,  steaming  and  bubbling  up 
high  with  foam  ;  and  now  the  wave  contains  itself 
no  longer,  and  the  black  smoke  soars  aloft.  There- 
fore, profaning  peace,  he  orders  his  chief  warriors  to 
march  upon  Latinus,  and  bids  arms  be  made  ready. 
"  Defend  Italy,"  he  cries,  "  drive  the  foe  from  her 
bounds ;  I  come,  a  match  for  both  Teucrians  and 
Latins."  When  thus  he  spake,  and  called  the  gods 
to  hear  his  voavs,  the  Rutuli  vie  in  exhorting  one 
another  to  arms.  One  is  moved  by  the  peerless 
beauty  of  his  form  and  youth,  one  by  his  royal  an- 
cestry, another  by  the  glorious  deeds  of  his  hand. 

35 
t.   2 


VIRGIL 

DutnTurnus  Rululos  animis  audacibus  implet,  475 
Allecto  in  Teucros  Stygiis  se  concitat  alis. 
arte  nova  speculata  locum,  quo  litore  pulcher 
insidiis  cursuque  feras  agitabat  lulus. 
hie  subitam  canibus  rabiem  Coc}  tia  virgo 
obicit  et  noto  naris  contingit  odore,  480 

ut  cervum  ardentes  agerent ;  quae  prima  laborum 
causa  fuit  belloque  animos  accendit  agrestis.  mrv 

cervus  erat  forma  praestanti  et  cornibus  ingens, 
Tyrrhidae  pueri  quern  matris  ab  ubere  raptum 
nutribant  Tyrrhusque  pater,  cui  regia  parent         485 
armenta  et  late  custodia  credita  campi.  fmrv 

adsuetum  imperiis  soror  omni  Silvia  cura 
moUibus  intexens  ornabat  cornua  sertis, 
pectebatque  ferum  puroque  in  fonte  lavabat. 
ille,  manum  patiens  mensaeque  adsuetus  erili,       490 
errabat  silvis  rursusque  ad  limina  nota 
ipse  domum  sera  quamvis  se  nocte  ferebat. 

Hunc  procul  errantem  rabidae  venantis  lull 
commovere  canes,  fluvio  cum  forte  secundo 
deflueret  ripaque  aestus  viridante  levaret.  495 

ipse  etiam,  eximiae  laudis  succensus  amore, 
Ascanius  curvo  direxit  spicula  cornu  ; 
nee  dextrae  erranti  deus  afuit  actaque  mill  to 
perque  uterum  sonitu  perque  ilia  venit  harundo, 
saucius  at  quadrupes  nota  intra  tecta  refiigit  500 

successitque  gemens  stabulis,  questuque  cruentus 
atque  imploranti  similis  tectum  omne  replebat. 
Silvia  prima  soror,  palmis  percussa  lacertos, 
auxilium  vocat  et  duros  conclamat  agrestis. 
oUi  (pestis  enim  tacitis  latet  aspera  silvis)  505 


36 


*"  malorum  ^P.  «»«  lati  F^M^HV. 

•8»  manu  FM^.  «"  derexit  F^RyK 

«»«  dextra  Jf.  "2  replevit  RF. 


AENEID  BOOK   VII 

476  While  Turnus  fills  the  Rutuli  with  daring 
courage,  Allecto  on  Stygian  wing  speeds  toward  the 
Trojans,  with  new  wiles  spying  out  the  place,  where, 
on  the  shore,  fair  liilus  was  hunting  wild  beasts 
with  nets  and  steeds.  Here  the  hellish  maid  flings 
upon  his  hounds  a  sudden  frenzy,  and  touches  their 
nostrils  with  the  well-known  scent,  so  that  in  hot 
haste  they  course  a  stag.  This  was  the  first  source 
of  ill ;  this  first  kindled  the  rustic  sjiirit  to  war. 
There  was  a  stag  of  wondrous  beauty  and  mighty 
antlers,  which,  torn  from  the  mother's  breast,  the 
sons  of  Tyrrhus  nurtured,  and  Tyrrhus,  their  sire, 
controller  of  the  royal  herds,  and  charged  with  care 
of  pastures  near  and  far.  Their  sister  Silvia  had 
trained  him  to  obey,  and  with  constant  love  she 
adorned  him,  twining  his  horns  with  soft  garlands, 
combing  the  wild  thing's  coat,  and  laving  him  in  the 
crystal  spring.  He,  patient  of  her  hand,  and  accus- 
tomed to  his  master's  board,  roved  the  woods,  and  of 
his  own  accord  betook  himself  home  again  to  the 
well-known  door,  howe'er  late  the  night. 

493  While  far  afield  the  stag  was  straying,  the 
maddened  hounds  of  the  huntsman  liilus  started 
him,  as  haply  he  floated  down  stream  and  cooled 
his  heat  on  the  grassy  bank.  Ascanius  himself,  too, 
fired  with  longing  for  chiefest  honour,  aimed  a  shaft 
from  his  bent  bow,  nor  did  the  goddess  fail  his 
faltering  hand  ;  the  reed  sped  with  a  loud  whiz,  and 
pierced  belly  and  flank  alike.  But  the  wounded 
creature  fled  under  the  familiar  roof,  and  moaning 
crept  into  his  stall,  where,  bleeding  and  suppliant- 
like, he  filled  all  the  house  with  his  plaints.  First 
Silvia  the  sister,  beating  her  arms  with  her  hands, 
calls  for  help  and  summons  the  hardy  country-folk. 
They — for  the  fell  fiend  lurks  in  the  silent  woods — 

37 


VIRGIL 

improvisi  adsunt,  hie  torre  armatus  obusto, 
stipitis  hie  gravidi  nodis ;  quod  cuique  repertum 
rimanti,  telum  ira  facit.     vocat  agmina  Tyrrhus,  fmr 
quadrifidam  quereum  cuneis  ut  forte  coactis 
scindebat,  rapta  spirans  immane  securi.  mr 

At  saeva  e  speculis  tempus  dea  nacta  nocendi  511 
ardiia  tecta  petit  stabuH  et  de  culmine  summo 
pastorale  eanit  signum  cornuque  recurve 
Tartareani  intendit  voeeirij  qua  protinus  omne 
contremuit  nemus  et  silvae  insonuere  profundae  ;  515 
audiit  et  Triviae  longe  lacus^  audiit  amnis 
sulpurea  Nar  albus  aqua  fontesque  Velini, 
et  trepidae  raatres  pressere  ad  pectora  natos. 
turn  vero  ad  vocem  celeres,  qua  bucina  signum 
dira  deditj  raptis  concurrunt  undique  telis  520 

indomiti  agricolae,  nee  non  et  Troia  pubes 
Ascanio  auxiUum  castris  efFundit  apertis. 
derexere  aeies.     non  iam  certamine  agresti, 
stipitibus  duris  agitur  sudibusve  praeustis, 
sed  ferro  ancipiti  decernunt  atraque  late  525 

horreseit  strictis  seges  ensibus  aeraque  fulgent 
sole  laeessita  et  lucem  sub  nubila  iactant : 
fluctus  uti  primo  coepit  cum  albescere  vento, 
paulatim  sese  tollit  mare  et  altius  undas 
erigit,  inde  imo  consurgit  ad  aethera  fundo.  530 

hie  iuvenis  primam  ante  aciem  stridente  sagitta, 
natorum  Tyrrhi  fuerat  qui  maximus,  Almo, 
sternitur  ;  haesit  enim  sub  gutture  volnus  et  udae 
vocis  iter  tenuemque  inelusit  sanguine  vitam. 

^"  sciiidebant  M^.  *"  nancta  Pi. 

"»  incendit  M^RK  *"  direxere  Flj. 

"«  ponto  MR. 
38 


AENEID   BOOK   VII 

came  unlocked  for,  armed  one  with  seared  brand, 
one  with  heavy-knotted  stick  ;  what  each  can  find 
in  his  quest,  wrath  makes  a  weapon.  Tyrrhus  sum- 
mons his  bands,  snatching  up  an  axe  and  breathing 
savage  rage, — for  then  by  chance  he  was  cleaving 
an  oak  in  four  with  inward  driven  wedges. 

^^^  But  the  cruel  goddess,  espying  from  her  watch- 
tower  the  moment  of  mischief,  seeks  the  steep 
farm-roof,  and  from  the  topmost  ridge  sounds  the 
shepherds'  call,  and  on  the  twisted  horn  strains 
her  hellish  voice,  whereat  forthwith  every  grove 
trembled,  and  the  woods  echoed  to  their  depths. 
It  was  heard  by  Trivia's  lake  af;ir,i  heard  by  Nar 
with  his  white  sulphurous  water,  and  by  the  springs 
of  Velinus;  and  startled  mothers  clasped  their 
children  to  their  breasts.  Then  indeed,  hurrying 
to  the  sound,  wherewith  the  dread  clarion  gave 
the  signal,  the  wild  husbandmen  snatch  up  their 
weapons  and  gather  from  all  sides ;  no  less  the 
Trojan  youth  pour  through  the  camp's  open  gates 
their  succour  for  Ascanius.  The  lines  are  ranged  : 
not  now  do  they  contend  in  rustic  quarrel  with 
heavy  clubs  or  seared  stakes,  but  with  two-edged  steel 
they  try  the  issue  ;  far  and  wide  bristles  a  dark  har- 
vest of  drawn  swords,  while  brass  shines  at  the  chal- 
lenge of  the  sun  and  flings  its  light  to  the  clouds  :  as 
when  a  billow  begins  to  whiten  under  the  wind's  first 
breath,  little  by  little  the  sea  swells  and  lifts  its 
waves  higher,  till  at  last  it  rises  to  heaven  from  its 
lowest  depths.  Here  in  the  front  rank,  young  Almo, 
who  had  been  eldest  of  Tyrrhus'  sons,  is  laid  low  by 
a  whistling  arrow ;  for  the  Avound  was  fixed  beneath 
his  throat,  choking   with   blood   the   path  of  liquid 

*  The  famous  and  beautiful  Lago  di  Netni,  beside  which 
was  a  grove  of  Diana. 

39 


VIRGIL 

corpora  multa  virum  circa  seniorque  Galaesus,       535 
dum  paci  medium  se  offert,  iustissimus  unus 
qui  fuit  Ausoniisque  olim  ditissimus  arvis  : 
quinque  greges  ill!  balantum^  quina  redibant 
armenta,  et  terram  centum  vertebat  aratris. 

Atque  ea  per  campos  aequo  dum  Marte  geruntur, 
promissi  dea  facta  poteus,  ubi  sanguine  bellum      S-il 
imbuit  et  primae  conunisit  funera  pugnae, 
deserit  Hesperiam  et  caeli  conversa  per  auras 
lunonem  victrix  adfatur  voce  superba : 
"  en,  perfecta  tibi  bello  discordia  tristi !  545 

diCj  in  amicitiam  coeant  et  foedera  iungant^ 
quandoquidem  Ausonio  respersi  sanguine  Teucros. 
hoc  etiam  his  addam,  tua  si  mihi  certa  voluntas : 
finitimas  in  bella  feram  rumoribus  urbes, 
accendamque  animos  insani  Martis  amore,  550 

undique  ut  auxilio  veniant ;  spargam  arma  per  agros." 
turn  contra  luno  :  "terrorum  et  fraudis  abunde  est 
stant  belli  causae,  pugnatur  comminus  armis, 
quae  fors  prima  dedit,  sanguis  novus  imbuit  arma. 
talia  coniugia  et  talis  celebrent  hymenaeos  555 

egregium  Veneris  genus  et  rex  ipse  Latinus. 
te  super  aetherias  errare  licentius  auras 
haud  pater  ille  velit,  summi  regnator  Olympi 
cede  locis.    ego,  si  qua  super  fortuna  laborum  est, 
ipsa  regam."     talis  dederat  Saturnia  voces  :  560 

ilia  autem  attollit  stridentis  anguibus  alas, 
Cocytique  petit  sedem,  supera  ardua  linquens. 
est  locus  Italiae  medio  sub  montibus  altis, 
nobilis  et  fama  muitis  memoratus  in  oris, 

**3  conversa  iP:  couvexa  M^Hy,  Donatus,  Servins. 
**2  super  MR. 
40 


AENEID   BOOK   VII 

speech  and  the  slender  breath.  Around  him  lie 
many  dead,  and  among  them  old  Galaesus,  slain  as 
he  throws  himself  between  to  plead  for  peace — he 
who  was  of  all  men  most  righteous  and  erstwhile 
wealthiest  in  Ausonia's  fields  ;  for  him  five  flocks 
bleated,  five  herds  came  back  from  pasture,  and  a 
hundred  ploughs  upturned  the  soil. 

540  While  thus  o'er  the  plains  they  fight  with 
doubtful  issue,  the  goddess,  her  promise  fulfilled, 
when  once  she  has  stained  with  blood  and  opened 
with  death  the  first  encounter,  quits  Hesperia,  and 
turning  away  through  the  air  of  heaven,  addresses 
Juno  in  haughty  tones  of  triumph ;  "  Lo,  at  thy 
will,  discord  is  ripened  into  gloomy  war.  Bid  them 
unite  in  friendship  and  join  alliance,  seeing  that  I 
have  sprinkled  the  Teucrians  Avith  Ausoniim  blood. 
Moreover,  this  will  I  add,  if  I  am  assured  of  thy 
wish  :  with  rumours  I  will  draw  bordering  towns  to 
battle,  and  will  kindle  their  minds  with  lust  of 
maddening  war,  that  from  all  sides  they  may  come 
to  aid ;  I  will  sow  the  land  with  arms."  Then  Juno, 
in  answer :  "  Enough  of  alarms  and  treachery ; 
sure  are  the  causes  of  war  ;  man  with  man  they  fight 
in  arms,  and  the  arms  that  chance  first  brought, 
fresh  blood  now  stains.  Such  be  the  alliance,  such 
the  bridal  they  solemnize — -this  peerless  son  of 
Venus,  and  this  great  king  Latin  us !  That  thou 
shouldst  roam  too  freely  in  the  upper  air,  the 
mighty  sire,  sovereign  of  high  Olynijius,  would  not 
suffer.  Give  place  ;  whatsoever  may  yet  chance  in 
the  struggle,  that  I  myself  will  sway."  So  spake 
Saturn's  daughter  ;  but  the  other  raises  her  serpent- 
hissing  pinions,  and  leaving  the  heights  above,  seeks 
her  home  in  Cocytus.  There  is  a  place  in  the  heart 
of  Italy,  beneath  high  hills,  renowned  and  famed  in 

41 


VIRGIL 

Ampsancti  valles  ;  densis  hunc  frondibus  atrum    565 
urget  utrimque  latus  nemoris,  medioque  fragosus 
dat  sonitum  saxis  et  torto  vertice  toncns. 
Iiic  specus  horrendum  et  saevi  spiracula  Ditis 
monstrantur,  ruptoque  ingens  Acheronte  vorago 
pestiferas  aperit  fauces^  quis  condit  Erinys  570 

invisum  numeric  terras  caelumque  levabat. 

Nee  minus  interea  extremam  Saturnia  bello 
imponit  regina  manum.     ruit  omnis  in  ui'bem 
pastorum  ex  acie  numerus  caesosque  reportant 
Almonem  puerum  foedatique  ova  Galaesi,  575 

implorantque  deos  obtestanturque  Latinum. 
Turnus  adest  medioque  in  crimine  caedis  et  igni 
terrorem  ingeminat :  Teucros  in  regna  vocari, 
stirpem  admisceri  Phrygiam,  se  limine  pelli. 
turn,  quorum  attonitae  Baccho  nemora  avia  matres  580 
insultant  thiasis  (neque  enim  leve  nomen  Amatae) 
undique  colleeti  coeunt  Martemque  fatigant. 
ilicet  infandum  cuncti  contra  omina  bellum, 
contra  fata  deum,  perverse  numine  poscunt. 
certatim  regis  circumstant  tecta  Latini :  585 

ille  velut  pelagi  rupes  immota  resistit,  mrv 

ut  pelagi  rupes  magno  veniente  fragore, 
quae  sese,  multis  circum  latrantibus  undis, 
mole  tenet ;  scopuli  nequiquam  et  spumea  circum 
saxa  fremunt  laterique  inlisa  refunditur  alga.  590 

verum  ubi  nulla  datur  caecum  exsuperare  {)otestas 
consilium,  et  saevae  nutu  lunonis  eunt  res, 
multa  deos  aurasque  pater  testatus  inanis :  [fmrv 

"frangimur  lieu!  fatis,"  inquit,  '•ferimurque  procella. 

'*'  ampsancti  y .  Ampsacti  3f:  Anifracti  E:  amsancti  b, 
Servius. 

^"i  condit  My,  known  to  Se)-vhts;  condita  R,  commonly  read. 

"»  levavit  E.  »«s  ^^  omitted  M'^V. 

«'»  consilio  MK  *"  testatur  MRy. 

42 


AENEID   BOOK    VII 

many  landsj  the  Vale  of  Ampsanctus.  On  either 
hand  a  forest's  fringe,  dark  with  dense  leafage,  hems 
it  in,  and  in  the  centre  a  roaring  torrent  resounds 
o'er  the  rocks  in  swirling  eddies.  Here  is  shown 
an  awful  cavern,  and  a  breathing-place  of  horrid 
Dis ;  and  a  vast  gorge,  whence  Achei'on  bursts  forth, 
opens  its  pestilential  jaws.  Herein  the  Fury  hid 
lier  loathed  power,  relieving  earth  and  heaven. 

^"2  No  less  meanwhile  does  Saturn's  royal  daughter 
put  a  final  hand  to  the  war.  From  the  battle-field 
there  pours  into  the  city  the  whole  company  of 
shepherds,  bearing  back  the  slain — the  boy  Almo, 
and  Galaesus  with  mangled  face — calling  on  the 
gods  and  adjuring  Latinus.  Turnus  is  there,  and 
amid  the  outcry  at  the  slaughter,  and  fire  of  passion, 
redoubles  terror  :  "  Teucrians  are  called  to  reign  ;  a 
Phrygian  stock  mingles  its  taint ;  I  am  spurned  from 
the  door !  "  Then  they,  whose  mothers,  frenzied  by 
Bacchus,  tread  the  pathless  woods  in  dancing  bands 
(for  of  no  light  weight  is  Amata's  name)  draw 
together  from  every  side,  and  importune  the  \\a.T- 
god.  Straightway,  one  and  all,  despite  the  omens, 
despite  the  oracles  of  gods,  with  will  perverse, 
clamour  for  unholy  war.  With  emulous  zeal  they 
swarm  round  Latinus'  palace.  He,  like  an  unmoved 
ocean-cliff,  resists  ;  like  an  ocean-cliff,  which,  when 
a  great  crash  comes,  stands  steadfast  in  its  bulk 
amid  many  howling  waves ;  in  vain  the  crags  and 
foaming  rocks  roar  about,  and  the  sea-weed,  dashed 
upon  its  sides,  is  whirled  back.  But  when  no  power 
is  given  him  to  quell  their  blind  resolve,  and  all  goes 
as  cruel  Juno  wills,  then  wit!»  many  an  appeal  to 
the  gods  and  the  voiceless  skies,  "  Alas !  "  cries  the 
father,  "  we  are  shattered  by  fate,  and  swept  away 
by  the  storm  !    Ye  yourselves,  my  wretched  children, 

43 


VIRGIL 

ipsi  has  sacrilege  pendetis  sanguine  poenas,  595 

o  miseri.     te,  Turne,  nefas,  te  triste  manebit 

supplicium  votisque  deos  venerabere  seris. 

nam  mihi  parta  quies,  omnisque  in  limine  portus  ; 

funere  felici  spolior."     nee  plura  locutus 

saepsit  se  tectis  rerumque  reliquit  habenas.  600 

Mos  erat  Hesperio  in  Latio,  quern  protinus  urbes 
Albanae  coluere  sacrum,  nunc  maxima  rerum 
Roma  colit,  cum  prima  movent  in  proelia  Martem, 
sive  Getis  inferre  manu  lacrimabile  bellum 
Hyrcanisve  Arabisve  parant,  seu  tendere  ad  Indos  605 
Auroramque  sequi  Parthosque  reposcere  signa : 
sunt  geminae  Belli  portae  (sic  nomine  dicunt), 
religione  sacrae  et  saevi  formidine  Martis ; 
centum  aerei  claudunt  vectes  aeternaque  ferri 
robora,  nee  custos  absistit  limine  lanus.  6lO 

has,  ubi  certa  sedet  patribus  sententia  pugnae, 
ipse  Quirinali  trabea  cinctuque  Gabino  fmr 

insignis  reserat  stridentia  limina  consul, 
ipse  vocat  pugnas  ;  sequitur  tum  cetera  pubes 
aereaque  adsensu  conspirant  cornua  rauco.  dl5 

hoc  et  tum  Aeneadis  indicere  bella  Latinus 
more  iubebatur  tristisque  recludere  portas, 
abstinuit  tactu  pater  aversusque  refugit 
foeda  ministeria,  et  caecis  se  condidit  umbris. 

605  HjTcaniisque  F^.  ^"^  deposcere  R. 

"1  haec  M\  "^  Sabino  F. 

'**  tunc  M.  *^'  adversua  y. 

^  A  much  debated  passage.     The  rendering  given  follows 
Servius,  secm-ilas  omnis  in  promplu  est.    Others  explain  thus  : 
"  for  to  me  rest  is  won,  and  it  is  when  wholl}'  on  the  threshold 
of  life's  haven  that  I  am  robbed  of  a  happy  death  "  (Page). 
44 


AENEID   BOOK    VII 

with  your  impious  blood  shall  pay  the  price  of  this ' 
Thee  Turnus,  thee  the  guilt  and  its  bitter  punish- 
ment shall  await,  and  too  late  with  vows  shalt  thou 
adore  the  gods.  For  me,  my  rest  is  won,  and  my 
haven  is  full  at  hand  ;  'tis  but  of  a  happy  death  I 
am  despoiled.^  "  And  saying  no  more  he  shut  him- 
self in  the  palace,  and  let  drop  the  reins  of  rule. 

^^1  A  custom  there  was  in  Hesperian  Latium, 
which  thenceforth  the  Alban  cities  held  holy,  as 
now  does  Rome,  mistress  of  the  world,  what  time 
they  first  rouse  the  war-god  to  battle,  be  it  Getae 
or  Arabs  or  Hyrcanians  against  whom  their  hands 
prepare  to  carry  tearful  war,  or  to  march  on  India's 
sons  2  and  pursue  the  Dawn,  and  reclaim  their  stand- 
ards from  the  Parthian : — there  are  twin  gates  ^  of 
War  (so  men  call  them),  hallowed  by  religious  awe 
and  the  terrors  of  fierce  Mars  :  a  liundred  brazen 
bolts  close  them,  and  the  eternal  strength  of  iron, 
and  Janus  their  guardian  never  quits  the  threshold. 
Here,  when  the  sentence  of  the  Fathers  is  firmly 
fixed  on  war,  the  Consul,  arrayed  in  Quirinal  robe  ^ 
and  Gabine  cincture,  with  his  own  liand  unbars  the 
grating  portals,  with  his  own  lips  calls  forth  war ; 
then  the  rest  of  the  warriors  take  up  the  cry,  and 
brazen  horns  blare  out  their  hoarse  accord.  With 
such  custom  then,  too,  Latinus  was  bidden  to  pro- 
claim war  on  the  sons  of  Aeneas,  and  to  unclose  the 
grim  gates.  But  the  father  withheld  his  hand, 
shrank  back  from  the  hateful  office,  and  buried  him- 

'  Used  of  the  East  generally. 

'  The  Temple  of  Janus  was  opened  in  time  of  war,  and 
closed  in  peace. 

*  cf.  1.  187  above,  with  note.  The  "Gabine  cincture" 
refers  to  a  special  way  of  wearing  the  toga,  one  part  of 
which  was  folded  round  the  waist,  leaving  the  arm  free. 

45 


VIRGIL 

turn  regina  deum  caelo  delapsa  moiantis  C^O 

impulit  ipsa  manu  portas,  et  cardine  verso 

Belli  ferratos  rumpit  Saturnia  postis. 

ardet  inexcita  Ausonia  atque  immobilis  ante ; 

pars  pedes  ire  parat  campiS;  })ars  arduus  altis 

pulverulentus  equis  furit ;  omnes  arma  requirunt.  625 

pars  levis  clipeos  et  spicula  lucida  tergent 

arvina  pingui  subiguntque  in  cote  securis  ; 

siguaque  ferre  iuvat  sonitusque  audire  tubarum. 

quiiique  adeo  raagnae  positis  incudibus  urbes 

tela  novant,  Atina  potens  Tiburque  superbum,      630 

Ardea  Crustumerique  et  turrigerae  Antemnae. 

tegmina  tuta  cavant  capitum  flectuntque  salignas 

umbonum  cratis  ;  alii  thoracas  aenos 

aut  levis  ocreas  lento  ducunt  argento  ; 

vomeris  hue  et  falcis  honos^  hue  omnis  aratri         635 

cessit  amor ;  recoquunt  patrios  fornacibus  ensis. 

classica  iamque  sonant ;  it  bello  tessera  signum. 

hie  galeam  tectis  trepidus  rapit^  ille  frementis 

ad  iuga  cogit  equos,  clipeumque  auroque  trilicem 

loricam  induitur  fidoque  accingitur  ense.  6 10 

Pandite  nunc  Helicona,  deae,  cantusque  movete, 
qui  bello  exciti  reges,  quae  quemque  secutae 
complerint  campos  acies,  quibus  Itala  iam  turn 
floruerit  terra  alma  viris^  quibus  arserit  armis  :    [fmpr 
et  meministis  enim,  divae,  et  memorare  potestis ; 
ad  nos  vix  tenuis  famae  perlabitur  aura.  64'6 

Primus  init  bellum  Tyrrhenis  asper  ab  oris         mtr 
contemj^tor  divum  Mezentius  agminaque  armat, 

«"  rupit  FR.  6"  iuvant  E :  iubet  M. 

***  rapidus  iP,     trementis  FM^HyK 
•**  monete  P*y*,  hiown  to  Servius. 
46 


AENEID   BOOK    VII 

ielf  in  blind  darkness.  Then  the  queen  of  the  gods^ 
ghding  from  the  sky,  with  her  own  hand  daslied  in 
the  Hngering  doors,  and  on  their  turning  hinges 
Saturn's  daughter  burst  open  the  iron-bound  gates 
of  war.  All  ablaze  is  Ausonia,  erstwhile  sluggish 
and  unmoved.  Some  make  ready  to  march  o'er  the 
plains  afoot,  some,  on  high  steeds  mounted,  storm 
amid  clouds  of  dust :  all  cry  out  for  arms.  Some 
with  rich  fat  burnish  shields  smooth  and  javelins 
bright,  and  whet  axes  on  the  stone  ;  they  joy  to 
bear  the  standards,  and  hear  the  trumpet  call.  Nay, 
five  mighty  cities  set  up  anvils  and  forge  new 
weapons — strong  Atina  and  proud  Tibur,  Ardca  and 
Crustumeri  and  turreted  Antcmnae.  They  hollow 
helms  to  guard  the  head,  and  weave  the  wicker- 
frame  of  shields ;  others  beat  out  brcast})lates  of 
bronze,  or  polished  greaves  from  phant  silver.  To 
this  is  come  all  pride  in  share  and  sickle,  all  passion 
for  the  plough  ;  they^retempcr  in  the  furnace  their 
fathers'  swords.  And  now  the  clarion  sounds;  the 
password  goes  forth,  the  sign  for  war.  One  in  wild 
haste  snatches  a  helm  from  his  home ;  another 
couples  his  snorting  steeds  to  the  yoke,  dons  his 
shield  and  coat  of  mail,  triple-linked  with  gold,  and 
girds  on  his  trusty  sword. 

^**  Now  fling  wide  Helicon,  ye  goddesses,  and  wake 
your  song — what  kings  were  roused  to  war,  what 
hosts,  in  the  train  of  each,  filled  the  plains,  with 
what  manhood  even  then  kindly  Italy  bloomed,  with 
what  arms  ?he  was  aglow ;  for  ye,  divine  ones, 
remember,  and  can  recount ;  to  us  scarcely  is  wafted 
some  scant  breath  of  fame. 

^*'  First,  from  Tuscan  coasts,  fierce  Mezentius, 
scorner  of  the   gods,  enters  the  war  and  arms  his 

47 


VIRGIL 

filius  huic  iuxta  Laiisus,  quo  pulclnior  alter 

non  fuit,  excepto  Laurentis  corpore  Tumi,  650 

Lausus,  equum  domitor  debellatorque  ferarum, 

ducit  Agyllina  nequiquam  ex  urbe  secutos 

mille  viroS;  dignus  patriis  qui  laetior  asset 

imperils  et  cui  pater  baud  Mezentius  esset. 

Post  bos  insignem  palma  pergramina  currum    655 
\  ictoresque  ostentat  equos  satus  Hercule  pulcbro 
pulcher  Aventinus,  cbpeoque  insigne  paternum 
centum  anguis  cinctamque  gerit  serpentibus  Hydram  ; 
colHs  Aventini  silva  quern  Rbea  sacerdos 
furtivum  partu  sub  luminis  edidit  oras,  660 

mixta  deo  muHer,  postquam  Laurentia  victor 
Geryone  exstincto  Tirynthius  attigit  arva, 
Tyrrbenoque  boves  in  flumine  lavit  Hiberas. 
pila  manu  saevosque  gerunt  in  bella  dolones,       mprv 
et  tereti  pugnant  mucrone  veruque  Sabello.  665 

ipse  pedes,  tegimen  torquens  immane  leonis, 
terribiU  impexum  saeta,  cum  dentibus  albis 
indutus  capiti,  sic  regia  tecta  subibat, 
horridus  Herculeoque  umeros  innexus  amictu. 

Turn  gemini  fratres  Tiburtia  moenia  linquunt,  670 
fratris  Tiburti  dictain  cognomine  genteni, 
Catillusque  acerque  Coras,  Argiva  iuventus, 
et  primam  ante  aciem  densa  inter  tela  feruntiir ; 
ceu  duo  nubigenae  cum  vei'tice  montis  ab  alto 
descenduntCentauri,  Homolen  Othrymque  nivalem 
linquentes  cursu  rapido  ;  dat  euntibus  ingens         676 
silva  locum  et  magno  cedunt  virgulta  fragore. 

Nee  Praenestinae  fundator  defuit  urbis, 
Volcano  genitum  pecora  inter  agrestia  regem 

"9  Imnc  3P:  "4  Medientius  P. 

^^5  palinam  U.  '^'  innixus  PR. 

*'^  de  nomine  P.  •'»  discendunt  M.     nivali  F. 

"*  liquentes  E. 

*"  et  xoritUn  above  in  P.     caedunt  if.       "^  deficit  11. 
4-8 


AENEID    BOOK    VII 

array.  At  his  side,  goodliest  of  form  save  Laurentine 
FurnuSj  is  his  son  Lausus, — Lausus,  tamer  of  steeds 
and  vanquisher  of  beasts.  From  Agylla's  town  he 
)eads  a  thousand  men,  that  followed  him  in  vain;^ 
one  worthy  to  be  happier  in  a  father's  rule,  and  to 
have  other  than  Mezentius  for  sire  ! 

^^5  Next  to  these,  Aventinus,  beauteous  son  of 
beauteous  Hercules,  displays  on  the  sward  his  palm- 
crowned  chariot  and  victorious  steeds,  and  on  his 
shield  bears  his  father's  device — a  hundred  snakes 
and  the  Hydra,  girt  with  serpents.  Him,  in  the 
wood  of  the  Aventine  hill,  Rhea  the  priestess  brought 
in  secret  birth  up  into  the  borders  of  light — a  woman 
mated  with  a  god — when  the  Tirynthian  victor, 
having  slain  Geryon,  reached  the  Laurentian  fields 
and  bathed  his  Iberian  kine  in  the  Tuscan  stream. ^ 
In  their  hands  the  men  carry  to  battle  javelins  and 
grim  pikes,  and  fight  with  the  taj)ering  sword  and 
Sabellian  dart.  Himself,  he  went  on  foot,  swinging 
a  huge  lion's  skin,  unkempt  with  terrifying  mane,  its 
white  teeth  crowning  his  head  ;  in  such  guise  he 
entered  the  royal  halls,  shaggy-rough,  his  shoulders 
enveloped  in  the  garb  of  Hercules. 

^"^^  Next  twin  brethren  leave  the  walls  of  Tibur, 
and  the  folk  called  from  the  name  of  their  brother 
Tiburtus — Catillus  and  brave  Coras,  Argive  youths. 
On  they  come  in  the  front  ranks  amid  the  thronging 
spears,  as  when  two  cloud-born  Centaurs  descend 
from  a  mountain's  high  peak,  leaving  Homole  or 
snowy  Othrys  in  swiit  course ;  the  mighty  forest 
yields  place  as  they  go,  and  the  thickets  give  way 
with  loud  crash. 

678  ^Qj.  yj,as  the  founder  of  Praeneste's  city  absent, 

— Caeculus,  the  king  who,  as  every  age  has  believed, 

1  Because  they  could  not  nave  him  from  his  fate. 
*  The  Tiber. 

49 

VOL.  U.  E 


VIRGIL 

inventumque  focis  omnis  quern  credidit  aetas,       680 
Caeculus.     hunc  legio  late  comitatur  agrestis, 
quique  altum  Praeneste  viri  quique  arva  Gabinae 
Iimonis  gelidumque  Anienem  et  roscida  rivis 
Hernica  saxa  colunt,  quos  dives  Anagnia  pascit, 
quos,  Amasene  pater,     non  illis  omnibus  arma,     685 
nee  clipei  currusve  sonant ;  pars  maxima  glandes 
liventis  plumbi  spargit,  pars  spicula  gestat 
bina  manu,  fulvosque  lupi  de  pelle  galeros 
tegmen  liabent  capiti ;  vestigia  nuda  sinistri 
instituere  pedis^  crudus  tegit  altera  pei'o.  mpi? 

At  Messapus,  equum  domitor,  Neptunia  proles,  69] 
quem  neque  fas  igni  cuiquam  nee  sternere  ferro, 
iam  pridem  resides  populos  desuetaque  bello 
agmina  in  arma  vocat  subito  ferrumque  retractat. 
hi  Fescenninas  acies  Aequosque  Faliscos,  695 

hi  Soractis  habent  arces  Flaviniaque  arva 
et  Cimini  cum  monte  lacura  lucosque  Capenos. 
ibant  aequati  numero  rcgemque  canebant : 
ceu  quondam  nivei  liquida  inter  nubila  cj'cni, 
cum  sese  e  pastu  referunt  et  longa  canoros  700 

dant  per  colla  modos  ;  sonat  amnis  et  Asia  longe 
pulsa  pal  us. 

nee  quisquam  aeratas  acies  ex  agmine  tanto 
misccri  putet_,  aeriam  sed  gurgite  ab  alto 
urgeri  volucrum  raucarum  ad  litora  nubem.  705 

Ecce  Sabinorum  prisco  de  sanguine  magnum 
agmen  agens  Clausus  magnique  ipse  agminis  instar, 


'^^  late  legio  M.  "^^^  currusque  R. 

*^^  tesjmina  Fy'^.  capitis  JiP.       ^^"  pedes  HP. 

«-«  Flaminia  F\  «"  flumina  Py\ 
50 


AENEID   BOOK    VII 

was  born  to  Vulcan  among  the  rural  herds,  and 
found  upon  the  hearth.  Him.  in  loose  array,  a  rustic 
legion  attends :  they  who  dwell  in  steep  Praeneste, 
and  the  fields  of  Gabine  Juno,  by  the  cold  Anio 
and  the  llernican  rocks  with  their  dewy  streams; 
they  whom  rich  Anagnia  nurtures,  and  thou,  father 
Amasenus.  Not  all  of  these  have  armour,  or  shields, 
or  sounding  chariots.  The  most  part  shower  bullets 
of  livid  lead  ;  part  wield  in  the  hand  two  darts,  and 
have  for  head-gear  tawny  caps  of  wolf-skin.  Bare  is 
the  left  foot  as  they  plant  their  steps  ;  a  boot  of  raw'- 
hide  shields  the  other. 

f'^^  But  Mcssapus,  tamer  of  horses,  the  seed  of 
Neptune,  whom  none  may  lay  low  with  fire  or  steel, 
suddenly  calls  to  arms  tribes  long  inert  and  bands 
unused  to  war,  and  again  grasps  the  SAvord.  These 
hold  the  ranks  of  Fescennium  and  of  Aequi  Falisci  ; 
these  Soracte's  heights  and  Flavinian  fields,  Ciminus' 
lake  and  hill  and  the  groves  of  Capena.  In  measured 
time  they  maixhed  and  sang  their  king :  as  ofttimes 
snowy  swans  amid  the  moist  clouds,  when  they 
return  from  feeding,  and  from  their  long  throats 
utter  their  tuneful  strains ;  afar  the  river  echoes, 
and  the  smitten  Asian  mead.'  Nor  would  one  think 
that  mail-clad  ranks  were  massed  in  that  vast  array, 
but  that  high  in  air,  a  cloud  of  hoarse-voiced  birds 
was  pressing  shoreward  from  the  deep  gulf. 

^^^  Lo  !  Clausus,-  of  the  ancient  Sabine  blood,  lead- 
ing a  mighty  host,  and  equal  to  a  mighty  host  himself; 

^  Referring  to  the  valley  of  the  Ca3'ster  in  Lj'clia. 

'  c/.  Livy,  II.  16,  where  we  learn  that  tlie  Claudian  tribe 
was  founded  byAttus  Claiisus,  who  seceded  from  the  Sabines 
in  506  B.C.  and  was  received  as  a  citizen  in  Rome.  Virgil, 
however,  refers  the  founding  of  the  Claudian  gens  to  the 
earlier  day  wlien  Romulus  formed  a  treaty  v.'ith  the  Sabines 
under  T.  Tatiua. 

51 


VIRGIL 

Claudia  nunc  a  quo  diffunditur  et  tribus  et  gens 
per  Latium,  postquam  in  partem  data  Roma  Sabinis. 
una  ingens  Amiterna  cohors  priscique  Quirites,     710 
Ereti  manus  omnis  oliviferaeque  Mutuscae, 
qui  Nomentum  urbem,  qui  Rosea  rura  Velini, 
qui  Tetricae  horrentis  rupes  montemque  Severum 
Casperiamque  colunt  Forulosque  et  flumen  Himellae, 
qui  Tiberim  Fabarimque  bibunt,  quos  frigida  misit  7 1 5 
Nursia  et  Ortinae  classes  populique  Latini, 
quosque  secans  infaustum  interluit  Allia  nomen  : 
quam  multi  Libyco  volvuntur  marmore  fluctus, 
saevus  ubi  Orion  hibernis  conditur  undis, 
vel  cum  sole  novo  densae  torrentur  aristae  720 

aut  Hermi  campo  aut  Lyciae  flaventibus  arvis. 
scuta  sonant  pulsuque  pedum  conterrita  tellus. 

Hinc  Agamemnonius,  Troiani  nominis  hostis, 
curru  iungit  Halaesus  equos  Turnoque  ferocis 
mille  rapit  populos,  vertunt  felicia  Baccho  725 

Massica  qui  rastris,  et  quos  de  coUibus  altis 
Aurunci  misere  patres  Sidicinaque  iuxta 
aequora,  quique  Cales  linquunt,  amnisque  vadosi 
accola  Volturni,  pariterque  Saticulus  asper 
Oscorumque  manus.     teretes  sunt  aclydes  illis      730 
tela,  sed  haec  lento  mos  est  aptare  flagello ; 
laevas  cetra  tegit,  falcati  comminus  enses. 

Nee  tu  carminibus  nostris  indictus  abibis, 
Oebale,  quem  generasse  Telon  Sebethide  nympha 
fertur,  Teleboum  Capreas  cum  regna  teneret,        735 
iam  senior ;  patriis  sed  non  et  filius  arvis 

"*  e  quo  iP.     ingens  M.  "'  Rosa  M:  Roscia  P^y, 

'"  amnem  Py\         '"  Fabarum  P^B.         '"  cursu  M. 
"*  veniunt  R.  '*'  senes  M*.  ^"  armis  R. 

52 


AENEID   BOOK   VII 

from  whom  now  is  spread  through  Latium  the  Claudian 
tribe  and  clan^  since  Rome  was  shared  with  the 
Sabines.  With  him  came  Amiternum's  vast  cohort, 
and  the  ancient  Quirites,^  the  whole  band  of  Eretum 
and  olive-bearing  Mutusca ;  they  who  dwell  in 
Nomentum's  city  and  the  Rosean  country  by  Velinus, 
on  Tetrica's  rugged  crags  and  Mount  Severus,  in 
Casperia  and  Foruli,  and  by  Himella's  stream ;  they 
who  drink  of  Tiber  and  Fabaris,  they  whom  cold 
Nursia  sent,  the  Ortine  squadrons,  the  Latin  peoples, 
and  they  whom  Allia,  ill-boding  name,  severs  with  its 
flood  ;  as  many  as  the  waves  that  roll  on  the  Libyan 
main,  when  fierce  Orion  sinks  in  the  wintry  waves ; 
or  thick  as  the  corn-ears  that  are  scorched  by  the 
early  sun  in  the  plain  of  Hermus  or  the  yellow  fields 
of  Lycia.  The  bucklers  clang,  and  the  earth  trembles 
under  the  tramping  feet. 

^23  Next,  Agamemnon's  son,  foe  of  the  Trojan  name, 
Halaesus,  yokes  his  steeds  to  the  car,  and  in  Turnus' 
cause  sweeps  along  a  thousand  warlike  tribes,  men 
who  turn  with  mattocks  the  wine-rich  Massic  lands  ; 
whom  Auruncan  sires  sent  from  their  high  hills,  and 
the  Sidicine  plains  hard  by  ;  those  who  leave  Cales, 
and  the  dweller  by  Volturnus'  sliallow  river,  and  by 
their  side  the  rough  Saticulan  and  the  Oscan  bands. 
Shapely  javelins  are  their  weapons,  but  these  it  is 
their  wont  to  fit  with  a  pliant  thong.  A  targe 
shields  their  left  side  ;  for  close  combat  are  their 
curved  swords. 

733  Nor  shalt  thou,  Oebalus,  pass  unhonoured  in  our 
songs — thou  whom,  'tis  said,  the  nymph  Sebelhis  bare 
to  Telon,  when  he  reigned  o'er  Teleboan  Capreae, 
now  stricken   in  years ;    but,  not   content  with    his 

^  The  iah&bilaQts  of  Curca, 


VIRGIL 

contentus  late  iam  turn  dicione  tenebat 
Sarrastis  populos  et  quae  rigat  aequora  Samus, 
quique    Rufras    Batulumque  tenent   atque   arva 

Celemnae, 
et  quos  maliferae  despectant  moenia  Abellae,        740 
Teutonico  ritu  soliti  torquere  cateias  ; 
tegmina  quis  capitum  raptus  de  subere  cortex, 
aerataeque  micant  peltae,  micat  aereus  ensis. 

Et  te  montosae  misere  in  proelia  Nersae, 
Ufens,  insignem  faina  et  felicibus  armis  ;  74r) 

horrida  praecipue  cui  gens  adsuetaque  multo 
venatu  nemorunij  duris  Aequicula  glaebis. 
armati  terram  exercent  semperque  recentis 
convectare  iuvat  praedas  et  vivere  rapto. 

Quin  et  Marruvia  venit  de  gente  sacerdos,         750 
fronde  super  galeam  et  felici  comptus  oliva, 
Archippi  regis  missu,  fortissimus  Umbro, 
vipereo  generi  et  graviter  spirantibus  hydris 
spargere  qui  soninos  cantuque  manuque  solebat, 
mulcebatque  iras  et  morsus  arte  levabat.  755 

sed  non  Dai'daniae  medicari  cuspidis  ictum 
evaluit  neque  eum  iuvere  in  volnere  cantus 
somniferi  et  Marsis  quaesitae  montibus  Iierbae. 
te  nemus  Angitiae,  vitrea  te  Fucinus  unda, 
te  liquidi  flevere  lacus.  760 

Ibat  et  Hippolyti  proles  pulcherrima  bello, 
Virbius,  insignem  quern  mater  Aricia  misit, 
eductum  Egeriae  lucis  umentia  circum 

'*'  premebat  R.  '**  qua  H. 

'*"  Bellae  MSS.,  Servius,  who  however  mentions  the  reading 
Abellae. 

'"  feras  P.         '»'  in]  ad  Ml         '"  in  montibus  AH. 

5^ 


AENEID   BOOK    VII 

ancestral  fields,  his  son  even  then  held  in  his  sway 
far  and  wide  the  Sarrastian  tribes,  and  the  plains 
watered  by  Sarnus,  those  who  dwell  in  Rufrae  and 
Batulum  and  Celemna's  fields,  and  those  on  whom 
look  down  the  battlements  of  Abella,  rich  in  apples. 
In  Teuton  fashion  these  were  wont  to  hurl  their 
darts  ;^  their  head-gear  was  bark  stripped  from  the 
cork-tree  ;  bronze  flashes  on  their  shields,  flashes  with 
bronze  their  sword. 

"•**  Thee,  too,  Ufens,  mountainous  Nersae  sent 
forth  to  battle,  of  noble  fame  and  success  in  arms — 
whose  clan,  on  the  rough  Aequian  clods,  was  rugged 
above  all  others,  and  inured  to  hard  hunting  in  the 
woods.  In  arms  they  till  tlie  earth,  and  'tis  ever 
their  joy  to  bear  away  fresh  booty,  and  to  live  on 
plunder. 

^^*'  Yea,  and  from  the  Marruvian  race,  sent  by 
King  Archippus,  there  came  a  priest,  his  helm 
decked  with  leaves  of  the  fruitful  olive,  most 
valiant  Umbro,  Avho  with  charm  and  touch  was  wont 
to  shed  slumber  on  the  viperous  brood  and  water- 
snakes  of  baneful  breath,  soothing  their  wrath  and 
curing  their  bites  by  his  skill. ^  Yet  he  availed  not 
to  heal  the  stroke  of  the  Dardan  spear-point,  nor 
against  wounds  did  slumbrous  charms  aid  him,  or 
herbs  culled  on  Marsian  hills.  Tiiee  Angitia's 
grove  wept,  thee  Fucinus'  glassy  wave,  thee  the 
limpid  lakes ! 

^•^1  Likewise  went  to  war  Ilippolytus*  son,  Virbius, 
most  fair,  whom  his  mother  Aricia  sent  forth  in  his 
glory.     In  Egeria's  groves  was  he  reared  roimd  the 

1  The  cateia  is  an  unknown  weapon,  probably  a  dart,, 
similar  to  one  used  by  the  wild  German  tribes. 

*  The  iMaraianB  were  skilled  in  magic  and  incantation?, 

55 


VIRGIL 

litora,  pinguis  ubi  et  placabilis  ara  Dianae. 
namque  ferunt  fama  Hippolytum,  postquam  arte 

novercae  765 

Occident  patriasque  explerit  sanguine  poenas 
turbatis  distractus  equis,  ad  sidera  rursus 
aetheria  et  superas  caeli  venisse  sub  auras, 
Paeoniis  revocatum  herbis  et  amore  Dianae. 
turn  pater  onmipotens,  aliquem  indignatus  ab  umbris 
mortalem  infernis  ad  hiinina  surgere  vitae,  771 

ipse  repertorem  medicinae  talis  et  artis 
fulmine  Phoebigenam  Stygias  detrusit  ad  undas. 
at  Trivia  Hippolytum  secretis  alma  recondit 
sedibus  et  nymphae  Egeriae  nemorique  relegat,    775 
solus  ubi  in  silvis  Italis  ignobilis  aevum 
exigeret  versoque  ubi  nomine  Virbius  esset. 
unde  etiam  temple  Triviae  lucisque  sacratis 
cornipedes  arcentur  equi,  quod  litore  currum 
et  iuvenem  monstris  pavidi  effudere  marinis.  780 

filius  ardentis  baud  setius  aequore  campi 
exercebat  equos  curruque  in  bella  ruebat. 

Ipse  inter  primos  praestanti  corpore  Turnus 
vertitur  arnia  tenens  et  toto  vertice  supra  est. 
cui  triplici  ci'inita  iuba  galea  alta  Chimaeram  785 

sustinet^  Aetnaeos  efflantem  faucibus  ignis  ; 
tarn  magis  ilia  fremens  et  tristibus  eflera  flammis 
quam  magis  effuse  crudescunt  sanguine  pugnae. 
at  levem  clipeum  sublatis  cornibus  lo 
auro  insignibat,  iam  saetis  obsita,  iam  bos,  790 

(argumentum  ingens),  et  custos  virginis  Argus 

'^^*  Paeonis  ^P^. 

"'  Poenigeuam  MR.     ad]  in  -y*.     undia  P\ 
"«  ibi  if.  "0  insignitam  E. 

56 


AENEID   BOOK   VII 

marshy  shores,  where  stands  Diana's  altar,  rich  and 
gracious.  For  they  tell  how  that  Hippolytus,  when 
he  fell  by  his  stepdame's  craft,  and  slaked  a  sire's 
vengeance  in  blood,  torn  asunder  by  frightened 
steeds — came  again  to  the  starry  firmament  and 
heaven's  upper  air,  recalled  by  the  Healer's  herbs 
and  Diana's  love.  Then  the  Father  omnipotent, 
wroth  that  any  mortal  should  rise  from  the  nether 
shades  to  the  light  of  life,  himself  with  his  thunder 
hurled  down  to  the  Stygian  waters  the  finder  of 
such  healing-craft,  the  Phoebus-born.^  But  Trivia, 
kindly  goddess,  hides  Hippolytus  in  a  secret  dwell- 
ing, and  sends  him  away  to  the  nymph  Egeria  and 
her  grove,  that  there  alone,  amid  Italian  woods,  he 
might  live  out  his  inglorious  days,  and  take  the 
altered  name  of  Virbius.  Hence,  too,  hoofed  horses 
are  kept  far  from  Trivia's  temple  and  hallowed 
groves,  for  that  they,  affrighted  by  ocean-monsters, 
strewed  chariot  and  youth  along  the  shore.  None 
the  less,  his  son  was  driving  his  fiery  steeds  on  the 
level  plain,  and  speeding  charioted  to  war. 

^^2  Himself  too,  amid  the  foremost,  moves  Tumus, 
of  wondrous  frame,  holding  sword  in  hand,  and  by 
a  whole  head  o'ertopping  all.  His  lofty  helmet, 
crested  with  triple  plume,  upbears  a  Chimaera, 
breathing  from  her  jaws  Aetnean  fires,  lo !  raging 
the  more,  and  tlie  madder  with  baleful  flames,  the 
more  blood  is  outpoured  and  the  fiercer  waxes  the 
fight.  But,  on  his  polished  shield,  lo  with  uplifted 
horns  was  emblazoned  in  gold,^ — lo,  wondrous  device, 
already  o'ergrown  with  bristles,  already  a  heifer, — 
and  Argus  the  maiden's  warder,  and  father  Inachus 

*  Aesculapius,  son  of  Apollo  (the  Healer). 

*  A  figure  of  lo,  wrought  in  gold,  formed  the  device  on  the 
iron  shield. 

67 


VIRGIL 

caelataque  amnem  fundens  pater  Inachus  urna. 
insequitur  nimbus  peditum  clipeataque  totis 
agmina  densentur  campis,  Argivaque  pubes 
Auruncaeque  manus,  Riituli  veteresque  Sicani       79-^ 
et  Sacranae  acies  et  picli  scuta  Labici ; 
qui  saltus,  Tiberine,  tuos  sacrumque  Numici 
litus  arant  Rutulosque  exercent  vomere  collis 
Circaeumque  iugum^  quis  luppiter  Anxurus  arvis 
praesidet  et  viridi  gaudens  Feronia  luco ;  800 

qua  Satarae  iacet  atra  palus  gelidusque  per  imas 
quaerit  iter  vallis  atque  in  mare  conditiir  Ufciis. 

Hos  super  advenit  Volsca  de  gente  Camilla, 
agmen  agens  equitum  et  florentis  aere  catervas, 
bellatrix,  non  ilia  colo  calathisve  Minervae  805 

femineas  adsueta  manus,  sed  proelia  virgo 
dura  pati  cursuque  pedum  praevertere  ventos. 
ilia  vel  intactae  segetis  per  summa  volaret 
gramina  nee  teneras  cursu  laesisset  aristas, 
vel  mare  per  medium  fluctu  suspensa  tumenti        810 
ferret  iter  celeris  nee  tingueret  aequore  plantas. 
illam  omnis  tectis  agrisque  effusa  iuventus 
turbaque  miratur  matrum  et  prospectat  euntem, 
attonitis  inhians  animis,  ut  regius  ostro 
velet  lionos  levis  umeros,  ut  fibula  crinem  8 1 5 

auro  internectatj  Lyciam  ut  gerat  ipsa  pharetram 
et  pastoralera  praefixa  cuspide  myrtum. 

*'*  iuhians]  haesere  Py^,  c/.  529. 


58 


AENEID   BOOK    VII 

pouring  his  stream  from  an  embossed  urn.^  Behind 
him  comes  a  cloud  of  infantry,  and  shielded  columns 
throng  all  the  plain,  Argive  manhood  and  Auruncan 
bands,  Rutulians  and  old  Sicanians,  the  Sacranian 
lines  and  Labicians  with  painted  bucklers ;  they  who 
till  thy  glades,  O  Tiber,  and  Numicius'  sacred  shore, 
whose  ploughshare  moves  the  Rutulian  hills  and 
Circe's  ridge  '^ ;  o'er  whose  fields  Jupiter  of  Anxur 
reigns,  and  Feronia  rejoicing  in  her  greenwood  ; 
where  lies  Satura's  black  marsh,  and  cold  Ufens 
winds  his  way  through  the  valley-depths  and  sinks 
into  the  sea. 

^**3  To  crown  the  array  comes  Camilla,  of  Volscian 
race,  leading  her  troop  of  horse,  and  squadrons  gay 
with  brass, — a  warrior-maid,  never  having  trained 
her  woman's  hands  to  Minerva's  distaff  or  basket  of 
wool,  but  hardy  to  bear  the  battle-brunt  and  in 
speed  of  foot  to  outstrip  the  winds.  She  might 
have  flown  o'er  the  topmost  blades  of  unmown  corn, 
nor  in  her  course  bruised  the  tender  ears ;  or  sped 
her  way  o'er  mid  sea,  poised  above  the  swelling 
wave,  nor  dipped  her  swift  feet  in  the  flood.  All 
the  youth,  streaming  from  house  and  field,  and 
thronging  matrons  marvel,  and  gaze  at  her  as  she 
.goes ;  agape  with  wonder  how  the  glory  of  royal 
purple  drapes  her  smooth  shoulders  ;  how  the  clasp 
entwines  her  hair  with  gold ;  how  her  own  hands 
bear  a  Lycian  quiver  and  the  pastoral  myrtle  tipped 
with  steel. 

'  The  river  Inachus  is  represented  by  a  figure  of  the  river- 
god,  pouring  water  from  an  urn.  ^  c/.  10  above. 


59 


LIBER   VIII 

Ut  belli  signum  Laurenti  Turnus  ab  arce  mpr 

extulit  et  rauco  strepuerunt  cornua  cantu, 
utque  acris  concussit  equos  utque  impulit  arma, 
extemplo  turbati  animi,  simul  omne  tumultu 
coniurat  trepido  Latiiim  saevitque  inventus  5 

effera.     ductores  primi  Messapus  et  Ufens 
eontemptorque  deum  Mezentius  undique  cogunt 
auxilia  et  latos  vastant  cultoribus  agros. 
mittitur  et  magni  Venulus  Diomedis  ad  urbem, 
qui  petat  auxilium,  et  Latio  consistere  Teucros,       10 
advectum  Aenean  classi  victosque  Penatis 
inferre  et  fatis  regem  se  dicere  posci 
edoceat,  multasque  viro  se  adiungere  gentis 
Dardanio  et  late  Latio  increbrescere  nomen.       [mprv 
quid  struat  his  coeptis,  quem,  si  Fortuna  sequatur, 
eventum  pugnae  cupiat,  manifestius  ipsi  l6 

quam  Turno  regi  aut  regi  apparere  Latino. 

Talia  per  Latium.     quae  Laomedontius  heros 
cuncta  videns  magno  curai-um  fluctuat  aestu 
atque  animum  nunc  hue  celerem,  nunc  dividit  illuc    20 
in  partisque  rapit  varias  perque  omnia  versat : 

'  sonuerunt  P'.  "^  cousidere  P*y, 

M  21  =,v.  285,  286, 

60 


BOOK   VIII 

Soon  as  Turnus  raised  up  the  flag  of  war  from 
Laurentum's  citadel^  and  the  horns  rang  with  their 
hoarse  notes,  soon  as  he  roused  his  fiery  steeds  and 
clashed  his  arms,  straightway  men's  hearts  were 
troubled ;  all  Latium  at  once  is  leagued  in  startled 
uprising,  and  her  sons  rage  madly.  The  chief  cap- 
tains, Messapus  and  Ufens,  with  Mezentius,  scorner 
of  the  gods,  from  all  sides  muster  forces  and  strip 
the  wide  fields  of  husbandmen.  Venulus  too  is  sent 
to  mighty  Diomede's  city^  to  seek  aid,  and  announce 
that  Teucrians  set  foot  in  Latium  ;  that  Aeneas  is 
come  with  his  fleet,  bringing  to  them  his  vanquished 
gods,  and  proclaiming  himself  a  king  summoned  by 
Fate  ;  that  many  tribes  are  joining  the  Dardan  hero 
and  his  name  spreads  far  and  wide  in  Latium. 
What  end  he  compasses  with  these  beginnings,  what 
outcome  of  the  feud  he  craves,  should  Fortune  attend 
him,  would  be  more  clearly  seen  by  Diomede's  self 
than  by  King  Turnus  or  King  Latinus.^ 

^^  Thus  it  was  throughout  Latium.  And  the  hero 
of  Laomedon's  line,  seeing  it  all,  tosses  on  a  mighty 
sea  of  troubles ;  and  now  hither,  now  thither  he 
swiftly  throws  his  mind,  casting  it  in  diverse  ways, 
and  turning  it  to  every  shift ;  ^  as  when  in  brazen 

•  Argyripa  or  Arpi,  in  Apulia. 

'  Knowing  the  Trojans  as  he  did,  Diomede  could  judge 
best  as  to  their  plans  and  aspirations. 
»  c/.  Atn.  rv.  285,  286.  gj 


VIRGIL 

sicut  aquae  tremulum  labris  ubi  lumen  aenis 
sole  repercussum  aut  radiantis  imagine  liinae 
omnia  pervolitat  late  loca  ianique  sub  auras 
crigitur  summique  ferit  laquearia  tecti.  25 

Nox  erat  et  terras  animalia  fessa  per  omnis 
alituum  pecudamque  genus  sopor  altus  habebat, 
cum  pater  in  ripa  gelidique  sub  aetheris  axe 
Aeneas,  tristi  turbatus  pectora  bello, 
procubuit  seramque  dedit  per  membra  quietem.      30 
huic  deus  ipse  loci  fluvio  Tiberinus  amoeno 
populeas  inter  senior  se  attollere  frondes 
visus  (eum  tenuis  glauco  velabat  amictu 
carbasus  et  crinis  umbrosa  tegebat  liarundo), 
turn  sic  adfari  et  curas  his  dcmere  dictis  :  3i} 

"  O  sate  gente  deum,  Troianam  ex  hostibiis  urbem 
qui  revehis  nobis  aeternaque  Pergama  servas, 
exspectate  solo  Laurcnti  arvisque  Latinis, 
hie  tibi  certa  domuSj  certi  (ne  absiste)  Penates ; 
neu  belli  terrere  minis  ;  tumor  omnis  et  irae  mpr 

concessere  deum.  41 

iamque  tibi,  ne  vana  putes  haec  fingere  somnum, 
litoreis  ingens  inventa  sub  ilicibus  sus 
triginta  capitum  fetus  enixa  iacebit, 
all)a,  solo  recubans,  albi  circum  ubera  nati.  45 

[hie  locus  urbis  erit,  requies  ea  certa  laborum.] 
ex  quo  ter  denis  urbem  redeuntibus  annis 
Ascanius  clari  condet  cognominis  Albam. 
haud  incerta  cano.     nunc  qua  ratione  quod  instat 
expedias  victor,  paucis,  adverte,  docebo.  50 

Arcades  his  oris,  genus  a  Pallante  profectum, 
qui  regem  Euandrum  comites,  qui  signa  secuti, 
delegere  locum  et  posuere  in  montibus  urbem 

"  pectore  JP.  """  =  ill.  390-393. 

*^  oinilltd  by  MPy^a^,  not  noticed  by  Senilis. 

"0  expediam  M-F^yK 
62 


AENEID    BOOK    VIII 

bowls  a  flickering  light  from  water,  flung  back  by  the 
sun  or  the  moon's  glittering  fornij  flits  far  and  wide 
o'er  all  things,  and  now  mounts  high  and  smites  the 
fretted  ceiling  of  the  roof  aloft. 

28  It  was  night,  and  over  all  lands  deep  sleep  held 
wearied  creatures,  birds  and  beasts  alike,  when  father 
Aeneas,  his  heart  troubled  by  Avoeful  war,  stretched 
him  on  the  bank  under  the  sky's  chill  cope,  and  lei 
late  sleep  steal  over  his  limbs.  Before  him  the  very 
god  of  tlie  place,  Tiberinus  of  the  pleasant  stream, 
seemed  to  raise  his  aged  head  amid  the  poplar  leaves  ; 
thin  lawn  draped  him  in  mantle  of  grey,  and  shady 
reeds  crowned  his  hair.  Then  thus  he  spake  to  him. 
and  with  these  words  took  away  his  cares : 

"^  "  O  seed  of  a  race  divine,  thou  who  from  foemen's 
hands  bringest  back  to  us  our  Trojan  city,^  and 
preservest  her  towers  for  ever,  thou  long  looked  for 
on  Laurenline  ground  and  Latin  fields,  here  thy 
home  is  sure — draw  not  back^ — and  sure  are  thy  gods  ! 
Nor  be  scared  by  threats  of  war ;  all  the  swelling 
wrath  of  Heaven  has  abated.  Even  now,  lest  thou 
deem  these  words  the  idle  feigning  of  sleep,  th.ou  shalt 
find  a  huge  sow  lying  under  the  oaks  on  the  shore, 
just  delivered  of  a  litter  of  thirty  young,  the  mother 
reclining  on  the  ground  white — white,  too,  the  young 
about  her  teals.  By  this  token  in  tliirty  revolving 
years  shall  Ascanius  found  a  city.  Alba  of  glorious 
name.  Not  doubtful  is  my  prophecy.  Now  on  what 
wise  thou  mayest  make  thy  triumphant  way  through 
this  present  ill,  in  few  words — pay  thou  liecd — I  will 
explain.  On  these  coasts  Arcadians,  a  race  sprung 
from  Pallas,  who  were  the  company  of  King  Evander 
and  followed  his  banner,  have  chosen  a  site  and  set 
their  city  on   the  hills,  from  their  forefather  Pallas 

*  Dardanus  came  from  Italy. 

•^  63 


VIRGIL 

Pallantis  proavi  de  nomine  Pallanteum. 
hi  bellum  adsidue  ducunt  cum  gente  Latina  ;  65 

hos  castris  adhibe  socios  et  foedera  iunge. 
ipse  ego  te  ripis  et  recto  flumine  ducam, 
adversum  remis  superes  subvectus  ut  amnera, 
surge  age,  nate  dea,  primisque  cadentibus  astris 
lunoni  far  rite  preces  iramque  minasque  60 

supplicibus  supera  votis.     milii  victor  honorem 
persolves.     ego  sum,  pleno  quem  flumine  cernis 
stringentem  ripas  et  pinguia  culta  secantem, 
caeruleus  Thybris,  caelo  gratissimus  amnis. 
hie  mihi  magna  domus,  celsis  caput  urbibus  exit."     65 

Dixit^  deinde  lacu  fluvius  se  condidit  alto, 
ima  petens  ;  nox  Aenean  somnusque  reliquit. 
surgit  et  aetherii  spectans  orientia  solis 
lumina  rite  cavis  undam  de  flumine  palmis 
sustinet  ac  talis  effundit  ad  aethera  voces :  70 

"  Nymphae,  Laurentes  Nymphae,  genus  amnibus 

unde  est  fmpr 

tuque,  o  Thybri  tuo  genitor  cum  flumine  sancto, 
accipite  Aenean  et  tandem  arcete  periclis. 
quo  te  cumque  lacus  miserantem  incommoda  nostra 
fonte  tenet,  quocumque  solo  pulcherrimus  exis,       75 
semper  honore  meo,  semper  celebrabere  donis, 
corniger  Hesperidum  fluvius  regnator  aquarum. 
adsis  o  tantum  et  propius  tua  numina  firmes." 
sic  memorat,  geminasque  legit  de  classe  biremis 
remigioque  aptat,  socios  simul  instruit  armis.  80 

^^  foedere  Py,  known  to  Servius. 

^'  pinguia]  singula  AP.  *°  magna]  certa  Py\ 

*'  relinquit  R.  "  tenent  FE. 

'*  proprius  P*,  known  to  Serviiis. 
64 


AENEID   BOOK    VIII 

called  Pallanteum.  These  wage  war  ceaselessly  with 
the  Latin  race ;  these  do  thou  take  to  thy  camp  as 
allies,  and  join  with  them  in  league.  I  myself  will 
guide  thee  along  the  banks  straight  up  the  stream, 
that  so,  impelled  by  thy  oars,  thou  maj^est  o'ercome 
the  opposing  current.  Up,  arise,  goddess-born,  and,  as 
the  stars  first  set,  duly  offer  prayers  to  Juno,  and  with 
suppliant  vows  vanquish  her  wrath  and  her  threats. 
To  me  thou  shalt  pay  thy  tribute  when  victorious. 
I  am  he  whom  thou  seest  laving  my  banks  with  full 
flood  and  cleaving  the  rich  tilth,^the  blue  Tiber, 
river  best  beloved  of  Heaven.  Here  is  my  stately 
home  ;  from  lofty  cities  flows  my  fountain-head.^  " 

^*'  So  spake  the  River,  then  plunged  into  his  deep 
pool,  seeking  the  lowest  parts ;  night  and  sleep  left 
Aeneas.  He  arises,  and  gazing  on  the  eastern  beams 
of  the  celestial  sun,  in  due  form  uplifts  water  from 
the  stream  in  his  hollow  palms,  and  pours  forth  to 
Heaven  this  prayer :  "  Ye  Nymphs,  Laurentine 
Nymphs,  from  v.hom  rivers  have  tlieir  being,  and 
thou,  O  father  Tiber,  thou  and  thy  hallowed  stream — 
receive  Aeneas,  and  at  last  shield  him  from  perils. 
In  whatsoever  springs  thy  pools  contain  thee,  who 
pitiest  our  travails,  from  whatsoever  soil  thou  flowest 
forth  in  all  thy  beauty,  ever  with  my  offerings,  ever 
with  my  gifts,  shalt  thou  be  graced,  thou  horned 
stream,  lord  of  Hesperian  waters.  Only  be  thou 
with  me,  and  more  surely  confirm  thy  will !  "  So  he 
speaks,  and  choosing  two  galleys  from  his  fleet  mans 
them  with  crews,  and  withal  equips  his  comrades 
with  arms. 

*  The  Tiber  rises  in  Etruria.  This  verse,  of  doubtful 
meaning,  is  rendered  thus  by  some:  "  Here  rises  my  great 
home,  the  head  of  mighty  cities,"  the  "  home"  being  either 
the  river-god's  palace  under  the  water,  or  the  city  of  Rome. 

65 

VOL.  II.  W 


VIRGIL 

Ecce   autem   subitum   atque    oculis    mirabile 
monstrum, 
Candida  per  silvam  cum  fetu  concolor  albo 
procubuit  viridique  in  litore  conspicitur  sus. 
quam  pius  Aeneas  tibi  enim^  tibi,  maxima  luno, 
mactat  sacra  ferens  et  cum  grege  sistit  ad  aram,      85 
Thybris  ea  fluvium,  quam  longa  est,  nocte  tumentem 
leniit  et  tacita  refluens  ita  substitit  unda, 
mitis  ut  in  morem  stagni  placidaeque  paludis 
sterneret  aequor  aquis,  remo  ut  luctamen  abesset. 
ergo  iter  inceptum  celerant  rumore  secundo.  90 

labitur  uncta  vadis  abies ;  mirantur  et  undae, 
miratur  nemus  insuetum  fulgentia  longe 
scuta  virum  fluvio  pictasque  innare  carinas.         fmprv 
olli  remigio  noctemque  diemque  fatigant 
et  longos  superant  flexus,  variisque  teguntur  95 

arboribus  viridisque  secant  placido  aequore  silvas. 
sol  medium  caeli  conscenderat  igneus  orbem, 
cum  muros  arcemque  procul  ac  rara  domorum 
tecta  vident,  quae  nunc  Romana  potentia  caelo  mprv 
aequavit,  turn  res  inopes  Euandrus  habebat.  100 

ocius  advertunt  proras  urbique  propinquant. 

Forte  die  sollemnem  illo  rex  Areas  honorem 
Amphitryoniadae  magno  divisque  ferebat 
ante  urbem  in  luco.     Pallas  huic  filius  una, 
una  omnes  iuvenum  primi  pauperque  senatus         105 
tura  dabant,  tepidusque  cruor  fumabat  ad  aras. 
ut  celsas  videre  rates  atque  inter  opacum 

*"  peragunt  /.',  Macrobiiia.    Rumone  M^,  known  to  Servius. 
*^  mirantur  F-y^, 


AENEID   BOOK    VIII 

^^  But  lo  !  a  portent^  sudden  and  wondrous  to  see  ' 
Gleaming  white  amid  the  wood,  of  one  colour  with 
her  milk-white  brood,  lay  outstretched  on  the  green 
bank  before  their  eyes — a  sow  :  her  good  Aeneas 
offers  in  sacrifice  to  thee,  even  thee,  most  mighty 
Juno,  and  sets  with  her  young  before  thine  altar. 
All  that  night  long  Tiber  calmed  his  swelling  flood, 
and  flowing  back  with  silent  wave  stood  so  still  that 
like  a  gentle  pool  or  quiet  mere  he  smoothed  his 
watery  plain,  that  the  oars  might  know  no  struggle. 
Therefore  with  cheering  cries  they  speed  the  voyage 
begun  :  over  the  waters  glides  the  well-pitched  pine  ; 
in  wonder  the  waves,  in  wonder  the  unwonted  woods 
view  the  far  gleaming  shields  of  warriors  and  the 
painted  hulls  floating  on  the  stream.  They  with 
their  rowing  give  night  and  day  no  rest,  pass  the 
long  bends,  are  shaded  with  diverse  trees,  and  cleave 
the  green  woods  on  the  peaceful  water.^  The  fiery 
sun  had  scaled  the  mid  arch  of  heaven,  when  afar 
they  see  walls  and  a  citadel,  and  scattered  house- 
roofs,  which  to  day  Rome's  empire  has  exalted  to 
heaven,  but  then  Evander  ruled,  a  scant  domain. 
Quickly  they  turn  the  prows  to  land,  and  draw  near 
the  town. 

^*'^  It  chanced  that  on  that  day  the  Arcadian  king 
paid  wonted  homage  to  Amphitryon's  mighty  son  -' 
and  the  gods  in  a  grove  before  the  city.  With  him  his 
son  Pallas,  with  him  all  the  foremost  of  his  people 
and  his  humble  senate  were  offering  incense,  and 
the  warm  blood  smoked  at  the  altars.  Soon  as 
they    saw    the    high    ships,    saw    them    gliding    up 

*  Or  "in  the  peaceful  waters,"  if  Servius  is  right  in  sup- 
posing that  Virgil  refers  to  the  reflected  woods. 

*  Hercules.  Virgil  doubtless  has  in  mind  the  rites  con- 
nected with  the  Ara  Maxima  in  the  Forum  Boarium. 

67 

s  2 


VIRGIL 

adlabi  nemus  et  tacitis  incumbere  remis, 

terrenlur  visu  subito  cunctique  relictis 

consurgunt  mensis.     audax  quos  rumpere  Pallas    110 

sacra  vetat  raptoque  volat  telo  obvius  ipse, 

et  procul  e  tumulo  :  "  iuvenes,  quae  causa  subegit 

ignotas  temptare  vias  ?  quo  tenditis  ?  "  inquit. 

"qui  genus?  unde  domo  ?  pacemnehucfertis  an 

amia  ?  " 

tiuTi  pater  Aeneas  puppi  sic  fatur  ab  alta  115 

{)aciferaeque  manu  ramum  praetendit  olivae : 

"Troiugenas  ac  tela  vides  inimica  Latinis, 

quos  ilii  bello  profugos  egere  superbo. 

Euandrum  petimus.     ferte  haec  et  dicite  lectos    mpr 

Dardaniae  venisse  duces,  socia  arma  rogantis."       120 

obstipuit  tanto  percussus  nomine  Pallas  : 

"  egredere  o  quicumque  es/'  ait,  "  coramque  parentem 

adloquere  ac  nostris  succede  penatibus  hospes  ;  " 

excepitque  manu  dextramque  amplexus  inhaesit. 

progressi  subeunt  luco  fluviuraque  relinquunt.        125 

Turn  regem  Aeneas  dictis  adfatur  amicis : 

"  optunie  Graiugenum,  cui  me  Fortuna  precari 

et  vitta  comptos  voluit  praetendere  ramos, 

non  equidem  extimui,  Danaum  quod  ductor  et  Areas 

quodque  a  stirpe  fores  geminis  coniunctus  Atridis ;   1 30 

sed  mea  me  virtus  et  sancta  oracula  divuni, 

cognatique  patres,  tua  terris  didita  fama, 

coniunxere  tibi  et  fatis  egere  volentem. 

DardanuSj  Iliacae  primus  pater  urbis  et  auctor, 

Electra,  ut  Grai  perhibent,  Atlantide  cretus,  135 

advehitur  Teucros  ;  Electram  maximus  Atlas 

""  tacitis  7^*,  Servius :  tacitos  MPRy^bc^. 
*i*  faliis  Ry^.  1*'  ac]  et  J/^,  Xoniua. 

68 


AENEID    BOOK    VIII 

between  the  shady  woods  and  plying  noiseless  oars, 
they  are  affrighted  by  the  sudden  sight,  and  all  rise 
up,  quitting  the  feast.  But  Pallas,  undaunted,  for- 
bids them  to  break  off  the  rites,  and  seizing  his 
spear,  flies  himself  to  meet  the  strangers,  and  from 
a  mound  afar  cries  :  "  Warriors,  what  cause  has 
driven  you  to  try  unknown  paths  ?  Whither  fare 
ye  ?  Of  what  race  are  ye  ?  From  what  home  ?  Is 
it  peace  or  war  ye  bring  hither?"  Then  father 
Aeneas  speaks  thus  from  the  high  stern,  outstretch- 
ing in  his  hand  a  branch  of  peaceful  olive :  "  Men 
born  of  Troy  thou  seest,  and  arms  hostile  to 
Latins— men  whom  they  have  driven  to  flight  by 
insolent  warfare.  We  seek  Evander  :  bear  ve  this 
message,  and  say  that  chosen  captains  of  Dardania 
are  come,  suing  for  alliance  in  arms."  Smitten  with 
amaze  was  Pallas  at  that  mighty  name.  "  Come 
forth,"  he  cries,  "  whoe'er  thou  art ;  speak  to  my 
father  face  to  face,  and  pass,  a  guest,  beneath  our 
roof!  "  And  with  a  grasp  of  welcome  he  caught 
and  clung  to  his  hand.  Advancing,  they  enter  the 
grove  and  leave  the  river. 

i^e  Then  with  friendly  words  Aeneas  addresses  the 
king :  "  Noblest  of  the  sons  of  Greece,  to  whom 
Fortune  has  willed  that  I  make  my  prayer,  and 
off"er  boughs  decked  with  fillets,  I  feared  not  because 
thou  Avert  a  Danaan  chief,  an  Arcadian  and  linked 
by  blood  with  the  twin  sons  of  Atreus;Jjut  my  own 
worth  and  Heaven's  holy  oracles,  our  ancestral  kin- 
ship, and  thy  fame  spread  through  the  M'orld,  have 
bound  me  to  thee,  and  brought  me  Fate's  willing 
follower.  Dardanus,  first  father  and  founder  ol 
Ilium's  city,  born  (as  Greeks  relate)  of  Atlantean 
Electra,  came  to  the  Teucrians  ;  Electra  was  begotten 

69 


VIRGIL 

edidit,  aetherios  umero  qui  sustinet  orbis. 
vobis  Mercurius  pater  est,  quern  Candida  Maia 
Cyllenae  gelido  conceptum  vertice  fudit ; 
at  Maiam,  auditis  si  quicquam  credimus,  Atlas,      140 
idem  Atlas  generat,  caeli  qui  sidera  tollit. 
sic  genus  aml)orum  scindit  se  sanguine  ab  uno. 
his  fretus  non  legates  neque  prima  per  artem 
temptamenta  tui  pepigi ;  me,  me  ipse  meumque 
obieci  caput  et  supplex  ad  limina  veni.  14'5 

gens  eadem,  quae  te,  crudeli  Daunia  bello 
insequitur ;  nos  si  pellant,  nihil  afore  credunt, 
quin  omnem  Hesperiam  penitus  sua  sub  iuga  mittant, 
et  mare,  quod  supra,  teneant,  quodque  adluit  infra, 
accipe  daque  fidem.     sunt  nobis  fortia  bello  150 

pectora,  sunt  animi  et  rebus  spectata  iuventus." 
Dixerat  Aeneas,     ille  os  oculosque  loquentis 
iamdudum  et  totum  lustrabat  lumine  corpus, 
turn  sic  pauca  refert :  "  ut  te,  fortissime  Teucrum, 
accipio  agnoscoque  libens  !  ut  verba  parentis  155 

et  vocem  Anchisae  magni  voltumque  recordor  ' 
nam  memini  Hesionae  visentem  regna  sororis 
Laomedontiaden  Priamum,  Salamina  petentem, 
protinus  Arcadiae  gelidos  invisere  finis, 
turn  mihi  prima  genas  vestibat  flore  iuventas,         160 
mirabarque  duces  Teucros,  mirabar  et  ipsum 
Laomedontiaden,  sed  cunctis  altior  ibat 
Anchises.     mihi  mens  iuvenali  ardebat  amore 
compellare  virum  et  dextrae  coniungere  dextram  ; 
accessi  et  cupidus  Phenei  sub  moenia  duxi.  l65 

ille  mihi  insignem  pharetram  Lyciasque  sagiitas 
discedens  chlamydemque  auro  dedit  intertextam, 
frenaque  bina,  meus  quae  nunc  habet  aurea  Pallas. 

"?  fnndit  PK  "»  creditis  Py^. 

**'  afore  P^,  Servius :  adfore  M^P-:  atfore  iP :  fore  E. 
*"  intertexto  P^B,  known  to  Strviv^. 
70 


AENEID   BOOK    VIII 

of  mightiest  Atlas,  who  on  his  shoulders  sustains  the 
heavenly  spheres.  Your  sire  is  Mercury,  whom  fair 
Maia  conceived  and  bore  on  Cyllene's  cold  peak  ;  but 
Maia,  if  we  have  any  trust  in  tales  we  have  heard,  is 
child  of  Atlas,  the  same  Atlas  who  uplifts  the  starry 
heavens  ;  so  the  lineage  of  the  twain  branches  from 
one  blood.  Relying  on  this,  no  embassy  did  I  plan, 
no  crafty  overtures  to  thee ;  myself  I  have  brought, 
— myself  and  my  own  life — and  am  come  a  suppliant 
to  thy  doors.  The  same  Daunian  race  pursues  us, 
as  thee,  in  cruel  war ;  if  they  drive  us  forth,  they 
deem  that  naught  will  stay  them  from  laying  all 
Hesperia  utterly  beneath  their  yoke,  and  from  hold- 
ing the  seas  that  wash  her  above  and  below. ^  Take 
and  return  friendship ;  we  have  hearts  valiant  in 
war,  high  souls  and  manhood  tried  in  action." 

152  Aeneas  ceased.  As  he  spake,  Evander  had 
long  scanned  his  face,  and  eyes,  and  all  his  form  ; 
then  thus  briefly  replies  :  "  Bravest  of  the  Teucrians, 
how  gladly  do  I  receive  and  recognize  thee !  How  I 
recall  thy  father's  words,  and  the  voice  and  features 
of  great  Anchises !  For  I  remember  how  Priam, 
Laomedon's  son,  when  on  his  way  to  Salamis  he 
came  to  see  the  realm  of  his  sister  Hesione,  passed 
on  to  visit  Arcadia's  cold  borders.  In  those  days 
early  youth  clothed  my  cheeks  with  bloom,  and  I 
wondered  at  the  chiefs  of  Troy,  wondered  at  their 
prince,  Laomedon's  son ;  but  towering  above  all 
moved  Anchises.  My  heart  burned  with  youthful 
ardour  to  accost  him  and  clasp  hand  in  hand ;  I 
drew  near,  and  led  him  eagerly  to  Pheneus'  city. 
Departing,  he  gave  me  a  glorious  quiver  with  Lycian 
shafts,  a  scarf  inwoven  with  gold,  and  a  pair  of 
golden  bits  that  now  my  Pallas  possesses.  There- 
*  The  Adriatic  and  Tuscan  seas. 

71 


VIRGIL 

ergo  et  quam  petitis,  iuncta  est  mihi  foedere  dextra, 
et,  lux  cum  pvimum  terris  se  crastina  reddet,         170 
auxilio  laetos  dimittain  opibusque  iuvabo. 
interea  sacra  haec,  quando  hue  venistis  amici, 
annua,  quae  differre  nefas,  celebrate  faventes 
nobiscum  et  iam  nunc  sociorum  adsuescite  mensis." 

Haec  ubi  dicta,  dapes  iubet  et  sublata  reponi     175 
pocula  gramineoque  viros  locat  ipse  sedili 
praecipuumque  toro  et  villosi  pelle  leonis 
accipit  Aenean  solioque  invitat  acerno. 
turn  lecti  iuvenes  certatim  araeque  sacerdos 
viscera  tosta  ferunt  tauroruni,  onerantque  canistris  1 80 
dona  laboratae  Cereris,  Bacchumque  ministrant. 
vescitur  Aeneas  simul  et  Troiana  inventus 
perpetui  tergo  bovis  et  lustralibus  extis. 

Postquam  exempta  fames  et  amor  compressus 

edendi, 

rex  Euandrus  ait :  "  non  haec  sollemnia  nobis,       185 

has  ex  more  dapes,  hanc  tanti  numinis  aram 

vana  superstitio  veterumque  ignara  deorum 

imposuit :  saevis,  hospes  Troiane,  periclis 

servati  facimus  meritosque  novamus  honores. 

iam  primum  saxis  suspensam  hanc  aspice  rupem,   190 

disiectae  procul  ut  moles  desertaque  montis 

Stat  domus  et  scopuli  ingentem  traxere  ruinam. 

hie  spelunca  fuit,  vasto  summota  recessu, 

semihominis  Caci  facies  quam  dira  tenebat, 

solis  inaccessam  radiis  ;  semperque  recenti  195 

caede  tepebat  humus,  foribusque  adfixa  superbis 

ora  virum  tristi  pendebant  pallida  tabo. 

»80  cunistri  R.  i»»  pridem  R. 

»"  deiectae  R.  »««  tegebat  M^PRy. 


AENEID    BOOK    VIII 

fore,  the  hand  ye  seek  lo !  I  join  v.ith  you  in  league, 
and  when  first  to-morrow's  dawn  revisits  eartii,  I 
will  send  jou  hence  cheered  by  an  escort,  and  will 
aid  you  with  our  stores.  Meanwhile,  since  ye  are 
come  hither  as  friends,  this  yearl}^  festival,  which 
we  may  not  defer,  graciously  solemnize  with  us, 
and  even  now  become  familiar  with  your  comrades' 
board." 

^^5  This  said,  he  orders  the  repast  and  cups, 
already  removed,  to  be  replaced,  and  with  his  own 
hand  ranges  the  guests  on  the  grassy  seat,  and  chief 
in  honour  he  welcomes  Aeneas  to  the  cushion  of  a 
shaggy  lion's  hide,  and  invites  him  to  a  maple 
throne.  Then  chosen  youths,  and  the  priest  of  the 
altar,  in  emulous  haste  bring  roast  flesh  of  bulls,  })ile 
on  baskets  the  gifts  of  Ceres,  fashioned  well,  and 
serve  the  wine  of  Bacchus.  Aeneas  and,  with  him, 
the  warriors  of  Troy  feast  on  the  long  chine  of  an 
ox  and  the  sacrificial  meat. 

184  When  hunger  was  banished  and  tlie  desire  of 
food  stayed.  King  Evander  spoke  :  "  These  solemn 
rites,  this  wonted  feast,  this  altar  of  a  mighty 
Presence, — 'tis  no  idle  superstition,  knowing  not  the 
gods  of  old,  that  has  laid  them  on  us.  As  saved 
from  cruel  perils,  O  Trojan  guest,  do  we  pay  the 
rites,  and  repeat  the  worship  due.  Now  first  look  at  ^y^ 
this  rocky  overhanging  cliff,  how  the  masses  are 
scattered  afar,  how  the  mountain-dwelling  stands 
desolate,  and  the  crags  have  toppled  down  in  mighty 
ruin  !  Here  was  once  a  cave,  receding  to  unfathomed 
depth,  never  visited  by  the  sun's  ra^s,  where  dwelt 
the  awful  shape  of  half-human  Cacus ;  and  ever  the 
ground  reeked  with  fresh  blood,  and,  nailed  to  its 
proud   doors,  faces  of  men  hung   pallid   in  ghastly 

73 


VIRGIL 

huic  monstro  Volcanus  erat  pater :  illius  atros 

ore  vomens  ignis  magna  se  mole  ferebat. 

attulit  et  nobis  aliquando  optantibus  aetas  200 

uuxilium  adventumque  del.     nam  maximus  ultor, 

tergemini  nece  Geryonae  spoliisque  superbus, 

Alcides  aderat  taurosque  hac  victor  agebat, 

ingentis,  vallemque  boves  amnemque  tenebant. 

at  fiiriis  Caci  mens  etFera,  ne  quid  inausum  205 

aut  intractatum  scelerisve  dolive  fuisset, 

quattuor  a  stabulis  praestanti  corpore  tauros 

avertit,  totidem  forma  superante  iuvencas. 

atque  hos,  ne  qua  forent  pedibus  vestigia  rectis, 

Cauda  in  speluncam  tractos  versisque  viarum  210 

indiciis  raptos  saxo  occultabat  opaco. 

quaerenti  nulla  ad  speluncam  signa  ferebant. 

interea,  cum  iam  stabulis  saturata  moveret 

Amphitryoniades  armenta  abitumque  pararet, 

discessu  mugire  boves  atque  omne  querellis  215 

impleri  nemus  et  colles  clamore  relinqui. 

reddidit  una  boum  vocem  vastoque  sub  antro 

mugiit  et  Caci  spem  custodita  fefellit. 

liic  vero  Alcidae  furiis  exarserat  atro 

felle  dolor  :  rapit  arma  manu  nodisque  gravatum  220 

robur,  et  aerii  cursu  petit  ardua  montis. 

tum  primum  nostri  Cacum  videre  timentem 

turbatumque  oculis  :  fugit  ilicet  ocior  Euro 

speluncamque  petit ;  pedibus  timor  addidit  alas. 

Ut  sese  inclusit  ruptisque  immane  catenis  225 

deiecit  saxum,  ferro  quod  et  arte  paterna 
pendebat,  fultosque  emuniit  obice  postis, 
ecce  furens  animis  aderat  Tiryntliius  omnemque 

^"^  Geryoni  R :  Geryonis  .V. 

***  furia  M.  206  intemptatnm  M\ 

*^^  quaerentes  R.  *'*  parabat  MK 

"«  relinquit  P.  «"  et  aerii]  aetherii  Jin. 

^^^  oculi  some  minor  MSS.,  known  to  Servius  :  oculos  7*. 
74 


AENEID   BOOK    VIII 

decay.  This  monster's  sire  was  Vulcan ;  his  were 
the  black  fires  he  belched  forth,  as  he  moved  in 
mighty  bulk.  For  us,  too,  time  at  last  brought  to 
our  desire  a  god's  advent  and  aid.  For  there  came 
the  mightest  of  avengers,  even  Alcides,  glorying  in 
the  slaughter  and  spoils  of  trij)le  Gervon,  and  this 
way  drove  liis  huge  bulls  in  triumph,  and  his  oxen 
filled  vale  and  riverside.  But  Cacus,  his  wits  wild 
with  frenzy,  that  naught  of  crime  or  craft  might 
prove  to  be  left  undared  or  unessayed,  drove  from 
their  stalls  four  bulls  of  surpassing  form,  and  as  many 
heifers  of  jieerless  beauty.  And  these,  that  there 
might  be  no  tracks  pointing  forward^  he  dragged  by 
the  tail  into  his  cavern,  and,  with  tJie  signs  of  their 
course  thus  turned  backwards,  lie  hid  them  in  the 
rocky  darkness :  whoso  sought  them  could  find  no 
marks  leading  to  the  cave.  Meanwhile,  when  Amphi- 
tryon's son  was  now  moving  the  well-fed  herds  from 
their  stalls,  and  making  ready  to  set  out,  the  oxen  at 
parting  lowed  ;  all  the  grove  they  fill  with  their 
plaint,  and  with  clamour  quit  the  hills.  One  heifer 
returned  the  cry,  lowed  from  the  drear  cavern's 
depths,  and  from  her  prison  baffled  the  hopes  of  Cacus. 
Hereupon  the  wrath  of  Alcides  furiously  blazed  forth 
with  black  gall ;  seizing  in  hand  his  weapons  and 
heavily  knotted  club,  he  seeks  with  speed  the  crest 
of  the  soaring  mount.  Then  first  our  folk  saw  Cacus 
afraid  and  with  trouble  in  his  eyes  ;  in  a  twinkling  he 
flees  swifter  than  the  East  wind  and  seeks  his  cavern; 
fear  lends  wings  to  his  feet. 

22^  Soon  as  he  shut  himself  in,  and,  bursting  the 
chains,  dropped  the  giant  rock  suspended  in  iron  by 
his  father's  craft,  which  with  its  barrier  blocked  the 
firm-stayed  entrance,  lo  !  the  Tirynthian  came  in  a 

75 


VIRGIL 

accessum  lustrans  hue  ora  ferebat  et  illuc, 
dentibus  infrendens.     ter  totum  fervidus  ira  230 

lustrat  Aventini  montem,  ter  saxea  temptat 
limina  nequiquam,  ter  fessus  valle  resedit. 
stabat  acuta  silex,  praecisis  undique  saxis 
speluncae  dorso  insurgens,  altissima  visu, 
dirariim  nidis  domus  opportuna  volucrum.  235 

banc,  ut  prona  iugo  laevum  incumbebat  ad  amnem, 
dexter  in  adversum  nitens  concussit  et  imis 
avolsam  solvit  radicibus  ;  inde  repente 
impubtj  impulsu  quo  maximus  intonat  aether, 
dissultant  ripae  refluitque  exterritus  amnis.  240 

at  specus  et  Caci  detecta  apparuit  ingens 
regia  et  umbrosae  penitus  patuere  cavernae, 
non  secus  ac  si  qua  penitus  vi  terra  dehiscens 
infernas  reseret  sedes  et  regna  recludat 
pallida,  dis  invisa,  superque  immane  barathrum     245 
cernatur,  trepident  immisso  lumine  Manes, 
ergo  insperata  deprensum  luce  repente 
inclusumque  cavo  saxo  atque  insueta  rudentem 
desuper  Alcides  telis  premit,  omniaque  arma 
advocat  et  ramis  vastisque  molaribus  instat.  250 

ille  autem,  neque  enim  fuga  iam  super  ulla  pericli, 
faucibus  ingentem  fumum,  mirabile  dictu, 
evomit  involvitque  domum  caligine  caeca, 
prospectum  eripiens  oculis,  glomeratque  sub  antro 
fumiferam  noctem  commixtis  igne  tenebris.  255 

non  tulit  Alcides  animis,  seque  ipse  per  ignem 
praecipiti  iecit  saltu,  qua  plurimus  undani 
fumus  agit  nebulaque  ingens  specus  aestuat  atra. 
hie  Cacum  in  tenebris  incendia  vana  vomentem 

23S  advolsam  M^.  -'^  insonat  R. 

2"  reserit  M^:  reserat  M"PR. 
2«  trepidantque  R,  ^47  {„  \^^^  ^jtji 

«51  pericli  est  f-y,  **'  iniecit  Fy. 

76 


AENEID    BOOK    VIII 

frenzy  of  wrath,  and,  scanning  every  approach, 
turned  his  face  this  way  and  that,  gnashing  his  teeth. 
Thrice,  hot  with  rage,  he  traverses  the  whole  Aven- 
tine  Mount ;  thrice  he  essays  the  stony  portals  in 
vain ;  thrice  he  sinks  down  wearied  in  the  valley. 
There  stood  a  pointed  rock  of  flint,  cut  sheer  away 
all  around,  rising  above  the  cavern's  ridge,  and 
exceeding  high  to  view,  fit  home  for  the  nestlings  of 
foul  birds.  This,  as  it  leaned  sloping  with  its  ridge 
to  the  river  on  the  left,  he  shook,  straining  against 
it  from  the  right,  and,  wrenching  it  from  its  lowest 
roots,  tore  it  loose  ;  then  of  a  sudden  thrust  it  forth  : 
with  that  thrust  the  mighty  heaven  thunders,  the 
banks  leap  apart,  and  the  affrighted  river  recoils. 
But  the  den  of  Cacus  and  his  huge  palace  stood 
revealed,  and,  deep  below,  the  darkling  cave  lay 
open  :  even  as  though  beneath  some  force,  the  earth, 
gaping  open  deep  below,  should  unlock  the  infernal 
abodes  and  disclose  the  pallid  realms  abhorred  of  the 
gods,  and  from  above  the  vast  abyss  be  descried,  and 
the  ghosts  tremble  at  the  inrushing  light.  On  him, 
then,  caught  of  a  sudden  by  unlooked  for  day,  pent 
in  the  hollow  rock  and  bellowing  uncouth  roars, 
Alcides  hurls  missiles  from  above,  calling  all  weapons 
to  his  aid,  and  rains  upon  him  boughs  and  giant  mill- 
stones. He,  the  while,  for  now  no  other  escape  from 
peril  was  left,  belches  from  his  throat  dense  smoke, 
wondrous  to  tell !  and  veils  the  dwelling  in  blinding 
gloom,  blotting  all  view  from  the  eyes,  and  rolling  up 
in  the  cave's  depth  smoke-laden  night,  its  blackness 
mingled  with  flame.  In  his  fury  Alcides  brooked 
not  this  :  headlong  he  dashed  through  the  flame, 
where  the  smoke  rolls  its  wave  thickest,  and  through 
the  mighty  cave  the  mist  surges  black.  Here  as 
Cacus  in  the  darkness  vomits  vain  fires,  he  seizes  him 

77 


VIRGIL 

corripit  in  nodum  complexus,  et  angit  inhaerens  260 
elisos  oculos  et  siccum  sanguine  guttur. 
panditur  extemplo  foribus  domus  atra  revolsis 
abstractaeque  boves  abiurataeque  rapinae 
caelo  ostenduntur^  pedibusque  informe  cadaver 
protrahitur.     nequeunt  expleri  corda  tuendo  265 

terribilis  oculos,  voltum  villosaque  saetis 
pectora  semiferi  atque  exstinctos  faucibus  ignis. 
ex  illo  celebratus  honos  laetique  minores 
servavere  diem,  primusque  Potitius  auctor 
et  domus  Herculei  custos  Pinaria  sacri.  270 

banc  aram  luco  statuit,  quae  Maxima  semper 
dicetur  nobis  et  erit  quae  maxima  semper, 
quare  agite,  o  iuvenes,  tantarum  in  munere  laudum 
cingite  fronde  comas  et  pocula  porgite  dextris 
communemque  vocate  deum  et  date  vina  volentes." 
dixerat,  Herculea  bicolor  cum  populus  umbra         276 
velavitque  comas  foliisque  innexa  pependit, 
et  sacer  implevit  dexti'am  scyphus.    ocius  omnes 
in  mensam  laeti  libant  divosque  precantur. 

Devexo  interea  propior  fit  Vesper  Olympo,         280 
iamque  sacerdotes  primusque  Potitius  ibant, 
pelHbus  in  morem  cincti,  flammasque  ferebant. 
instaurant  epulas  et  mensae  grata  secundae 
dona  ferunt  cumulantque  oneratis  lancibus  aras. 
turn  Salii  ad  cantus  incensa  altaria  circum  285 

populeis  adsunt  evincti  tempora  ramis, 
hie  iuvenum  chorus,  ille  senum,  qui  carmine  laudes 
Herculeas  et  facta  ferunt :  ut  prima  novercae 
monstra  manu  geminosque  preraens  ehserit  anguis, 

*fii  elidens  knoum  to  Serinus.  ^^'  alta  P*. 

78 


AENEID   BOOK    VIII 

in  knot-like  embrace,  and,  close  entwined,  throttles 
him  till  the  eyes  burst  forth  and  the  throat  is  drained 
of  blood.  Straightway  the  doors  are  torn  off,  and 
the  dark  den  laid  bare  ;  the  stolen  oxen  and  forsworn 
plunder  are  shown  to  heaven,  and  the  shapeless 
carcase  is  dragged  forth  by  the  feet.  Men  cannot  sate 
their  hearts  with  gazing  on  the  terrible  eyes,  the 
face,  and  shaggy  bristling  chest  of  the  brutish 
creature,  and  the  quenched  fires  of  his  throat.  From 
that  time  has  this  service  been  solemnized,  and 
joyous  posterity  has  kept  the  day — Potitius  foremost, 
founder  of  the  rite,  and  the  Pinarian  house,  custodian 
of  the  worship  of  Hercules.  He  himself  set  in  the 
grove  this  altar,  which  shall  ever  by  us  be  called 
Mightiest,  and  mightiest  shall  it  ever  be.  Come  then, 
warriors,  and,  in  honour  of  deeds  so  glorious,  wreath 
your  hair  with  leaves,  and  stretch  forth  the  cup  in 
your  hands ;  call  on  our  common  god,  and  of  good 
will  pour  ye  the  wine."  He  ceased  ;  and  thereon 
the  twy-coloured  poplar  veiled  his  hair  with  the  shade 
dear  to  Hercules,  hanging  down  with  festoon  of  leaves, 
and  the  sacred  goblet  charged  his  hand.  Speedily 
all  pour  glad  libation  on  the  board,  and  offer  prayer 
to  the  gods. 

280  Meanwhile,  evening  draws  nearer  down  heaven's 
slope,  and  now  the  priests  went  forth,  Potitius  at 
their  head,  girt  with  skins  after  their  fashion,  and 
bearing  torches.  They  renew  the  banquet  and  bring 
the  welcome  offerings  of  a  second  repast,  and  heap 
the  altars  with  laden  platters.  Then  the  Salii  come 
to  sing  round  the  kindled  altars,  their  brows  bound 
with  poplar  boughs — one  band  of  youths,  the  other 
of  old  men  — and  these  in  song  extol  the  glories  and 
deeds  of  Hercules  :  how  first  he  strangled  in  his 
grip    the  twin  serpents,  the  monsters  of  his    step- 

79 


VIRGIL 

ut  bello  egregias  idem  disiecerit  urbes,  290 

Troiamque  Oechalianique,  ut  duros  mille  labores 
rege  sub  Euiystheo  fatis  lunonis  iniquae 
pertuleiit.     "  tu  nubigenas,  invicte,  bimembris, 
Hylaeumque  Phohimque,  nianu^  tu  Cresia  mactas 
prodigia  et  vastuni  Nemea  sub  rupe  leonem.  295 

te  Stygii  tremuere  lacus,  te  ianitor  Orci 
ossa  super  recubans  antro  semesa  cruento ; 
nee  te  ullae  facies,  non  terruit  ipse  Typhoeus 
arduus  arnia  tenens,  non  te  rationis  egentem 
Lernaeus  turba  capitum  circumstetit  anguis.  300 

salve,  vera  lovis  proles,  decus  addite  divis, 
et  nos  et  tua  dexter  adi  pede  sacra  secundo." 
talia  carminibus  celebrant ;  super  omnia  Caci 
speluncam  adiciunt  spirautemque  ignibus  ipsum. 
consonat  omne  nemus  strepitu  collesque  resultant.  305 

Exim  se  cuncti  divinis  rebus  ad  urbem 
perfectis  referunt.     ibat  rex  obsitus  aevo, 
et  comitem  Aenean  iuxta  natumque  tenebat 
ingrediens  varioque  viam  sermone  levabat. 
miratur  facilisque  oculos  fert  omnia  circum  SIO 

Aeneas,  capiturque  locis  et  singula  laetus 
exquiritque  auditque  virum  monumenta  priorum. 
turn  rex  Euandrus,  Romanae  conditor  arcis  : 
"  haec  nemora  indigenae  Fauni  Nymphaeque  tenebant 
gensque  virum  truncis  et  duro  robore  nata,  315 

quis  neque  mos  neque  cuitus  erat,  nee  iungere  tauros 

^^^  Oeclialiam  ednros  M^. 

-^^  Nemaea  M:  Nemea  I'^Jly :  Nemeae  P*,  Servius. 

"^®  exin  Eb^c. 


1  Juno,  who  in  jealousy  sent  two  snakes  to  kill  Hercules 
in    his    cradle,    and   to   whose   craftiness   it   was  due   that 
Hercules  had  to  serve  Eurystheus  for  twelve  years. 
SO 


AENEID   BOOK   VIII 

mother  ^ ;  how  likewise  in  war  he  dashed  down 
peerless  cities,  Troy  and  Oechalia  ;  how  under  King 
Eurystheus  he  bore  a  thousand  grievous  toils  by  the 
doom  of  cruel  Juno.  "  Thou,  unconquered  one,  thou 
with  thy  hand  art  slayer  of  the  cloud  born  creatures  of 
double  shape,  Hylaeus  and  Pholus,  the  monsters  of 
Crete,  and  the  huge  lion  beneath  Nemea's  rock. 
Before  thee  the  Stygian  lakes  trembled  ;  before  thee, 
the  warder  of  Hell,  as  he  lay  on  half-gnawn  bones 
in  his  bloody  cave  ;  no  shape  daunted  thee,  no,  not 
Typhoeus'  self,  towering  aloft  in  arms  ;  Avit  failed 
thee  not  when  Lerna's  snake  encompassed  thee  with 
its  swarm  of  heads.  Hail,  true  seed  of  Jove,  to  the 
gods  an  added  glory  !  graciously  with  favouring  foot 
visit  us  and  thy  rites!"  Such  are  their  hymns  of 
praise  ;  and  they  crown  all  with  the  tale  of  Cacus' 
cavern,  and  the  fire-breathing  monster's  self.  All 
the  woodland  rings  with  the  clamour,  and  the  hills 
re-echo. 

2"*^  Then,  the  sacred  rites  discharged,  all  return  to 
the  city.  There  walked  the  king,  beset  with  years, 
and  as  he  moved  along  kept  Aeneas  and  his  son  at 
his  side  as  companions,  relieving  the  way  with 
varied  talk.  Aeneas  marvels  as  he  turns  his  ready 
eyes  all  around,  is  charmed  with  the  scene,  and  joy- 
fully seeks  and  learns,  one  by  one,  the  records  of  the 
men  of  yore.  Then  King  Evander,  founder  of 
Rome's  citadel :  "  In  these  woodlands  the  native 
Fauns  and  Nymphs  once  dwelt,  and  a  race  of  men 
sprung  from  trunks  of  trees  and  hardy  oak,^  who 
had  no  rule  nor  art  of  life,  and  knew  not  how  to 

'  f/.  Homer,  Odyssey,  xix.  16.3,  wliere  Penelope  says  to  the 
disguised  Odysseus  :  "Tell  me  of  thine  own  stock,  whence 
thou  art,  for  thou  art  not  sprung  of  oak  or  rouk,  as  told  in 
olden  tales." 

81 

VOL    !!,  O 


VIRGIL 

aut  componere  opes  norant  aut  parcere  parto, 
sed  rami  atque  asper  victu  v'^enatus  alebat. 
primus  ab  aetherio  venit  Saturnus  Olympo, 
arma  lovis  fugiens  et  regnis  exsul  ademptis.  S:2C 

is  genus  indocile  ac  dispersum  montibus  altis 
composuit  legesque  dedit,  Latiumque  vocari 
maluit,  his  quoniam  latuisset  tutus  in  oris, 
aurea  quae  perhibent  illo  sub  rege  fuere 
saecula  :  sic  placida  populos  in  pace  regebat,  S25 

deterior  donee  paulatim  ac  decolor  aetas 
et  belli  rabies  et  amor  successit  habendi. 
tum  manus  Ausonia  et  gentes  venere  Sicanae, 
saepius  et  nomen  posuit  Saturnia  tellus  ; 
tum  reges  asperque  immani  corpora  Thybris,  330 

a  quo  post  Itali  fluvium  cognomine  Thybrim 
diximus  ;  amisit  varum  vatus  Albula  nomen. 
me  pulsum  patria  pelagique  extrema  sequentem 
Fortuna  omnipotens  et  ineluctabila  fatum 
his  posuere  locis,  matrisque  egere  tremenda  335 

Carmantis  Nymphaa  monita  at  deus  auctor  Apollo." 
Vix  ea  dicta^  dehinc  progressus  monstrat  et  aram 
et  Carmentalem  Romani  nomine  portam 
quam  mamorant,  Nymphaa  priscum  Carmantis 

honorem, 
vatis  fatidicae^  cecinit  quae  prima  futures  340 

Aanaadas  magnos  et  nobile  Pallanteum. 
hinc  lucum  ingantem,  quam  Romulus  acer  Asylum 
rettulitj  et  gelida  monstrat  sub  rupa  Luparcal, 
Parrhasio  dictum  Panos  da  more  Lycaei. 
nee  non  at  sacri  monstrat  namus  Argileti  34-5 

*"  parto]  rapto  JA         ^^*  aureaque  P^     fuerunt  P7. 
"*  Romano  H.  ^*^  nomine  E:  nobine  Py^. 

'  Servius  says:  Varro  autem  Laiium  did  putat,  quod 
lalet  Italia  inter  praecipitia  Alpium  et  Apennini.  Mommsen 
82 


AENEID    BOOK    VIII 

yoke  tlie  ox  or  to  lay  up  stores,  or  to  husband  their 
gains  ;  but  tree-branches  nurtured  them  and  the 
huntsman's  savage  fare.  First  from  heavenly  Olym- 
pus came  Saturn,  fleeing  from  the  weapons  of  Jove 
and  exiled  from  his  lost  realm.  He  gathered  to- 
gether the  unruly  race,  scattered  over  mountain 
heights,  and  gave  them  laws,  and  chose  that  the 
land  be  called  Latium,  since  in  tliese  borders  he  had 
found  a  safe  hiding-place.^  Under  his  reign  were 
the  golden  ages  men  tell  of:  in  such  perfect  peace  he 
ruled  the  nations  ;  till  little  by  little  there  crept  in  a 
race  of  worse  sort  and  duller  hue,  the  frenzy  of  war, 
and  the  passion  for  gain.  Then  came  the  Ausonian 
host  and  the  Sicanian  tribes,  and  ofttimes  tlie  land  of 
Saturn  laid  aside  her  name.'''  Then  kings  arose,  and 
fierce  Thybris  with  giant  bulk,  from  whose  name  we 
of  Italy  have  since  called  our  river  Tiber;  lier  true 
name  ancient  Albula  has  lost.  Myself,  from  fatherland 
an  outcast  and  seeking  the  ends  of  the  sea,  almighty 
Fortune  and  inevitable  Fate  planted  on  this  soil  ;  and 
the  dread  warnings  of  my  mother,  the  nymj)))  Car- 
mentis,  and  Apollo's  divine  warrant,  drove  me  hither." 
337  Scarce  had  he  finislied,  when,  advancing,  he 
points  out  the  altar  and  the  Carmental  Gate,  as  the 
Romans  call  it,  tribute  of  old  to  the  Nympli  Car- 
mentis,  soothtelling  prophetess,  who  first  foretold  the 
greatness  of  Aeneas'  sons,  and  the  glory  of  Pallan- 
teum.  Next  he  shows  him  a  vast  grove,  where 
valiant  Romulus  restored  an  Asylum,  and,  beneath  a 
chill  rock,  the  Lupercal,  bearing  after  Arcadian  wont 
the  name  of  Lycaean  Pan.  He  shows  withal  the 
wood   of  holy    Argiletum,   and    calls   the    place    to 

regards  Latium  as  "  the  plain,"  in  contrast  with  "  the 
mountains,"  and  connected  with  ttAotuj,  "  broad,"  and  latus, 
"side."  *  c/.  Ausonia,  Hesperia,  Oenotria,  Italia. 

83 
o  2 


VIRGIL 

testaturque  locum  et  letum  docet  hospitis  Argi. 

hinc  ad  Tarpeiam  sedem  et  Capitolia  ducit, 

aurea  nunc,  olim  silvestribus  horrida  dumis. 

iani  turn  religio  pavidos  terrebat  agrestis 

dira  loci,  iam  turn  silvam  saxumque  tremebant.     350 

"hoc  nemus,  hunc,"  inquit,  "frondoso  vertice  collem, 

quis  deus  incertum  est,  habitat  deus  ;  Arcades  ipsum 

credunt  se  vidisse  lovem,  cum  saepe  nigrantem 

aegida  concuteret  dextra  nimbosque  cieret. 

haec  duo  pi'aeterea  disiectis  oppida  muris,  355 

reliquias  veterumque  vides  monumenta  virorum. 

hanc  lanus  pater,  hanc  Saturnus  condidit  arcem  ; 

laniculum  huic,  illi  fuerat  Saturnia  nomen." 

Talibus  inter  se  dictis  ad  tecta  subibant 
pauperis  Euandri,  passimque  armenta  videbant      SGO 
Romanoque  Foro  et  lautis  mugire  Carinis. 
ut  ventum  ad  sedes, "  haec,"  inquit,  "  limina  victor 
Alcides  subiit,  haec  ilium  regia  cepit. 
aude,  hospes,  contemnere  opes  et  te  quoque  dignum 
finge  deo,  rebusque  veni  noa  asper  egenis."  365 

dixit  et  angusti  subter  fastigia  tecti 
ingentem  Aenean  duxit  stratisque  locavit 
effultum  foliis  et  pelle  Libystidis  ursae. 
nox  ruit  et  fuscis  tellurem  amplectitur  alis. 

At  Venus  baud  animo  nequiquam  exterrita  mater, 
Laurentumque  minis  et  duro  mota  tumultu,  371 

Volcanum  adloquitur,  thalamoque  haec  coniugis  aureo 
incipit  et  dictis  divinum  adspirat  amorem  : 
"  dum  bello  Argolici  vastabant  Pergama  reges 

**»  tenebant  MK  »"  arcem]  urbem  iPE. 

3"  latia  M^:  cavernis  E.  '"  deos  P^. 

*  The  Argiletum    probably   gets   its   name   from   argilla, 
"  white  clay." 

84 


AENEID   BOOK    VIII 

witness,  and  tells  of  the  death  of  Argus  his  guest.^ 
Hence  he  leads  him  to  the  Tarpeian  house,  and  the 
Capitol — golden  now,  once  bristling  with  woodland 
thickets.  Even  then  the  dread  sanctity  of  the  region 
awed  the  trembling  rustics ;  even  then  they  sluid- 
dered  at  the  forest  and  the  rock.  "  This  grove," 
he  cries,  "  this  hill  with  its  leafy  crown, — though  we 
know  not  what  god  it  is — is  yet  a  god's  home  :  my 
Arcadians  believe  they  have  looked  on  Jove  himself, 
while  oft  his  right  hand  shook  the  darkening  aegis 
and  summoned  the  storm-clouds.  Moreover,  in  these 
two  towns,  with  Avails  o'erthrown,  thou  seest  the 
relics  and  memorials  of  men  of  old.  This  fort 
father  Janus  built,  that  Saturn ;  Janiculum  was  this 
called,  that  Saturnia."  ^ 

2^''  So  talking,  each  with  each,  they  drew  nigh  the 
house  of  the  poor  Evander,  and  saw  cattle  all  about, 
lowing  in  the  Roman  Forum  and  the  brilliant  Carinae. 
When  they  reached  his  dwelling  :  "These  portals," 
he  cries,  "  victorious  Alcides  stooped  to  enter  ;  this 
mansion  welcomed  him.  Dare,  my  guest,  to  scorn 
riches  ;  fashion  thyself  also  to  be  worthy  of  deity, 
and  come  not  disdainful  of  our  poverty."  He  said, 
and  beneath  the  roof  of  his  lowly  dwelling  led  great 
Aeneas,  and  laid  him  on  a  couch  of  strewn  leaves 
and  the  skin  of  a  Libyan  bear.  Night  rushes  down, 
and  clasps  the  earth  with  dusky  wings. 

^^'^  But  Venus,  her  mother's  heart  dismayed  by  no 
idle  fear,  moved  by  the  threats  and  stern  uprising  of 
the  Laurentes,  addresses  Vulcan,  and  in  her  golden 
nuptial  chamber  thus  begins,  breathing  into  her 
words    divine   love ;      "  While    Argive    kings   were 

*  c/.  Cato :  Saturnia  olim,  uhi  nunc  Capiiolium.  The 
fort  of  Janus  was  the  Janicuhim,  on  the  right  bank  of  the 
Tiber. 

85 


VIRGIL 

debita  casurasque  inimicis  ignibus  arces,  375 

non  ullum  auxilium  miseris^  non  arma  rogavi 
artis  opisque  tuae,  nee  te,  carissime  coniunx, 
incassumve  tuos  vohii  exercere  labores, 
quamvis  et  Priami  deberem  plurima  natis, 
et  durum  Aeneae  fievissem  saepe  laborem.  380 

nunc  lovis  imperiis  Rutulorum  constitit  oris  : 
ergo  eadem  supplex  venio  et  sanctum  mihi  numen 
arma  rogOj  genetrix  nato.     te  filia  Nerei, 
te  potuit  lacrimis  Tithonia  flectere  coniunx. 
aspice,  qui  coeant  populi^  quae  moenia  clausis        385 
ferruni  acuant  portis  in  me  excidiumque  meorum." 
Dixerat  et  niveis  hinc  atque  hinc  diva  lacertis 
cunctantem  amplexu  molli  fovet.     ille  repente 
accepit  solitam  flammam,  notusque  medullas 
intravit  calor  et  labefacta  per  ossa  cucurrit,  390 

non  secus  atque  olim,  tonitru  cum  rupta  corusco 
ignea  rima  micans  percurrit  lumine  nimbos. 
sensit  laeta  dolis  et  formae  conscia  coniunx. 
turn  pater  aeterno  fatur  devinctus  amore  : 
"  quid  causas  petis  ex  alto  ?  fiducia  cessit  395 

quo  tibij  diva,  mei  ?  similis  si  cura  fuissetj 
turn  quoque  fas  nobis  Teucros  armare  fuisset ; 
nee  pater  omnipotens  Troiam  nee  fata  vetabant 
stare  decemque  alios  Priamum  superesse  per  annos. 
et  nunc,  si  bellare  paras  atque  haec  tibi  mens  est,  400 
quidquid  in  arte  mea  possum  promittere  curae, 

**^  nomen  7;  numen  (u  writttn  in  rasura)  P. 
»««  calefacta  n.  s^i  j^^^-^  jj^ut  M. 

»»*  devictus  F^. 
86 


AENEID    BOOK    VIII 

ravaging  in  war  Troy's  doomed  towers,  and  her  ram» 
parts  fated  to  fall  by  hostile  flames,  no  aid  for  the 
sufferers  did  I  ask,  no  weapons  of  thine  art  and 
power ;  no,  dearest  consort,  I  would  not  task  thee 
or  thy  toils  for  naught,  heavy  as  was  my  debt  to 
Priam's  sons,  and  many  the  tears  I  shed  for  Aeneas' 
sore  distress.  Now,  by  Jove's  commands,  he  has  set 
foot  in  the  Rutulian  borders  ;  therefore,  I,  who  ne'er 
asked  before,  come  a  suppliant,  and  ask  arms  of  the 
deity  I  revere,  a  mother  for  her  son.  Thee  the 
daughter  of  Nereus,  thee  the  spouse  of  Tithonus, 
could  sway  with  tears.^  Lo  !  what  nations  are 
mustering,  what  cities  with  closed  gates  whet  the 
sword  against  me  and  the  lives  of  my  people  !  " 

^^*'  The  goddess  ceased,  and,  as  he  falters,  throws 
lier  snowy  arms  round  about  him  and  fondles  him  in 
soft  embrace.  At  once  he  caught  the  wonted  flame  ; 
the  familiar  warmth  passed  into  his  marrow  and  ran 
through  his  melting  frame  :  even  as  when  at  times, 
bursting  amid  the  thunder's  peal,  a  sparkling  streak 
of  fire  courses  through  the  storm-clouds  with  dazzling 
light.  His  consort  knew  it,  rejoicing  in  her  wiles, 
and  conscious  of  her  beauty.  Tlien  spoke  her  lord, 
enchained  by  immortal  love:  "  Why  seekest  so  far 
for  pleas  ?  Whither,  goddess,  has  fled  thy  faith  in  me  .'' 
Had  like  care  been  th.ine,  in  those  days  too  it  had 
been  right  for  me  to  arm  the  Trojans ;  nor  was  the 
almighty  Father  nor  Fate  unwilling  that  Troy  stand 
or  Priam  live  for  ten  years  more.  And  now,  if  war 
is  thy  purpose,  and  this  is  thy  intent,  whatever  care 
I  can  promise  in  my  craft,  whatever  can  be  achieved 

*  Thetis,  the  daughter  of  Nereus,  asked  Hephaestus 
(Vulcan)  to  make  armour  for  her  son  Achilles  {Iliad,  xviii. 
428  ff.).  Aurora,  wife  of  Tithonus,  asked  Vulcan  to  give 
armour  to  her  son  Memnon  (c/.  1.  489). 

87 


VIRGIL 

quod  fieri  ferro  Hquidove  potest  electro, 

quantum  ignes  animaeque  valent,  absiste  precando 

viribus  indubitare  tuis."     ea  verba  locutus 

optatos  dedit  amplexus  placidumque  petivit  405 

coniugis  infusus  gremio  per  membra  soporem. 

Inde  ubi  prima  quies  medio  iam  noctis  abactae 
curriculo  expulerat  somnum,  cum  femina  primum, 
cui  tolerare  colo  vitam  tenuique  Minerva 
impositum,  cinerem  et  sopitos  suscitat  ignis,  410 

noctem  addens  operi,  famulasque  ad  lumina  longo 
exercet  penso,  castum  ut  servare  cubile 
coniugis  et  possit  parvos  educere  natos  : 
haud  secus  Ignipotens  nee  tempore  segnior  illo 
mollibus  e  stratis  opera  ad  fabrilia  surgit.  415 

Insula  Sicanium  iuxta  latus  Aeoliaraque 
erigitur  Liparen,  fumantibus  ardua  saxis, 
quam  subter  specus  et  Cyclopum  exesa  caminis 
antra  Aetnaea  tonant,  validique  incudibus  ictus 
auditi  referunt  gemitus,  striduntque  cavernis  420 

stricturae  Chalybum  et  fornacibus  ignis  anhelat, 
Volcani  domus  et  Volcania  nomine  tellus. 
hoc  tunc  Ignipotens  caelo  descendit  ab  alto. 

Ferrum  exercebant  vasto  Cyclopes  in  antro, 
Brontesque  Steropesque  et  nudus  membra  Py- 

racmon.  425 

his  informatum  manibus  iam  parte  polita 
fulmen  erat,  toto  genitor  quae  plurima  caelo 
deicit  in  terras,  pars  imperfecta  manebat. 
trls  imbris  torti  radios,  tris  nubis  aquosae 
addiderant,  rutili  tris  ignis  et  alitis  Austri.  430 

fulgores  nunc  terrificos  sonitumque  metumque 
miscebant  operi  flammisque  sequacibus  iras. 

*"'  infusum  P^R^,  known  to  Sercius  as  the  reading  of  ProhiLs. 

*^'-  exercens  M.  *2''  gemiLum  R, 

«=3  hue  Py\     turn  Pt». 
88 


AENEID    BOOK    VIII 

with  iron  or  molten  electrum,  whatever  fire  and  air 
may  avail — cease  with  entreaty  to  mistrust  thy 
powers  I "  Thus  speaking,  he  gave  the  desired 
embrace,  and,  sinking  on  tlie  bosom  of  his  spouse, 
wooed  calm  slumber  in  every  limb. 

*^'^  Then,  so  soon  as  repose  had  banished  sleep,  in 
the  mid  career  of  now  waning  night,  what  time  a 
housewife,  whose  task  it  is  to  eke  out  life  with  her 
distaff  and  Minerva's  humble  toil,  awakes  the 
embers  and  slumbering  fire,  adding  night  to  her  day's 
work,  and  keeps  her  handmaids  toiling  by  lamplight 
at  the  long  task,  that  she  may  jireserve  chaste  her 
husband's  bed,  and  rear  her  little  sons  :  even  so, 
and  not  more  slothful  at  that  hour,  the  Lord  of  Fire 
rises  from  his  soft  couch  to  the  work  of  his  smithy. 

'^^*'  Hard  by  the  Sicanian  coast  and  Aeolian  Lipare 
rises  an  island,  steep  with  smoking  rocks.  Beneath 
it  thunders  a  cave,  and  the  vaults  of  Aetna,  scooped 
out  by  Cj'clopean  forges  ;  strong  strokes  are  heard 
echoing  groans  from  the  anvils,  masses  of  Chalyb 
steel  hiss  in  the  caverns,  and  the  fire  pants  in  the 
furnace— the  liome  of  Vulcan  and  the  land  Vulcan's 
by  name.  Hither  in  that  hour  the  Lord  of  Fire 
came  down  from  high  heaven. 

^2'  In  the  vast  cave  the  Cyclopes  were  forging  iron — 
Brontes  and  Steropes  and  Pyracn^on  with  bared  limbs. 
They  had  a  thunderbolt,  which  their  hands  had 
shaped,  such  as  full  many  the  Father  hurls  down  from 
all  heaven  upon  earth,  part  already  polished,  while 
part  remained  unfinished.  Three  rays  of  twisted 
hail  had  they  added  to  it,  three  of  watery  cloud, 
three  of  ruddy  flame  and  the  winged  southern  wind  ; 
now  they  were  blending  with  the  work  frightful 
flashes,  sound,  and    fear,  and   wrath   with   pursuing 

89 


VIRGIL 

parte  alia  Marti  currumque  rotasque  volucris 

instabant,  quibus  ille  viros,  quibus  excitat  urbes, 

aegidaque  horriferanij  turbatae  Palladis  arma,        435 

certatim  squamis  serpentum  auroque  polibant, 

conexosqne  anguis  ipsamque  in  pectore  divae 

Gorgona,  desecto  vertentem  lumina  collo. 

"tollite  cuncta/'  inqiiit,  "coeptosque  auferte  labores, 

Aetnaei  C}'clopes,  et  hue  advertite  mentem :         440 

arma  acri  facienda  viro.     nunc  viribus  usus, 

nunc  manibus  rapidis^  omni  nunc  arte  magistra. 

praecijntate  moras."     nee  plura  effatus  ;  at  illi 

ocius  incubuere  omnes  pariterque  laborem 

sortiti.     fluit  aes  rivis  aurique  metallum  445 

volnificusque  chalybs  vasta  fornace  liquescit. 

ingentem  clipeum  informant,  unum  omnia  contra 

tela  Latinorum,  septenosque  orbibus  orbis 

impediunt.     alii  ventosis  follibus  auras 

accipiunt  redduntque,  alii  stridentia  tingunt  450 

aera  lacu.     gemit  impositis  incudibus  antrum. 

illi  inter  sese  multa  vi  bracchia  tollunt 

in  numerum  versantque  tenaci  forcipe  massam. 

Haec  pater  Aeoliis  properat  dum  Lemnius  oris, 
Euandrum  ex  humili  tecto  lux  suscitat  alma  455 

et  matutini  volucrum  sub  culmine  cantus. 
consurgit  senior  tunicaque  inducitur  artus 
et  Tyrrhena  pedum  circumdat  vincula  plantis ; 
turn  lateri  atque  umeris  Tegeaeum  subligat  ensem, 
demissa  ab  laeva  pantherae  terga  retorquens.         460 
nee  non  et  gemini  custodes  limine  ab  alto 

«»8  deiecto  R.  *"  at]  et  PK 

*  q/".  Oeorgics,  IV.  171-175. 
90 


AENEID   BOOK    VIII 

flames.  Elsewhere  they  were  hurrying  on  for  Mars  a 
cliariot  and  flying  wheels,  wherewith  he  stirs  up  men 
and  cities  ;  and  eagerly  with  golden  scales  of  serpents 
were  burnishing  the  awful  aegis,  armour  of  wrathful 
Pallas,  the  interAvoven  snakes,  and  the  Gorgon's  self 
on  the  breast  of  the  goddess,  with  neck  severed  and 
eyes  revolving.  "  Away  with  all !  "  he  cries  ;  "  take 
hence  your  tasks  begun,  Cyclopes  of  Aetna,  and 
hither  turn  your  thoughts  !  Arms  for  a  brave  warrior 
must  ye  make.  Now  is  need  of  strength,  now  of 
swift  hands,  now  of  all  your  masterful  skill.  Fling 
off  delay  !  "  No  more  he  said  ;  but  they  with  speed 
all  bent  to  the  toil,  allotting  the  labour  equally. 
Brass  and  golden  ore  flow  in  streams,  and  wounding 
steel  is  molten  in  the  vast  furnace.  A  giant  shield 
they  shape,  to  confront  alone  all  the  weaj)ons  of  the 
Latins,  and  weld  it  sevenfold,  circle  on  circle.  Some 
with  panting  bellows  make  the  blasts  come  and  go, 
others  dip  the  hissing  brass  in  the  lake,  while  the 
cavern  groans  under  the  anvils  laid  upon  it.  They 
with  mighty  force,  now  one,  now  another,  raise  their 
arms  in  measured  cadence,  and  turn  the  metal  with 
gripping  tongs.^ 

^'•>*  While  on  the  Aeolian  shores  the  lord  of  Lemnos 
speeds  on  this  work,  the  kindly  light  and  the  morn- 
ing songs  of  birds  beneath  the  eaves  roused  Evander 
from  his  humble  home.  The  old  man  rises,  clothes 
his  limbs  in  a  tunic,  and  wraps  his  feet  in  Tyrrhenian 
sandals.  Then  to  his  side  and  shoulders  he  buckles 
his  Tegean  sword,  twisting  back  the  panther's  hide 
that  drooped  from  the  left.^    Moreover,  two  guardian 

'  The  hide  is  probably  brought  round  to  the  right  side,  so 
as  not  to  be  in  the  way  of  the  sword-hilt,  which  is  on  the 
left.  Others  take  it  to  mean  "flinging  back  (over  the 
shoulder)  a  hide,  so  that  it  hung  down  over  the  left." 

91 


VIRGIL 

praecedunt  gressumque  canes  comitantur  erilem. 
hospitis  Aeneae  sedem  et  secreta  petebat 
sermonum  memor  et  promissi  muneris  heros  : 
nee  minus  Aeneas  se  matutinus  agebat :  465 

filius  liuic  Pallas,  illi  comes  ibat  Achates, 
congressi  iungunt  dextras  mediisque  residunt 
aedibus  et  licito  tandem  sermone  fruuntur. 
rex  prior  haec : 

"  Maxirae  Teucrorum  ductor,  quo  sospite  numquam 
res  equidem  Troiae  victas  aut  regna  fatebor,  47 1 

nobis  ad  belli  auxilium  pro  nomine  tanto 
exiguae  vires  :  hinc  Tusco  claudimur  amni, 
hinc  Rutulus  premit  et  murum  circumsonat  armis. 
sed  tibi  ego  ingentis  populos  opulentaque  regnis  475 
iungere  castra  paro,  quam  fors  inopina  salutem 
ostentat.     fatis  hue  te  poscentibus  adfers. 
baud  procul  hinc  saxo  incolitur  fundata  vetusto 
urbis  Agyllinae  sedes,  ubi  Lydia  quondam 
gens,  bello  praeclara,  iugis  insedit  Etruscis.  480 

banc  multos  florentem  annos  rex  deinde  supcrbo 
imperio  et  saevis  tenuit  Mezentius  armis. 
quid  memorem  infandas  caedes,  quid  facta  tyranni 
effera  ?  di  capiti  ipsius  generique  reservent ! 
mortua  quin  etiam  iungebat  coi'pora  vivis,  485 

componens  manibusque  manus  atque  oribus  ora, 
tormenti  genus,  et  sanie  taboque  fluentis 
complexu  in  misero  longa  sic  morte  necabat. 
at  fessi  tandem  cives  infanda  furentem 
armati  circumsistunt  ipsumque  domumque,  4.90 

*^^  procedunt  P^.       *'*  nuniiue  P*. 
*'^  circumtonat  J/^. 
*"  adfer  known  to  Servius. 
92 


AENEID   BOOK   VIII 

dogs  go  before  from  the  lofty  threshold,  and  attend 
their  master's  steps.  To  the  lodging  and  seclusion  of 
his  guest,  Aeneas,  the  hero  made  his  way,  mindful  of 
his  words  and  the  service  promised.  Nor  less  early 
was  Aeneas  astir.  With  the  one  walked  his  son 
Pallas  ;  with  the  other,  Achates.  As  they  meet,  they 
clasp  hands,  sit  them  down  in  the  midst  of  the 
mansion,  and  at  last  enjoy  free  converse.  The  king 
thus  begins  : 

470  "Mightiest  captain  of  the  Teucrians, — for, 
while  thou  livest,  never  will  I  own  the  power  or 
realm  of  Troy  vanquished — our  strength  to  aid  in 
war  is  scant  for  such  a  name.^  On  this  side  we  are 
hemmed  in  by  the  Tuscan  river  ;  on  that  the  Rutulian 
presses  hard,  and  thunders  in  arms  about  our  wall. 
Yet  I  purpose  to  link  with  thee  mighty  peoples  and  a 
camp  rich  in  kingdoms,^ — the  salvation  that  unfore- 
seen chance  reveals.  'Tis  at  the  call  of  Fate  thou 
comest  hither.  Not  far  hence,  builded  of  ancient 
stone,  lies  the  peopled  city  of  Agylla,  where  of  old 
the  war-famed  Lydian  race  settled  on  the  Etruscan 
heights.  For  many  years  it  prospered,  till  King 
Mezentius  ruled  it  with  arrogant  sway  and  cruel  arms. 
Why  recount  the  despot's  heinous  murders }  Why 
his  savage  deeds?  God  keep  the  like  for  himself 
and  for  his  breed  !  Nay,  he  would  even  link  dead 
bodies  with  the  living,  fitting  hand  to  hand  and  face 
to  face  (grim  torture  !)  and,  in  the  oozy  slime  and 
poison  of  that  dread  embrace,  thus  slay  them  by  a 
lingering  death.  But  at  last,  outworn,  his  citizens  in 
arms    besiege  the  monstrous  madman,  himself  and 

*  It  is  Evander's  name  and  fame  that  brought  Aeneas 
hither. 

*  A  reference  to  the  twelve  states  of  Etruria  governed  by 
their  Liicumonea. 

93 


VIRGIL 

obtruncant  socios,  ignem  ad  fastigia  iactant. 

ille  inter  caedem  Rutulorum  elapsus  in  agros 

confugere  et  Turni  defendier  hospitis  armis. 

ergo  omnis  furiis  surrexit  Etruria  iustis^ 

regem  ad  supplicium  praesenti  Marte  reposcunt.     495 

his  ego  te,  Aenea,  ductorem  milibus  addani. 

toto  namque  fremunt  condensae  litore  puppes, 

signaque  ferre  iubent;  retinet  longaevus  haruspex 

fata  eanens  :  *  o  Maeoniae  delecta  iuventus, 

flos  veterum  virtusque  virum,  quos  iustus  in  hostem 

fert  dolor  et  merita  accendit  Mezentius  ira,  50 1 

nulli  fas  Italo  tantam  subiungere  gentem  : 

externos  opiate  duces.'     turn  Etrusca  resedit 

hoc  acies  campo,  monitis  exterrita  divum. 

ipse  oratores  ad  me  regnique  coronam  505 

cum  sceptro  niisit  mandatque  insignia  Tarchon, 

succedam  castris  Tyrrhenaque  regna  capessam. 

sed  mihi  tarda  gelu  saeclisque  effeta  senectus 

invidet  imperium  seraeque  ad  fortia  vires. 

natum  exhortarer,  ni  mixtus  matre  Sabella  510 

hinc  partem  patriae  traheret.     tu,  cuius  et  annis 

et  generi  fata  indulgent,  quem  numina  poscunt, 

ingredere,  o  Teucrum  atque  Italum  fortissime  ductor. 

hunc  tibi  praeterea,  spes  et  solacia  nostri, 

Pallanta  adiungam  ;   sub  te  tolerare  magistro  515 

militiam  et  grave  Martis  opus,  tua  cernere  facta 

adsuescat,  primis  et  te  miretur  ab  annis. 

Arcadas  huic  equites  bis  centum,  robora  pubis 

lecta,  dabo,  totidemque  suo  tibi  nomine  Pallas." 

Vix  ea  fatus  erat,  defixique  era  tenebant  520 

Aeneas  Anchisiades  et  fidus  Achates 

"2  caedes  iPP. 

*!'  fatum  P^Fty^.     indulges  P'.-  indulgeet  R. 
^1*  suo   sibi  F^y^:    tuo  sibi   AT^.      nomine   Me,   Servius: 
munere  PR-yh. 

94 


AENEID    BOOK    VIII 

his  palace,  cut  down  his  followers,  and  hurl  fire  on 
his  roof.  He,  amid  the  carnage,  flees  for  refuge  to 
Rutulian  soil,  and  finds  shelter  among  the  weapons 
of  Turnus  his  friend.  So  all  Etruria  has  risen  in 
righteous  fury  ;  with  instant  war  they  demand  the 
king  for  punishment.  Of  these  thousands,  Aeneas,  I 
will  make  thee  chief;  for  their  ships  throng  all  the 
shore  clamouring,  and  they  bid  the  standards  advance, 
but  the  aged  soothsayer  restrains  them  with  prophecy 
of  fate  :  '  O  chosen  warriors  of  Maeonia,  flower  and 
chivalry  of  an  olden  race, — ye,  whom  just  resentment 
launches  against  the  foe,  and  Mezentius  inflames 
with  righteous  wrath,  no  man  of  Italy  may  sway  a 
race  so  proud  :  choose  ye  stranger  leaders  !  '  At  that 
the  Etruscan  lines  settled  down  on  yonder  plain, 
awed  by  Heaven's  warning ;  Tarchon  himself  has 
sent  me  envoys  with  the  royal  crown  and  sceptre, 
and  offers  the  ensigns  of  power,  bidding  me  join  the 
camp  and  mount  the  Tyrrhene  throne.  But  the  frost 
of  sluggish  eld,  outworn  with  years,  and  strength  too 
sere  for  deeds  of  valour,  begrudge  me  the  command. 
My  son  would  I  urge  thereto,  were  it  not  that,  of 
mingled  blood  by  Sabine  mother,  he  drew  from  her  a 
share  in  his  fatherland.  Thou,  to  whose  years  and 
race  Fate  is  kind,  whom  Heaven  calls,  take  up  thy 
task,  most  valiant  leader  of  Trojans  and  Italians  both. 
Nay  more,  I  will  join  with  thee  Pallas  here,  our  hope 
and  comfort ;  under  thy  guidance  let  him  learn  to 
endure  warfare  and  the  stern  work  of  battle  ;  let  him 
behold  thy  deeds,  and  revere  thee  from  his  early  years. 
To  him  will  I  give  two  hundred  Arcadian  horse, 
choice  flower  of  our  manhood,  and  in  his  own  name 
Pallas  will  give  thee  as  many  more." 

^20   Scarce   had    he   ended ;    and    Aeneas   son    of 
Anchises  and    faithful  Achates,  holding   their  eyes 

95 


VIRGIL 

multaque  dura  suo  tvisti  cum  corde  putabant, 

ni  signum  caelo  Cytherea  dedisset  aperto. 

namque  improviso  vibratus  ab  aethere  fulgor 

cum  sonitu  venit  et  ruere  omnia  visa  repente         525 

Tyrrhenusque  tubae  mugire  per  aethera  clangor. 

suspiciunt :   iterum  atque  iterum  fragor  increpat 

ingens ; 
araia  inter  nubem  caeli  in  regione  serena 
per  sudum  rutilare  vident  et  pulsa  tonare. 
obstipuere  animis  alii,  sed  Troius  heros  530 

adgnovit  sonitum  et  divae  promissa  parentis, 
turn  memorat,  "ne  vero,  hospes,  ne  quaere  profecto, 
quern  casumportentaferant:  egoposcor  Olympo; 
hoc  signum  cecinit  missuram  diva  creatrix, 
si  bellum  ingrueret,  Volcaniaque  arma  per  auras   535 
laturam  auxilio. 

heu  quantae  miseris  caedes  Laurentibus  instant ! 
quas  poenas  mihi,  Turne,  dabis  !  quam  multa  sub 

undas 
scuta  virum  galeasque  et  fortia  corpora  volves, 
Thybri  pater  !  poscant  acies  et  foedera  rampant."  5-iO 

Haec  ubi  dicta  dedit,  solio  se  tollit  ab  alto 
et  primum  Herculeis  sopitas  ignibus  aras 
excitat  hesternumque  Larem  parvosque  Penatis 
laetus  adit ;  mactant  lectas  de  more  bidentis 
Euandrus  pariter,  pariter  Troiana  iuventus.  54-5 

post  hinc  ad  navis  graditur  sociosque  revisit : 
quorum  de  numero,  qui  sese  in  bella  sequantur, 
praestantis  virtute  legit ;  pars  cetera  prona 
fertur  aqua  segnisque  secundo  defluit  amni, 
nuntia  ventura  Ascanio  rerumque  patrisque.  550 

^^"  intouat  5en'iu5.      ^-'  in  omitted  .^P.      ^^^  sonsLve  PByK 

96 


AENRID   BOOK    VIII 

downcast,  would  long  have  mused  on  many  a  peril  in 
their  own  sad  hearts,  had  not  Cythera's  queen  granted 
a  sign  from  the  cloudless  sky.  For  unforeseen,  comes 
quivering  from  heaven  a  flash  with  thunder,  and  all 
seemed  in  a  moment  to  reel,  wliile  the  Tyrihenian 
trumpet-blast  pealed  through  the  sky.  They  glance 
up ;  again  and  yet  again  crashed  the  mighty  roar. 
In  the  serene  expanse  of  heaven  they  see  arms,  amid 
the  clouds,  gleaming  red  in  the  clear  air,  and  clash- 
ing in  thundei*.  The  rest  stood  aghast ;  but  the 
Trojan  hero  knew  the  sound  and  the  promise  of  his 
goddess  mother.  Then  he  cries  :  "  Ask  not,  my 
friend,  ask  not,  I  pray,  what  fortune  the  portents 
bode ;  'tis  I  who  am  summoned  of  Heaven.  This 
sign  the  goddess  who  bore  me  foretold  she  would 
send,  if  war  was  at  hand,  and  to  my  succour  would 
bring  through  the  air  arms  wrought  by  Vulcan.  Alas, 
what  garnage  awaits  the  hapless  Laurentines !  What 
a  price,  Turnus,  shalt  th.ou  pay  me  !  How  many 
shields  and  helms  and  bodies  of  the  brave,  shalt 
thou,  O  father  Tiber,  sweep  beneath  thy  waves ! 
Let  them  call  for  battle  and  break  their  covenants  !" 
^^^  These  words  said,  he  rose  from  his  lofty  throne, 
and  first  quickens  the  slumbering  altars  with  fire  to 
Hercules,  and  gladly  draws  nigh  the  Lar  of  yester- 
day ^  and  the  lowly  household  gods.  Alike  Evander, 
and  alike  the  warriors  of  Troy,  offer  up  ewes  duly 
chosen.  Next  he  fares  to  the  .«^hips  and  revisits  his 
men,  of  whose  number  he  chooses  the  foremost  in 
valour  to  attend  liira  to  war  ;  the  rest  glide  down  the 
stream  and  idly  float  with  the  favouring  current,  to 
bear  news  to  Ascanius  of  his  father  and  his  fortunes. 

'  We  are  to  assume  that,  on  the  day  of  his  arrival,  Aeneas 
had  offered  sacrifice  to  the  Lar,  or  tutelary  spirit,  of  the 
dwelling  whose  hospitality  he  enjoyed. 

97 

VOL.  11.  M 


VIRGIL 

dantur  equi  Teucris  Tynheiia  petentibus  arva ; 
ducunt  exortem  Aeneae,  quein  fulva  leonis 
pellis  obit  totuni,  praef'ulgens  unguibus  aureis. 

Fama  volat  parvam  subito  volgata  per  urbein, 
ocius  ire  equites  Tynheiii  ad  litora  regis.  555 

vota  metu  duplicaiit  matres^  propiusque  periclo 
it  timor  et  maior  Martis  iam  apparet  imago. 
turn  pater  Euandrus  dextram  complexus  euntis 
haeret,  inexpletus  laci-imans^  ac  talia  fatur  : 
'^  o  niihi  praeteritos  re^erat  si  luppiter  annoSj         560 
qualis  eram,  cum  primam  aciem  Praeneste  sub  ipsa 
stravi  scutorumque  iiicendi  victor  acervos  , 
et  regem  hac  Eruliim  dextra  sub  Tartara  misi, 
iiascenti  cui  tris  animas  Feronia  mater 
(horrendum  dictu)  dederat,  tenia  arma  movenda    565 
(ter  leto  sternendus  erat ;  cui  turn  tamen  omnis 
abstulit  haec  animas  dextra  et  totidem  exuit  armis)  : 
non  ego  nunc  dulci  amplexu  divellerer  usquam, 
nate,  tuo,  neque  finitirao  Mezentius  umquam 
huic  capiti  insultans  tot  ferro  saeva  dedisset  570 

funera^  tarn  multis  viduasset  civibus  urbem. 
at  voSj  o  superi,  et  divom  tu  maxime  rector 
luppiter,  Arcadii,  quaeso,  miserescite  regis 
et  patrias  audite  ])reces  :  si  numina  vestra 
incolumem  Pallanta  mihi,  si  fata  reservant,  575 

si  visurus  eum  vivo  et  venturus  in  unum, 
vitam  orOj  patior  quemvis  durare  laborem. 
sin  aliquem  infandum  casum,  Fortuna,  minaris, 
nunc,  nunc  o  liceat  crudelem  abrumpere  vitam, 
dum  curae  ambiguae,  dum  spes  incerta  futuri,        580 

655  Tyrrhena  Py^.    limina  Fy^,  ^^'  proprius  Pli. 

*^'  inexpletum  P^,  prefti-rtd  hy  Serums.  lacrimis  M, 
known  to  Servivs.  *^^  tunc  MPHyc:  turn  b. 

**8  finitimos  P.     usquam  PRy^.  "^  munera  P^. 

676  vivum  II.  *"  patiar  P^y.         *"  nunc  o  nunc  R. 

98 


AENEID    BOOK    VIII 

Horses  are  given  to  the  Teucrians  who  seek  the 
Tyrrhene  fields  ;  for  Aeneas  they  lead  forth  a  chosen 
steed,  all  caparisoned  in  a  tawny  lion's  skin,  glittering 
with  claws  of  gold. 

*^*  Suddenly,  spreading  through  the  little  town, 
flies  a  rumour,  that  horsemen  are  speeding  to  the 
shores  of  the  Tyrrhene  king.  In  alarm  mothers 
redouble  their  vows ;  more  close  on  peril  treads  fear, 
and  the  image  of  the  War-god  now  looms  larger. 
Then  Evander,  clasping  the  hand  of  his  departing 
son,  clings  to  him  insatiate  in  tears  and  thus  speaks  : 
"  O  if  Jupiter  would  bring  me  back  the  years  that 
are  sped,  and  make  me  what  I  was  when  under 
Praeneste's  very  walls  I  struck  down  the  foremost 
ranks,  burned  the  up-piled  shields,  victorious,  and 
with  this  right  hand  sent  down  to  Tartarus  Kingr 
Erulus,  whom  at  his  birth  his  mother  Feronia  had 
given  (awful  to  tell !)  three  lives  with  threefold 
armour  to  wear — thrice  had  he  to  be  laid  low  in 
death  ;  yet  on  that  day  this  hand  bereft  him  of  all 
his  lives  and  as  often  stripped  him  of  his  armour — 
then  never  should  I  now  be  torn,  my  son,  from  thy 
sweet  embrace.  Never  on  this  his  neighbour's  head 
would  Mezentius  have  heaped  scorn,  dealt  with  the 
sword  so  many  cruel  deaths,  nor  widowed  the  city  of 
so  many  of  her  sons !  But  ye,  O  powers  above,  and 
thou,  O  Jupiter,  mighty  ruler  of  the  gods,  pity,  I 
pray,  the  Arcadian  king,  and  hear  a  father's  prayer. 
If  your  will,  if  destiny  keep  my  Pallas  safe,  if  I  live 
still  to  see  him,  still  to  meet  him,  for  life  I  pray  ; 
any  toil  soever  have  I  patience  to  endure.  But  if,  O 
Fortune,  thou  threatenest  some  dread  mischance, 
now,  oh,  now  may  I  break  the  thread  of  cruel  life, 
— while  fears  are  doubtful,  while  hope  reads  not  the 

99 


VIRGIL 

dum  te,  care  puer,  mea  sera  et  sola  voluptas, 
complexu  teneo,  gravior  neu  nuntius  auris 
volneret."     haec  genitor  digressu  dicta  supremo 
fundebat ;  famuli  conlapsum  in  tecta  ferebaiit. 

lamque  adeo  exierat  portis  equitatus  apertis,     583 
Aeneas  inter  primos  et  fidus  Achates, 
inde  alii  Troiae  proceres,  ipse  agmine  Pallas 
in  medio,  ciilamyde  et  pictis  conspectus  in  aruiis, 
qualis  ubi  Oceani  perfusus  Lucifer  unda, 
quern  Venus  ante  alios  astrorum  diligit  ignis,  590 

extulit  OS  sacrum  caelo  tenebrasque  resolvit. 
stant  pavidae  in  muris  matres  oculisque  sequuntur 
pulveream  nubem  et  fulgentis  acre  catervas. 
olli  per  dumos,  qua  proxima  meta  viarum, 
armati  tendunt ;  it  clamor,  et  agmine  facto  595 

quadrupedante  putrera  sonitu  quatit  ungula  campum. 

Est  ingens  gelidum  lucus  prope  Caeritis  amnem, 
religione  patrum  late  sacer ;  undique  colies 
inclusere  cavi  et  nigra  nemus  abiete  cingunt. 
Silvano  fania  est  veteres  sacrasse  Pelasgos,  600 

arvorum  pecorisque  deo,  lucumque  diemque, 
qui  primi  finis  aliquando  habuere  Latinos, 
baud  procul  hinc  Tarcho  et  Tyrrheni  tuta  tenebant 
castra  locis,  celsoque  omnis  de  colle  videri 
iara  poterat  legio  et  latis  tendebat  in  arvis.  605 

hue  pater  Aeneas  et  bello  lecta  iuventus 
succedunt,  fessique  et  equos  et  corpora  curant. 

At  Venus  aetherios  inter  dea  Candida  ninibos 
dona  ferens  aderat ;  natumque  in  valle  reducta 
ut  procul  egelido  secretum  flumine  vidit,  610 

^5*  sola  et  sera  R.  ^^^  complexus  ]\PR.     ne  P^y^. 

"3  dicta]  maesta  MK        ""  et  gelido  M^PEy. 
100 


AENEID   BOOK    VIII 

future,  while  tliou,  beloved  boy,  my  late  and  lone 
delight,  art  held  in  my  embrace  ;  and  may  no 
heavier  tidings  wound  mine  ear  !  "  These  words  the 
father  poured  forth  at  their  last  parting  ;  his  servants 
bore  him  swooning  within  the  palace. 

^^5  And  now  the  horsemen  had  issued  from  the 
open  gates,  Aeneas  at  their  head  with  loyal  Achates, 
then  other  princes  of  Troy;  Pallas  himself  at  the 
column's  centre,  conspicuous  in  scarf  and  blazoned 
armour — even  as  the  Morning  Star,  whom  Venus 
loves  above  all  the  stellar  fires,  Avhen,  bathed  in 
Ocean's  wave,  he  uplifts  in  heaven  his  sacred  head 
and  melts  the  dai'kness.  On  the  walls  mothers 
stand  trembling,  and  follow  with  their  eyes  the  dusty 
cloud  and  the  squadrons  gleaming  with  brass.  They 
through  the  brushwood,  where  the  journey's  goal  is 
nearest,  fare  in  their  armour  ;  a  shout  mounts  up, 
they  form  in  column,  and  with  galloping  tramp  the 
horse-hoof  shakes  the  crumbling  plain. 

5^^  Near  Caere's  cold  stream  there  stands  a  vast 
grove,  widely  revered  with  ancestral  awe  ;  on  all  sides 
curving  hills  enclose  it,  and  girdle  the  woodland 
with  dark  fir-trees.  Rumour  tells  that  the  old 
Pelasgians  who  first,  in  time  gone  by,  held  the 
Latin  borders,  dedicated  both  grove  and  festal  day 
to  Silvanus,  god  of  fields  and  flock.  Not  far  from 
thence  Tarchon  and  the  Tyrrhenians  camped  in  a 
sheltered  spot,  and  now  from  a  high  hill  all  the  host 
could  be  seen,  their  tents  pitched  in  the  wide 
fields.  Hither  come  father  Aeneas  and  the  warriors 
chosen  for  battle,  and  refresh  their  steeds  and 
wearied  frames. 

^"8  But  Venus,  lovely  goddess,  drew  nigh,  bearing 
her  gifts  amid  the  clouds  of  heaven  ;  and  when  afar 
she  saw  her  son  apart  in  a  secluded  vale  by  the  cool 

101 


VIRGIL 

talibus  adfata  est  dictis  seque  obtulit  ultro : 
"en  perfecta  mei  promissa  coniugis  arte 
munera,  ne  mox  aut  Laurentis,  nate,  superbos, 
aut  acrem  dubites  in  proelia  poscere  Turnum." 
dixit  et  amplexus  nati  Cytherea  petivit,  Gl5 

arma  sub  adversa  posuit  radiantia  quercu. 
ille,  deae  donis  et  tanto  laetus  honore, 
expleri  nequit  atque  oculos  per  singula  volvit, 
niiraturque  interque  manus  et  bracchia  versat 
fcerribilem  cristis  galeam  flammasque  vomentem,   620 
fatiferumque  enseni,  loricam  ex  acre  rigentem, 
sanguineam,  ingentem^  qualis  cum  caerula  nubes 
solis  inardescit  radiis  longeque  refulget; 
turn  levis  ocreas  electro  auroque  recocto, 
hastanique  et  clipei  non  enarrabile  textnm.  625 

lUic  res  Italas  Romanorumque  triumjilios 
baud  vatum  ignarus  venturique  inscius  aevi 
fecerat  Ignipotens,  illic  genus  omne  futurae 
stirpis  ab  Ascanio  pugnataque  in  ordine  bella. 
fecerat  et  viiidi  letam  Mavortis  in  antro  630 

procubuisse  lupam,  geminos  luiic  ubera  circum 
ludere  pendentis  pueros  et  lambere  matrem 
impavidos,  illam  tereti  cervice  reHexa 
mulcere  alternos  et  corj)ora  fingere  lingua, 
nee  procul  bine  Romam  et  raptas sine  more  Sabinas  635 
consessu  caveae,  magnis  Cireensibus  actis, 
addiderat,  subitoque  novum  consurgere  bcllum 
Romulidis  Tatioque  seni  Curibusque  sevens, 
post  idem  inter  se  posito  certamine  reges 
armati  lovis  ante  aram  paterasque  tenentes  6lO 

stabant  et  caesa  iungebant  foeclera  porca. 
hand  procul  inde  citae  Mettum  in  di versa  quadrigae 

'-•  minaiitem  Pf^.  '-'  omnipotens  M. 

**'  rellexam  M^.  *'"  aras  R.     pateram  M. 

\0% 


AENEID   BOOK   VIII 

stream,  she  thus  addressed  liim,  of  free  will  presenting 
herself  to  view  ;  "  Lo  !  the  presents  perfected  by  my 
lord's  promised  skill !  so  that  thou  mayest  not  shrink, 
my  child,  from  challenging  anon  the  haughty  Lauren- 
tines  or  brave  Turnus  to  battle."  Cytherea  spake, 
and  sought  her  son's  embrace,  and  set  up  the  arms 
all  radiant  under  an  oak  before  him.  He,  rejoicing  in 
the  divine  gift  and  in  honour  thus  signal,  cannot  be 
sated,  as  he  rolls  his  eyes  from  piece  to  j)icce,  admir- 
ing and  turning  over  in  his  hands  and  arms  the 
helmet,  terrific  with  plumes  and  spouting  llames,  tlie 
death-dealing  sword,  the  stiff  brazen  corslet,  blood- 
red  and  huge, — even  as  when  a  dark-blue  cloud 
kindles  with  the  sun's  rays  and  gleams  afar  ;  then  the 
smooth  greaves  of  electrum  and  refined  gold,  the 
spear,  and  the  shield's  ineffable  fabric. 

^'-^  There  the  story  of  Italy  and  the  triumphs  of 
Rome  had  the  Lord  of  Fire  fashioned,  not  unversed 
in  prophecy,  or  unknowing  of  the  age  to  come  ; 
there,  every  generation  of  the  stock  to  spring  from 
Ascanius,  and  the  wars  they  fought  one  by  one.  Ha 
had  fashioned,  too,  the  mother-wolf  outstretched  in 
the  green  cave  of  Mars  ;  around  her  teats  the  twin 
boys  hung  playing,  and  mouthed  their  dam  without 
fear;  she,  with  shapely  neck  bent  back,  fondled 
them  by  turns,  and  moulded  their  limbs  with  her 
tongue.  Not  far  from  this  he  had  set  Rome  and  the 
Sabines,  lawlessly  carried  off,  what  time  the  great  Cir- 
cus-games were  held,  from  the  theatre's  seated  throng; 
then  the  sudden  upi-ising  of  a  fresh  war  between  the 
sons  of  Romulus  and  aged  Tatius  and  his  stern  Cures. 
Next,  the  self-same  kings,  their  strife  laid  at  rest,  stood 
armed  before  Jove's  altar,  cup  in  hand,  and  each  with 
each  made  covenant  o'er  sacrifice  of  swine.  Not  far 
thence,  four-horse  cars,  driven  apart,  had  torn  Mettus 

103 


VIRGIL 

distulerant  (at  tu  dictis,  Albane,  maneres  I) 
raptabatque  viri  mendacis  viscera  Tullus 
per  silvaiii,  et  sparsi  rorabant  sanguine  vepres.       645 
nee  non  Tarquinium  eiectum  Porsenna  iubebat 
accipere  ingentique  urbem  obsidione  premebat ; 
Aeneadae  in  ferrum  pro  libertate  ruebant. 
ilium  indignanti  similem  similemque  minanti 
aspicereSj  pontem  auderet  quia  vellere  Codes        650 
et  fluvium  vinclis  iniuiret  Cloelia  ruptis 

In  summo  custos  Tarpeiae  Manlius  arcis 
stabat  pro  templo  et  Capitolia  celsa  tenebat, 
Romuleoque  recens  horrebat  regia  culmo. 
atque  hie  auratis  volitans  argenteus  anser  655 

porticibus  Gallos  in  limine  adesse  canebat ; 
Galli  per  dumos  aderant  arcemque  tenebant. 
defensi  tenebris  et  dono  noctis  opacae  : 
aurea  caesaries  oil  is  atque  aurea  vestis, 
vlrgatis  lucent  sagulis,  turn  lactea  colla  660 

auro  innectuntur,  duo  quisque  Alpina  coruscant 
gaesa  manu,  scutis  protecti  corpora  longis. 
hie  exsultantis  Salios  nudosque  Lupercos 
lanigerosque  apices  et  lapsa  ancilia  caelo 
extuderat,  castae  ducebant  sacra  per  urbem  66^ 

pilentis  matres  in  moilibus.     hinc  procul  addit 
Tartareas  etiam  sedes,  alta  ostia  Ditis, 
et  scelerum  poenas,  et  te,  Catilina,  minaci 
pendentem  scopulo  Furiarumque  ora  trementeaa  ; 

"3  dispulerant  M\  «"  Qalli]  olii  R. 

^*"*  tunc  Py.  **''^  ccruscat  Py^. 


'  In  the  imperial  city  there  was  a  "  house  of  Romulus," 
with  tliatclied  roof,  on  botli  the  Capitol  and  the  Palatine. 
104 


AENEID    BOOK    VIII 

asunder  (but  thou,  O  Alban,  shouldst  have  stood  by 
thy  words  !),  and  Tulhis  dragged  through  the  woods 
the  liar's  limbs,  and  the  brambles  drip[>ed  with  dew 
of  blood.  There,  too,  was  Porsenna,  bidding  them 
admit  tlie  banished  Tarquin,  and  hemming  the  city 
with  migiity  siege :  the  sons  of  Aeneas  rushed  on 
the  sword  for  freedom's  sake.  Him  thou  mightest 
have  seen  like  one  in  wrath,  like  one  who  threats,  fov 
that  Codes  dared  to  tear  down  the  bridge,  and 
Cloelia  broke  her  bonds  and  swam  the  river. 

^'^-  At  the  to]),  Manlius,  warder  of  the  Tarpeian 
fort,  stood  before  the  temple,  and  held  the  lofty 
Capitol ;  the  palace  was  rough,  fresh  with  the  thatch 
of  Romulus.^  And  here  the  silver  goose,^  fluttering 
through  gilded  colonnades,  cried  that  the  Gauls  were 
on  the  threshold.  The  Gauls  were  near  amid  the 
thickets,  laying  hold  of  the  fort,  shielded  by  dark- 
ness, and  the  boon  of  shadowy  night.  Golden  are 
their  locks  and  golden  their  raiment ;  they  glitter  in 
striped  cloaks,  and  their  milk-white  necks  are  en- 
twined with  gold ;  two  Alpine  pikes  each  brandishes 
in  hand,  and  long  shields  guard  their  limbs.  Here 
he  had  wrought  the  dancing  Salii  and  naked  Luperci, 
the  crests  bound  with  wool,  and  the  shields  that  fell 
from  heaven ;  and  in  cushioned  cars  chaste  matrons 
moved  through  the  city  in  solemn  progress.^  Away 
from  these  he  adds  also  the  abodes  of  Hell,  the  high 
gates  of  Dis,  the  penalties  of  sin,  and  tliee,  Catiline, 
hanging  on  a  frowning  cliff,  and    trembling  at  the 

^  In  .390  B.C. ,  when  the  Gauls  attacked  the  Capitol,  they 
were  driven  back  by  Manlius,  who  had  been  roused  from 
sleep  by  cackling  geese. 

^  Roman  matrons  were  allowed  to  ride  at  sacred  proces- 
sions in  piltnla,  because  of  their  self-sacrifice  after  the 
capture  of  Veil,  395  B.C. 

105 


VIRGIL 

secretosque  pios,  his  clantem  iura  Catonem.  670 

haec  inter  tumidi  late  maris  ibat  imago, 

aurea,  sed  fluctu  spumabant  caerula  cano, 

et  circum  argento  clari  delphines  in  orbem 

aequora  vevrebant  caudis  aestumque  secabant. 

in  medio  elassis  aeratas,  Actia  bella,  675 

cernere  erat,  totumque  instructo  Marte  videres 

fervere  Lcucaten  aiu-oque  eifulgere  fliictus. 

hinc  Augustus  agens  Italos  in  proelia  Caesar 

cum  patribus  populoque,  Penatibus  et  magnis  dis, 

stans  celsa  in  puppi,  geminas  cui  tempora  Hammas  680 

laeta  vomiint  patriuuique  aperitur  vertice  sidns. 

parte  alia  ventis  et  dis  Agrippa  seciindis 

arduus  agmen  agens ;  cui,  belli  insigne  superbum, 

tempora  navali  fulgent  rostrata  corona. 

hinc  ope  barbarica  variisque  Antonius  armis,  685 

victor  ab  Aurorae  populis  et  litore  rubro, 

Aegyptum  vircsque  Orientis  et  ultima  secum 

Bactra  vehit,  sequiturque  (nefas)  Aegy])tia  coniunx. 

una  omnes  ruere  ac  totum  spumare  reductis 

convolsum  remis  rostrisque  tridentibus  aequor.      690 

alta  petunt ;  pelago  credas  innare  revolsas 

Cycladas  aut  montis  concurrere  montibus  altos: 

tanta  mole  vivi  turritis  puppibus  instant. 

stuppea  flamma  manu  telisque  volatile  fevrum 

*'2  spuinabat  MPRy.  ^^"  stat  7?.     cui]  hue  P-;  Imic  7. 

686  Aurorae]  Europao  R.     ^''^  altis  hnoivn  to  Servins. 
«9*  telique  A'. 

1  cf.  Aen.  III.  12,  with  nots. 
^  See  note  on  Eclogues,  ix.  47. 

^  The  corona  juirali.'^,  a  crown  adorned  with  ships'  beaks, 
was  a  very  special  distinction  that  was  won  by  Agrippa. 

106 


AENEID    BOOK    VIII 

faces  of  the  Furies  ;  far  apart,  tlie  good,  and  Cato 
giving  them  lav/s.  Amidst  these  scenes  flov/ed  wide 
the  likeness  of  the  swelling  sea,  all  gold,  but  the  blue 
waters  foamed  with  wliite  billows,  and  round  about 
dolphins,  shining  in  silver,  swept  the  seas  Avith  their 
tails  in  circles,  and  cleft  the  tide.  In  the  centre 
could  be  seen  brazen  ships  with  Actium's  battle  ;  one 
might  see  all  Leucate  aglow  with  War's  array,  and 
the  waves  ablaze  with  gold.  Here  Augustus  Caesar, 
leading  Italians  to  strife,  with  peers  and  people,  and 
the  great  gods  of  the  Penates,^  stands  on  the  lofty 
stern  ;  his  joyous  brows  pour  forth  a  double  flame, 
and  on  his  head  dawns  his  fatlier's  star.^  Elsewhere 
Agrippa  with  favouring  winds  and  gods,  high-towering, 
leads  his  column  ;  his  brows  gleam  with  the  benlcs  of 
the  naval  crown,^  proud  device  of  war.  Plere  Anto- 
nius  v.ith  barbaric  might  and  varied  arms,  victor  from 
the  nations  of  the  dawn  and  from  the  ruddy  sea,'' 
brings  wit'i  him  Egypt  and  the  strength  of  the  East 
and  utmost  Bactra;  and  there  follows  him  (O  shame  !) 
his  Egyptian  wife.  All  rush  on  at  once,  and  the 
whole  sea  foams,  uptorn  by  the  sweeping  oars,  and 
triple-pointed  beaks.  To  the  deep  they  speed  ;  thou 
wouldst  deem  the  Cyclades,  uprooted,  were  floating 
on  the  main,  or  that  mountains  high  clashed  with 
mountains  :  in  such  mighty  ships  the  seamen  assail 
the  towered  sterns.^  Flaming  tow  and  shafts  of 
winged     steel     are    showered    from    their    hands ; 

*  This  is  the  ware  Erythraeum,  or  Indian  Ocean,  not  the 
Rod  Sea,  as  we  know  it. 

*  Conington  takes  mole  in  the  soiT^e  of  molimine,  "  with 
giant  effort."  Benoist  refers  tanta  mole  to  the  huge  sliips  of 
Antony,  while  the  Inrritae  jiwppet  are  the  ships  of  Octaviua, 
which  Agrippa,  as  Servius  tells  us,  armed  with  towers.  This 
seems  the  most  plausible  solution  of  a  much  debated  passage. 

107 


VIRGIL 

spargitur,  arva  nova  Neptunia  caede  rubescunt.     695 
regina  in  mediis  patrio  vocat  agmina  sistro, 
necdum  etiam  geminos  a  tergo  respicit  anguis. 
omnigenunique  deum  monstra  et  latrator  Anubis 
contra  Neptunum  et  Venerem  coutraque  Minervam 
tela  tenent.     saevit  medio  in  certamine  Mavors     700 
caelatus  ferro,  tristesque  ex  aethere  Dirae, 
et  scissa  gaudens  vadit  Discordia  palla^ 
quam  cum  sanguineo  sequitur  Bellona  flagello. 
Actius  haec  cernens  arcum  intendebat  A])ollo 
desuper :  omnis  eo  terrore  Aegyptus  et  Indi,         705 
omnis  ArabSj  omnes  vertebant  terga  Sabaei. 
ipsa  videbatur  ventis  regina  vocatis 
vela  dare  et  laxos  iam  iamque  immittere  funis, 
illam  inter  caedes  pallentem  morte  futura 
fecerat  Ignipotens  undis  et  lapyge  ferri,  710 

contra  autem  magno  maerentem  corpore  Nilum 
pandentemque  sinus  et  tota  veste  voc£intem 
caeruleum  in'gremium  latebrosaque  flumina  victos. 
at  Caesar,  triplici  invectus  Romana  triumpho 
moenia,  dis  Italis  votum  immortale  sacrabat,  715 

maxima  ter  centum  totam  delubra  per  urbem. 
laetitia  ludisque  viae  plausuque  fremebant ; 
omnibus  in  templis  matrum  chorus,,  omnibus  arae  ; 
ante  aras  terram  caesi  stravere  iuvenci. 
ipse,  sedens  niveo  candentis  limine  Phoebi,  720 

dona  recognoscit  populorum  aptatque  superbis 
postibus  ;  incedunt  victae  longo  ordine  gentes, 

*'8  nigenumque  ^P■,  hence  Niligenumque  Lachmann,  and 
amnigenumque  Hoffmann.  '^"  tenens  Fy'^. 

"1  divae  3PJi.  "">*  tendebat  Py. 

719  iuvencis  M^y^.  '^^  gentes]  matres  R. 

*  The  twin  snakes  are  a  symbol  of  death,    c/.  Aen.  Ii.  203, 
VII.  450,  VIII.  289, 
108 


AENEID    BOOK    VIII 

Neptune's  fields  redden  with  fresh  slaughter.  In  the 
midst  the  queen  calls  upon  her  hosts  with  their  native 
cymbal,  nor  as  yet  casts  back  a  glance  at  the  twin 
snakes  behind.^  Monstrous  gods  of  every  form  and 
barking  Anubis  wield  weapons  against  Neptune  and 
Venus  and  against  Minerva.  In  the  midst  of  the 
fray  storms  MavorSj  embossed  in  steel,  with  the  fell 
Furies  from  on  high  ;  and  in  rent  robe  Discord  strides 
exultant,  while  Bellona  follows  her  with  bloody 
scourge.  Actian  Apollo  saw  the  sight,  and  from 
above  was  bending  his  bow;  at  that  terror  all  Egypt 
and  India,  all  Arabians,  all  Sabaeans,  turned  to  flee. 
The  queen  herself  was  seen  to  woo  the  winds,  spread 
sail,  and  now,  even  now,  fling  loose  the  slackened 
sheets.  Her,  amid  the  carnage,  the  Lord  of  Fire 
had  fashioned  pale  at  the  coming  of  death,  borne  on  by 
waves  and  the  wind  of  lapyx  ;  while  over  against 
her  was  the  mourning  Nile,  of  mighty  frame,  opening 
wide  his  folds  and  with  all  his  raiment  welcoming 
the  vanquished  to  his  azure  lap  and  sheltering 
streams.2  But  Caesar,  entering  the  walls  of  Rome 
in  triple  triumph,^  was  dedicating  to  Italy's  gods  his 
immortal  votive  gift— three  hundred  miglity  fanes 
throughout  the  city.  The  streets  rang  with  gladness 
and  games  and  shouting  ;  in  all  the  temples  was  a 
band  of  matrons,  in  all  were  altars,  and  before  the 
altars  slain  steers  strewed  the  ground.  Himself, 
seated  at  the  snowy  threshold  of  shining  Phoebus, 
reviews  the  gifts  of  nations  and  hangs  them  on  the 
proud  portals.     The  conquered  peoples  move  in  long 

*  Tlie  Nile-god  "would  be  represented  with  a  water- 
coloured  robe,  the  bosom  of  which  he  would  throw  open" 
(Conington). 

'  In  August,  29  B.C.,  Augustus  celebrated  a  triple  triumph 
for  victories  in  Dalmatia,  at  Actium,  and  at  Alexandria. 

109 


VIRGIL 

quam  variae  linguis^  habitu  tam  vestis  et  armis. 
hie  Nomadum  genus  et  discinctos  Mulciber  Afros, 
hie  Lelegas  Carasque  sagittiferosque  Geloiios         725 
finxerat ;  Euphrates  ibat  iam  mollior  undis, 
extremique  hominura  Morini,  Rhenusque  bicornis, 
indomitique  Dahae,  et  pontem  indignatus  Araxes. 

Talia  per  cHpeum  Volcanic  dona  parentis, 
miratur  rerumque  ignarus  imagine  gaudet,  730 

attollens  umero  famamque  et  fata  nepotum. 

"*  hiuc  Py.  "'  liinc  Vy. 

'^•^  tinxerat  R.  '^*  fata]  facta  c,  Serviiis. 


110 


AENEID  BOOK    VIII 

array,  as  diverse  in  fashion  of  dress  and  arms  as  in 
tongues.  Here  Mulciber  had  portrayed  the  Nomad 
race  and  the  ungirt  Africans,  here  the  Leleges  and 
Carians  and  quivered  Gelonians.  Euphrates  moved 
now  with  humbler  waves,  and  the  Morini  Avere  there, 
furthest  of  mankind  and  the  Rhine  of  double  horn,^ 
the  untamed  Dahae,  and  Araxes  chafing  at  his  bridge. 
"^-^  Such  sights  he  admires  on  the  shield  of  Vulcan, 
his  mother's  gift,  and,  though  he  knows  not  the 
deeds,  he  rejoices  in  their  portraiture,  uplifting  on 
his  shoulder  the  fame  and  fortunes  of  his  children's 
children. 

'  c/.  77  above,  and  see  note  2  on  Geory.  iv.  372.  Here 
there  may  be  a  reference  to  the  two  mouths,  the  Rhine  and 
the  WaaL 


iji 


LIBER   IX 

Atque  ea  diversa  penitus  dinn  parte  geruntur,      mpr 
Irim  de  caelo  misit  Saturnia  luno 
audacem  ad  Turnum.     luco  turn  forte  parentis 
Pilumni  Turnus  sacrata  valle  sedebat. 
ad  quem  sic  roseo  Thaumantias  ore  locuta  est :  5 

"Turnej  quod  optanti  divum  promittere  nemo 
auderet,  volvenda  dies  en  attulit  ultro. 
Aeneas  urbe  et  sociis  et  classe  relicta 
sceptra  Palatini  sedemque  petit  Euandri. 
nee  satis  :  extremas  Corythi  penetravit  ad  urbes      1 0 
Lydorumque  manum  collectos  armat  agrestis. 
•quid  dubitas?  nunc  tenipus  equos,  nunc  poscere  currus- 
rumpe  moras  omnis  et  turbata  arripe  castra." 
dixit  et  in  caelum  paribus  se  sustulit  alis 
ingentemque  fuga  secuit  sub  nubibus  arcum.  1 5 

adgnovit  iuvenis  duplicisque  ad  sidera  palmas 
sustulit  ac  tali  fugientem  est  voce  secutus  : 
"  Iri,  decus  caeli,  quis  te  mihi  nubibus  actam 
detulit  in  terras  ?  unde  haec  tam  clara  repente 
tempestas?  medium  video  discedere  caelum  20 

palantisque  polo  stellas.     sequor  omina  tanta, 

**  manus  Py^.   et  collectos  7*.       "  et  ME.      *^  sequar  M. 

*  Corythua  had  founded  Cortona,  the  principal  Etruscan 
City. 
112 


BOOK  IX 

And  while  in  the  far  distance  such  deeds  befell, 
Saturnian  Juno  sent  Iris  from  heaven  to  gallant 
Turnus,  who  as  it  chanced  was  then  seated  within  a 
hallowed  vale,  in  the  grove  of  his  sire  Pilumnus. 
To  him,  with  roseate  lips,  thus  spake  the  child  of 
Thaumas : 

**  "  Turnus,  that  which  no  god  had  dared  to  promise 
to  thy  prayers,  lo,  the  circling  hour  has  brought 
unasked  !  Aeneas,  leaving  town,  comrades,  and  fleet, 
seeks  the  Palatine  realm,  and  Evander's  dwelling. 
Nor  does  that  suffice ;  he  has  won  his  way  to  Cory- 
thus'  utmost  cities,^  and  is  mustering  in  armed  bands 
the  Lydian  country-folk.  Why  hesitate  ?  Now,  now 
is  the  hour  to  call  for  steed  and  car  ;  break  ofl"  delay, 
and  seize  the  bewildered  camp!"  She  spalce,  and 
on  poised  wings  rose  into  the  sky,  cleaving  in  flight 
her  mighty  bow  beneath  the  clouds.*  The  youth 
knew  her,  and,  raising  liis  two  upturned  hands  to 
heaven,  with  such  words  pursued  her  flight  :  "  Iris, 
glory  of  the  sky,  who  has  brought  thee  down  to  me, 
wafted  upon  the  clouds  to  earth  ?  Whence  this 
sudden  brightness  of  the  air?  I  see  the  heavens 
part  asunder,  and  the  stars  that  roam  in  the  firma- 
ment.^    I  follow  the  mighty  omen,  whoso  thou  art 

*  c/.  Aen.  v.  657-8. 

■  The  mist  veiling  the  heavens  ia  rent  asunder,  revealing 
the  stars  beyond. 

113 


VIRGIL 

quisquis  in  arma  vocas."     et  sic  efFatus  ad  undam 
processit  suminoque  Iiausit  de  gurgite  lymphas, 
multa  deos  orans,  oiieravitque  aethera  votis. 

lamque  omnis  campis  exercitus  ibat  apertis,         25 
dives  equum,  dives  pictai  vestis  et  aui'i 
(Messapus  primas  acies,  postrema  coercent 
Tyrrliidae  iuvenes,  medio  dux  agmine  Turnus),       £8 
ceu  se^Jtem  surgens  sedatis  amnibus  altus  SO 

per  taciturn  Ganges  aut  pingui  flumine  Nilus 
cum  reHuit  campis  et  iam  se  condidit  alveo. 
hie  subitam  nigro  glomierari  pulvere  nubera  fmpr 

prospiciunt  Teucri  ac  tenebras  insurgerc  campis. 
primus  ab  ad  versa  conclamat  mole  Cai'cus  :  35 

"quis  globus,  o  cives,  caligine  volvitur  atra? 
ferte  citi  ferrum,  date  tela,  ascendite  muros, 
hostis  adest,  heia  !  "  ingenti  clamore  per  omnis 
condunt  se  Teucri  portas  et  moenia  complent. 
namque  ita  discedens  praeceperat  optimus  armis     40 
Aeneas,  si  qua  interea  fortuna  fuisset, 
neu  struere  auderent  aciem  neu  credere  carapo ; 
castra  modo  et  tutos  servarent  aggere  muros. 
ergo  etsi  conferre  manum  pndor  iraque  monstrat, 
obiciunt  portas  tamen  et  praecepta  facessunt,  45 

armatique  cavis  exspectant  turribus  hostem. 
Turnus,  ut  ante  volans  tardum  praecesserat  agmen, 
viginti  lectis  equitum  comitatus,  et  urbi 
improvisus  adest :  maculis  quem  Thracius  albis 
portat  equus  cristaque  tegit  galea  aurea  rubra.         50 
"ecquis  erit,  mecum,  iuvenes,  qui  primus  in  hostem.'' 
en" — ait  et  iaculum  attorquens  emittit  in  aui-as, 

*2  et  omitted  P^.  ^'  oninis]  adeo  J\I-. 

2^  vertitur  arma  tenens  et  toto  vertice  supra  est.     This 
verse,  given  hy  inferior  MSS.,  is  talcenfrom  vii.  7S4. 

3^  magno  Py^.  "'  scandite  AP:  et  scandite  FR. 

*2  acies  R.  *■-  furor  Nonius,     monstrant  F. 

**  intorquens  M. 
114 


AENEID   BOOK    IX 

that  callest  to  arms  !  "  And  with  these  words  he 
went  onward  to  the  river,  and  took  up  water  from  the 
brimming  flood,  calUng  oft  on  the  gods  and  burden- 
ing heaven  with  vows. 

25  And  now  all  the  army  was  advancing  on  the  oj^en 
plain,  rich  in  horses,  rich  in  broidered  robes  and  gold 
— Messapus  marshalling  the  van,  the  sons  of  Tyrrhus 
the  rear,  and  Turnus  their  captain  in  the  centre  of 
the  line : — even  as  Ganges,  rising  high  in  silence 
with  his  seven  peaceful  streams,  or  Nile,  when  his 
rich  flood  ebbs  from  the  fields,  and  at  lengtli  he 
is  sunk  into  his  channel.  Here  the  Teucrians  descry 
a  sudden  cloud  gathering  in  black  dust,  and  dark- 
ness rising  on  the  plains.  First  cries  Caicus  from 
the  rampart's  front :  "  What  mass,  my  countrymen, 
rolls  onward  in  murky  gloom  ?  Quick  with  the  sword  ! 
Serve  weapons,  climb  the  walls  !  The  enemy  is  upon 
us,  ho  !  "  With  mighty  clamour  the  Teucrians  seek 
shelter  through  all  the  gates  and  man  the  ramparts. 
For  so  at  his  departure,  Aeneas,  bravest  of  warriors, 
had  charged ;  were  aught  to  chance  meanwhile, 
they  should  not  dare  to  array  their  line  or  trust  the 
field  ;  let  them  but  guard  camp  and  walls,  secure 
behind  their  mound.  Therefore,  though  shame  and 
wrath  prompt  to  conflict,  yet  they  bar  the  gates  and 
do  his  bidding,  awaiting  the  foe  under  arms  and 
within  covert  of  the  towers.  Turnus,  as  he  had 
flown  forward  in  advance  of  his  tardy  column,  with  a 
following  of  twenty  chosen  horse  comes  uj^on  the 
city  unobserved :  a  Thracian  steed,  spotted  with  white, 
bears  the  prince,  and  a  golden  helm  with  crimson 
crest  guards  his  head.  "  Gallants,  is  there  one,  who 
with  me  will  be  first  against  the  foe  to — lo  !  "  he  cries, 
and  whirling  a  javelin  sends  it  skyward — the  pre- 

115 
I  2 


VIRGIL 

principium  pugnae,  et  campo  sese  arduus  infert. 

clamorem  excipiunt  socii  frcmituque  scqiiuiitur 

horrisono  ;  Teucrum  mirantur  inertia  corda,  55 

non  aequo  dare  se  campo,  non  obvia  fene 

arma  viros,  sed  castra  fovere.    hue  turbidus  atque  liuc 

lustrat  equo  muros  aditumque  per  avia  quaerit 

ac  veluti  pleno  lupus  insidiatus  ovili 

cum  fremit  ad  caulas,  ventos  pevpessus  et  imbris,     60 

nocte  super  media ;  tuti  sub  raatribus  a2;ni 

balatum  exercent ;  ille  asper  et  iraprobus  iia 

saevit  in  absentis ;  collecta  fatigat  edendi 

ex  longo  rabies  et  siccae  sanguine  fauces : 

baud  aUter  Rutulo  muros  et  castra  tuenti  65 

ignescunt  irae,  duris  dolor  ossibus  ardet. 

qua  temptet  ratione  aditus^  et  quae  via  clauses 

excutiatTeucros  vallo  atque  effundat  in  aequuui  ? 

classem^  quae  lateri  castrorum  adiuncta  latebat,,    mpr 

aggeribus  saeptam  circum  et  fluvialibus  undis,  70 

invadit  sociosque  incendia  poscit  ovantis 

atque  manum  pinu  flagranti  fervidus  implet. 

turn  vero  incumbunt  (urget  praesentia  Turni], 

atque  omnis  facibus  pubes  accingitur  atris. 

diripuere  focos  ;  piceum  fert  fumida  lumen  75 

taeda  et  commixtam  Volcanus  ad  astra  favillam. 

Quis  deus,  o  Musae,  tam  saeva  incendia  Teucris 
avertit?  tantos  ratibus  quis  depulit  ignis  ? 
dicite.     prisca  fides  facto,  sed  fama  perennis. 
tempore  quo  primum  Phrygia  formabat  in  Ida  80 

Aeneas  classem  et  pelagi  petere  alta  parabat, 
ipsa  deum  fertur  genetrix  Berecyntia  magnum 

^'  campis  E.  ^*  clamore  FRy-,  known  to  Serviuf!. 

**  durus  Py^.     After  ardet    Coninglon   mid   most    earlier 
editors  place  a  comma. 

^"  qua  via  FMP^y,  Servius :  quae  via  P^li,  hiown  to  Servixis. 

«9  aequor  P^FK  "  qui  Py\ 

"  sed]  sit  R.  ^^  genetrix  fertur  R, 

116 


ARNEID   BOOK    IX 

lude  of  battle — and  advances  proudly  o'er  the  plain. 
His  comrades  take  up  the  shout,  and  follow  with 
dreadful  din ;  they  marvel  at  the  Teucrians'  craven 
hearts,  crying:  "They  trust  not  themselves  to  a  fair 
field,  they  face  not  the  foe  in  arms,  but  they  hug  the 
camp."  Hither  and  thither  he  rides  wildly  round 
the  walls,  seelcing  entrance  where  way  is  none.  And 
as  when  a  wolf,  lying  in  wait  about  a  crowded  fold, 
roars  beside  the  pens  at  midnight,  enduring  winds 
and  rains  ;  safe  beneath  their  mothers  the  lambs  keep 
bleating ;  he,  fierce  and  reckless  in  his  wrath,  rages 
against  the  prey  beyond  his  reach,  tormented  by  the 
long-gathering  fury  of  famine,  and  by  his  dry,  blood- 
less jaws  : — even  so,  as  he  scans  wall  and  camp,  the 
Rutulian's  wrath  is  aflame  ;  resentment  is  hot  within 
his  iron  bones.  By  what  device  shall  he  essay 
entrance  ?  By  what  path  hurl  the  prisoned  Teucrians 
from  their  rampart,  and  pour  them  on  the  plain .'' 
Hard  by  the  camp's  side  lay  the  fleet,  fenced  about 
with  mounds  and  the  flowing  river  ;  this  he  assails, 
calling  for  fire  to  his  exalting  comrades,  and  with 
liot  haste  fills  his  hand  Vvith  a  blazing  pine.  Then 
indeed  they  fall  to,  spurred  on  by  Turnus'  presence, 
and  all  the  band  armed  them  v^ith  murky  torches. 
Lo  !  they  have  stripped  the  hearths  ;  smoking  brands 
fling  a  pitchy  glare,  and  the  Fire-god  wafts  to  heaven 
the  sooty  cloud. 

■^^  What  god,  ye  Muses,' turned  such  fierce  flames 
from  the  Teucrians  ?  Who  drove  away  from  the  ships 
such  vast  fires  ?  Tell  me  ;  faith  in  the  tale  is  old, 
but  its  fame  is  everlasting.  In  the  days  when  on 
Phrygian  Ida,  Aeneas  was  first  fashioning  his  fleet  and 
})reparing  to  sail  the  deep  seas,  the  very  Mother  of 
gods,  'tis  said,  the  Berecyntian  queen,  thus  spake  to 

117 


VIRGIL 

vocibus  his  adfata  lovem  :  "  da,  nate,  petenti, 
quod  tua  cara  parens  domito  te  poscit  Olympo. 
pinea  silva  mihi,  multos  dilecta  per  annos,  85 

lucus  in  arce  fuit  summa,  quo  sacra  ferebant, 
nigranti  picea  trabibusque  obscurus  acernis : 
has  ego  Dardanio  iuveni,  cum  classis  egeret, 
laeta  dedi ;  nunc  sollicitam  timor  anxius  angit. 
solve  metus  atque  hoc  precibus  sine  posse parentem,  90 
ne  cursu  quassatae  ullo  neu  turbine  venti 
vincantur  ;  prosit  nostris  in  montibus  ortas." 

Filius  huic  contra,  torquet  qui  sidera  mundi : 
"  o  genetrix,  quo  fata  vocas  ?    aut  quid  petis  istis  ? 
mortaline  manu  factae  immortale  carinae  95 

fas  habeant?  certusque  incerta  pericula  lustret 
Aeneas  ?  cui  tanta  dec  permissa  potestas  ? 
immo  ubi  defunctae  finem  portusque  tenebunt 
Ausonios  olim,  quaecumque  evaserit  undis 
Dardaniumque  ducem  Laurentia  vexerit  arva,        100 
rnortalem  eripiam  formain  magnique  iubebo 
aequoris  esse  deas,  qualis  Nereia  Doto 
et  Galatea  secant  spumautem  pectore  pontum." 
dixerat,  idque  ratum  Stygii  per  flumina  fratris, 
per  pice  torrentis  atraque  voragine  ripas  105 

adnuit  et  totum  nutu  tremefecit  Oljmipum. 

Ergo  aderat  promissa  dies  et  tempora  Parcae 
debita  complerant,  cum  Turni  iniuria  Matrem 
admonuit  ratibus  sacris  depellere  taedas. 
hie  primum  nova  lux  oculis  ofFulsit  et  ingens  110 

»0  parentum  iP.         "  neu  MR.         >«*  et]  aut. 


AENEID   BOOK   IX 

mighty  Jove  :  "  Grant,  O  son,  to  my  prayer,  what 
thy  dear  mother  asks  of  thee,  now  lord  of  Olympus.^ 
A  gi'ove  I  had  upon  the  mountain's  crest,  whither 
men  brought  me  offerings, — a  pine-forest  beloved  for 
many  years,  dim  with  dusky  firs  and  trunks  of  maple. 
These,  when  he  lacked  a  fleet,  I  gave  gladly  to  the 
Dardan  youth  ;  now  anxious  fear  tortures  my  troubled 
breast.  Relieve  my  terrors,  and  let  a  mother's  prayer 
avail  thus  much,  that  they  be  overcome  neither  by 
stress  of  voyage  nor  by  blast  of  Avind.  Be  it  a  boon 
to  them  that  they  grew  upon  our  hills." 

'•''^  To  her  replied  her  son,  who  sways  the  starry 
world  :  "  O  mother,  whither  dost  thou  summon  fate  .'' 
Or  what  seekest  thou  for  these  of  thine .''  Should 
hulls  framed  by  mortal  hand  have  immortal  rights  ? 
And  should  Aeneas  in  surety  traverse  unsure  perils  ? 
To  what  god  is  such  power  allowed  ?  Nay,  when, 
their  service  done,  they  one  day  gain  an  Ausonian 
haven,  from  all  that  have  escaped  the  waves,  and 
borne  the  Dardan  chief  to  the  fields  of  Laurentum, 
will  I  take  away  their  mortal  shape,  and  bid  them  be 
goddesses  of  the  great  sea,  like  unto  Doto,  Nereus' 
child,  and  Galatea,  who  cleave  with  their  breasts  the 
foaming  deep."  He  said  ;  and  by  the  waters  of  his 
Stygian  brother,  by  tlie  banks  that  seethe  with  pitch 
in  black  swirling  abyss,  he  nodded  assent,  and  with 
the  nod  made  all  Olympus  tremble. 

"^^"^  So  the  promised  day  was  come,  and  the 
Destinies  had  fulfilled  their  appointed  times,  when 
Turnus'  outrage  warned  the  Mother  to  ward  off  the 
brands  from  her  sacred  ships.  Then  first  there 
flashed  upon  the  eyes  a  strange  light,  and  from  the 

^  He  therefore  has  power  to  grant  her  petition.  Serviua 
says  that  Cybele  appeals  to  her  son's  gratitude,  because 
when  Cronos  wished  to  devour  him,  she  had  saved  his  life. 

119 


VIRGIL 

visus  ab  Aurora  caelum  transcurrere  nimbus 

Idaeique  chori ;  turn  vox  horrenda  per  auras 

excidit  et  Troum  Rutulorumque  agmiiia  complet : 

"  ne  trepidate  meas,  Teucri,  defendere  navis, 

neve  armate  manus  :  maria  ante  exurere  Turno     115 

quam  sacras  dabitur  pinus.     vos  ite  solutae^ 

ite  deae  pelagi ;  genetrix  iubet."    et  sua  quaeque 

coiitinuo  puppes  abrumpunt  vincula  ripis  fmpr 

delphinumque  mode  demersis  aequora  rostris 

ima  petunt.    bine  virgineae^  mirabile  monstrum,      120 

reddunt  se  totidem  facies  pontoque  feruntur.  122 

Obstipuere  animi  Rutubs,  conterritus  ipse 
turbatis  Messapus  equis^  cunctatur  et  aranis 
rauca  sonans  revocatque  pedem  Tiberinus  ab  alto.    1 25 
at  non  audaci  Turno  fiducia  cessit ; 
ultro  animos  tollit  dictis  atque  increpat  ultro : 
"Troianos  baec  monstra  petunt,  his  luppiter  ipse 
auxilium  solitum  eripuit,  non  tela  neque  ignes 
exspectant  Rutulos.     ergo  maria  invia  Teucris       130 
nee  spes  uUa  fugae :  rerum  pars  altera  adempta  est, 
terra  autem  in  nostris  manibus ;  tot  milia  gentes 
arma  ferunt  Italae.     nil  me  fatalia  terrent, 
si  qua  Phryges  prae  se  iactant,  responsa  deorum : 
sat  fatis  Venerique  datum  est,  tetigere  quod  arva  1 35 
fertilis  Ausoniae  Troes.     sunt  et  mea  contra 
fata  mihi,  ferro  sceleratam  exscindera  gentem, 
coniuge  praerepta,  nee  solos  tangit  AtVidas 

1^"  monstrum]  dictu  R. 

^21  quot  priua  aeratae  steterant   ad   litora   prorao.     Thii 
verse,  given  only  hy  inferior  MSS. ,  is  taken  from  X.  223. 
1"  animis  Rutuli  FE.  "*  turbatus  P^R. 

1^"  exspectans  M^.  ^^^  gentis  MR. 

^3*  est  omitted  hy  M. 

1  By    Idaei    chori  the   poet   means   the   attendants  upon 
Cybele;  cf.  Aen.  iii.  111. 
120 


AENEID   BOOK   IX 

Dawn  a  vast  cloud  was  seen  to  speed  athwart  the 
sky,  with  Ida's  choirs  in  its  train  ;i  thereon  through 
the  air  fell  an  awful  voice,  filling  the  Trojan  and 
Rutulian  ranks :  "  Trouble  not,  ye  Teucrians,  to 
defend  my  ships,  nor  take  weapons  into  your  hands. 
Turnus  shall  have  leave  to  burn  up  the  seas  sooner 
than  my  sacred  pines.  Go  ye  free ;  go,  goddesses 
of  ocean  ;  the  Mother  bids  it."  And  at  once  each 
ship  rends  her  cable  from  the  bank,  and  like  dolphins 
they  dip  their  beaks  and  dive  to  the  water's  depths ; 
then  as  maiden  forms — O  wondrous  portent ! — they 
emerge  in  like  number  and  bear  out  to  sea. 

^-^  Amazed  were  the  hearts  of  the  Rutulians ; 
Messapus  himself  was  terror-stricken,  his  steeds 
affrighted  ;  and  the  hoarsely  murmuring  stream  is 
stayed,  as  Tiberinus  turns  back  his  footsteps  from 
the  deep.  But  fearless  Turnus  lost  not  heart ;  nay, 
he  raises  their  courage  with  his  words — nay,  he 
chides  them  :  "  'Tis  the  Trojans  these  portents  assail ; 
Jupiter  himself  has  bereft  them  of  their  wonted 
succour  ;  they  await  not  Rutulian  sword  and  fire.^ 
Thus  the  seas  are  pathless  for  the  Teucrians,  and 
hope  of  flight  there  is  none.  One  half  the  world  is 
lost  to  them,  but  the  earth  is  in  our  hands  :  in  such 
thousands  are  the  nations  of  Italy  under  arms. 
Naught  do  I  dread  all  the  fateful  oracles  of  heaven 
whereof  these  Phrygians  boast :  to  Fate  and  Venus 
all  claims  are  paid,  in  that  the  Trojans  have  touched 
our  rich  Ausonia's  fields.  I  too  have  my  fate  to  meet 
theirs — to  cut  down  with  the  sword  a  guilty  race  that 
has  robbed  me  of  my  bride  !    Not  the  sons  of  Atreus 

2  Their  "  wonted  succour"  must  be  the  means  of  flight, 
i.e.  the  ships,  which  the  gods  have  taken  away,  thus  fore- 
Btalling  the  Rutuli,  who  would  otherwise  have  destroyed 
them  with  fire  and  sword. 

121 


VIRGIL 

iste  dolor  solisque  licet  capere  arma  Mycenis. 
'sed  periisse  semel  satis  est'  :  peccare  fuisset        140 
ante  satis,  penitus  mode  non  genus  omne  perosos 
femineum  :  quibus  haec  medii  fiducia  valli 
fossarumque  morae,  leti  discrimina  parva, 
dant  animos.     at  non  viderunt  moenia  Troiae 
Neptuni  fabricata  manu  considere  in  ignis?  145 

sed  vos,  o  lecti,  ferro  quis  scindere  vallum 
apparat  et  mecum  invadit  trepidantia  castra  ? 
non  armis  mihi  Volcani,  non  mille  carinis 
est  opus  in  Teucros.     addant  se  protinus  omnes 
Etrusci  socios.     tenebras  et  inertia  furta  150 

Palladii,  caesis  summae  custodibus  arcis, 
ne  timeant,  nee  equi  caeca  condemur  in  alvo : 
luce  palam  certum  est  igni  circumdare  muros. 
baud  sibi  cum  Danais  rem  faxo  et  pube  Pelasga 
esse  ferant,  decimum  quos  distulit  Hector  in  annum, 
nunc  adeOj  melior  quoniam  pars  acta  diei,  156 

quod  superest,  laeti  bene  gestis  corpora  rebus 
procurate,  viri,  et  pugnam  sperate  parari." 

Interea  vigilum  excubiis  obsidere  portas 
cura  datur  Messapo  et  moenia  cingere  flammis.      l60 
bis  septem  Rutuli,  muros  qui  milite  servent, 
delecti ;  ast  illos  centeni  quemque  sequuntur 
purpurei  cristis  iuvenes  auroque  corusci. 

"»  sed]  si  7». 

***  non  modo  E :  modo  nee  some  old  MSS.  of  Pierius :  modo 
nunc  Venice  edition  of  14:12,.     perosns  i'^W*7'*;  perosum  7*. 

1"  discrimine  F^My.     parvo  F^MP^Ry :  parvaa  P^. 

""  quis]  qui  3IS^. 

^^^  Foxind  in  all  good  MSS.,  but  generally  rejected,     cf,  li. 
165.    summae]  late  F'^B.         ^"  ferant]  putent  MR. 

15"  diei  est  xM-R.  i^"  flamma  FR. 

"1  Rutulo  M\  1"  secuti  R. 

122 


AENEID   BOOK   IX 

alone  are  touched  by  that  pang,  nor  has  Mycenae 
alone  the  right  to  take  up  arms.  '  But  to  have  perished 
once  is  enough  ! '  Nay,  to  have  sinned  once  had  been 
enough,  so  that  henceforth  they  should  loathe  utterly 
well-nigh  all  womankind — these  men  to  whom  this 
trust  in  a  sundering  rampart,  these  delaying  dykes — 
slight  barriers  against  death — afford  courage  !  ^  Yet 
have  they  not  seen  Troy's  battlements,  the  work  of 
Neptune's  hand,  sink  in  flames  ?  But  ye,  my  chosen, 
who  of  you  makes  ready,  at  the  sword's  point,  to 
hew  down  the  rampart  and  rush  with  me  on  their 
bewildered  camp  ?  I  need  not  the  arms  of  Vulcan 
nor  a  thousand  ships,  to  meet  the  Trojans.  Let  all 
Etruria  join  them  forthwith  in  alliance.  Darkness 
and  cowardly  theft  of  their  Palladium,^  with  slaugh- 
ter of  guards  on  the  citadel-height,  let  them  not  fear  ; 
nor  shall  we  lurk  in  a  horse's  dusky  womb  !  In  broad 
day,  in  the  sight  of  all,  I  mean  to  gird  their  walls 
with  fire.  I  will  make  them  nowise  think  they  have 
to  do  with  Danaans  and  Pelasgic  chivalry,  whom 
Hector  kept  at  bay  till  the  tenth  year.  Now,  since 
the  fairer  part  of  the  day  is  spent,  for  what  reniains, 
gallants,  joyfully  refresh  yourselves  after  your  good 
service,  and  be  assured  that  we  are  prepai-ing  for  the 
fray." 

159  Meanwhile  charge  is  given  to  Messapus  to 
blockade  the  gates  with  posted  sentries,  and  to 
encircle  the  battlements  with  fires.  Twice  seven 
Rutulians  are  chosen  to  guard  tlie  walls  with  soldiers, 
but  on  each  attend  an  hundred  men,  purple-plumed 

*  The  argument  is  this  :  one  would  have  expected  them  to 
be  haters  of  women,  rather  than  commit  a  second  ofiFence 
like  that  of  a.bducting  Helen,  especially  as  they  are  cowards 
who  refuse  to  face  a  fight. 

»  c/.  Atn.  II   165. 

123 


VIRGIL 

discurrunt  variantque  vices  fusique  per  herbam 
indulgent  vino  et  vertunt  crateras  aenos.  mpr 

conlucent  ignes,  noctem  custodia  ducit  \66 

insomnem  ludo. 

Haec  super  e  vallo  prospectant  Troes  et  armis 
alta  tenentj  nee  non  trepidi  formidine  portas 
explorant  pontisque  et  propugnacula  iungunt,        170 
tela  gerunt.     instat  Mnestheus  acerque  Serestiis, 
quos  pater  Aeneas,  si  quando  adversa  vocarent, 
rectores  iuvenum  et  rerum  dedit  esse  magistros. 
omnis  per  muros  legio,  sortita  periclunij 
excubat  exercetque  vices^quod  cuique  tuendum  est. 

Nisus  erat  portae  custos^  acerrimus  armis,  176 

Hyrtacides,  comitem  Aeneae  quem  miserat  Ida 
venati'ix,  iaculo  celerem  levibusque  sagittis, 
et  iuxta  comes  Eurj'alus,  quo  pulchrior  alter 
non  fuit  Aeneadum  Troiana  neque  induit  arma,     180 
ora  puer  prima  signans  intonsa  iuventa. 
his  amor  unus  erat  pariterque  in  bella  ruebant ; 
turn  quoque  communi  portam  statione  tenebant. 
Nisus  ait :  "  dine  hunc  ardorem  mentibus  addunt, 
Euryale,  an  sua  cuique  deus  fit  dira  cupido  ?  185 

aut  pugnam  aut  aliquid  iamdudum  invadere  magnum 
mens  agitat  mihi,  nee  placida  contenta  quiete  est. 
cernis,  quae  Rutulos  habeat  fiducia  rerum. 
lumina  rara  micant,  somno  vinoque  soluti 
procubuerCj  silent  late  loca.     percipe  porro,  190 

quid  dubitem  et  quae  nunc  animo  sententia  surgat. 
Aenean  acciri  omnes,  populusque  patresque, 

*'i  instant  ME.  ^"  iuveni  known  to  Servius, 

^^^  sepulti  Servius. 
124 


AENEID    BOOK   IX 

and  sparkling  with  gold.  To  and  fro  they  rush,  and 
take  their  turns,  or  stretched  along  the  grass,  drink 
their  fill  of  wine  and  upturn  bowls  of  bronze.  The 
fires  burn  bright,  and  the  warders  spend  the  sleepless 
night  in  games. 

16^  On  this  scene  the  Trojans  look  forth  from  the 
rampart  above,  as  in  arms  they  hold  the  summit ;  in 
trembling  haste  they  test  the  gates  and  link  bridges^ 
and  battlements,  sword  in  hand.  Ivlnestheus  and 
valiant  Serestus  urge  on  the  work,  v/hom  father 
x'Veneas,  should  misfortune  ever  call,  left  as  leaders 
of  the  warriors  and  rulers  of  the  state.  Along  the 
walls  the  whole  host,  dividing  the  peril,  keeps  watch, 
and  serves  in  turns,  where  each  should  mount  guard. 

1'^*-'  Nisus  was  guardian  of  the  gate,  most  valiant  of 
warriors,  son  of  Hyrtacus,  whom  Ida  the  huntress 
had  sent  in  Aeneas'  train  with  fleet  javelin  and  light 
arrows.  At  his  side  was  Euryalus — none  fairer 
among  the  Aeneadac,  or  of  all  who  donned  the  Tro- 
jan arms — a  boy  who  showed  on  his  unshaven  cheek 
the  first  bloom  of  youth.  A  common  love  was  theirs  ; 
side  by  side  they  would  charge  in  the  fray  ;  now  too 
they  together  were  mounting  sentry  at  the  gate. 
Nisus  cries  :  "  Do  the  gods,  Euryalus,  put  this  fire  in 
our  hearts,  or  does  his  own  wild  longing  l)ecome  to 
each  man  a  god  ?  Long  has  my  heart  been  astir  to  dai"e 
battle  or  some  great  deed,  and  peaceful  quiet  con- 
tents it  not.  Thou  seest  what  faith  in  their  fortunes 
possesses  the  Rutulians.  Few  are  their  gleaming 
lights  ;  relaxed  with  wine  and  slumber,  they  lie 
prone ;  far  and  wide  reigns  silence.  Learn  then 
what  I  ponder,  and  what  purpose  now  rises  in  my 
mind.       People   and    senate — all    cry   that   Aeneas 

*  The  bridges  or  gangways  connect  towers  standing  out- 
side the  walls  with  the  battlements. 

125 


VIRGIL 

exposcunt  mittique  viros,  qui  certa  reportent. 
si  tibi  quae  posco  proniittunt  (nam  mihi  facti 
fama  sat  est),  tumulo  videor  reperire  sub  illo  195 

posse  viam  ad  muros  et  moenia  Pallantea." 
obstipuit  magno  laudum  percussus  amore 
Eurjalus  ;  simul  his  ardentem  adfatur  amicum  : 
"mene  igitur  socium  summis  adiungere  rebus, 
Nise,  fugis  ?  solum  te  in  tanta  pericula  mittam  ?    200 
non  ita  me  genitor,  bellis  adsuetus  Opheltes, 
Ai-golicum  terrorem  inter  Troiaeque  labores 
sublatum  erudiit,  nee  tecum  talia  gessi, 
magnanimum  Aenean  et  fata  extrema  secutus  : 
est  hie,  est  animus  lucis  contemptor  et  istum         205 
qui  vita  bene  credat  emi,  quo  tendis,  honorem." 
Nisus  ad   haec :    "  equidem   de   te    nil   tale 
verebar,  fmpr 

nee  fas,  non :  ita  me  referat  tibi  magnus  ovantem 
luppiter  aut  quicumque  oculis  haec  aspicit  aequis. 
sed  si  quis,  quae  multa  vides  discrimine  tali,  210 

si  quis  in  adversum  rapiat  casusve  deusve, 
te  superesse  velim  ;  tua  vita  dignior  aetas. 
sit  qui  me  raptum  pugna  pretiove  redemptum 
mandet  humo,  solita  aut  si  qua  id  For  tuna  vetabit, 
absenti  fcrat  inferias  decoretque  sepulcliro.  215 

neu  matri  raiserae  tanti  sim  causa  doloris, 
quae  te  sola,  puer,  multis  e  matribus  ausa 
persequitur,  magni  nee  moenia  curat  Acestae." 
ille  autem,  "causas  nequiquam  nectis  inanis, 
nee  mea  iam  mutata  loco  sententia  cedit.  220 

acceleremus,"  ait.  vigiles  simul  excitat :  illi 
succedunt  servantque  vices  ;  statione  relicta 
ipse  comes  Niso  graditur  regemque  requirunt. 

2"  ad  haec]  ait  P*.  "'  aspicis  P. 

*^*  humo  :  FJI  punctuate  after  humo,  P  and  Priecian  after 
Eolita  ;  Servius  know»  hoth  readings. 
126 


AENEID   BOOK    IX 

should  be  summoned,  and  men  be  sent  to  take  him 
sure  tidings.  If  they  promise  the  boon  I  ask  for  thee 
— for  to  me  the  glory  of  the  deed  is  enough — ■ 
methinks  beneath  yonder  monnd  I  may  find  a  path  to 
the  walls  and  fortress  of  Pallanteum."  Dazed  was 
Ruryalus,  smitten  with  mighty  love  of  praise,  and 
thus  at  once  speaks  to  his  fiery  friend  :  "  Dost  thou 
shrink  then,  Nisus,  from  linking  me  with  thee  in 
this  high  emprise?  Shall  I  send  thee  alone  into  such 
great  perils  ?  Not  thus  did  my  sire,  the  old  warrior 
Opheltes,  train  me  as  his  child  amid  Argive  terrors 
and  the  travails  of  Troy,  nor  thus  at  thy  side  have 
I  played  my  part,  following  higli-souled  Aeneas  and 
his  utmost  fate.  Here,  here  is  a  soul  that  scorns 
the  light,  and  counts  that  fame,  whereto  thou 
strivest,  cheaply  bought  with  life." 

207  To  this  Nisus  :  "  Of  thee,  surely,  I  had  no  such 
fear,  nay,  nay,  'twere  a  sin — so  may  great  Jupiter,  or 
whoso  looks  on  this  deed  with  favouring  eyes,  bring 
me  back  to  thee  in  ti'iumph  !  But  if — as  oft  thou 
seest  in  like  hazards — if  some  god  or  chance  sweep 
me  to  disaster,  I  would  that  thou  survive  ;  thy  youth 
is  worthier  of  life.  Let  there  be  one  to  commit  me 
to  earth,  rescued  from  battle  or  ransomed  at  a  price  ; 
or  if,  as  oft  befalls,  some  chance  deny  this,  to  render 
rites  to  the  absent  and  the  honour  of  a  tomb.^  Nor 
let  me,  my  child,  be  the  cause  of  such  grief  to  thy 
poor  mother,  who,  alone  of  many  mothers,  has  dared 
to  follow  thee  to  the  end,  nor  heeds  great  Acestes' 
city.""  But  he :  "Vainly  dost  thou  weave  idle  pleas, 
nor  does  my  purpose  nov/  change  or  give  way.  Hasten 
we!"  he  said,  and  therewith  rouses  the  guards. 
They  come  up,  and  take  their  turn  ;  he,  quitting  his 
post,  walks  by  Nisus'  side  as  they  seek  the  prince. 
*  i.e.  a  cenotaph.         *  c/.  Aen.  v.  715  and  750. 

127 


VIRGIL 

Cetera  per  terras  onuiis  animalia  somno 
laxabant  curas  et  corda  oblita  laborum  :  225 

ductores  Teucrum  prinii,  delecta  iuventus, 
consilium  summis  regni  dc  rebus  habebant, 
quid  facerent  quisve  Aeneae  iam  nuutius  essct. 
stant  longis  adnixi  hastis  et  scuta  tenentes 
castrorum  et  canipi  medio,     turn  Nisus  et  una       230 
Euryalus  confestim  alacres  admittier  orant ; 
rem  magnam,  pretiumque  niorae  fore,    primus  liilus 
accepit  trepidos  ac  Nisum  dicere  iussit. 
tum  sic  Flyrtacide*  :  "  audita  o  mentibus  acquis, 
Aeneadae,  neve  haec  nostris  spectentur  ab  annis,  mpr 
quae  ferimus.      Rutuli  somno  vinoque  soluti  2.S6 

conticuere  ;  locum  insidiis  conspeximus  ipsi, 
qui  patet  in  bivio  portac,  quae  pi'oxima  ponto ; 
interrupti  ignes,  aterque  ad  sidera  fumus 
erigitur;  si  fortuna  permittitis  uti,  240 

quaesitum  Aenean  et  moenia  Pallantea, 
mox  hie  cum  spoliis,  ingenti  caede  peracta, 
adfore  cernctis.     nee  nos  via  fallet  euntis  : 
vidimus  obscuris  jirimam  sub  vallibus  uvbem 
venatu  adsiduo  et  totum  cognovimus  amnem."       2 15 

Hie  annis  gravis  atque  animi  maturus  Aletes : 
"  di  patrii,  quorum  semper  sub  numine  Troia  est, 
non  tamen  omnino  Teucros  delere  paratis, 
cum  talis  animos  iuvenum  et  tam  certa  tulistis 
pectora."   sic  memorans  umeros  dextrasque  tenebat 
amborum  et  voltum  lacrimis  atque  ora  rigabat.      251 

*''  conticuere]  procubuere  Py^. 

°*^  et]  ad  c.     This  verse,  in  some  MSS.  knoion  to  Servius, 
appeared  after  243. 

2"  fallit'Pii.         '-'  moenibus  P^-yi.         ««  auimis  ij. 
128 


AENEID  BOOK    IX 

22*  All  creatures  else  throughout  all  lands  were 
soothing  their  cares  in  sleep,  and  their  hearts  were 
forgetful  of  sorrows  :  but  the  chief  Teucrlan  captains, 
flower  of  their  chivalry,  held  council  on  the  nation's 
weal,  what  they  should  do,  or  who  noAv  should  be 
messenger  to  Aeneas.  They  stand,  leaning  on  their 
long  spears  and  grasping  their  shields,  in  the  midst 
of  camp  and  plain. ^  Then  Nisus  and  Euryalus 
together  eagerly  crave  speed}'  audience  ;  the  matter, 
say  they,  is  weighty  and  will  requite  the  pause, 
liilus  was  first  to  welcome  the  im{)atient  pair,  and  to 
bid  Nisus  speak.  Then  thus  the  son  of  Hyrtacus  : 
"  Listen,  ye  men  of  Aeneas,  with  kindly  minds,  nor 
let  this  our  offer  be  judged  by  our  years.  Relaxed 
with  wine  and  slumber,  the  Rutulians  lie  silent ; 
our  own  eyes  have  marked  the  ground  for  strata- 
gem, where  it  opens  in  the  forked  way  by  the  gate 
nearest  the  sea.  The  line  of  fires  is  broken,  and 
black  smoke  rises  to  the  sky.  If  ye  permit  us  to  use 
the  chance,  and  seek  Aeneas  and  the  walls  of  Pallan- 
teurn,  soon  shall  ye  see  us  here  again,  laden  with 
spoils  after  mighty  slaughter  has  been  wrought. 
Nor  will  the  way  deceive  us  as  we  go.  Down  the 
dim  valleys  in  our  frequent  hunting  we  have  seen 
the  outskirts  of  the  town  and  have  come  to  know  all 
the  river." 

"*'  Then  Aletes,  stricken  in  years  and  sage  in 
council :  "  Gods  of  our  fathers,  whose  presence 
watches  ever  over  Troy,  not  utterly,  despite  all,  do 
ye  purpose  to  blot  out  the  Trojan  race,  seeing  that  ye 
have  brought  us  such  spirit  in  our  youths  and  such 
unwavering  souls."  So  saying,  he  caught  both  by 
shoulder   and    hand,    while    tears   rained   down   his 

^  i.e.  in  the  middle  of  the  open  space  which  the  Romans 
left  in  the  centre  of  a  camp. 

129 

VOL.  II.  K 


VIRGIL 

"quae  vobis,  quae  digua,  viri,  pro  laudibus  istis 
praemia  posse  rear  solvi  ?  pulcheirima  prinium 
di  moresque  dabunt  vestri ;  turn  cetera  reddet 
actutum  plus  Aeneas  atque  integer  aevi  255 

Ascanius,  nieriti  tanti  non  immemor  umquam." 
"immo  ego  vos,  cui  sola  salus  genitore  reducto," 
excipit  Ascanius,  "  per  magnos,  Nise,  Penatis 
Assaracique  Larem  et  canae  penetralia  Vestae 
obtestor:  quaecumque  mihi  fortuna  fidesque  est,    260 
in  vcstris  pono  gremiis  :  revocate  parentem, 
reddite  conspectura  ;  nihil  illo  triste  recepto. 
bina  dabo  argento  perfecta  atque  aspera  signis 
pocula,  devicta  genitor  quae  cepit  Arisba, 
et  tripodas  geminos,  auri  duo  magna  talenta,  265 

cratera  antiquum,  queni  dat  Sidonia  Dido, 
si  vero  capere  Italiam  sceptrisque  potiri 
contigerit  victori  et  praedae  dicere  sortem, 
vidisti  quo  Turnus  equo,  quibus  ibat  in  armis 
aureus;  ipsum  ilium,  clipeum  cristasque  rubentis     270 
excipiam  sorti,  iam  nunc  tua  praemia,  Nise. 
praeterea  bis  sex  genitor  lectissima  matrum 
corpora  captivosque  dabit  suaque  omnibus  arma, 
insuper  his  campi  quod  rex  habet  ipse  Latinus. 
te  vero,  mea  quern  spatiis  propioribus  aetas  275 

insequitur,  venerande  puer,  iam  pectore  toto 
accipio  et  comiteni  casus  complector  in  omnis. 
nulla  meis  sine  te  quaeretur  gloria  rebus ; 
seu  pacem  seu  bella  geram,  tibi  maxima  rerum 
verborumque  fides."     contra  quem  talia  fatur        280 
Euryalus :  "  me  nulla  dies  tam  fortibus  ausis 
dissimilera  ar<juerit :  tantum  fortuna  secunda 


2''  ducere  7^7*. 
*'*  campis  E.     quos  M^P^y. 

***  Strviua  puHcluaied  a/ier  tantum.     So  Eibbeck. 
130 


AENEID   BOOK    IX 

cheeks  and  face.  "  What,  sirs,  what  guerdon  shall  1 
deem  worthy  to  be  paid  you  for  deeds  so  glorious  ? 
The  first  and  fairest  heaven  and  your  own  hearts  shall 
give  ;  then  the  rest  shall  the  good  Aeneas  straight- 
way repay,  and  the  youthful  Ascanius,  forgetful  never 
of  service  so  noble."  "  Nay,"  breaks  in  Ascanius, 
"  I,  whose  sole  safety  lies  in  my  sire's  return,  I  adjure 
you  both,  O  Nisus,  by  the  great  gods  of  the  house, 
by  the  Lar  of  Assaracus,  and  by  hoary  Vesta's  shrine 
— all  my  fortune,  all  my  trust,  I  lay  upon  your  knees; 
recall  my  father,  give  him  back  to  sight ;  Avith  him 
recovered  all  grief  vanishes.  A  pair  of  goblets  will 
I  give,  wrought  in  silver  and  rough  with  chasing, 
that  he  took  when  Arisba  was  vanquished  ;  and  two 
tripods,  two  great  talents  of  gold,  and  an  ancient 
bowl  that  Dido  of  Sidon  gave.  But  if  it  be  our  lot 
to  take  Italy,  to  wield  a  victor's  sceptre  and  to  assign 
the  spoil,  thou  hast  seen  the  horse  and  the  armour 
wherewith  Turnus  rode,  all  in  gold — that  same  horse, 
the  shield  and  the  crimson  plumes  will  I  set  apari 
from  the  lot,  thy  reward,  O  Nisus,  even  now.  More- 
over my  father  will  give  twice  six  matrons  of  choicest 
beauty,  and  men  captives,  each  with  his  armour,  andj 
therewith  too,  whate'er  domain  King  Latinus  himself 
holds. ^  But  thee,  oh  youth  revered,  whom  my  age 
follows  at  nearer  distance,  at  once  I  take  all  to  my 
heart,  and  embrace  as  my  comrade  in  every  chance 
No  glory  shall  be  sought  for  my  own  lot  without 
thee  ;  be  peace  or  be  war  on  hand,  in  thee  shall  be 
my  chiefest  trust  in  deed  and  in  word." 

280  "Yo  him  thus  spoke  Euryalus  in  reply  :  "  Never 
shall  time  prove  me  unmeet  for  such  bold  em- 
prise, so  but  Fortune  prove  kind,   not   cruel.     But 

'  i.e.  the  land  now  held  by  the  king,  the  royal  domain,  is 
to  go  to  Nisus. 

131 
E  2 


VIRGIL 

haud  adversa  cadat.     sed  te  super  omnia  dona 

unum  oro :  genetrix  Priami  de  gente  vetusta 

est  mihi,  quam  miseram  tenuit  non  Ilia  tellus        285 

niecum  excedentem,  non  moenia  regis  Acestae. 

hanc  ego  nunc  ignaram  liuius  quodcumque  pericli  est 

inque  salutatam  linquo  ;  nox  et  tua  testis 

dextera,  quod  nequeam  lacrimas  perferre  parentis. 

at  tu^  orOj  solare  inopem  et  succurre  rclictae.  29C 

hanc  sine  me  spem  ferre  tui :  audentior  ibo 

in  casus  omnis."     percussa  mente  dedere 

Dardanidae  lacrimas,  ante  omnis  pulcher  lulus, 

atque  animum  patriae  strinxit  pietatis  imago. 

tum  sic  effatur  :  295 

"  sponde  digna  tuis  ingentibus  omnia  coeptis. 

namque  erit  ista  mihi  genetrix  nomenque  Creusae 

solum  defuerit,  nee  partum  gratia  talem 

parva  manet.    casus  factum  quicumque  sequentur, 

per  caput  hoc  iuro,  per  quod  pater  ante  solebat :      300 

quae  tibi  polliceor  reduci  rebusque  secundis, 

haec  eadem  matrique  tuae  generique  manebunt." 

sic  ait  inlacrimans ;  umero  simul  exuit  ensem 

auratum,  mira  quern  fecerat  arte  Lycaon 

Gnosius  atque  habilem  vagina  aptarat  eburna.        305 

dat  Niso  Mnestheus  pellem  horrentisque  leonis 

exuvias^  galeam  fidus  permutat  Aletes. 

protinus  armati  inccdunt ;  quos  omnis  euntis 

primorum  manus  ad  portas,  iuvenumque  senumque, 

prosequitur  votis.     nee  non  et  pulcher  lulus,         310 

ante  annos  animumque  gerens  curamque  virilem, 

multa  patri  mandata  dabat  portanda :  sed  aurae 

omnia  discerpunt  et  nubibus  inrita  donant. 

Egressi  superant  fossas  noctisque  per  umbram 
castra  inimica  petunt,  multis  tamen  ante  futuri     315 

*^'  haud]  aut  y^bc,  Serviiis.  **'  est  omitted  by  ^PPIi. 

*•'  dederunt  Pliy.         *'*  spondeo  o^c.         *"''  sequetur  P. 
132 


AENEID   BOOK    IX 

from  thee,  above  all  thy  gifts,  this  one  thing  I  ask. 
A  mother  I  have,  of  Priam's  ancient  line,  whom 
neither  the  llian  land  nor  King  Acestes'  city  could 
keep,  poor  soul,  from  faring  forth  with  me.  Her 
now  I  leave  without  knowledge  of  this  peril,  be  it 
what  it  may,  and  without  word  of  farewell,  because 
— night  and  thy  right  hand  be  witness — I  could  not 
bear  a  mother's  tears.  But  do  thou,  I  pray,  comfort 
the  helpless,  and  relieve  the  desolate.  Let  me  take 
with  me  this  hope  in  thee  ;  more  boldly  shall  I  meet 
all  hazards." 

292  Touched  to  the  heart,  the  Dardanians  shed  tears 
— fair  liilus  before  them  all,  and  the  picture  of  filial 
love  touched  his  soul.  Then  thus  he  spoke  :  "  Be  sure 
that  all  shall  be  worthy  of  thy  mighty  enterprise ; 
for  she  shall  be  a  mother  to  me,  lacking  but  t!ie 
name  Creiisa ;  nor  does  slight  honour  await  her  who 
bore  such  a  son.  Whatever  chance  attend  thy  deed, 
I  sM'ear  by  this  head  whereby  my  father  was  wont  to 
swear,  what  I  promise  to  thee  on  thy  prosperous  return 
shall  abide  the  same  for  thy  mother  and  thy  house." 
So  he  speaks  weeping ;  and  therewithal  strips  from 
his  shoulder  the  gilded  sword,  fashioned  with  wond- 
rous art  by  Lycaon  of  Gnosus  and  fitted  for  use  with 
ivory  sheath.  To  Nisus  Mnestheus  gives  a  skin, 
spoil  of  a  shaggy  lion :  faithful  Aletes  exchanges 
his  helmet.  At  once  they  advance  in  arms  and  as 
they  go  all  the  company  of  princes,  young  and  old, 
escort  them  to  the  gate  with  vows.  Likewise  fair 
liilus,  with  a  man's  mind  and  a  spirit  beyond  his 
years  gave  many  a  charge  to  carry  to  his  father. 
But  the  breezes  scatter  all  and  give  them  fruitless  to 
the  clouds  ! 

3^*  Issuing,  they  cross  the  trenches,  and  through 
the  shadow  of  night  seek  that  fatal  camp — yet  des- 

13.S 


VIRGIL 

exitio.     passim  somno  vinoque  per  herbam 

corpora  fusa  vident,  arrectos  litore  currus, 

inter  lora  rotasque  viros,  simul  anna  iacere, 

vina  simul.     prior  Hyrtacides  sic  ore  locutus  : 

"  Eur jale,  audendum  dextra ;  nunc  ipsa  vocat  res.    320 

hac  iter  est.     tu,  ne  qua  manus  se  attollere  nobis 

a  tergo  possit,  custodi  et  consule  longe ; 

haec  ego  vasta  dabo  et  lato  te  limite  ducam." 

sic  memorat  vocemque  premit;  simul  ense  superbum 

Rhamnetem  adgreditur,  qui  forte  tapetibus  aitis   325 

exstructus  toto  proflabat  pectore  somnum, 

rex  idem  et  regi  Turno  gratissimus  augur ; 

sed  non  augurio  potuit  depellere  pestem. 

tris  iuxta  famulos  temere  inter  tela  iacentis 

armigerumque  Remi  premit  aurigamque  sub  ipsis    330 

nactus  equis  ferroque  secat  pendentia  coUa  ; 

tum  caput  ipsi  aufert  domino  truncumque  relinquit 

sanguine  singultantem  ;  atro  tepefacta  cruore 

terra  torique  madent.     nee  non    Lamyrumque 

Lamumque 
et  iuvenem  Serranum,  ilia  qui  plurima  nocte  335 

luserat,  insignis  facie,  multoque  iacebat 
membra  deo  victus  ;  felix,  si  protinus  ilium 
aequasset  nocti  ludum  in  lucemque  tulisset. 
impastus  ceu  plena  leo  per  ovilia  turbans 
(suadet  enim  vesana  fames)  manditque  trahitque     S-IO 
molle  pecus  mutumque  metu,  fremit  ore  cruento. 
nee  minor  Euryali  caedes  ;  incensus  et  ipse 
perfurit  ac  multam  in  medio  sine  nomine  plebem, 

'*'  umbra m  R.         ^*'  tela]  lora  R, 
«"  multumque  M^P^R. 
134 


AENEID   BOOK    IX 

tined  first  to  be  the  doom  of  many.  Everywhere 
they  see  bodies  stretched  along  the  grass  in  drunken 
sleep,  chariots  atilt  on  the  shore,  men  lying  amid 
wheels  and  harness,  their  arms  and  flagons  all  about. 
First  the  son  of  Hyrtacus  thus  began:  "Euryalus, 
the  hand  must  dare  ;  now  the  occasion  itself  invites  ; 
here  lies  our  way.  Watch  thou,  that  no  arm  be 
raised  against  us  from  behind,  and  keep  wide  outlook. 
Here  will  I  deal  destruction,  and  by  a  broad  path 
show  thee  the  way."  So  speaks  he,  then  checks  his 
voice,  and  at  once  drives  his  sword  at  haughty 
Rhamnes,  who,  hapl}^  pillowed  on  high  coverlets,  was 
drawing  from  all  his  breast  the  breath  of  sleep — a 
king  himself,  and  King  Turnus'  best-beloved  augur ; 
but  not  by  augury  could  he  avert  liis  doom.  Three 
attendants  he  slew  at  his  side,  as  they  lay  carelessly 
amid  their  arms,  and  Remus'  armour-bearer,  and  the 
charioteer,  catching  him  at  the  horses'  feet.  Their 
drooping  necks  he  severs  with  the  sword  ;  then  lops 
off  the  head  of  their  lord  himself,  and  leaves  the 
trunk  spurting  blood  ;  ground  and  couch  reek  with 
the  warm  black  gore.  Laniyrus,  too,  he  slays,  and 
Lamus,  and  youtliful  Serranus,  of  wondrous  beauty, 
who  had  played  long  that  night,  and  lay  with  limbs 
vanquished  by  the  god's  abundance  ;  ^  happy  he,  had 
he  played  on,  making  that  game  one  with  the  night, 
and  pursuing  it  to  the  dawn  !  Even  so,  an  unfed 
lion,  rioting  through  full  sheepfulds,  for  the  madness 
of  hunger  constrains  him,  mangles  and  rends  the 
feeble  Hock  that  are  dumb  with  fear,  and  growls 
with  blood-stained  mouth.  Nor  less  is  the  slaughter 
of  Euryalus;  he  too,  all  aflame,  storms  madly,  and 
falls  on  the  vast  and  unnamed  multitude  before  him, 

*  The   god   is   Sleep  ;    less   probably,    Bacchus.     For   tlie 
playing,  c/.  1.   167  above. 

135 


VIRGIL 

Fadumque    Herbesumque     subit     Rhoetumque 

Abarimque, 
ignaros;  Rhoetum  vigilantem  et  cuncta  videntem;  345 
sed  magniiin  raetuens  se  post  cratera  tegebat : 
pectore  in  adverse  totum  cui  comminus  ensem 
condidit  adsurgenti  et  multa  morte  recepit. 
purpuream  vomit  ille  animam  et  cum  sanguine  mixta 
vina  refert  moriens  ;  hie  furto  fervidus  instat.        350 
iamque  ad  Messapi  socios  tendebat ;  ibi  ignem 
deficere  extremum  et  religatos  rite  videbat 
carpere  gramen  equos  :  breviter  cum  talia  Nisus 
(sensit  enim  nimia  caede  atque  cupidine  fern)    mprv 
"absistamus,"  ait;  "nam  lux  inimica  jii'opinquat.     355 
poenarum  exliaustum  satis  est,  via  facta  per  hostis." 
multa  virum  solido  argento  perfecta  relinquunt 
armaque  craterasque  simul  pulchrosque  tapetas. 
Euryalus  phaleras  Rhamnetis  et  aurea  bullis 
cingula,  Tiburti  Remulo  ditissimus  olim  360 

quae  raittit  dona,  hospitio  cum  iungeret  absens, 
Caedicus  ;  ille  suo  moriens  dat  habere  nepoti ; 
post  mortem  bello  Rutuli  pugnaque  potiti : 
haec  rapit  atque  umeris  nequiquam  fortibus  aptat. 
turn  galeam  Messapi  habilem  cristisque  decoram  365 
induit.     excedunt  castris  et  tuta  capessunt. 
Interea  praemissi  equites  ex  urbe  Latma, 
cetera  dum  legio  campis  instructa  moratur, 
ibant  et  Turno  regi  responsa  ferebant, 
tercentum,  scutati  omnes,  Volcente  magistro.        370 
iamque  propinquabant  castris  muroque  subibant, 

**'  purpureum  knomn  to  Sei^iiis,  and  to  be  construtd  with 
ensem. 

^®*  aptaut  V.         •*"  regis  Serviua.         ^'*  muros  Py. 
136 


AENEID    BOOK    IX 

Fadus  and  Herbesus,  Rhoetus  and  Abaris — uncon- 
scious these ;  but  Rlioetus  was  awake  and  saw  it  all, 
yet  in  his  fear  crouched  behind  a  mighty  bowl. 
Right  in  his  breast,  as  he  rose  close  by,  the  foe 
plunged  his  sword  its  full  length,  and  drew  it  back 
steeped  in  death. ^  Rhoetus  belches  forth  his  red 
life,  and  dying  casts  up  wine  mixed  with  blood  ;  the 
other  hotly  pursues  his  stealthy  work.  And  now  he 
drew  near  Messapus'  followers.  There  he  saw  the 
last  fires  flickering,  and  horses,  duly  tethered,  crop- 
ping the  grass ;  when  Nisus  briefly  speaks  thus — for 
he  saw  his  comrade  swept  away  by  reckless  lust  of 
carnage  :  "  Let  us  away  ;  for  the  unfriendly  dawn  is 
nigh.  Vengeance  is  sated  to  the  full ;  a  path  is  cut 
through  the  foe."  Many  a  soldier's  arms,  wrought 
in  solid  silver,  they  leave  behind — and  bowls  there- 
with, and  beautiful  carpets.  Euryalus  takes  the 
trappings  of  Rhamnes  and  his  gold-studded  sword- 
belt,  gifts  that  of  old  wealthy  Caedicus  sent  to 
Remulus  of  Tibur,  when  plighting  friendship  far 
away ;  he  when  dying  gave  them  to  his  grandson  for 
his  own ;  after  his  death  the  Rutulians  ca{)tured 
them  in  war  and  battle.  These  he  tears  away,  and 
fits  upon  his  valiant  breast — all  in  vain.  Then  he 
dons  Messapus'  shapely  helm,  with  its  graceful 
plumes.  They  issue  forth  from  the  camp  and  make 
for  safety. 

^'^'^  Meanwhile  horsemen,  sent  forward  from  the 
Latin  city,  while  the  rest  of  the  force  halts  arrayed 
upon  the  plains,  came  bearing  a  reply  to  King  Tur- 
nus— three  hundred,  all  under  shield,  with  Volcens 
as  leader.  And  now  they  were  nearing  the  camp 
and  coming  under  the  wall,  when  at  a  distance  they 

*  Rendered  by  some  ' '  welcomed  him  with  abundant 
death." 

137 


VIRGIL 

cum  procul  hos  laevo  flectentis  limite  cerniint 
et  galea  Euryalum  sublustri  noctis  in  umbra 
prodidit  immemorem  radiisque  adversa  refulsit. 
haud  temere  est  visum :  conclamat  ab  agmine 

Volcens  375 

"state,  viri.  quae  causa  viae  ?  quive  estis  in  armis? 
quove  tenetis  iter?"  nihil  illi  tendere  contra, 
sed  celerare  fugam  in  silvas  et  fidere  nocti. 
obiciunt  equites  sese  ad  divortia  nota 
hinc  atque  hinc  omnemque  abitum  custode  coronant. 
silva  fuit  late  dumis  atque  ilice  nigra  381 

horrida,  quam  densi  complebant  undique  sentes; 
rara  per  occultos  lucebat  semita  calles. 
Euryalum  tenebrae  ramorum  onerosaque  praeda 
impediunt  fallitque  timor  regione  viarum.  385 

Nisus  abit.     iamque  imprudens  evaserat  hostis 
atque  locos,  qui  post  Albae  de  nomine  dicti 
Albani  (tum  rex  stabula  alta  Latinus  liabebat), 
ut  stetit  et  frustra  absentem  respexit  amicuni : 
"Euryale  infelix,  qua  te  regione  reliqui  ?  390 

quave  sequar,  rursus  perplexum  iter  omne  revolvens 
fallacis  silvae?  "  simul  et  vestigia  retro 
observata  legit  dumisque  silentibus  errat. 
audit  equos,  audit  strepitus  et  signa  sequentum, 
nee  longum  in  medio  tempus,  cum  clamor  ad  auris   395 
pervenit  ac  videt  Euryalum,  quem  iam  manus  omnis 
fraude  loci  et  noctis,  subito  turbante  tumultu, 
oppressum  rapit  et  conantem  plurima  frustra. 
quid  faciat  ?  qua  vi  iuvenem,  quibus  audeat  armis 
eripere  ?  an  sese  medios  moriturus  in  hostis  400 

inferat  et  pulchram  properet  per  volnera  mortem? 

375  aggere  Fy^.  "^  silvis  Py. 

380  aditum  nry^.         ^ss  cornplerant  P/ilF. 
383  ducebat  /'*,  know)i  to  Servhui.         38?  j^cos  a*c. 
391  resolves  i/^.  "'  hostis]  ensid  P,  known  to  Servius. 

138 


AENEID    BOOK    IX 

see  the  two  turning  away  by  a  pathway  to  the  left ; 
and  in  the  ghmmering  shadows  of  night  liis  hehn 
betrayed  the  thoughtless  Euryalus,  as  it  flashed  back 
the  light.  Not  unheeded  was  the  sight.  From  his 
column  shouts  V^olcens  :  "  Halt,  sirs  !  Wherefore  on 
a  journey  ?  Who  are  ye  in  arms  ?  Or  whither  are 
ye  going?  "  They  essay  no  response,  but  speed  their 
flight  to  the  wood  and  trust  to  night.  On  this  side 
and  that  the  horsemen  bar  the  well-known  crossways, 
and  with  sentinels  girdle  every  outlet.  The  forest 
spread  wide  with  shaggy  thickets  and  dark  ilex ; 
dense  briers  filled  it  on  every  side ;  here  and  there 
glimmered  the  path  through  the  hidden  glades. 
Euryalus  is  hampered  by  the  shadowy  branches  and 
the  burden  of  his  spoil,  and  fear  misleads  him  in  the 
line  of  his  path.  Nisus  gets  clear  ;  and  now,  in  heed- 
less course,  he  had  escaped  the  foe  to  the  place 
afterward  styled  Alban  from  Alba's  name — at  that 
time  King  Latinus  had  there  his  stately  stalls — when 
he  halted  and  looked  back  in  vain  for  his  lost  friend. 
"  Unhappy  Euryalus,  where  have  I  left  thee  ?  Or 
where  shall  I  follow,  again  unthreading  all  the  tan- 
gled path  of  the  treacherous  wood?  "  Therewith  he 
scans  and  retraces  his  footsteps,  and  wanders  in  the 
silent  thickets.  He  hears  the  horses,  hears  the 
shouts  and  signals  of  pursuit.  Nor  was  the  interval 
long,  when  a  cry  reached  his  ears,  and  he  sees 
Euryalus,  whom,  now  betrayed  by  the  ground  and 
night  and  bewildered  by  the  sudden  turmoil,  the 
whole  band  is  dragging  away  overpowered  and  strug- 
gling violently  in  vain.  What  can  he  do  ?  With 
what  force,  what  arms  dare  he  rescue  the  yoxitli  ? 
Or  shall  he  cast  himself  on  his  doom  amid  the  foe, 
and  win  mid  wounds  a  swift  and   glorious   death  ? 

139 


VIRGIL 

ocius  adJucto  torquens  hastile  lacerto, 
suspiciens  altam  Lunam  sic  voce  precatur : 
"  tu,  dea,  tu  praesens  nostro  succurre  labori, 
astrorum  decus  et  nemorum  Latonia  custos.  405 

si  qua  tuis  umquam  pro  me  pater  Hyrtacus  aris     mpr 
dona  tulit,  si  qua  ipse  meis  venatibus  auxi 
suspendive  tholo  aut  sacra  ad  fastigia  fixi, 
hunc  sine  me  turbare  globum  et  rege  tela  per  auras." 
dixerat  et  toto  conixus  corpore  ferrum  410 

conicit.     hasta  volans  noctis  diverberat  umbras 
et  venit  aversi  in  tergum  Suhnonis  ibique 
frangitur,  ac  fisso  transit  praecordia  ligno. 
volvitur  ille  vomens  calidum  de  pectore  flumen 
frigidus  et  longis  singultibus  ilia  pulsat.  415 

diversi  circumspiciunt.      hoc  acrior  idem 
ecce  aliud  summa  telum  librabat  ab  aure. 
dum  trepidant^  it  hasta  Tago  per  tempus  utrumque, 
stridens,  traiectoque  haesit  tepefacta  cerebro. 
saevit  atrox  Volcens  nee  teli  conspicit  usquam       420 
auctorem  nee  quo  se  ardens  immittere  possit. 
"  tu  tamen  interea  calido  mihi  sanguine  poenas 
persolves  amborum  "  inquit ;  simul  ense  recluso 
ibat  in  Euryalum.     tum  vero  exterritus,  amens, 
conclamat  Nisus,  nee  se  celare  tenebris  425 

amplius  aut  tantum  potuit  perferre  dolorem  : 
"me,  me,  adsum,  qui  feci,  in  me  convertite  ferrum, 
o  Rutuli !  mea  fraus  omnis ;  nihil  iste  nee  ausus 
nee  potuit ;  caelum  hoc  et  conscia  sidera  tester  ; 

«03  altam  lunam  et  MPj:  altam  ad  lunam  et  RF:  altam 
lunam  {wilhout  et)  early  editors.         •"  adversi  ilPEy. 

*'*  acrius  iPP*-^^.         *i'  telum  summa  Py. 

"»  lit  Py.  "0  umquam  i/». 

140 


AENEID    BOOK    IX 

Quickly  he  draws  back  his  arm  with  poised  spear^ 
and  lookin«^  up  to  the  moon  on  high,  thus  prays  : 
"  Thou  goddess,  be  thou  present  and  aid  our  en- 
deavour, O  Latona's  daughter,  glory  of  the  stars  and 
guardian  of  the  groves ;  if  ever  my  father  Hyrtacus 
brought  any  gifts  for  me  to  thy  altars,  if  ever  I  have 
honoured  ^  thee  with  any  from  my  own  hunting, 
have  hung  offerings  in  thy  dome,  or  fastened  them 
on  tliy  holy  roof,'  grant  me  to  confound  yon  troop, 
and  guide  my  weapons  through  the  air."  He  ended, 
and  with  all  his  straining  body  flung  the  steel.  The 
flying  spear  whistles  through  the  sliadows  of  night, 
strikes  the  turned  back  of  Sulmo,  then  snaps,  and 
with  the  broken  wood  pierces  the  midriff.  Spouting 
a  warm  torrent  from  his  breast  he  rolls  over  chill  in 
death,  and  long  gasps  heave  his  sides.  This  way  and 
that  they  gaze  round.  All  the  fiercer,  lo !  he  is 
poising  another  weapon  from  the  ear-tip.  While 
they  hesitate,  the  spear  goes  whizzing  through  Tagus' 
either  temple,  and  lodged  warm  in  the  cloven  brain. 
Volcens  storms  with  rage,  yet  nowhere  espies  the 
sender  of  the  dart,  nor  where  to  vent  his  rage. 
"Yet  thou,  meanwhile,  with  thy  hot  blood,  shalt  pay 
me  vengeance  for  both,"  he  cried,  and  as  he  spake, 
rushed  with  drawn  sword  on  Euryalus.  Then  indeed, 
frantic  with  terror,  Nisus  shrieks  aloud ;  no  longer 
could  he  hide  himself  in  darkness  or  endure  such 
agony:  ''On  me — on  me — here  am  I  who  did  the 
deed — on  me  turn  your  steel,  O  Rutulians !  Mine  is 
all  the  guilt ;  he  neither  dared  nor  could  have  done 
aught ;    this    heaven   be    witness  and  the  all-seeing 

*  The  word  auxi  has  a  special  religious  sense  here,  like 
mactare. 

'  By  fastigia  is  meant  the  gable-roof  of  the  exterior,  over 
the  entrance  ;  the  tholua  is  the  domed  interior. 


VIRGIL 

tantum  infelicem  nimium  dilexit  amicum."  430 

talia  dicta  dabat,  sed  viribus  ensis  adactus 
transabiit  costas  et  Candida  pectora  rumpit. 
volvitur  Euryalus  leto^  pulchrosque  per  artus 
it  cruor  inque  umeros  cervix  conlapsa  recumbit : 
purpureas  veUiti  cum  flos  succisus  aratro  435 

languescit  moriens^  lassove  papavera  coUo 
demisere  cajjut^  pluvia  cum  forte  gravantur. 
at  Nisus  ruit  in  niedios,  solumque  per  omnis 
Volcentem  petit^  in  solo  Volcente  moratur, 
quem  circum  glomerati  liostes  hinc  comniinus  atque 

liinc  440 

proturbant.     instat  non  setius  ac  rotat  ensem 
fulmineum,  donee  Rutuli  clamantis  in  ore 
condidit  adverse  et  moriens  animam  abstulit  hosti. 
turn  super  exanimum  sese  proiecit  amicum 
confossus  placidaque  ibi  demum  morte  quievit.      445 

Fortunati  ambo  !   si  quid  mea  carmina  possunt, 
nulla  dies  umquam  memori  vos  eximet  aevo, 
dum  domus  Aeneae  Capitoli  immobile  saxum 
accolet  imperiumque  pater  Romanus  habebit. 

Victores  praeda  Rutuli  S2)oliisque  potiti  450 

Volcentem  exanimum  flentes  in  castra  ferebant. 
nee  minor  in  castris  luctus  Rhamnete  reperto 
exsangui  et  primis  una  tot  caede  peremptis, 
Serranoque  Numaque.    ingens  concursus  ad  ipsa 
corpora  seminecisque  viros  tepidaque  recentem     455 
caede  locum  et  plenos  spumanti  sanguine  rivos. 

"«  transadibit  M^:  transadigit  M^Fy.     rujjit  R 

*"  hostis  f". 

"*  tepidam   J/^;    tepidum    2PPEy^,    knoini    to    Servius . 
tepida  y^bc,  Scrviits.     recenti  Py^,  knou-n  to  Strviua. 

*8*  pleno  AlFK     spumantis  MF£,  Servius. 
142 


AENEID   BOOK    IX 

stars !  He  but  loved  his  hapless  friend  too  well." 
Thus  was  he  pleading ;  but  the  sword,  driven  with 
force,  has  passed  through  the  ribs  and  rends  the 
snowy  breast.  Euryalus  rolls  over  in  death  ;  athwart 
his  lovely  limbs  runs  the  blood,  and  his  drooping 
neck  sinks  on  his  shoulder  :  as  when  a  purple  flower, 
severed  by  the  plough,  droops  in  death ;  or  as  pop- 
pies, with  weary  neck,  bow  the  head,  when  weighted 
by  some  chance  shower.  But  Nisus  rushes  amidst 
them,  and  sole  among  all  seeks  Volcens,  to  Volcens 
alone  gives  heed.  Round  him  the  foe  cluster,  and 
on  every  side  seek  to  hurl  him  back.  Onward  none 
the  less  he  presses,  whirling  his  lightning  blade, 
till  he  plunged  it  full  in  the  face  of  the  shrieking 
Rutulian,  and,  dying,  bereft  his  foe  of  life.  Then, 
pierced  through  and  through,  he  flung  himself  above 
his  lifeless  friend,  and  there  at  length,  in  the  peace 
of  death,  found  rest. 

^"^^  Happy  pair  I  If  aught  my  verse  avail,  no 
day  shall  ever  blot  you  from  the  memory  of  time,  so 
long  as  the  house  of  Aeneas  shall  dwell  on  the  Capi- 
tol's unshaken  rock,  and  the  Father  of  Rome  hold 
sovereign  sway  I  ^ 

*^^  The  victorious  Rutulians,  masters  of  plunder 
and  spoils,  with  tears  bore  lifeless  Volcens  to  the 
camp.  Nor  in  that  camp  was  the  wailing  less,  when 
Rhamnes  was  found  drained  of  life,  and  so  many 
chieftains  slain  in  a  single  carnage,  here  Serranus, 
and  here  Numa.  A  mighty  throng  rushes  to  the 
dead  and  dying  men,  to  the  ground  fresh  v/ith  warm 
slaughter  and  the  full  streams  of  foaming  blood.     In 

*  By  the  domus  Aeneae  is  meant  not  merely  the  Julian 
house,  but  the  Roman  people.  The  paler  Romanus  refers  to 
the  imperial  hue. 

143 


VIRGIL 

adgnoscunt  spolia  inter  se  galeamque  nitentera 
Messapi  et  multo  plialeras  sudore  receptas. 

Et  iam  prima  novo  spargebat  luniine  terras 
Titlioni  croceum  linquens  Aurora  cubile  ;  460 

iam  sole  infuso,  iam  rebus  luce  retectis, 
Turnus  in  arma  viros,  armis  circumdatus  ipse, 
suscitat,  aeratasque  acies  in  proelia  cogit 
quisque  suas  variisque  acuunt  rumoribus  iras. 
quin  ipsa  arrcctis  (visu  miserabile)  in  hastis  465 

praefigunt  capita  et  multo  clamore  sequuntur 
Euryali  et  Nisi. 

Aeneadae  duri  murorum  in  parte  sinistra 
opposucre  aciem  (nam  dcxtera  cingitur  amni) 
ingentisque  tenent  fossas  et  turribus  altis  470 

stant  maesti ;  simul  ora  virum  praefixa  movebant, 
nota  niniis  miseris  atroque  fluentia  tabo. 

Interea  pavidam  volitans  pinnata  per  urbem 
nuntia  Fama  ruit  matrisque  adlabitur  auris 
Euryali.     at  subitus  miserae  calor  ossa  reliquit ;     475 
excussi  manibus  radii  revolutaque  pensa. 
evolat  infelix  et  femineo  ululatu, 
scissa  comam,  muros  aniens  atque  agmina  cursu 
prima  petit,  non  ilia  virum,  non  ilia  pericli 
telorumque  memor ;  caelum  dehinc  questibus  implet : 
"  hunc  ego  te,  Euryale,  aspicio  ?  tune  ille  senectae   48 1 
sera  meae  requies,  potuisti  linquere  solam, 
crudelis .''  nee  te  sub  tanta  pericula  missum 
adfari  extremum  miserae  data  copia  matri .'' 
lieu  !  terra  ignota  canibus  date  praeda  Latinis       485 

"*  suoa  MSS.  (except  M)  and  Serviu*. 

"*  omitted  in  P.    mirabile  M^,  Serinus  {on  ii.  558).- 

«9  dextra  M^Hy^  "i  videbant  Py. 

««1  ilia  E.  *'"'  extremis  MPK 

*^^  data  jnost  MSS.:  date  late  MSS.,  read  by  Bentley  and 
many  editors. 
144 


AENEID   BOOK    IX 

mutual  converse  they  note  the  spoils,  Messapus' 
shining  helmet,  and  the  trappings  won  back  with 
much  sweat. 

*^^  And  now  early  Dawn,  leaving  the  saffron  bed 
cif  TithoRus,  was  sprinkling  her  fresh  rays  upon  the 
earth  ;  ^  now  the  sun  streamed  in,  now  day  unveiled 
the  world.  Turnus,  himself  in  armour  clad,  sum- 
mons his  men  to  arms,  and  each  leader  marshals  to 
battle  his  mailed  lines,  and  whets  their  anger  with 
divers  tales.  Nay,  on  uplifted  spears,  O  piteous 
sight!  they  affix  and  follow  with  loud  clamour  the 
heads,  the  very  heads,  of  Euryalus  and  of  Nisus.  On 
the  rampart's  left  side — for  the  right  is  girded 
by  the  river — the  hardy  sons  of  Aeneas  have  set 
their  opposing  line,  hold  the  broad  trenches,  and  on 
the  high  towers  stand  sorrowing,  moved  withal  by 
those  uplifted  heads,  that,  alas !  they  know  too  well, 
now  dripping  with  dark  gore. 

^^3  Meanwhile,  winged  Fame,  flitting  through  the 
trembling  town,  speeds  with  the  news  and  steals  to 
the  ears  of  Euryalus'  mother.  Then  at  once  warmth 
left  her  hapless  frame  :  the  shuttle  is  dashed  from 
her  hands,  and  the  thread  unwound.  Forth  flies  the 
unhappy  dame,  and  with  a  woman's  shrieks  and  torn 
tresses,  makes  madly  for  the  walls  and  the  foremost 
ranks — heedless  she  of  men,  heedless  of  peril  and  of 
darts ;  then  fills  the  sky  with  her  plaints :  "  Is  it 
thus,  Euryalus,  that  I  see  thee  ?  Thou  that  wert  the 
late  solace  of  my  age,  couldst  thou  leave  me  alone, 
cruel  one  ?  Nor,  when  sent  on  such  perilous  errand, 
might  thy  poor  mother  bid  thee  a  last  farewell .'' 
Alas !  Thou  liest  in  a  strange  land,  given  as  prey  to 
the  dogs  and   fowls  of  Latium !     Nor  have   I,  thy 

*  Repeated  from  Aen.  iv.  584-5. 

145 


VIRGIL 

alitibusque  iaces !  nee  te,  tua  funera,  mater 
produxi  pressive  oculos  aut  volnera  lavi, 
veste  tegens,  tibi  quam  noctes  festina  diesque 
urgebam,  et  tela  curas  solabar  anilis. 
quo  sequar?  aut  quae  nunc  artus  avolsaque  membra 
et  funus  lacerum  tellus  habet?  hoc  mihi  de  te,     491 
nate,  refers  ?  hoc  sum  terraque  marique  secuta  ? 
figite  me,  si  qua  est  pietas,  in  me  omnia  tela 
conicite,  o  Rutuli,  me  primam  absumite  ferro ; 
aut  tu,  magne  pater  divum,  miserere,  tuoque         495 
invisum  hoc  detrude  caput  sub  Tartara  telo, 
quando  aliter  nequeo  crudelem  abrumpere  vitam." 
hoe  fletu  concussi  aninii,  maestusque  per  omnis 
it  gemitus,  torpent  infractae  ad  proelia  vires, 
illam  incendentem  luctus  Idaeus  et  Actor  500 

Ilionei  monitu  et  multum  lacrimantis  luli 
corripiunt  interque  manus  sub  tecta  reponunt. 

At  tuba  terribilem  sonitum  procul  aere  canoro 
increpuit ;  sequitur  clamor  caelumque  remugit. 
accelerant  acta  pai'iter  testudine  Volsci  505 

et  fossas  im])lere  parant  ac  vellere  vallum, 
quaerunt  pars  aditum  et  scabs  ascendere  muros, 
qua  rara  est  acies  interlucetque  corona 
non  tam  spissa  viris.     telorum  effundere  contra     fmpr 
omne  genus  Teucri  ac  duris  detrudere  contis,        510 
adsueti  longo  muros  defendere  bello. 
saxa  (juoque  infesto  volvebant  pondere,  si  qua 
posseut  tectam  aciem  perrumpere,  cum  tamen  omnis 
ferre  iuvat  subter  densa  testudine  casus. 


*''  funera  MSS.,  Servius,   Noniits,   Donatus,    Macrohhis: 

funere  conjectured  by  Bembo. 

"*  primum  PK  6««  pellere  3I^R.     vallo  3I\ 

^"  iuvat  F(in  an  erasure) :  iubat  F^:  iubet  P^:  lubat  il/*; 

libet  3PIi. 

146 


AENEID   BOOK    IX 

mother,  led  thee — thy  corpse  ^ — forth  to  burial,  or 
closed  thine  eyes,  or  bathed  thy  wounds,  sliroud- 
ing  thee  with  the  robe  which,  in  haste,  night  and 
day,  I  toiled  at  for  thy  sake,  beguiling  with  the  loom 
the  sorrows  of  age.^  Whither  shall  I  follow?  or  what 
land  now  holds  thy  mangled  limbs  and  dismembered 
body?  Is  this  all,  my  son,  thou  bringest  back  to  me 
of  thyself?  Is  it  this  I  have  followed  by  land  and 
sea  ?  Pierce  me  if  ye  have  aught  of  feeling,  on 
me  hui'l  all  your  weapons,  O  Rutulians ;  destroy  me 
first  with  your  steel ;  or  do  thou,  great  Father  of  the 
gods,  be  pitiful,  and  with  thy  bolt  hurl  down  to  hell 
this  hateful  life,  since  in  no  wise  else  can  I  break 
life's  cruel  bonds ! "  At  that  wailing  their  spirits 
were  shaken,  and  a  groan  of  sorrow  passed  through 
all ;  their  strength  is  numbed  and  crushed  for  battle  ; 
and  as  thus  she  kindles  grief,  Idaeus  and  Actor, 
bidden  by  Ilioneus  and  the  weej)ing  liilus,  catch  her 
up  and  bear  her  in  their  arms  within. 

'-'^'^  But  the  trumpet  with  brazen  song  rang  out 
afar  its  fearful  call ;  a  shout  follows  and  the  sky 
re-echoes.  Forth  the  Volscians  speed  in  even  line, 
driving  on  their  tortoise-shield,  and  intent  to  fill  the 
moat  and  pluck  down  the  palisade.  Some  seek 
entrance,  and  essay  to  scale  the  walls  with  ladders, 
where  the  line  is  thin,  and  light  gleams  through  the 
less  dense  ring  of  men.  In  return,  the  Teucrians 
shower  missiles  of  every  sort,  and  thrust  the  foe 
down  with  strong  poles,  trained  by  long  warfare  to 
defend  their  walls.  Stones  too  they  rolled  of  deadly 
weight,  if  haply  they  might  break  through  the  shel- 
tered ranks  ;  but  these,  beneath  their  compact  shield, 

1  In  tuafunera  there  is  a  pathetic  correction  of  te. 
^  She  had  been  making  a  rich  robe  as  a  gift  for  her  son, 
but  it  could  not  even  adorn  his  corpse. 

J  4.7 
L   2 


VIRGIL 

nee  iam  sufficiunt.  nam  qua  globus  imminet  ingens, 
immanem  Teucri  molem  volvuntque  ruunlque,      5l6 
quae  stravit  Rutulos  late  armorumquc  resolvit 
tegmina.     nee  curant  caeco  contendere  Marte 
amplius  audaces  Rutuli,  sed  pellere  vallo 
missilibus  certant.  520 

parte  alia  horrendus  visa  quassabat  Etruscara 
pinum  et  fumiferos  infert  Mezentius  ignis  ; 
at  Messapus  equum  domitor^  Neptunia  proles, 
rescindit  vallum  et  scalas  in  moenia  poscit. 

Vos,  o  Calliope,  precorj  adspirate  canenti,  525 

quas  ibi  tum  ferro  strages,  quae  funera  Turiius 
ediderit,  quern  quisque  virum  demiserit  Oreo, 
et  mecum  ingentis  eras  evolvite  belli.  528 

Turris  erat  vasto  suspectu  et  pontibus  altis,        530 
opportuna  loco,  summis  quam  viribus  omnes 
expugnare  Itali  summaque  evertere  opuni  vi 
certabant,  Troes  contra  defendere  saxis 
perque  cavas  densi  tela  intorquere  fenestras, 
princeps  ardentem  coniecit  lampada  Turnus  535 

et  flammam  adfixit  lateri,  quae  plurima  vento        mpr 
corripuit  tabulas  et  postibus  haesit  adesis. 
turbati  trepidare  intus  frustraque  malorum 
velle  fugam.    dum  se  glomerant  retroque  residunt 
in  partem,  quae  peste  caret,  tum  pondere  turris    540 
procubuit  subito  et  caelum  tonat  omnc  fragore. 
semineces  ad  terram,  immani  mole  secuta, 
confixique  suis  telis  et  pectora  duro 
transfossi  ligno  veniunt.     vix  unus  Helenor 
et  Lycus  elapsi :  quorum  primaevus  Helenor,        545 


"«  in]  ad  P7». 

^*'  et  meministis  enim,  divae,  et  memorare  potestis  (=  vii. 
645)  given  by  Jt,  but  omitted  by  most  MSS. 

'*'  adesis  iPPy-  adhacsis  J/*/  adhessis  R. 
148 


AENEID   BOOK    IX 

delight  to  brave  all  chances.  Yet  now  they  fail ;  for 
where  a  massed  throng  threatens,  the  Teucrians  roll 
up  and  hurl  down  a  mighty  mass,  that  laid  low  the 
Rutulians  far  and  wide  and  broke  their  coverlet  of 
armour.  Nor  do  the  bold  Rutulians  care  longer  to 
contend  in  blind  warfare,  but  strive  with  darts  to 
clear  the  ramparts.  Elsewhere,  grim  to  behold, 
Mezentius  was  brandishing  his  Etruscan  pine  and 
hurls  smoking  brands ;  while  Messapus,  the  seed  of 
Neptune,  tamer  of  horses,  tears  down  the  rampart 
and  calls  for  ladders  to  mount  the  battlements.^ 

S25  Do  thou,  O  Calliope,  thou  and  thy  sisters,  1 
pray,  inspire  me  while  I  sing,  what  slaughter,  what 
deaths,  Turnus  dealt  on  that  day,  and  whom  each 
warrior  sent  down  to  doom  ;  and  unroll  with  me  the 
mighty  scroll  of  war. 

^^"  A  tower  loomed  high  above,  with  lofty  gang- 
ways,'-' posted  on  vantage-ground,  which  all  the 
Italians  strove  with  utmost  strength  to  storm,  and 
with  utmost  force  of  skill  to  overthrow :  the  Tro- 
jans in  turn  made  defence  with  stones,  and  hurled 
showers  of  darts  through  the  ojien  loopholes.  First 
Turnus  flung  a  blazing  torch  and  made  fast  its  fire  in 
the  side  ;  this,  fanned  by  the  wind,  seized  the  planks 
and  lodged  in  the  gateways  it  consumed.  Within, 
troubled  and  terrified,  men  vainly  seek  escape  from 
disaster.  While  they  huddle  close  and  fall  back  to 
the  side  free  from  ruin,  lo  I  under  the  sudden  weight 
the  tower  fell,  and  all  the  sky  thunders  with  the 
crash.  Half  dead  they  come  to  the  ground,  the 
monstrous  mass  behind  them,  pierced  by  their  own 
shafts,  and  their  breasts  impaled  by  the  cruel  splin- 
ters. Scarcely  do  Helenor  and  Lycus  alone  escape — 
Helenor  m  prime  of  youth,  whom  a  Licymnian  slave 
*  c/.  Atn.  VII.  691,  *  See  note  on  170  above. 

149 


VIRGIL 

Maeonio  regi  quem  serva  Licymnia  furtim 
sustulerat  vetitisque  ad  Troiam  miserat  armis, 
ense  levis  nudo  parmaque  inglorius  alba, 
isque  ubi  se  Turni  media  inter  milia  vidit, 
hine  acies  atque  hinc  acies  adstare  Latinas,  550 

ut  fera,  quae  densa  venantum  saepta  corona 
contra  tela  furit  seseque  baud  nescia  morti 
inicit  et  saltu  supra  venabula  fertur, 
laud  aliter  iuvenis  medics  moriturus  in  bostis 
nruit  et  qua  tela  videt  densissima  tendit.  555 

at  pedibus  longe  melior  Lycus  inter  et  bostis 
inter  et  arma  fuga  muros  tenet  altaque  certat 
prendere  tecta  manu  sociumque  attingere  dextras. 
quem  Turnus  pariter  cursu  teloque  secutus 
increpat  his  victor  :  "  nostrasne  evadere^  demens,    560 
sperasti  te  posse  manus  ?  "  simul  arripit  ipsum 
pendentem  et  magna  muri  cum  parte  revellit; 
quails  ubi  aut  leporem  aut  candenti  corpore  cycnum 
sustulit  alta  petens  pedibus  lovis  armiger  uncis, 
quaesitum  aut  matri  niultis  balatibus  agnnm  565 

Martius  a  stabulis  rapuit  lupus,     undique  clamor 
tollitur  :  invadunt  et  fossas  aggere  coniplent ; 
ardentis  taedas  alii  ad  fastigia  iactant. 
Ilioneus  saxo  atque  ingenti  frag-mine  mentis 
Lucetium  portae  subeuntem  ignisque  ferentem,    570 
Emathiona  Liger,  Corynaeum  sternit  Asilas, 
hie  iaculo  bonus,  hie  longe  fallente  sagitta, 
Ortygium  Caeneus,  victorem  Caenea  Turnus, 
Turnus  Ityn  Cloniumque,Dioxippum  Promolumque 
et  Sagarim  et  summis  stantem  pro  turribus  Idan,    575 

"s  ruit  P^y\  "8  dextra  R 

^  He  was  too  young  to  win  distinction,  and  therefore  had 
no  device  on  his  shield. 
150 


AENEID    BOOK    IX 

had  borne  secretly  to  the  Maeonian  king,  and  had 
sent  to  Troy  in  forbidden  arms,  lightly  accoutred 
^vith  naked  sword  and  white  shield,  as  yet  unfamed.^ 
Soon  as  he  saw  himself  in  the  midst  of  Turnus'  thou- 
sands, the  Latin  lines  standing  on  this  side,  and 
standing  on  that,  like  a  wild  beast  that,  hedged 
about  by  the  hunters'  serried  ring,  rages  against 
their  shafts,  flings  itself  on  the  death  foreseen, 
and  with  a  bound  springs  upon  the  spears — even  so 
the  youth  rushes  to  death  amidst  the  foe,  and  where 
he  sees  the  weapons  thickest,  makes  his  way.  But 
Lycus,  far  swifter  of  foot,  amid  foes,  amid  arms, 
gains  the  walls  and  strives  to  clutch  the  coping,  and 
reach  the  hands  of  his  comrades.  Him  Turnus  fol- 
lowing alike  with  foot  and  spear,  taunts  thus  in 
triumph :  "  Fool,  didst  thou  hope  to  escape  our 
hands  ?  "  Therewith  he  seizes  him  as  he  hangs,  and 
tears  him  down  with  a  mighty  mass  of  wall :  even  as 
when  the  bearer  of  Jove's  bolt,  as  he  soars  aloft,  has 
swept  away  in  his  crooked  talons  some  hare  or  snowy- 
bodied  swan;  or  as  when  the  wolf  of  Mars^  has 
snatched  from  the  fold  a  lamb  that  its  mother  seeks 
with  much  bleating.  On  all  sides  a  shout  goes  up ; 
on  they  press,  and  with  heaps  of  earth  fill  up  the 
trenches ;  some  toss  blazing  brands  on  to  the  roofs. 
Ilioneus  lays  Lucetius  low  with  a  rock,  huge  frag- 
ment of  a  mountain,  as,  carrying  fire,  he  nears  the 
gate.  Liger  slays  Emathion,  Asilas  Corynaeus ;  the 
one  skilled  with  the  javelin,  the  other  with  the 
arrow  stealing  from  afar.  Caeneus  fells  Ortygius ; 
Turnus  victorious  Caeneus ;  Turnus  Itys  and  Clonius, 
Dioxippus  and  Promolus,  and  Sagaris,  and  Idas,  as  he 
stood  on  the  topmost  towers  ;  Capys  slays  Privernus. 

'  Because   Romulus  and   Remus,    the  ofispring  of  Mara, 
were  suckled  by  a  she-wolf. 

151 


VIRGIL 

Privernum  Capys.  hunc  primo  levis  hasta  Themillae 

5trinxerat :  ille  manum  proiecto  tegmine  demens 

ad  volnus  tulit ;  ergo  alls  adlapsa  sagitta 

et  laevo  infixa  est  lateri  manus  abditaque  intus 

spiramenta  animae  letali  volnere  ru})it.  580 

stabat  in  egregiis  Arcentis  filius  arniis, 

pictus  acii  chlamydem  et  ferrugine  clarus  Hibera, 

insignis  facie,  genitor  quern  miserat  Arcens, 

eductum  niatris  luco  Symaethia  circiim 

flumina,  pinguis  ubi  et  placabilis  ara  Paliei :  585 

stridentem  fundam  positis  Mezentius  liastis 

ipse  ter  adducta  circum  caput  egit  liabena 

et  media  adversi  liquefacto  tempora  pi  umbo 

diffidit  ac  multa  porrectum  exteiidit  harena. 

Turn  primum  bello  celerem  intendisse  sagittam   590 
dicitur,  ante  feras  solitus  terrere  fugacis, 
Ascanius,  fortemque  manu  fudisse  Numanum, 
cui  Remulo  cognomen  erat,  Turnique  minorem 
germanam  nuper  thalamo  sociatus  habebat. 
is  primam  ante  aciem  digna  atque  indigna  relatu     595 
vocif'erans  tumidusque  novo  j)raecordia  regno 
ibat  et  ingentem  sese  clamore  ferebat : 
"  non  pudet  obsidione  iterum  valloque  teneri, 
bis  capti  Phryges,  et  morti  j)raetendere  muros  ? 
en  qui  nostra  sibi  bello  conubia  poscunt !  600 

quis  deus  Italiara,  quae  vos  dementia  adegit? 
non  hie  Atridae  nee  fandi  fictor  Ulixes : 
durum  a  stirpe  genus  natos  ad  flumina  primum 
d£ferimus  saevoque  gelu  duramus  et  undis ; 
venatu  invigilant  pueri  silvasque  fatigant,  605 

flectere  ludus  equos  et  spioula  tendere  cornu ; 

*"  adfixa  Py,  Servitis. 

*'*  matria  7,  Macrobius .  Martis  MPEb .  matia  c. 

^'*  hastis]  arniis  A'7*. 

'^"  morte  i/*.-  Marti  some  inferior  MSS.,  accepted  by  Henry. 
protendere  iP,  *"*  saevo]  duro  Py. 

152 


AENEID   BOOK    IX 

Him  Themillas'  spear  had  first  grazed  lightly ;  he, 
madly  casting  down  his  shield^  carried  his  hand  to 
the  wound.  So  the  ai-row  winged  its  way,  and  pin- 
ning the  hand  to  his  left  side,  buried  itself  deep 
within,  and  tore  with  fatal  wound  the  breathing-ways 
of  life.  The  son  of  Arces  stood  in  glorious  arms,  his 
scarf  embroidered  with  needlework,  and  bright  with 
Iberian  blue — of  noble  form,  whom  his  father  Arces 
had  sent,  a  youth  reared  in  his  mother's  grove  about 
the  streams  of  Symaetluis,  where  stands  Palicus' 
altar,  gift-laden  and  gracious.  But,  dropping  his 
spears,  Mezentius  with  tight-drawn  thong  thrice 
whirled  about  his  head  the  whizzing  sling,  with 
molten  bullet  cleft  in  twain  the  temples  of  his  op- 
posing foe,  and  stretched  him  at  full  length  in  the 
deep  sand. 

^'•"^  Then  first,  'tis  said,  Ascanius  aimed  his  swift 
shaft  in  war,  till  now  wont  to  affright  the  fleeing 
quarry,  and  with  his  hand  laid  low  brave  Numanus, 
Remulus  by  surname,  who  but  lately  had  won  as 
bride  Turnus'  younger  sister.  He  stalked  before  the 
foremost  line,  shouting  words  meet  and  unmeet  to 
utter,  his  heart  puffed  up  with  new-won  royalty,  and 
strode  forward  in  huge  bulk,  crying  : 

693  cc  ^j.g  yg  jjq{.  shamed,  twice  captured  Phrygians, 
again  to  be  cooped  within  beleaguered  ramparts,  and 
with  walls  to  ward  ofT  death .''  Lo  !  these  are  they 
who  by  the  sword  claim  our  brides  for  theirs !  What 
god,  what  madness,  has  driven  you  to  Italy  ?  Here 
are  no  sons  of  Atreus,  no  fable-forging  Ulysses  !  A 
race  of  hardy  stock,  we  first  bring  our  new-born  sons 
to  the  river,  and  harden  them  with  the  water's  cruel 
cold  ;  as  boys  they  keep  vigil  for  the  cJiase,  and  tire 
the  forests ;  their  sport  is  to  rein  the  steed  and  level 

153 


VIRGIL 

at  patiens  operum  parvoque  adsueta  iuventus 
aut  rastris  terram  domat  aut  quatit  oppida  bello ; 
omne  aevum  ferro  teritur  versaque  iuvencum 
terga  fatigamus  hasta,  nee  tarda  senectus  6lO 

debilitat  viris  animi  mutatque  vigorem  : 
canitiem  galea  premimuSj  semperque  recentis 
comportare  iuvat  praedas  et  vivere  rapto. 
vobis  picta  croco  et  fulgenti  murice  vestis, 
desidiae  cordi,  iuvat  indulgere  choreis,  6l5 

et  tunicae  manicas  et  habent  redimicula  mitrae. 
o  vei'C  Phrygiae,  neque  enim  Pliryges,  ite  per  alta 
Dindyma,  ubi  adsuetis  biforem  dat  tibia  cantum  ; 
tympana  vos  buxusque  vocat  Berecyntia  matris 
Idaeae  ;  sinite  arma  viris  et  cedite  ferro."  620 

Talia  iactantem  dictis  ac  dira  canentem 
non  tulit  Aseanius,  nervoque  obversus  equino 
contendit  telum  diversaque  bracchia  ducens 
eonstitit,  ante  lovem  supplex  per  vota  precatus  : 
"  luppiter  omnipotens,  audacibus  adnue  coeptis.    625 
ipse  tibi  ad  tua  templa  feram  soUemnia  dona 
et  statuam  ante  aras  aurata  fronte  iuvencum, 
candentem  pariterque  caput  cum  matre  ferentem, 
iam  cornu  petat  et  pedibus  qui  spargat  harenam." 
audiit  et  caeli  genitor  de  parte  serena  630 

intonuit  laevum^  sonat  una  fatifer  arcus. 
effugit  horrendum  stridens  adducta  sagitta 
perque  caput  Remuli  venit  et  cava  tempora  ferro 
traicit.     "  i,  verbis  virtutem  inlude  superbis  ! 

*i*  tarda]  sera  Servius.      ^^^  intendit  Py.       ^^^  letifer  Py. 

^^"  et  fxigit  PR,  Serviiis.     adducta]  adlapsa  Py. 

®^*  transigit  P^:  transadigit  11:  transiit  P'.    i  omitted  M^R. 

^  The   Oriental   mitra  was   like   a   bonnet,  fastened  with 
ribbons.     The  ordinary  tunic  had  no  sleeves,      cf.  Aen.  iv. 
216. 
154 


AENEID    BOOK    IX 

shafts  from  the  bow ;  but,  patient  of  toil,  and  in- 
ured to  want,  our  youth  tames  earth  with  the  hoe 
or  shakes  cities  in  battle.  All  our  life  is  worn  with 
iron's  use  ;  with  spear  reversed  we  goad  our  bullocks' 
flanks,  and  sluggish  age  weakens  not  our  hearts' 
strength  nor  changes  our  vigour.  On  white  hairs 
we  press  the  helm :  and  we  ever  delight  to  drive  in 
fresh  booty  and  live  on  plunder.  But  ye  are  clothed 
in  embroidered  saffron  and  gleaming  purple ;  sloth 
is  your  joy,  your  delight  is  to  indulge  the  dance ; 
your  tunics  have  sleeves  and  your  turbans  ribbons.^ 
O  ye  Phrygian  women,  indeed  ! — for  Phrygian  men 
are  ye  not — go  ye  over  the  heights  of  Dindymus, 
where  to  accustomed  ears  the  pipe  utters  music  from 
double  mouths !  The  timbrels  call  you,  and  the 
Berecynthian  boxwood  of  the  mother  of  Ida  :  ^  leave 
arms  to  men,  and  quit  the  sword." 

•'^i  As  thus  he  vaunts  with  words  of  ominous  strain, 
Ascanius  brooked  it  not,  but  facing  him,  levelled  his 
shaft  from  the  horse-hair  string,  and  drawing  his  arms 
wide  apart  paused,  first  invoking  Jove  thus  with  sup- 
pliant vows:  "Jupiter  almighty,  give  assent  to  my 
bold  emprise !  My  own  hand  shall  bring  thee  yearly 
gifts  in  thy  temple,  and  set  before  thine  altar  a 
bullock  with  gilded  brow,  snowy  white,  carrying  his 
head  high  as  his  mother,  that  already  can  butt  with 
horn  and  can  spurn  with  hoof  the  sand."  The  Father 
heard,  and  from  a  clear  space  of  sky  thundered  on 
the  left ;  that  instant  rang  the  fatal  bow.  With  aw- 
ful whirr  speeds  forth  the  tight-drawn  shaft,  passes 
through  the  head  of  Remulus,  and  cleaves  with  its 
steel  the  hollow  temples.     "Go,  mock  valour  with 

^  The  pipe,  timbrels,  and  boxwood  flute  were  characteristics 
of  the  worship  of  Cybele,  which  came  from  Phrygia.  cf. 
A  en.  III.  111. 

155 


VIRGIL 

bis  capti  Phryges  haec  Rutulis  responsa  remittunt." 
hoctantum  Ascanius:  Teucri  clamore  sequuntur     636 
laetitiaque  fremunt  animosque  ad  sidera  tollunt. 

Aetheria  turn  forte  plaga  crinitus  Apollo 
desuper  Ausonias  acies  urbemque  videbat, 
nube  sedenSj  atque  his  victorem  adfatur  lulum :    640 
"macte  nova  virtutCj  puer :  sic  itur  ad  astra, 
dis  genite  et  geniture  deos.     iure  omnia  bella 
gente  sub  Assaraci  fato  ventura  resident ; 
nee  te  Troia  capit."     simul  haec  effatus  ab  alto 
aethere  se  mittit,  spirantis  dimovet  auras  645 

Ascaniumque  petit,     formam  turn  vertitur  oris 
antiquum  in  Buten.     hie  Dardanio  Anchisae 
armiger  ante  fuit  fidusque  ad  limina  custos  ; 
turn  comitem  Ascanio  pater  addidit.     ibat  Apollo 
omnia  longaevo  similis,  vocemque  coloremque       650 
et  crinis  albos  et  saeva  sonoribus  arma, 
atque  his  ardentem  dictis  adfatur  lulum  : 
"  sit  satiSj  Aenide,  telis  impune  Numanum 
oppetiisse  tuis  :  primam  hanc  tibi  magnus  Apollo 
concedit  laudem  et  paribus  non  invidet  armis :       655 
cetera  parce,  puer,  bello."     sic  orsus  Apollo 
mortalis  medio  aspectus  sermone  reliquit 
et  procul  in  tenuem  ex  oculis  evanuit  auram. 
adgnovere  deum  proceres  divinaque  tela 
Dardanidae  pharetramque  fuga  sensere  sonantem.  660 
ergo  avidum  pugnae  dictis  et  numine  Phoebi 
Ascanium  prohibent,  ipsi  in  certamina  rursus 

«»5  misit  F-Y^.  "»  forma  PR. 

«'  albos]  flavos  R.  «"  aspectu  UPR. 

*"  et]  ac  PR. 
156 


AENEID    BOOK   IX 

haughty  words !  This  answer  the  twice  captured 
Phrygians  send  back  to  the  Kutulians."  Thus  only 
spoke  Ascanius.  The  Teucrians  second  hira  with 
cheerSj  shout  for  joy,  and  lift  their  hearts  to  heaven. 
^^^  Then  it  chanced  that  in  the  realm  of  sky  long- 
haired Apollo,  cloud-enthroned,  was  looking  down 
on  the  Ausonian  lines  and  town,  and  thus  he  ad- 
dresses triumphant  liilus  :  "A  blessing,  child,  on  thy 
young  valour !  So  man  scales  the  stars,  O  son  of 
gods  and  sire  of  gods  to  be  !  ^  Rightly  shall  all  wars, 
that  fate  may  bring,  sink  beneath  the  house  of  Assa- 
racus  to  rest ;  nor  can  Troy  contain  thee."  So  saying, 
he  darts  from  high  heaven,  parts  the  breathing  gales, 
and  seeks  Ascanius.  Then  he  changes  the  fashion 
of  his  features  to  those  of  aged  Butes,  who  aforetime 
was  armour-bearer  to  Dardan  Anchises,  and  trusty 
watcher  at  his  gate ;  thereafter  the  child's  father 
made  him  henchman  to  Ascanius.  On  strode  Apollo, 
in  every  wise  like  the  old  man,  in  voice  and  hue,  in 
white  locks  and  savage-sounding  arms,  and  speaks 
tliese  words  to  fiery  liilus :  "  Be  it  enough,  son  of 
Aeneas,  that  beneath  thy  shafts  Numanus  has  fallen 
unavenged ;  this  maiden  glory  great  Apollo  vouch- 
safes thee,  nor  grudges  the  weapons  that  match  his 
own  ;  for  the  rest,  my  child,  refrain  from  war."  Thus 
Apollo  began,  but  while  yet  speaking,  left  the  sight 
of  men  and  far  away  from  their  eyes  vanished  into 
thin  air.  The  Dardan  princes  knew  the  god,  and  his 
heavenly  arms,  and  heard  his  quiver  rattle  as  he 
flew.  Therefore,  at  the  behest  and  will  of  Phoebus, 
they  check  Ascanius,  eager  though  he  was  for  the 

*  The  "gods  to  be"  are  the  future  Caesars,  descended 
from  Aeneas  and  Ascanius,  who  are  of  "the  house  of 
Assaracus."  There  is  a  reference  in  642  f.  to  the  closing  of 
the  temple  of  Janus  by  Augustus  in  20  B.C. 

157 


VIRGIL 

succedunt  animasque  in  aperta  pericula  mittunt. 
it  clamor  totis  per  propugnacula  rnuris, 
intendunt  acris  arcus  amnientaque  torquent.  660 

sternitur  omne  solum  teliSj  turn  scuta  cavaeque 
dant  sonitum  fiictu  galeae,  pugna  aspera  surgit : 
quantus  ab  occasu  veniens  pluvialibus  Haedis 
verberat  imber  humum,  quam  multa  grandine  nimbi 
in  vada  praecipitant,cum  luppiter  horridus  Austris  670 
torquet  aquosam  hiemem  et  caelo  cava  nubila  rumpit. 

Pandarus  et  Bitias,  Idaeo  Alcanore  creti, 
quos  lovis  eduxit  luco  silvestris  laera, 
abietibus  iuvenes  patriis  et  montibus  aequos, 
portam,  quae  ducis  imperio  commissa,  recludunt,    675 
freti  armis,  ultroque  invitant  moenibus  hostem. 
ipsi  intus  dextra  ac  laeva  pro  turribus  adstant, 
armati  ferro  et  cristis  capita  alta  corusci : 
quales  aeriae  liquentia  flumina  circum, 
sive  Padi  ripis,  Athesim  seu  propter  amoenum,     680 
consurgunt  geminae  quercus  intonsaque  caelo 
attollunt  capita  et  sublimi  vertice  nutant. 
inrumpunt  aditus  Rutuli  ut  videre  patentis. 
continue  Quercens  et  pulcher  Aquiculus  armis 
et  praeceps  animi  Tmarus  et  Mavortius  Haenion  685 
agminibus  totis  aut  v^ersi  terga  dedere 
aut  ipso  portae  posuere  in  limine  vitam. 
turn  magis  increscunt  animis  discordibus  irae 
et  iam  coUecti  Troes  glomerantur  eodera 
et  conferre  manum  et  procurrere  longius  audent.  69O 

Ductori  Turno,  di versa  in  parte  furenti 

'**'  atflictu  M:  adflictu  E:  fluclu  y^:  tlictu  P  Servius. 

*'*  patriis  iuvenes  Py.         ^^^  annis]  animis  Beniley. 

^'*  coruscant  M.  ^'^  Liquetia  7*ii'c',  Servius. 

^^^  Marus  M.  **''  aut  versi]  aveisi  P^^. 

'*'  eodem]  in  unum  2i. 

''"  manum]  gradum  N^onius.     procedere  Nonius. 
158 


AENEID   BOOK    IX 

fray,  themselves  fare  to  the  figlit  again,  and  fling 
their  lives  into  gaping  perils.  The  shout  runs  from 
tower  to  tower,  all  along  the  walls;  they  bend  their 
eager  bows  and  whirl  their  thongs.^  All  the  ground 
is  strewn  with  spears ;  shields  and  hollow  helms  ring 
as  they  clash  ;  the  fight  swells  fierce  ;  mighty  as  the 
storm  that,  coming  from  the  west,  beneath  tlie  rainy 
Kid-stars  lashes  the  ground ;  thick  as  the  hail  that 
stonn-clouds  shower  on  the  deep,  when  Jupiter,  grim 
with  southern  gales,  whirls  the  watery  tempest,  and 
bursts  the  hollow  clouds  in  heaven. 
•  ^^2  Pandarus  and  Bitias,  sprung  from  Alcanor  of 
Ida,  whom  the  wood-nymph  laera  bore  in  the  grove 
of  Jupiter — youths  tall  as  their  native  pines  and 
hills — fling  open  the  gate  entrusted  to  them  by  their 
captain's  charge,  and  relying  on  their  arms,  freely 
invite  the  foe  to  enter  the  walls.  Themselves  within, 
to  right  and  left,  stand  before  the  towers,  sheathed 
in  iron,  with  waving  plumes  upon  their  lofty  heads : 
even  as  high  in  air  beside  the  flowing  streams, 
whether  on  Padus'  banks  or  by  pleasant  Athesis, 
twin  oaks  soar  aloft,  raising  to  heaven  their  unshorn 
heads  and  nodding  their  lofty  crowns.  In  rush  the 
Rutulians  when  they  see  the  entrance  clear.  Straight- 
way Quercens  and  Aquicolus,  beautiful  in  arms,  and 
Tmams,  reckless  at  heart,  and  Haemon,  seed  of 
Mars,  with  all  their  columns  are  routed  and  turn  to 
flight,  or  in  the  very  gateway  lay  down  their  life. 
At  this,  wrath  waxes  fiercer  in  their  battling  souls, 
and  now  the  Trojans  rally  and  swarm  to  the  spot, 
and  venture  to  close  hand  to  hand  and  make  longer 
sallies. 

691  'Pq  Xurnus  the  chief,  as  far  away  he  storms  and 

^  The  thong,   fastened  to  the  middle  of  the  shaft,  gave 
impetus  to  the  throw. 

159 


VIRGIL 

turbantique  viros,  perfertur  nuntius^  hostem 
fervere  caede  nova  et  portas  praebere  patentis. 
deserit  inceptum  atque  immani  coiicitus  ira 
Dardaniam  ruit  ad  portam  fratresque  superbos.      695 
et  primum  Antiphaten  (is  enim  se  primus  agebat), 
Thebana  de  matre  nothum  Sarpedoiiis  alti^ 
coniecto  sternit  iaculo  ;  volat  Itala  cornus 
aera  per  tencrum  stomachoque  iiifixa  sub  altura 
pectus  abitj  reddit  specus  atri  vohieris  undam        700 
spumantem  et  fixo  ferrum  in  pulmone  tepescit. 
turn  Meropem  atque  Erymanta  manu,  turn  ster- 
nit Aphidnum ; 
turn  Bitian  ardentem  oculis  animisque  frementem, 
non  iaculo,  neque  enim  iaculo  vitam  ille  dedisset, 
sed  magnum  stridens  contorta  phalarica  venit,       705 
fulminis  acta  modo,  quam  nee  duo  taurea  terga 
nee  duplici  squama  lorica  fidelis  et  auro 
sustinuit :  conlapsa  ruunt  immania  membra^ 
dat  tellus  gemitum  et  clipeum  super  intonat  ingens. 
talis  in  Euboico  Baiarum  litore  quondam  710 

saxea  pila  cadit,  magnis  quam  molibus  ante 
constructam  ponto  iaciunt,  sic  ilia  ruinam 
prona  trahit  penitusque  vadis  inlisa  recumbit ; 
miscent  se  maria  et  nigrae  attolluntur  harenae  ; 
tum  sonitu  Pi'ochyta  alta  tremit  durumque  cubile  7 1 5 
Inarime  lovis  imperiis  imposta  Typhoeo. 

Hie  Mars  armipotens  animum  virisque  Latinis 
addidit  et  stimulos  acris  sub  pectore  vertit 
immisitque  Fugam  Teucris  atiiimque  Timorem. 
undique  conveniunt,  quoniam  data  copia  pugnae,  720 

'"  quails  Py.  "^  Furorem  r\ 

1 60 


AENEID   BOOK    IX 

confounds  his  foe,  comes  news  that  the  enemy, 
flushed  with  fresh  slaughter,  flings  wide  his  gates. 
He  quits  the  work  in  hand,  and  stirred  with  giant 
fury,  rushes  to  the  Dardan  gate  and  the  haughty 
brethren.  And  first  Antiphates,  for  first  came  he, 
the  bastard  son  of  tall  Sarpedon  by  a  Theban  mother, 
he  slays  with  cast  of  javelin.  Through  the  yielding 
air  flies  the  Italian  cornel-shaft,  and  lodging  in  the 
gullet,  runs  deep  into  the  breast ;  the  wound's  dark 
chasm  gives  back  a  foaming  tide,  and  the  steel 
grows  warm  in  the  ])ierced  lung.  Then  Meropes 
and  Erymas,  then  Aphidnus  his  hand  lays  low ;  then 
Bitias  falls,  fire  in  his  eyes  and  rage  in  his  heart,  yet 
not  under  a  javelin — for  not  to  a  javelin  had  he 
given  his  life — but  with  a  mighty  hiss  a  whirled  pike 
sped,  driven  like  a  thunderbolt.  This  not  two  bulls' 
hides  nor  the  trusty  corslet  with  double  scales  of  gold 
could  withstand.  The  giant  limbs  totter  and  fall ; 
earth  groans,  and  the  huge  shield  thunders  over  him. 
So  on  the  Euboic  shore  of  Baiae  falls  at  times  a  rocky 
mass,  which,  builded  first  of  mighty  blocks,  men  cast 
into  the  sea :  ^  so  as  it  falls,  it  trails  havoc,  and 
crashing  into  the  waters  finds  rest  in  the  depths  ;  the 
seas  are  in  turmoil  and  the  black  sands  mount  up- 
ward ;  then  at  the  sound  lofty  Prochyta  trembles, 
and  Inarime's  rugged  bed,  laid  by  Jove's  command 
above  Typhoeus. 

''^^  Hereupon  Mars,  the  mighty  in  war,  lent  fresh 
strength  and  valour  to  the  Latins,  and  in  their  hearts 
plied  his  eager  goads,  and  let  slip  Flight  and  dark 
Terror  among  the  Teucrians.  From  all  sides  gather 
the  Latins,  since  scope  for  fight  is  given,  and  the  god 

^  A  reference  to  the  building  of  massive  piers  running  out 
into  the  sea,  whether  as  a  breakwater  or  as  the  foundation 
of  a  projecting  villa. 

iGl 

VOL.   II.  M 


VIRGIL 

bellatorque  animo  deus  incidit. 

Pandarus^  ut  fuso  germanum  corpora  cernit, 

et  quo  sit  fortuna  loco^  qui  casus  agat  res, 

portam  vi  magna  converso  cardine  torquet, 

obnixus  latis  umeris,  multosque  suorum  725 

moenibus  exclusos  duro  in  certamine  linquit ; 

ast  alios  secum  includit  recipitque  ruentis, 

demens,  qui  Rutulum  in  medio  non  agmine  regcm 

viderit  inrumpentem  ultroque  incluserit  urbi, 

immanem  veluti  pecora  inter  inertia  tigrim.  730 

continuo  nova  lux  oculis  effulsit  et  arma 

horrendum  sonuere  ;  tremunt  in  vertice  Cristae 

sanguineae  clipeoque  micantia  fulmina  mittit. 

adgnoscunt  faciem  invisam  atque  immania  membra 

turbati  subito  Aeneadae.     turn  Pandarus  ingens    735 

emicat  et  mortis  fraternae  fervidus  ira 

effatur :  "  non  haec  dotalis  regia  Amatae, 

nee  muris  cohibet  patriis  media  Ardea  Turnum  : 

castra  inimica  vides ;  nulla  hinc  exire  potestas." 

oUi  subridens  sedato  pectore  Turnus  :  740 

"incipe,  si  qua  animo  virtus,  et  consere  dextram  : 

hie  etiam  inventum  Priamo  narrabis  Achillem." 

dixerat.     ille  rudem  nodis  et  cortice  crude 

intorquet  summis  adnixus  viribus  hastam  : 

excepere  aurae  ;  volnus  Saturnia  luno  745 

detorsit  veniens  portaeque  infigitur  hasta. 

''at  non  hoc  telum,  mea  quod  vi  dextera  versat, 

efFugies ;  neque  enim  is  teli  nee  volneris  auctor." 

sic  ait  et  sublatum  alte  consurgit  in  ensem 

et  mediam  ferro  gemina  inter  tempora  frontem     750 

dividit  impubesque  immani  volnere  malas. 

'^^  animos  M^.        '*'  cernit]  vidit  Py. 
"3  quis  PEy^.         "1  magna  M.         "i  offulsit  R. 
'33  clipei  P7I.     iiiittunt  PEy\  "^'  animi  Ji. 

'*'  versatj  librat  Py,  '*^  is]  es  Py. 

\62 


AENEID    ROOK    IX 

of  battle  seizes  on  their  souls.  Pandarus,  when  he 
sees  his  brother's  fallen  form,  sees  how  fortune  stands, 
and  what  chance  sways  the  day,  with  mighty  effort 
pushes  with  his  broad  shoulders  and  swings  the  gate 
round  on  its  hinge,  leaving  many  a  comrade  shut 
outside  the  walls  in  the  cruel  fray  ;  but  others  he 
encloses  with  himself,  welcoming  them  as  on  they 
rush.  Madman !  not  to  have  seen  the  Rutulian 
prince  bursting  in  amid  the  throng,  and  wantonly  to 
have  shut  him  within  the  town,  like  a  monstrous  tiger 
among  the  helpless  herds.  Straightway  a  new  light 
flashed  from  Turnus'  e^'es  and  his  armour  rang  terri- 
bly ;  the  blood-red  })lumes  quiver  on  his  crest,  and 
lightnings  shoot  gleaming  from  his  shield.  In  sud- 
den dismay  the  sons  of  Aeneas  recognize  that  hateful 
form  and  those  giant  limbs.  Then  huge  Pandarus 
springs  forward,  and,  blazing  with  wrath  for  his 
brother's  death,  cries  :  "  This  is  not  Amata's  bridal 
palace,  nor  is  it  midmost  Ardea,  holding  Turnus 
within  his  native  walls.  A  foeman's  camp  thou 
seest ;  no  chance  is  there  to  escape  hence."  To  him 
Turnus,  smiling  with  untroubled  mood :  "  Begin,  if 
thy  heart  has  aught  of  courage,  and  close  with  me  : 
that  here  too  an  Achilles  has  been  found  shalt  thou 
bear  word  to  Priam."  He  ended  ;  the  other,  striving 
with  all  his  might,  hurls  his  spear,  rougli  with  knots 
and  unpeeled  bark.  The  winds  received  it;  Saturnian 
Juno  turned  aside  the  coming  blow,  and  the  spear 
lodges  in  the  gate.  "  But  not  from  this  weapon,  that 
my  right  arm  wields  amain,  shalt  thou  escape ;  for 
not  such  is  he  who  brings  weapon  and  wound."  So 
saying,  he  rises  high  upon  his  uplifted  sword  ;  the  steel 
cleaves  the  brow  in  twain  full  between  the  temples, 
and  with  ghastly  wound  severs  the  beardless  cheeks. 

163 
M  2 


VIRGIL 

fit  sonus,  ingenti  concuss»  est  pondere  tellus ; 
conlapsos  artus  atque  arma  cruenta  cerebro 
sternit  humi  moriens  atque  illi  partibus  aequis 
hue  caput  atque  illuc  umero  ex  utroque  pependit.  755 

Diffugiunt  versi  trepida  formidine  Troes, 
et  si  continue  victorem  ea  cura  subisset, 
rumpere  claustra  manu  sociosque  immittere  portis, 
ultimus  ille  dies  bello  gentique  fuisset. 
sed  furor  ardentem  caedisque  insana  cupido  760 

egit  in  adversos. 

principio  Plialerim  et  succiso  poplite  Gygen 
excipit :  hinc  raptas  fugientibus  ingerit  hast^is 
in  tergum  ;  Juno  viris  animumque  ministrat. 
addit  Halym  comitem  et  confixa  Phegea  parma,    765 
ignaros  deinde  in  muris  Martemque  cientis 
Alcandrumque  Haliumque  Noemonaque  Pryta- 

nimque. 
Lyncea  tendenteui  contra  sociosque  vocantem 
vibranti  gladio  conixus  ab  aggere  dexter 
occupat,  huic  uno  deiectum  comminus  ictu  770 

cum  galea  longe  iacuit  caput,  inde  ferarum 
vastatorem  Amycum,  quo  non  felicior  alter 
ungere  tela  manu  ferrumque  armare  veneno, 
et  Clytium  Aeoliden  et  amicum  Crethea  Musis, 
Cretliea  Musarum  comitem,  cui  carmina  semj)er    775 
et  citharae  cordi  numerosque  intendere  nervis  ; 
semper  equos  atque  arma  virum  pugnasque  canebat. 

Tandem  ductores  audita  caede  suorum 
conveniunt  Teucri,  Mnestheus  acerque  Serestus, 
palantisque  vident  socios  hostemque  recejitum.      780 
et  Mnestheus:    "quo  deinde  fugam,  quo  ten- 
ditis  ?  "  inquit. 

'6<  tergum  My:  tergua  P^R. 

'"  confix  urn  JI^P^yK         "»  dextra  M^. 

"»  desectum  y\  "'  fuga  FK 

l6i 


AENEID   BOOK    IX 

There  is  a  crash  ,  earth  is  shaken  by  the  vast  weight ; 
dying,  he  stretches  on  the  ground  his  fainting  limbs 
and  brain -bespattered  armour,  wliile,  lo !  in  equal 
halves  his  head  dangles  this  way  and  that  from  either 
shoulder. 

^^*^  The  Trojans  turn  and  scatter  in  hasty  terror ; 
and,  if  forthwith  the  victor  had  taken  thought  to 
burst  tlie  bars  perforce  and  let  in  his  comrades  at 
the  gates,  that  day  had  been  the  last  for  the  war  and 
the  nation.  But  rage  and  the  mad  lust  of  slaughter 
drove  him  in  fury  on  the  foe  in  front.  First  he 
catches  Phaleris,  and  Gyges,  wliom  he  hamstrings  ; 
then,  seizing  their  spears,  he  hurls  them  on  the  backs 
of  the  flying  crowd ;  Juno  lends  strength  and  courage. 
Halys  he  sends  to  join  them  and  Phegeus,  his  shield 
transfixed  ;  then,  as,  all  unwitting,  on  the  walls  they 
rouse  the  fray,  Alcander  and  Hal i us,  Noemon  and 
Prytanis.  As  Lynceus  moves  to  meet  him  and  calls 
on  his  comrades  he,  from  the  rampart  on  the  right, 
with  sweep  of  flashing  sword,  smites  him ;  severed 
by  a  single  close-dealt  blow,  his  head  with  helmet 
capped  lay  far  away.  Next  fell  Aniycus,  scourge 
of  beasts,  whom  none  excelled  in  skill  of  hand  to 
anoint  the  dart  and  arm  the  steel  with  venom  ;  and 
Clytius,  son  of  Aeolus,  and  Cretheus,  delight  of  the 
Muses- — Cretheus,  the  Muses'  comrade,  whose  joy 
was  ever  in  song  and  lyre  and  in  stringing  of  notes 
upon  the  chords  ;  ever  he  sang  of  steeds  and  weapons, 
of  men  and  battles. 

~'^  At  last,  hearing  of  the  slaughter  of  their  men, 
the  Teucrian  captains,  Mnestheus  and  gallant  Seres- 
tus,  come  up,  and  see  their  comrades  scattered  and 
the  foe  within  the  gates.  And  Mnestheus  :  *'  Whither 
then,  whither,  do  ye  bend  your  flight  ?     What  other 

165 


VIRGIL 

"  quos  alios  muros,  quae  iam  ultra  moenia  habetis  i 
unus  homo  et  vestris,  o  cives,  undique  saeptus 
aggeribus  tantas  strages  impune  per  urbem 
ediderit?  iuvenum  primes  tot  miserit  Oreo  ?  785 

noil  infelicis  patriae  veterumque  deorum 
et  magni  Aeneae,  segnes,  miseretque  pudetque  ?  " 

Talibus  accensi  firraantur  et  agmine  denso 
consistunt.     Turnus  paulatim  excedere  pugna 
et  fluviiim  petere  ac  partem,  quae  cingitur  uiida.  790 
acrius  hoc  Teucri  clamore  incumbere  magno 
et  glomerare  manum,  ceu  saevum  turba  l6onem 
cum  telis  premit  infensis  :  at  territus  ille, 
asper,  acerba  tuens,  retro  redit  et  neque  terga 
ira  dare  aut  virtus  patitur,  nee  tendere  contra        795 
ille  quidem  hoc  cupiens  potis  est  per  tela  virosque. 
haud  aliter  retro  dubius  vestigia  Turnus 
improperata  refert  et  mens  exaestuat  ira. 
quin  etiam  bis  tum  medios  invaserat  hostis, 
bis  confusa  fuga  per  muros  agmina  vertit :  800 

sed  maims  e  castris  piopere  coit  omnis  in  unum, 
nee  contra  viris  audet  Saturnia  luno 
sufficere :  aeriam  caelo  nam  luppiter  Irim 
demisit,  germanae  haud  mollia  iussa  ferentem, 
ni  Turnus  cedat  Teucrorum  moenibus  altis.  805 

ergo  nee  clipeo  iuvenis  subsistere  tantum 
nee  dextra  valet :  iniectis  sic  undique  telis 
obruitur.     strepit  adsiduo  cava  tempora  circum 
iinnitu  galea  et  saxis  solida  aera  fatiscuiit, 
discussaeque  iubae  capiti,  nee  sufficit  umbo  810 

'^2  f|t]neve  ultra  Py^.  '*^  nonne  jif*. 

"«  pugnae  J'li.  "*  at]  ac  Jillt. 

166 


AENEID    BOOK    IX 

walls,  what  other  battlements  have  ye  now  beyond  ? 
Shall  one  man,  my  countrymen,  and  he  compassed 
on  every  side  by  your  ramparts,  unscathed  deal  such 
carnage  throughout  the  city  ?  Shall  he  send  down 
to  death  so  many  of  our  noblest  youths  ?  Dastards  ! 
have  ye  no  pity,  no  shame,  for  your  hapless  country, 
for  your  ancient  gods,  for  great  Aeneas  ?  " 

^^^  Kindled  by  such  words,  they  take  heart  and 
halt  in  dense  ai-ray.  Step  by  step  Turnus  withdraws 
from  the  fight,  making  for  the  river  and  the  part 
encircled  by  the  stream.  All  the  more  fearlessly 
the  Teucrians  press  on  him  with  loud  shouts  and 
mass  their  ranks — as  when  a  crowd  with  levelled 
spears  beset  a  savage  lion  :  but  he,  affrighted,  yet 
tierce  and  glaring  angrily,  gives  ground,  and  neither 
wrath  nor  courage  lets  him  turn  his  back,  nor  yet, 
fain  though  he  be,  can  he  make  his  way  through 
hunters  and  through  spears.  Even  thus  Turnus  in 
doubt  retraces  his  unhurried  steps,  his  heart  seething 
with  rage.  Nay,  even  then  twice  had  he  attacked 
the  foe,  twice  he  drove  them  in  flying  rout  along  the 
walls  :  but  the  whole  host  hastily  gathers  in  a  body 
from  the  camp,  nor  durst  Saturnian  Juno  grant  him 
strength  to  oppose  them,  for  Jupiter  sent  Iris  down 
through  the  sky  from  Heaven,  charged  with  no  gentle 
behests  for  his  sister,^  should  Turnus  leave  not  the 
Teucrians'  lofty  ramparts.  Therefore,  neither  with 
shield  nor  sword-arm  can  the  soldier  hold  his  own ; 
with  such  a  hail  of  darts  is  he  overwhelmed  on  all 
sides.  Round  his  hollow  temples  the  helmet  echoes 
with  ceaseless  clash  ;  the  solid  brass  gapes  beneath 
the  rain  of  stones ;  the  horsehair  crest  is  rent  from 
the  head,  and  the  shield's  boss  withstands  not  the 

*  i.e.  Juno,  v.ho  is  et  soror  tt  coniunx  {Aen.  i.  47). 

167 


VIRGIL 

ictibus ;  ingeminant  hastis  et  Troes  et  ipse 
fulmineus  Mnestheus.     turn  toto  corpore  sudor 
liquitur  et  piceum  (nee  respirare  potestas) 
flumen  agit,  fessos  quatit  aeger  anhelitus  artus. 
turn  demiim  praeceps  saltu  sese  omnibus  armis      815 
in  fluvium  dedit.     ille  suo  cum  gurgite  flavo 
accepit  venientem  ac  mollibus  extulit  undis 
et  laetum  sociis  abluta  caede  remisit. 

***  aeger]  acer  known  to  Servias.         *^®  flavo]  vaslo  Py^. 


168 


AENEID   BOOK    IX 

blows:  the  Trojans  and  Mnestheus  himself,  with 
lightning  force,  launch  a  storm  of  spears.  Then  o'er 
all  his  body  flows  the  sweat  and  runs  in  pitchy 
stream,  nor  has  he  breathing  space ;  and  a  sickly 
panting  shakes  his  wearied  limbs.  Then  at  length, 
with  headlong  leapj  he  plunges  in  full  armour  into 
the  river.  Tiber  with  his  jcllow  flood  received  him 
as  he  came,  uplifted  him  on  buoyant  waters,  and, 
washing  away  the  carnage,  returned  the  joyous  hero 
to  his  comrades. 


169 


LIBER  X 

Panditur  interea  domus  omnipotentis  Olympi    mprv 
conciliumque  vocat  divuni  pater  atque  hominiim  rex 
sideream  in  sedem,  terras  unde  arduus  omnis 
castraque  Dardanidum  aspectat  populosque  Latinos, 
considunt  tectis  bipatentibus,  incipit  ipse  :  5 

"  caelicolae  magni,  quianam  sententia  vobis 
versa  retro  tantumque  animis  certatis  iniquis  ? 
abnueram  bello  Italiam  concurrere  Teucris. 
quae  contra  vetitum  discordia  ?  quis  metus  aut  hos 
aut  hos  arma  sequi  ferrumque  lacessere  suasit?        10 
adveniet  iustum  pugnae,  ne  arcessite,  tempus, 
cum  fera  Karthago  Roraanis  arcibus  olini 
exitium  magnum  atque  Alpis  immittet  apertas  : 
tum  certare  odiis^  tum  res  rapuisse  licebit. 
nunc  sinite  et  placitum  laeti  componite  foedus."      15 

luppiter  haec  paucis,  at  non  Venus  aurea  contra 
pauca  refert : 

"  o  pater,  o  hominum  rerumque  aeterna  potestas 
(namque  aliud  quid  sit,  quod  iam  implorare  queamus  ?) 
cernis,  ut  insultent  Rutuli,  Turnusque  feratur  20 

per  medios  insignis  equis  tumidusque  secundo 
Marte  ruat  ?  non  clausa  tegunt  iam  moenia  Teucros  : 

*  spect.at  P*y.         ^*  adveniat  y.         ^*  laeti  placid  um  M. 
*"  feratur  .  .  .  tumidusque  omitted  M^.         ^^  claustra  M^. 

*  The  palace  of  Olympus  has  doors  at  the  east  and  west 
ends.     Through  the  former  comes  the  sun  at  dawn  ;  through 
the  latter  it  returns  at  night. 
170 


BOOK   X 

Meanwhile  there  is  thrown  open  the  palace  of  omni- 
potent Olympus,  and  the  Sire  of  gods  and  King  of 
men  calls  a  council  to  his  starry  dwelling,  whence, 
high-throned,  he  surveys  all  lands,  the  Dardan  camp, 
and  the  Latin  peoples.  Within  the  double-doored 
hall  ^  they  take  their  seats,  and  the  king  begins  : 

^  "  Mighty  sons  of  Heaven,  wherefore  is  your  judg- 
ment reversed,  and  why  strive  ye  with  hearts  so  dis- 
cordant ?  I  had  forbidden  Italy  to  clash  in  war  with 
Troy.  What  feud  is  this,  in  face  of  my  command  ? 
What  terror  has  bidden  these  or  those  to  rush  to 
arms  and  provoke  the  sword  ?  There  shall  come — 
hasten  it  not — a  lawful  time  for  battle,  when  fierce 
Carthage  shall  one  day  let  loose  upon  the  heights  of 
Rome  mighty  destruction,  and  open  upon  her  the 
Alps.2  Then  shall  it  be  lawful  to  vie  in  hate,  then 
to  ravage ;  now  let  be  and  cheerfully  assent  to  the 
covenant  I  ordain." 

^^  Thus  Jupiter  in  brief;  but  not  briefly  golden 
Venus  makes  reply : 

"  O  Father,  O  eternal  sovereignty  of  men  and 
things — for  what  else  can  there  be  which  we  may  yet 
entreat? — seest  thou  how  insolent  are  the  Rutulians, 
and  how  Turnus  fares  elate  through  the  midst  upon 
his  chariot,  and  rushes  in  swollen  pride  along  the 
tide  of  war?     No  longer  do  banned  walls  shelter  the 

*  A  reference  to  Hanniliara  invasion  of  Italy  in  218  B.C. 

171 


VIRGIL 

quin  intra  portas  atque  ipsis  proelia  miscent 

aggeribus  moerorum  et  inundant  sanguine  fossas. 

Aeneas  ignarus  abest.     numquamne  levari  25 

obsidione  sines?  muris  iterum  imminet  hostis 

nascentis  Troiae  nee  non  exercitus  alter,  mpr 

atque  iterum  in  Teucros  Aetolis  surgit  ab  Arpis 

Tydides.     equidem  credo,  mea  volnera  restant 

et  tua  progenies  mortalia  demoror  arma.  30 

si  sine  pace  tua  atque  invito  nuniine  Troes 

Italiam  petiere,  luant  peccata  neque  illos 

iuveris  auxilio  :  sin  tot  responsa  secuti, 

quae  Superi  Manesque  dabant,  cur  nunc  tua  quisquam 

vertere  iussa  potest  aut  cur  nova  condere  fata  ?        35 

quid  repetam  exustas  Erycino  in  litore  classis, 

quid  tempestatum  regem  ventosque  furentis 

Aeolia  excitos  aut  actam  nubibus  I  rim  ? 

nunc  etiam  Man  is  (Iiaec  intemptata  manebat 

sors  rerum)  movet  et  superis  immissa  repente  40 

Allecto,  medias  Italum  bacchata  per  urbes. 

nil  super  imperio  moveor ;  speravimus  ista, 

dum  fortuna  fuit ;  vincant  quos  vincere  mavis. 

si  nulla  est  regio,  Teucris  quam  det  tua  coniunx 

dura,  per  eversae,  genitor,  fumantia  Troiae  45 

excidia  obtestor,  liceat  dimittere  ab  armis 

incolumem  Ascanium,  liceat  superesse  nepotem. 

Aeneas  sane  ignotis  iactetur  in  undis 

et,  quaracumque  viam  dederit  Fortuna,  sequatur : 

hunc  tegere  et  dirae  valeam  subducere  pugnae.       50 

est  Amathus,  est  celsa  mihi  Paphus  atque  Cythera 

**  fo?sae  MR.  *'  surget  My. 

*^  sane]  procul  /'.     nndis]  oris  P^y^  *"  quacuraque  P. 

**  at({ue  aita  CytJiera  F^Ry\ 
172 


AENEID    BOOK    X 

Teucrians ;  nay^  within  the  gates  ana  even  on  their 
rampart  heights  tliey  join  battle,  and  flood  the 
trenches  with  gore.  Aeneas,  unwitting,  is  far  away. 
Wilt  thou  never  suffer  the  leaguer  to  be  raised  ? 
Once  more  a  foe  threatens  the  walls  of  infant  Troy, 
yea,  a  second  host;  and  once  more  against  the  Tro- 
jans rises  from  his  Aetolian  Arpi  a  son  of  Tydeus. 
Truly,  raethinks,  my  wounds  are  yet  to  come,  and  I, 
thy  offspring,  delay  a  mortal  spear.^  If  without  thy 
leave  and  despite  thy  deity,  the  Trojans  have  sought 
Italy,  let  them  expiate  their  sin,  nor  aid  thou  them 
with  succour.  But  if  they  have  but  followed  all  the 
oracles,  given  by  gods  above  and  gods  below,  why  is 
any  one  now  able  to  overthrow  thy  bidding  or  why 
to  build  the  fates  anew.''  Why  should  I  recall  the 
fleet  burned  on  the  strand  of  Eryx  ?  ^  Why  the 
king  of  storms,  and  his  raging  gales  roused  from 
Aeolia,^  or  Iris  wafted  from  the  clouds?  Now  she 
even  stirs  the  shades — this  quarter  of  the  world  was 
yet  untried — and  Allecto,  launched  of  a  sudden  on 
the  upper  world,  raves  through  the  midst  of  Italian 
towns.  I  reck  naught  of  empire  ;  that  was  my  hope, 
while  Fortune  stood ;  let  them  win  whom  thou  wouldst 
have  win.  If  there  is  no  country  for  thy  relentless 
consort  to  bestow  upon  the  Teucrians,  by  the  smoking 
ruins  of  desolate  Troy,  I  beseech  thee,  O  Father,  let 
me  dismiss  Ascanius  from  arms  unscathed — let  my 
grandson  still  live  !  Aeneas,  indeed,  may  well  be 
tossed  on  unknown  waters,  and  follow  Fortune,  what 
path  soever  she  point  out :  this  child  let  me  avail  to 
shield  and  withdraw  from  the  dreadful  fray.  Amathus 
is  mine,  mine  high  Paphus  and  Cythera,  and  Idalia's 

*  Diomede,   son   of   Tydeus,    wounded    Venus    when    she 
rescued  Aeneas.     See  Homer,  Iliad,  v.  .336. 

*  cf.  Aen.  v.  604  sq.  '  c/.  Aen.  i.  50  sq. 

173 


VIRGIL 

Idaliaeque  domus  :  positis  inglorius  armis 
exigat  hie  aevum.     magna  dicione  iubeto  mprv 

Karthago  premat  Ausoniam  :  nihil  urbibus  inde 
obstabit  Tyriis.     quid  pestem  evadere  belli  55 

iuvit  at  Argolicos  medium  fugisse  per  ignis, 
totque  maris  vastaeque  exhausta  pericula  tei'rae, 
dum  Latium  Teucri  recidivaque  Pergama  quaerunt  ? 
non  satius,  cineres  patriae  insedisse  supremos 
atque  solum,  quo  Troiafuit?  Xanthum  et  Simoenta  60 
redde,  oro,  miseris  iterumque  revolvere  casus 
da,  pater,  Iliacos  Teucris."     tum  regia  luno 
acta  furore  gravi :  "  quid  me  alta  silentia  cogis 
rumpere  et  obductum  verbis  volgare  dolorem? 
Aenean  hominum  quisquam  divumque  subegit         65 
bella  sequi  aut  hostem  regi  se  inferre  Latino  ? 
Italian!  petiit  fatis  auctoribus  :  esto  ; 
Cassandrae  impulsus  furiis  :  num  linquere  castra 
hortati  sumus  aut  vitam  committere  ventis? 
num  puero  summam  belli,  num  credere  muros,        70 
Tyrrhenamque  fidem  aut  gentis  agitare  quietas  ? 
quis  deus  in  fraudem,  quae  dura  potentia  nostra 
egit  ?  ubi  hie  luno  demissave  nubibus  Iris  ? 
indignum  est  Italos  Troiam  circumdare  flammis 
nascentem  et  patria  Turnum  consistere  terra,  75 

cui  Pilumnus  avus,  cui  diva  Venilia  mater : 
quid  face  Troianos  atra  vim  ferre  Latinis, 
arva  aliena  iugo  premere  atque  avertere  praedas  ? 
quid  soceros  legere  et  gremiis  abducere  pactas,     mpr 
pacem  orare  manu,  praefigere  puppibus  arma  ?         80 

"  exiget  V.  *'  patriae  cineres  P-) 

"  -que]  -ve  BF,  "  nostri  JA 

174 


AENEID    BOOK   X 

shrine :  here,  laying  arms  aside,  let  him  live  out  his 
inglorious  days  !  Bid  Carthage  in  mighty  sway  crush 
Ausonia  ;  from  her  shall  come  no  hindrance  to  Tyrian 
towns.  What  has  it  availed  to  escape  the  plague  of 
war,  to  have  fled  through  the  midst  of  Argive  fires, 
to  have  exhausted  all  the  perils  of  sea  and  desolate 
lands,  while  his  Teucrians  seek  Latium  and  a  new- 
born Troy  ?  Were  it  not  better  to  have  settled  on 
the  last  ashes  of  their  country,  and  the  soil  where 
once  was  Troy?  Restore,  I  pray,  Xanthus  and 
Simois  to  a  hapless  people,  and  let  the  Teucrians 
retrace  once  more  the  woes  of  Ilium  1 " 

^2  Then  royal  Juno,  sj^urred  by  fierce  frenzy ; 
"  Why  forcest  thou  me  to  break  my  deep  silence  and 
publish  to  the  world  my  hidden  sorrow  ?  Did  any 
man  or  god  constrain  Aeneas  to  seek  war  and  advance 
as  a  foe  upon  King  Latinus?  '  He  sought  Italy  at 
the  call  of  Fate.'  So  be  it — driven  on  by  Cassandra's 
raving  !  Did  I  urge  him  to  quit  the  camp,  or  entrust 
his  life  to  the  winds  ?  To  commit  the  issue  of  war, 
the  charge  of  battlements,  to  a  child  ?  To  tamper 
with  Tyrrhene  faith  or  stir  up  peaceful  folk  ? 
What  god,  what  pitiless  power  of  mine  drove  him  to 
his  harm  }  Where  in  this  is  Juno,  or  Iris  sent  down 
from  the  clouds.''  Ay,  'tis  shameful  that  Italians 
should  gird  thy  infant  Troy  witii  flames,  and  that 
Turnus  set  foot  on  his  native  soil — Turnus,  whose 
grandsire  is  Pilumnus,  whose  mother  divine  Venilial 
But  what  that  the  Trojans  with  smoking  brands  assail 
the  Latins,  that  they  set  their  yoke  upon  the  fields 
of  others,  and  drive  off  the  spoil  ?  What  that  they 
choose  whose  daughters  they  shall  wed,  and  drag 
from  her  lover's  breast  the  plighted  bride  .''  ^  That 
they  proffer  peace  with  the  hand  but  array  their 
*  The  reference  is  to  Aeneas,  suing  for  the  hand  of  Lavinia. ' 

175 


VIRGIL 

tu  potes  Aenean  manibus  subducere  Graium 
proque  viro  nebulam  et  ventos  obtendere  inanis, 
et  potes  in  totidem  classem  convertere  iiymphas  : 
nos  aliquid  Ilutulos  contra  iuvisse  nefandum  est? 
Aeneas  ignarus  abest:  ignarus  et  absit.  85 

est  Paplms  Idaliumque  tibi,  sunt  alta  Cytliera : 
quid  gravidam  bellis  urbem  et  corda  aspera  temptas  ? 
nosiie  tibi  fluxas  Phrygiae  res  vertere  fundo 
conamur  ?  nos  ?  an  miseros  qui  Troas  Achivis 
obiecit  ?  quae  causa  fuit,  consurgere  in  arma  90 

Europamque  Asiamque  et  foedera  solvere  furto? 
me  duce  Dardanius  Spartam  expugnavit  adulter 
aut  ego  tela  dedi  fovive  cupidine  bella? 
turn  decuit  metuisse  tuis :  nunc  sera  querellis 
baud  iustis  adsurgis  et  inrita  iurgia  iactas."  95 

Talibus  orabat  luno,  cunctique  fremebant 
caelicolae  adsensu  vario,  ceu  flamina  prima 
cum  deprensa  fremunt  silvis  et  caeca  volutaut 
murmura,  venturos  nautis  prodentia  ventos. 
turn  pater  omnipotens,  rerum  cui  prima  potestas,    1 00 
infit  (eo  dicente  deum  domus  alta  silescit 
et  tremefacta  solo  tell  us,  silet  arduus  aether, 
tum  Zephyri  posuere,  premit  placida  aequora  pontus)  : 
"accipite  ergo  animis  atque  haec  mea  figite  dicta, 
quandoquidem  Ausonios  coniungi  foedere  Teucris   1 05 
baud  licitum  nee  vestra  capit  discordia  finem  : 
quae  cuique  est  fortuna   hodie,   quam  quisque 
secat  spem, 

*^  classes  M.  ""  prima]  summa  M^Fy*. 

^"^  Ausoniis  P'y^.     Teucros  Fy\ 
'"*  licitum  est  li,  Set-viii^, 
176 


AENEID    BOOK    X 

ships  with  armour  ?  Thou  hast  power  to  steal  Aeneas 
from  Grecian  hands,  and  in  place  of  a  man  to  offer 
them  mist  and  void  air,  and  thou  hast  power  to  turn 
their  fleet  into  as  many  nymphs :  ^  but  tliat  we  in 
turn  have  given  some  aid  to  the  Rutuli,  is  that  mon- 
strous ?  '  Aeneas  unwitting  is  far  away  ' ;  unwitting 
and  far  away  let  him  be  !  '  Paphus  is  thine,  Idalium, 
and  high  Cythera ' :  why  meddle  with  savage  hearts, 
and  a  city  teeming  with  war  ?  Is  it  I  that  essay  to  over- 
throw from  the  foundation  Phrygia's  tottering  state  ? 
Is  it  I  ?  Or  is  it  he  who  flung  the  hapless  Trojans  in 
the  Achaeans'  path  ?  What  cause  was  there  that 
Europe  and  Asia  should  uprise  in  arms  and  break 
bonds  of  peace  by  treachery  ?  Was  it  I  that  led  the 
Dardan  adulterer  to  ravage  Sparta?  Was  it  I  that 
gave  him  weapons  or  fostered  war  with  lust?  Then 
shouldst  thou  have  feared  for  thine  own ;  now  too 
late  thou  risest  with  unjust  complaints,  and  handiest 
bickering  words  in  vain." 

^^  Thus  pleaded  Juno,  and  all  the  celestial  com- 
pany murmured  assent  in  diverse  wise  :  even  as  when 
rising  blasts,  caught  in  the  forest,  murmur,  and  roll 
their  dull  moanings,  betraying  to  sailors  the  oncoming 
of  the  gale.  Then  the  Father  Almighty,  prime 
potentate  of  the  world,  begins :  as  he  speaks,  the 
high  house  of  the  gods  grows  silent  and  earth  trem- 
bles from  her  base  ;  silent  is  high  heaven  ;  then  the 
Zephyrs  are  hushed ;  Ocean  stills  his  waters  into 
rest. 

104  « Take  therefore  to  heart  and  fix  there  these 
words  of  mine.  Since  it  may  not  be  that  Ausonians 
and  Teucrians  join  alliance,  and  your  disunion 
admits  no  end,  whate'er  the  fortune  of  each  to-day, 
whate'er  the  hope  each  pursues,  be  he  Trojan  or  be  he 
>  c/.  A  en.  IX.  80  sq. 

Ill 

VOL.    U.  H 


VIRGIL 

Tros  Rutulusve  fuat,  nullo  discrimine  habebo, 

seu  fatis  Italum  castra  obsidione  tenentur 

sive  errore  malo  Troiae  monitisque  sinistris.  1 10 

nee  Rutulos  solvo.     sua  cuique  exorsa  laborem 

fortunamque  ferent.     rex  luppiter  omnibus  idem  ; 

fata  viam  invenient."     Stygii  per  flumina  fratris, 

per  pice  torrentis  atraque  voragine  ripas 

adnuit  et  totum  nutu  tremefecit  Olympum.  1 1 5 

hie  finis  fandi.     solio  turn  luppiter  aureo 

surgit,  caelicolae  medium  quern  ad  limina  ducunt. 

Interea  Rutuli  portis  circum  omnibus  instant 
sternere  caede  viros  et  moenia  cingere  flammis. 
at  legio  Aeneadum  vallis  obsessa  tenetur,  120 

nee  spes  ulla  fugae.     miseri  stant  turribus  altis 
nequiquam  et  rara  muros  cinxere  corona. 
Asius  Imbrasides  Hicetaoniusque  Thymoetes 
Assaracique  duo  et  senior  cum  Castore  Thj^mbris 
prima  acies  ;  hos  germani  Sarpedonis  ambo,  125 

et  Clarus  et  Thaemon,  Ljcia  comitantur  ab  alta. 
fert  ingens  toto  conixus  corpore  saxum, 
baud  partem  exiguam  montis,  Lyrnesius  Acmon, 
nee  Clvtio  genitoi*e  minor  nee  fratre  Menestheo. 
hi  iaculis,  ilH  certant  defendere  saxis  130 

molirique  ignem  nervoque  aptare  sagittas. 
ipse  inter  medios,  Veneris  iustissima  cura, 
Dardanius  caput,  ecce,  puer  detectus  honestum, 
qualis  gemma  micat,  fulvum  quae  dividit  aurum, 
aut  collo  decus  aut  capiti,  vel  quale  per  artem       135 
inclusum  buxo  aut  Oricia  terebintho 
lucet  ebur ;  fusos  cervix  cui  lactea  crinis 

ii"  monitisve  Py^.  ^^^  quisque  31^. 

^2«  alta]  Ida  Py^,  ^"  cervix  fusos  Py. 

178 


AENEID    BOOK    X 

Rutiilian,  no  distinction  shall  I  make,  whether  it  be 
Italy's  fate  that  holds  the  camp  in  leaguer,  or  Troy's 
banelul  error  and  misleading  prophecies.  Nor  do  I 
free  the  Rutulians.^  Each  one's  own  course  shall 
bring  him  weal  or  woe.  Jupiter  is  king  over  all  alike  ; 
the  fates  shall  find  tlieir  way."  By  the  waters  of  his 
Stygian  brother,  by  the  banks  that  seethe  with  pitch 
and  black  swirling  waters,  he  nodded  assent,  and 
with  the  nod  made  all  Olympus  tremble.  So  passed 
the  parley.  Then  from  his  golden  thi-one  rose  Jupiter, 
and  the  celestial  company  gather  round  and  escort 
him  to  the  threshold. 

1^^  Meanwhile,  about  every  gate  the  Rutulians 
press  on,  to  slaughter  the  foe  with  the  sword,  and 
to  gird  the  ramparts  with  flame.  But  the  host  of  the 
Aeneadae  is  held  pent  within  the  palisades,  and 
hope  of  escape  is  none.  Forlorn  and  helpless  they 
stand  on  the  high  towers,  and  girdle  the  walls  with 
scanty  ring.  Asius,  son  of  Imbrasus,  and  Thymoetes, 
son  of  Hicetaon,  and  the  two  Assaraci,  and  Castor, 
and  old  Thymbris  are  the  foremost  rank  ;  at  their 
side  are  Sarpedon's  two  brothers,  Clarus  and  Thae- 
mon,  come  from  lofty  Lycia.  One,  straining  his 
whole  frame,  uplifts  a  giant  rock,  no  scant  frag- 
ment of  a  mount,  even  Acmon  of  Lyrnesus,  huge  as 
his  father  Clytius,  or  his  brother  Mnestheus.  Some 
.with  darts  and  some  with  stones,  they  strive  to  ward 
off  the  foe,  and  hurl  fire  and  fit  arrows  to  the  string. 
In  their  midst,  lo !  the  Dardan  boy  himself,  Venus' 
most  rightful  care,  his  comely  head  uncovered,  glit- 
ters like  a  jewel  inset  in  yellow  gold  to  adorn  or 
neck  or  head,  or  as  ivory  gleams,  skilfully  inlaid  in 
boxwood  or  Orician  terebinth ;  his  milk-Avhite  neck 

*  i.e.  from  obligations.    Jupiter's  decree  is  to  bind  them  as 
well  as  the  Trojans. 

179 
N  2 


VIRGIL 

accipit  et  moili  subnectit  cii'culus  aiiro. 

te  quoque  magnanimae  viderunt,  Ismare,  gentes, 

volnera  derigere  et  calamos  armare  veneno,  140 

Maeonia  generose  domo,  ubi  pinguia  culta 

exercentque  viri  Pactolusque  inrigat  auro. 

adfuit  et  Mnestlieus,  quem  pulsi  pristina  Turni 

aggere  murorum  sublimem  gloria  toUit, 

et  Capys  :  hinc  nomen  Campanae  ducitur  urbi.       145 

Illi  inter  sese  duri  eertamina  belli 
contulerant :  media  Aeneas  freta  nocte  secabat. 
naraque  ut  ab  Euandro  castris  ingressus  Etruscis 
regem  adit  et  regi  memorat  nomenque  genusque, 
quidve  petat  quidve  ipse  ferat,  Mezentius  arma     150 
quae  sibi  conciliet,  violentaque  pectora  Turni 
edocet,  humanis  quae  sit  fiducia  rebus 
admonet  immiscetque  preces  :  baud  fit  mora,  Tarchon 
iungit  opes  foedusque  ferit ;  tum  libera  fati 
classem  conscendit  iussis  gens  Lydia  divum,  155 

externo  commissa  duci.     Aeneia  puppis 
prima  tenet,  rostro  Phrygios  subiuncta  leones  ; 
imminet  Ida  super,  profugis  gratissima  Teucris. 
hie  magnus  sedet  Aeneas  secumque  volutat 
eventus  belli  varies,  Pallasque  sinistro  l6o 

adfixus  lateri  iam  quaerit  sidera,  oj)acae 
noctis  iter,  iam  quae  passus  terraque  marique. 

Pandite  nunc  Helicona,  deae,  cantusque  movete, 

"'  subnectens  3PPR.  ^^*  fatis  Serviua. 

'"3  monete  Fy^. 

*  c/.  Aen.  VIII.  503.    Now  that  they  have  a  foreign  leader, 
fate  will  not  oppose  them. 
180 


AENEID   BOOK   X 

receives  his  streaming  locks,  clasped  in  circlet  of 
pliant  gold.  Thee,  too,  Ismarus,  thy  high-souled 
clansmen  saw  aiming  wounds  and  arming  shafts  with 
venom,  thou  noble  scion  of  a  Lydian  house,  where  men 
till  rich  fields  and  Pactolus  waters  them  with  gold. 
There  too  was  Mnestheus,  whom  yesterday's  triumph 
of  thrusting  Turnus  from  the  rampart  heights  exalts 
to  the  stars ;  and  Capys,  from  whom  comes  the  name 
of  the  Campanian  city. 

^*^  Thus  they  had  clashed  in  stubborn  warfare's 
conflict :  and  Aeneas  at  midnight  was  cleaving  the 
seas.  For  soon  as,  leaving  Evander  and  entering  the 
Tuscan  camp,  he  meets  the  king,  and  to  the  king  an- 
nounces his  name  and  his  race,  the  aid  he  seeks,  and 
the  aid  he  himself  offers  ;  informs  him  of  the  forces 
Mezentius  is  gathering  to  his  side,  and  the  violence 
of  Turnus'  spirit ;  then  warns  him,  what  faitli  may  be 
put  in  things  human,  and  with  pleas  mingles  entrea- 
ties— without  delay  Tarchon  joins  forces  and  strikes 
a  treaty ;  then,  freed  from  Fate,^  the  Lj'dian  people 
embark  under  lieaven's  ordinance,  entrusting  them- 
selves to  a  foreign  leader.  Aeneas'  ship  leads  the 
van  with  Phrygian  lions  beneath  her  beak,  above 
them,  towering  Ida,  sight  most  welcome  to  'I'roj.au 
exiles.2  There  sits  great  Aeneas,  pondering  the 
changing  issues  of  war  ;  and  Pallas,  clinging  close  to 
his  left  side,  asks  him  now  of  the  stars,  their  guide 
through  darksome  night,  and  now  of  his  trials  by 
land  and  sea. 

163  Now  fling  wide  Helicon,  ye  goddesses,  and 
wake  your  song — what  host  comes  the  while  with 

'  The  ship's  figure-head  is  a  representation  of  Mount  Ida 
(doubtless  the  mountaingod),  while  below  it  are  the  lions  of 
Cybele.     ((/.  ix.  80  sq.) 

181 


VIRGIL 

quae  manus  interea  Tuscis  comitetur  ab  oris 
Aenean  armetque  rates  pelagoqiie  vehatur.  l65 

Massicus  aerata  princeps  secat  aequora  Tigri, 
sub  quo  mille  manus  iuvenum,  qui  moenia  Clusi 
quique  urbem  liquere  Cosas,  quis  tela  sagittae 
gorytique  leves  umeris  et  letifer  arcus. 
una  torvus  Abas  :  huic  totum  insignibus  armis        170 
agmen  et  aurato  fulgebat  Apolline  puppis. 
sescentos  illi  dederat  Populonia  mater 
expertos  belli  iuvenes,  ast  Ilva  trecentos 
insula,  inexhaustis  Chalybum  generosa  metallis. 
tertius  ille  liominum  divumque  interpres  Asilas,     175 
cui  pecudunt  librae,  caeli  cui  sidera  parent 
et  linguae  volucrum  et  praesagi  fulminis  ignes, 
mille  rapit  densos  acie  atque  horrentibus  hastis. 
hos  parere  iubent  Alpheae  ab  origine  Pisae, 
urbs  Etrusca  solo,     sequitur  pulcherrimus  Astyr,   180 
Astvr  equo  fidens  et  versicoloribus  armis. 
ter  centum  adiciunt  (mens  omnibus  una  sequendi), 
qui  Caerete  domo,  qui  sunt  Minionis  in  arvis,       mprv 
et  Pyrgi  veteres  intempestaeque  Graviscae. 

Non  ego  te,  Ligurum  ductor  fortissime  bello,     185 
transierim,  Cinyre,  et  paucis  comitate  Cupavo, 
cuius  olorinae  surgunt  de  vertice  pinnae 
(crimen.  Amor,  vestrum)  form.aeque  insigne  paternae. 
namque  ferunt  luctu  Cycnum  Phaethontisamati, 
populeas  inter  frondes  umbramque  sororum  190 

dum  canit  et  maestum  musa  solatur  amorem, 

^^8  Cosam  P^  ^'*  hastis]  armis  Py^. 

^"  Alphea  il/,  Priscian. 

^^^  Cinire  Fy%^c^:  Cin\'raeJ/;  cinera  P.-  ciiiere  7^c*. 

^  The  Chalybes  were  famous  workers  of  iron;  cf.  Aen. 
VIII.  4-20. 

2  i.e.  to  thee,  Love,  and  thy  mother,  Venus.  Cycnus, 
father  of  Cupavo,  loved  Phaethon,  and  was  a  witness  of  this 
182 


AENEID   BOOK    X 

Aeneas  from  the  Tuscan  shores,  arming  the  ships 
and  riding  o'er  the  sea. 

1^^  At  their  head  Massicus  cleaves  the  waters  in 
the  bronze-plated  Tiger  :  under  him  is  a  band  of  a 
thousand  youths,  who  have  left  the  walls  of  Clusium 
and  the  city  of  Cosae  ;  their  weapons  arrows,  light 
quivers  on  the  shoulders,  and  deadly  bows.  With 
him  is  grim  Abas,  all  his  train  in  dazzling  armour, 
his  vessel  gleaming  with  a  gilded  Apollo.  To  him 
Populonia  had  given  six  hundred  of  her  sons,  all 
skilled  in  war,  but  Ilva  three  hundred — an  island 
rich  in  the  Chalybes'  inexhaustible  mines.^  Third 
comes  Asilas,  famous  interpreter  between  gods  and 
men,  whom  the  victims'  entrails  obey,  and  the  stars 
of  heaven,  the  tongues  of  birds  and  prophetic  light- 
ning fires.  A  thousand  men  he  hurries  to  war  in 
serried  array  and  bristling  with  spears.  These  Pisa 
bids  obey  him — city  of  Alphean  birth,  but  set  in 
Tuscan  soil.  Then  follows  Astyr,  of  wondrous  beauty 
— Astyr,  relying  on  his  steed  and  many-coloured 
arms.  Three  hundred  more — all  of  one  soul  in  fol- 
lowing— come  from  th.e  men  who  have  their  home  in 
Caere  and  in  the  plains  of  Minio,  in  ancient  Pyrgi, 
and  fever-stricken  Graviscae. 

185  ]vJqj.  would  I  pass  thee  by,  O  Cinyras,  bravest 
in  war  of  Ligurian  captains,  or  thee,  Cupavo,  with 
thy  scanty  train,  from  whose  crest  rise  the  swan- 
plumes — a  reproach,  O  Love,  to  thee  and  thine  ^ — 
even  the  badge  of  his  father's  form.  For  they  tell 
that  Cycnus,  in  grief  for  his  loved  Phaethon,  while  he 
is  singing  and  with  music  solacing  his  woeful  love 
amid  the  shade  of   his   sisters'    leafy  poplars,  drew 

youth's  destruction  by  Jupiter.  Being  plunged  into  grief, 
he  was  transformed  into  a  swan.  The  sisters  of  Phaethon 
were  at  the  same  time  changed  into  poplars. 

183 


VIRGIL 

canentem  molli  pluma  duxisse  senectanij 
linquentem  terras  et  sidera  voce  sequentem. 
nlius,  aequalis  comitatus  classe  eatervas, 
ingentem  remis  Centaur  um  promo  vet :  ille  195 

instat  aquae  saxumque  undis  immane  minatur 
arduus,  et  longa  sulcat  maria  alta  carina. 

Ille  etiam  patriis  agmen  ciet  Ocnus  ab  oris, 
fatidicae  Mantus  et  Tusci  filius  aninis, 
qui  muros  matrisque  dedit  tibi,  Mantua,  nonien,   200 
Mantua,  dives  avis,  sed  non  genus  omnibus  unum  : 
gens  illi  triplex,  populi  sub  gente  quaterni, 
ipsa  caput  populis,  Tusco  de  sanguine  vires, 
hinc  quoque  quingentos  in  se  Mezentius  armat, 
quos  patre  Benaco  velatus  harundine  glauca  205 

Mincius  infesta  ducebat  in  aequora  pinu. 
it  gravis  Aulestes  centenaque  arbore  fluctum 
verberat  adsurgens  ;  spumant  vada  marmore  verso, 
hunc  vehit  immanis  Triton  et  caerula  concha         mhr 
exterrens  freta,  cui  laterum  tenus  hispida  nanti     210 
frons  hominem  praefert,  in  pristim  desinit  alvus ; 
spumea  semifero  sub  pectore  murmurat  unda. 
tot  lecti  proceres  ter  denis  navibus  ibant 
subsidio  Troiae  et  campos  salis  aere  secabant. 

lamque  dies  caelo  concesserat  almaque  curru     215 
noctivago  Phoebe  medium  pulsabat  Olympum  : 
Aeneas  (neque  enim  membris  dat  cura  quietem) 
ipse  sedens  clavumque  regit  velisque  ministrat. 
i«*  aequali  IP.         ""^  illis  T,  *"  fliictus  R. 

*  In  the  territory  of  Mantua  were  three  races,  eacli  master 
of  four  cities.  Ouce  head  of  a  confederacy  of  twelve  Tuscan 
184 


AENEID   BOOK    X 

over  his  form  the  soft  plumage  of  hoary  eld,  leaving 
earth  and  seeking  the  stars  with  his  cry.  His  son, 
following  on  ship-board  with  a  band  of  like  age, 
drives  with  oars  the  mighty  Centaur ;  over  the  water 
towers  the  monster,  and  threatens  to  hurl  a  monstrous 
rock  into  the  waves  from  above,  while  with  long 
keel  he  furrows  the  deep  seas. 

'^^  Yonder,  too,  Ocnus  sununons  a  host  from  his 
native  shores,  son  of  prophetic  Manto  and  the  Tuscan 
river,  who  gave  thee,  O  Mantua,  ramparts  and  his  . 
mother's  name — Mantua,  rich  in  ancestiy,  yet  not 
all  of  one  stock :  three  races  are  there,  and  under 
each  race  four  peoples :  ^  herself  the  head  of  the 
peoples,  her  strength  from  Tuscan  blood.  Hence, 
too,  Mezentius  arms  five  hundred  against  himself,"^ 
whom  Mincius,  child  of  Benacus,  crowned  witli  gray 
sedge,  leads  over  the  seas  in  their  hostile  ships  of 
pine.  On  comes  Aulestes  heavily,  lashing  the  waves 
as  he  rises  to  the  stroke  of  a  hundred  oars ;  the 
waters  foam  as  the  surface  is  uptorn.  He  sails  in 
the  huge  Triton,  whose  shell  affrights  the  blue  billows  : 
its  shaggy  front,  as  it  floats,  shows  a  man  down  to 
the  waist,  its  belly  ends  in  a  fish ;  beneath  the  mon- 
ster's breast  the  wave  gurgles  in  foam.  So  many  the 
chosen  chiefs  who  sailed  in  thrice  ten  ships  to  the 
succour  of  Troy,  and  cut  the  briny  plains  with  brazen 
beak. 

215  And  now  day  had  passed  from  the  sky  and 
gracious  Phoebe  was  ti"ampling  mid-heaven  with  her 
night-roving  steeds ;  Aeneas,  for  care  allows  no  rest 
to  his  limbs,  sat  at  his  post,  his  own  hand  guiding 
the  rudder  and  tending  the  sails.     And  lo !  in  mid 

cities  (c/.  Livy,  v.  33),  Mantua  in  the  time  of  Pliny  was  the 
only  Tuscan  city  north  of  the  Po. 
*  They  had  taken  up  arms  against  the  tyrant. 

185 


VIRGIL 

atque  illi  medio  in  spatio  chorus,  ecce,  suarum 
occurrit  comitum  :  nymphae,  quas  alma  Cybebe    220 
numen  habere  maris  nymphasque  e  navibus  esse 
iusserat,  innabant  pariter  fliictusque  secabant, 
quot  prius  aeratae  steterant  ad  htora  prorae. 
adgnoscunt  longe  regem  lustrantque  choreis. 
quarum  quae  fandi  doctissima  Cymodocea  225 

pone  sequens  dextra  puppim  tenet  ipsaque  dorso 
eminet  ac  laeva  tacitis  subremigat  undis. 
turn  sic  ignarum  adloquitur:  "vigilasne,  deum  gens, 
Aenea?  vigila  et  velis  immitte  rudeiitis. 
nos  sumus,  Idaeae  sacro  de  vertice  pinus,  230 

nunc  pelagi  Nymphae,  classis  tua.    perfidus  ut  nos 
praecipites  ferro  Riitiikis  flammaque  premebatj 
rupimus  invitae  tua  vincula  teque  per  aequor 
quaerimus.    hanc  Genetrix  faciem  miserata  refecit 
et  dedit  esse  deas  aevumque  agitare  sub  undis.      235 
at  puer  Ascanius  muro  fossisque  tenetur  Mniv 

tela  inter  media  atque  hon-entis  Marte  Latinos, 
iam.loca  iussa  tenet  forti  permixtus  Etrusco 
Areas  eques  ;  medias  illis  opponere  turmas, 
ne  castris  iungant,  certa  est  sententia  Turno.         240 
surge  age  et  Aurora  socios  veniente  vocari 
primus  in  arma  iube  et  clipeum  cape,  quern  dedit  ipse 
invictum  ignipotens  atque  oras  ambiit  auro. 
crastina  lux,  mea  si  non  inrita  dicta  putaris, 
ingentis  Rutulae  spectabit  caedis  acervos."  245 

dixerat,  et  dextra  discedens  impulit  altam, 
haud  ignara  modi,  puppim  :  fugit  ilia  per  undas 
ocior  et  iaculo  et  ventos  aequante  sagitta. 

2-'  nomen  Py^.  ^^^  quot]  quae  P*.     puppis  3P. 

^^''  horrentis  MR:  orrentis  7*6/  ardentis  /'7'. 
"*  tenent  MV.  ^^^  ipse]  igni  V. 

*'*  speclabis  MFy^,  known  to  Strcius. 
186 


AENEID   BOOK    X 

course  a  band  of  his  own  company  meets  him,  for 
the  njTTiphs  whom  gracious  Cybele  had  bidden  be 
deities  of  the  sea,  and  turn  from  ships  to  nymphs, 
came  swimming  abreast  and  cleaving  the  billows,  as 
many  as  the  brazen  prows  that  once  lay  moored  to 
shore.  They  know  their  king  from  afar,  and  encircle 
him  with  dances.  Fi'om  among  them,  Cymodocea, 
who  was  most  skilled  in  speech,  following  behind, 
grasps  the  stern  with  her  right  hand,  and  herself 
rises  breast  high  above  the  Mave,  while  with  her  left 
hand  she  oars  her  way  upon  the  silent  waters.  Then 
thus  she  accosts  the  prince,  all  unaware :  "  Wakest 
thou,  Aeneas,  scion  of  gods.-*  Wake  and  fling  loose 
the  sheets  of  thy  sails.  We — pines  of  Ida,  from  her 
sacred  crest,  now  nymphs  of  the  sea — are  thy  fleet  I 
When  the  traitorous  Rutulian  was  driving  us  head- 
long with  fire  and  sword,  reluctant  we  broke  thy 
bonds,  and  are  seeking  thee  over  the  main.  This  new 
shape  the  Great  Motlier  gave  us  in  pity,  and  granted 
us  to  be  goddesses  and  speiid  our  life  beneath  the 
waves.  But  thy  boy  Ascanius  is  liemmed  in  by  wall  and 
trench,  in  the  midst  of  arms  and  of  Latins,  bristling 
with  war.  Already  the  Arcadian  horse,  joined  with 
brave  Etruscans,  hold  the  appointed  place  ;  to  bar 
their  way  with  interposing  squadrons,  lest  they  ap- 
proach the  camp,  is  Turnus'  fixed  resolve.  Up,  then, 
and  with  the  coming  dawn  first  bid  thy  friends  be 
called  to  arms,  and  take  thou  the  shield  which  the 
Lord  of  Fire  himself  gave  thee — the  shield  invinci- 
ble, and  rimmed  about  with  gold.  To-morrow's 
liglit,  if  thou  deem  not  my  words  idle,  shall  look  on 
miglitj-  heaps  of  Rutulian  carnage."  She  ended,  and 
at  parting,  with  her  right  hand  she  drove  the  tall 
ship  on,  well  knowing  how ;  on  it  speeds  over  the 
wave,   fleeter   than    javelin   and    wind-swift   arrow. 

187 


VIRGIL 

inde  aliae  celerant  cursus.     stupet  inscius  ipse 
Tros  Anchisiades,  animos  tamen  omine  tollit.         250 
turn  breviter  supera  aspectans  convexa  precatur  : 
"alma  parens  Idaea  deum,  cui  Dindyma  cordi 
turrigeraeque  urbes  biiugique  ad  frena  leones, 
tu  mihi  nunc  pugnae  princepSj  tu  rite  propinques 
auguriuQi  Phrygibusque  adsis  pede,  diva,  secundo." 
tantum  effatus.     et  interea  revoluta  ruebat  256 

niatura  iam  luce  dies  noctemque  fugarat. 
Principio  sociis  edicit,  signa  sequantur 
atque  animos  aptent  armis  pugnaeque  parent  se. 
iamque  in  conspectu  Teucros  habet  et  sua  castra,  260 
stans  celsa  in  puppi,  clipeum  cum  deinde  sinistra 
extulit  ardentem.     claraorem  ad  sidera  toUunt      mpr 
Dardanidae  e  muris,  spes  addita  suscitat  iras, 
tela  manu  iaciunt,  quales  sub  nubibus  atris 
Strymoniae  dant  signa  grues  atque  aetheratranant  265 
cum  sonitu,  fugiuntque  Notos  clamore  secundo. 
at  Rutulo  regi  ducibusque  ea  mira  videri 
Ausoniis,  donee  versas  ad  litora  puppis 
respiciunt  totumque  adlabi  classibus  aequor. 
ardet  apex  capiti  cristisque  a  vertice  flamma  270 

funditur  et  vastos  umbs  vomit  aureus  ignis  : 
non  secus  ac  liquida  si  quando  nocte  cometae 
sanguinei  lugubre  rubent,  aut  Sirius  ardor 
ille,  sitim  morbosque  ferens  mortalibus  aegris, 
nascitur  et  laevo  contristat  lumine  caelum.  275 

«1  super  M^PVy^.  *^=  rubebat  r-y^ 

*''  a]  ac  FJiy.  *"^  aerius  M, 

18b 


AENEID    BOOK    X 

Then  the  rest  quicken  their  speed.  Marvelling,  the 
Trojan  son  of  Anchises  is  in  amaze,  yet  cheers  his 
soul  with  the  omen.  Then  looking  at  the  vault 
above,  he  briefly  prays :  "  Gracious  lady  of  Ida, 
mother  of  the  gods,  to  whom  Dindymus  is  dear,  and 
tower-crowned  cities,  and  lions  coupled  to  thy  rein, 
be  thou  now  my  leader  in  the  fight,  do  tliou  duly 
prosper  the  omen,  and  attend  thy  Phrj'gians,  O  god- 
dess, with  favouring  step  !  "  Thus  much  he  said  ; 
and  meanwhile  the  returning  day  was  rushing  on 
with  fulness  of  light,  and  had  chased  away  the 
night. 

258  pii-st  lie  commands  his  comrades  to  follow  his 
signals,  attune  their  hearts  to  combat  and  fit  them- 
selves for  the  fray.  And  now,  as  he  stands  on  the 
high  stern,  he  had  his  Trojans  and  his  camp  in  view, 
when  at  once  he  lifted  high  in  his  left  hand  his 
blazing  shield.  The  Dardans  from  the  walls  raise  a 
shout  to  the  sky ;  fresh  hope  kindles  wrath  ;  they 
shower  their  darts  amain — even  as  amid  black  clouds 
Strymonian  cranes  give  signal,  while  clamorously 
they  skim  the  air,  and  flee  before  the  south  winds 
with  joyous  cries.^  But  to  the  Rutulian  king  and 
the  Ausonian  captains  these  things  seemed  marvel- 
lous, till,  looking  back,  they  behold  the  shoreward- 
facing  sterns,  and  the  whole  sea  moving  onward  with 
the  ships.  On  the  hero's  head  blazes  the  helmet- 
peak,  flame  streams  from  the  crest  aloft,  and  the 
shield's  golden  boss  spouts  floods  of  fire — even  as 
when  in  the  clear  night  comets  glow  blood-red  in 
baneful  wise ;  or  even  as  fiery  Sirius,  that  bearer  of 
drought  and  pestilence  to  feeble  mortals,  rises  and 
saddens  the  sky  with  baleful  light. 

*  They  are  returning,  at  the  end  of  winter,  to  their  home 
on  the  Strynion. 

189 


VIRGIL 

Haud  tamen  audaci  Turno  fiducia  cessit 
litora  praecipere  et  venientis  pellere  terra.  277 

"quod  votis  optastis,  adestj  perfringere  dextra.      279 
in  manibus  Mars  ipse  viris.     nunc  coniugis  esto    280 
quisque  suae  tectique  memor,  nunc  magna  referto 
facta^  patrum  laudes.    ultro  occurramus  ad  undam, 
duni  trepidi  egressisque  labant  vestigia  prima, 
audentis  Fortuna  iuvat." 

haec  ait  et  secum  versat,  quos  ducere  contra  285 

vel  quibus  obsesses  possit  concredere  muros. 

Interea  Aeneas  socios  de  puppibus  altis 
pontibus  exponit.     multi  servare  recursus 
languentis  pelagi  et  brevibiis  se  credere  saltu, 
per  remos  alii,     speculatus  litora  Tarchon,  290 

qua  vada  non  spirant  nee  fracta  remurmurat  unda^ 
sed  mare  inoffensum  crescenti  adlabitur  aestu, 
advertit  subito  proras  sociosque  precatur  : 
"  nunc,  o  lecta  manus,  validis  incumbite  remis ; 
tollite,  ferte  rates  ;  inimicam  findite  rostris  295 

banc  terram,  sulcumque  sibi  premat  ipsa  carina, 
frangere  nee  tali  puppim  statione  recuso, 
arrepta  tellure  semel."     quae  talia  postquam 
effatus  Tarchon,  socii  consurgere  tonsis 
spumantisque  rates  arvis  inferre  Latinis,  SOO 

donee  rostra  tenent  siccum  et  sedere  carinae 
omnes  innocuae.     sed  non  puppis  tua,  Tarchon. 
namque  inflicta  vadis  dorso  dum  pendet  iniquo, 
anceps  sustentata  diu,  fluctusque  f'atigat, 
solvitur  atque  viros  mediis  exponit  in  undis ;  305 

fragmina  remorum  quos  et  fluitantia  transtra 
impediunt  retrahitque  pedes  simul  unda  relabens. 

«'8  (=  IX,  127)  omitted  hy  MPy.         "»  viri  li. 

^*^  referte  Py^.  *''  egressi  Ry,  known  to  Serviua, 

^"1  sperat  Pity,  jn-eferred  by  Servivs. 

2i)3  pioraiii  J/*;  prora  H,  ^'"  puppes  PE. 

303  vadi  P\  Probua.  »«'  pedem  M*. 

190 


AENEID    BOOK    X 

2^^  Yet  fearless  Tumus  lost  not  the  firm  hope,  to 
seize  the  shore  first,  and  drive  the  coming  foe  from 
land.  "  What  in  your  prayers  ye  have  craved,  ye 
now  may  do — break  through  with  the  sword  !  The 
war-god's  self  is  in  brave  men's  hands  !  ^  Now  let 
each  be  mindful  of  his  wife  and  home ;  now  recall 
the  great  deeds,  the  glories  of  our  sires !  Let  us  on 
and  meet  them  at  the  water's  edge,  while  they  are 
confused,  and  their  feet  falter,  as  first  they  land. 
Fortune  aids  the  daring."  So  saying,  he  ponders 
with  himself  whom  to  lead  to  the  attack,  or  to  whom 
he  may  entrust  the  beleaguered  walls. 

-*^  Meanwhile  Aeneas  lands  his  crews  from  the 
tall  ships  by  gangways.  Many  watch  for  the  ebb  of 
the  spent  sea,  and  boldly  leap  into  the  shallows ; 
others  use  oars.  Tarchon,  marking  the  shore  where 
the  shallows  heave  not  nor  the  broken  billow  roars, 
but  the  sea,  unchecked,  glides  up  with  spreading 
flow,  suddenly  turns  his  prows  thither  and  implores 
his  men  :  "  Now,  O  chosen  band,  bend  to  your  stout 
oars !  Uplift,  drive  on  your  barques ;  cleave  with 
your  beaks  this  hostile  shore,  and  let  the  keel  her- 
self plough  a  furrow.  In  such  resting-place  I  shrink 
not  from  shijiwreck,  so  but  once  I  win  the  land." 
When  Tarchon  has  thus  spoken,  his  comrades  rise 
on  to  their  oars,  and  drive  tlieir  foaming  ships  upon 
the  Latin  fields,  till  the  beaks  gain  the  dry  land  and 
every  hull  comes  to  rest  unscathed.  But  not  thy 
ship,  Tarchon ;  for  while,  dashing  amid  the  shallows, 
she  hangs  upon  an  uneven  ridge,  long  poised  in 
doubtful  balance,  and  wearies  the  waves,  she  breaks 
up  and  plunges  her  crew  amid  the  billows.  Broken 
oars  and  floating  thwarts  entangle  them,  while  the 
ebbing  wave  sucks  back  their  feet. 

*  Or,  reading  viri,  "  Comrades,  Mars  himself  (=  the  battle 
itself)  is  in  your  hands  1" 

191 


VIRGIL 

Nee  Turniim  segnis  rctinet  mora,  sed  rapit  accr 
totam  aciem  in  Teucros  et  contra  in  litore  sistit. 
signa  canunt.     primus  tui'mas  invasit  agrestis        310 
Aeneas,  omen  pugnae,  stravitque  Latinos, 
occiso  Therone,  virum  qui  maximus  ultro 
Aenean  petit,     huie  gladio  perque  aerea  suta, 
per  tunicam  squalentem  auro  latus  haurit  apertum. 
inde  Lichan  ferit,  exseetum  iam  matre  perempta    315 
et  tibi,  Piioebe,  sacrum,  casus  evadere  ferri 
quod  licuit  parvo.     nee  longe,  Cissea  durum 
inimanemque  Gyan,  sternentis  agmina  clava, 
deiecit  Leto  :  nihil  illos  Herculis  ai*ma 
nee  validae  iuvere  manus  genitorque  Melampus,   320 
Alcidae  comes  usque  gravis  dum  terra  labores 
praebuit.     ecce  Pharo,  voces  dum  iactat  inertis, 
intorquens  iaculum  clamanti  sistit  in  ore. 
tu  quoque,  flaventem  prima  lanugine  malas 
dum  sequeris  Clytium  infelix,  nova  gaudia,  Cydon,  325 
Dardania  stratus  dextra,  securus  amorum, 
qui  iuvenum  tibi  semper  erant,  miserande  iaceres, 
ni  fratrum  stipata  cohors  foret  obvia,  Phorci 
progenies,  septem  numero,  septenaque  tela 
coniciunt :  partim  galea  clipeoque  resultant  330 

inrita,  deflexit  partim  stringentia  corpus 
alma  Venus,     fidum  Aeneas  adfatur  Achaten  : 
"suggere  tela  mihi :  non  ullum  dextera  frustra 
torserit  in  Rutulos,  steterunt  quae  in  corpore  Graium 
Iliacis  eampis."     tum  magnam  corripit  hastam      335 
et  iacit :  ilia  volans  clipei  transverberat  aera 
Maeonis  et  thoraca  simul  cum  pectore  rumpit. 
huic  frater  subit  Alcanor  fratremque  ruentem 

'^^  quo  r^y^:  cui  iJ,  hioum  to  Senmis. 
^-'  cum  M^.  2^^  clamantis  MFy, 

"^  steteriut  M\ 

192 


AENEID   BOOK   X 

308  ]sjoj.  (Joes  dull  delay  hold  Turnus  back,  but 
swiftly  he  sweeps  his  whole  army  upon  the  Trojans, 
and  plants  it  against  them  on  the  shore.  The  trum- 
pets sound.  First  dashed  Aeneas  on  the  rustic 
ranks — fair  omen  for  the  fight — and  laid  low  the 
Latins,  slaying  Theron,  who  in  his  might  dared  assail 
the  hero  Aeneas.  Driven  through  the  brazen  joints 
and  through  tunic  rough  with  gold,  the  sword  drank 
from  his  pierced  side.  Next  he  strikes  Lichas,  who 
was  cut  from  his  dead  mother's  womb,  and  conse- 
crated to  thee,  Phoebus,  for  that  as  a  babe  he  was 
suffered  to  escape  the  peril  of  the  steel.  Hard  by, 
he  cast  down  to  death  sturdy  Cisseus  and  giant  Gyas, 
as  they  with  clubs  laid  low  the  ranks  :  naught  availed 
them  the  arms  of  Hercules,  or  their  stout  hands  and 
Melampus  their  sire — even  Alcides'  comrade,  while 
earth  yielded  him  grievous  travails.  Lo  !  as  Pharus 
flings  forth  idle  words,  he  launches  his  javelin  and 
plants  it  in  his  bawling  mouth.  Thou,  too,  hapless 
Cydon,  while  thou  followest  thy  new  delight,  Clytius, 
whose  cheeks  are  golden  with  early  down — thou 
hadst  fallen  under  the  Dardan  hand  and  lain,  O 
piteous  siglit,  forgetful  of  all  thy  youthful  loves,  had 
not  thy  brethren's  serried  band  met  the  foe — chil- 
dren of  Phorcus,  seven  in  number,  and  seven  the 
darts  they  throw.  Some  from  helmet  and  shield 
glance  idly ;  some,  so  that  they  but  graze  the  body, 
kindly  Venus  turned  aside.  Thus  Aeneas  speaks  to 
loyal  Achates  :  "  Bring  me  store  of  weapons ;  none 
shall  my  hand  hurl  at  Rutulians  in  vain,  of  all  that 
once  on  Ilium's  plains  were  lodged  in  bodies  of  the 
Greeks."  Then  he  seizes  a  gi-eat  spear  and  hurls  it ; 
flying,  it  crashes  through  the  brass  of  Maeon's  shield, 
rending  corslet  and  breast  at  once.  To  his  aid  runs 
up  Alcanor,  and  with  his  right  ami  brother  upholds 

193 

VOL.  II.  O 


VIRGIL 

sustentat  dextra  :  traiecto  missa  lacerto 

protinus  hasta  fugit  servatque  cruenta  tenorem,    340 

dexteraque  ex  umero  nervis  moribunda  pependit. 

turn  Numitor  iaculo  fratris  de  corpore  rapto 

Aenean  petiit ;  sed  non  et  figere  contra 

est  licitum,  magnique  femur  perstrinxit  Achatae. 

Hie  Curibus,  fidens  primaevo  corpore,  Clausus  345 
advenit  et  rigida  Dryoi:)em  ferit  eminus  hasta 
sub  mentum  graviter  pressa  pariterque  loquentis 
vocem  animamque  rapit  traiecto  gutture  :  at  ille 
fronte  ferit  terrain  et  crassum  vomit  ore  cruorem. 
tris  quoque  Threicios  Boreae  de  gente  suprema     350 
et  tris,  quos  Idas  pater  et  patria  Ismara  mittit, 
per  varios  sternit  casus,     accurrit  Halaesus 
Auruncaeque  manus,  subit  et  Neptunia  proles, 
insignis  Messapus  equis.     expellere  tendunt 
nunc  hi,  nunc  illi ;  certatur  Hmine  in  ipso  355 

Ausoniae.     magno  discordes  aethere  venti 
proelia  ceu  toUunt  animis  et  viribus  acquis ; 
non  ipsi  inter  se,  non  nubila,  non  mare  cedit ; 
anceps  pugna  diu,  stant  obnixa  omnia  contra  : 
haud  aliter  Troianae  acies  aciesque  Latinae  S60 

concurruntj  haeret  pede  pes  densusque  viro  vir. 

At  parte  ex  alia,  qua  saxa  rotantia  late 
impulerat  torrens  arbustaque  diruta  ripis, 
Arcadas,  insuetos  acies  inferre  pedestris, 
ut  vidit  Pallas  Latio  dare  terga  sequaci  S65 

(aspera  quis  natura  loci  dimittere  quando 
suasit  equos),  unum  quod  rebus  restat  egenis, 
nunc  prece,  nunc  dictis  virtutem  accendit  amaris : 
"  quo  fugitis,  socii  ?  per  vos  et  fortia  facta, 

"»  ferit]  preinit  Py\  »"  cedunt  .)/». 

*®'  intulerat  U. 

SGG  quos  Fy^.     Prisciuii   inUrprets   quando   as   aliquando, 
Sei-rius  as  siquidem. 
194 


AENEID    BOOK    X 

falling  brother ;  piercing  the  arm,  the  spear  flies  right 
onward,  keeping  its  bloody  course,  and  the  dying 
arm  hung  by  the  sinews  from  the  shoulder.  Then 
Numitor,  tearing  the  lance  from  his  brother's  body, 
aimed  at  Aeneas,  yet  could  not  also  strike  him  full, 
but  grazed  the  thigh  of  great  Achates. 

S'lS  Now  comes  up  Clausus  from  Cures,  trusting  in 
his  youthful  frame,  and  from  a  distance  smites  Dryops 
under  the  chin  with  his  stiff  shaft  driven  amain,  and 
piercing  his  throat  robs  him,  even  as  he  speaks, 
of  voice  and  life  together ;  but  Dryops  smites 
the  ground  with  his  forehead,  and  from  his  mouth 
vomits  thick  gore.  Three  Thracians,  too,  of  the 
exalted  race  of  Boreas,  and  three,  whom  their  father 
Idas  and  their  native  Ismarus  sent  forth,  he  lays  low 
in  divers  wise.  Halaesus  runs  to  his  side,  and  the 
Auruncan  bands  ;  the  scion,  too,  of  Neptune  comes 
up,  Messapus  glorious  with  his  steeds.  Now  these, 
now  those,  strain  to  thrust  back  the  foe ;  on 
Ausonia's  very  threshold  is  the  struggle.  As  in 
wide  heaven  warring  winds  rise  to  battle,  matched  in 
spirit  and  strength  ;  they  yield  not  to  one  another — 
not  winds,  not  clouds,  not  sea ;  long  is  the  battle 
doubtful  ;  all  things  stand  locked  in  struggle ;  even 
so  clash  the  ranks  of  Troy  and  the  ranks  of  Latium, 
foot  fast  with  foot,  and  man  massed  with  man. 

3^^  But  in  another  part,  where  a  torrent  had  driven 
far  and  wide  rolling  boulders  and  bushes  uptorn  from 
the  banks,  soon  as  Pallas  saw  his  Arcadians,  unused 
to  charge  on  foot,  turn  to  flight  before  pursuing 
Latium — for  the  roughness  of  ground  lured  them  for 
once  to  resign  their  steeds — then,  as  the  one  hope 
in  such  strait,  now  with  entreaties,  now  Avith  bitter 
words,  he  fires  their  valour :  "  Friends,  whither  flee 
ye  ?     By  your  brave  deeds  I  pray  you,  by  your  King 

195 
o  2 


VIRGIL 

per  ducis  Euandri  nomen  devictaque  bella  370 

spemque  meam,  patriae  quae  nunc  subit  aemula  laudi, 
fidite  ne  pedibus.     ferro  rumpenda  per  bostis 
est  via.     qua  globus  ille  virum  densissimus  urget, 
hac  vos  et  Pallanta  ducem  patria  alta  reposcit. 
numina  nulla  preniunt,  mortali  urgemur  ab  boste  375 
mortales  ;  totidem  nobis  animaeque  manusque. 
ecce,  maris  magna  claudit  nos  obice  pontus, 
deest  lam  tei'ra  fugae ;  pelagus  Troiamne  petemus?  " 
haec  ait  et  medius  densos  prorumpit  in  hostis. 

Obvius  buic  primum,  fatis  adductus  iniquis,        380 
fit  Lagus.   hunc,  magno  vellit  dum  pondere  saxum, 
intorto  figit  telo,  discrimina  costis 
per  medium  qua  spina  dabat,  bastamque  receptat 
ossibus  baerentem.   quem  non  super  occupat  Hisbo, 
ille  quidem  hoc  sperans  :  nam  Pallas  ante  ruentem,  385 
dum  furitj  incautum  crudeli  morte  sodalis 
excipit  atque  ensem  tumido  in  pulmone  recondit. 
hinc  Stbenium  petit  et  Rhoeti  de  gente  vetusta 
Anchemolum,  tbalamos  ausum  incestare  novercae. 
vos  etiam,  gemini,  Rutulis  cecidistis  in  arvis,  390 

Daucia,  Laride  Thymberque,  simillima  proles, 
indiscreta  suis  gratusque  parentibus  error  ; 
at  nunc  dura  dedit  vobis  discrimina  Pallas : 
nam  tibi,  Tbymbre,  caput  Euandrius  abstulit  ensis, 
te  decisa  suum,  Laride^  dextera  quaerit  395 

semianimesque  micant  digiti  ferrumque  retractant. 

Arcadas  accensos  monitu  et  praeclara  tuentis 
facta  viri  mixtus  dolor  et  pudor  armat  in  hostis. 

'"  Servius  knows  maguo,  magna,  and  magni. 

3'8  petamus  M^Ey^.  *"  vellit  magno  Pliy. 

"»  dedit  iJ.         ««"  agris  7-)^         «•«  pudor]  furor  A 

196 


AENEID    BOOK   X 

Evander's  name^  by  the  wars  ye  have  won,  by  my 
hopes,  now  springing  up  to  match  my  father's  re- 
nown— trust  not  to  flight.  'Tis  the  sword  must  hew 
a  way  through  the  foe.  Where  yonder  mass  of  men 
presses  thickest,  there  your  noble  country  calls  you 
back,  with  Pallas  at  your  head.  No  gods  press  upon 
us;  mortals,  by  mortal  foes  are  we  driven;  we  have 
as  many  lives,  as  many  hands  as  they.  Lo !  ocean 
hems  us  in  with  mighty  barrier  of  sea ;  even  now 
earth  fails  our  flight ;  shall  we  seek  the  main  or 
Troy  ?  "  So  speaking,  he  dashes  on  into  the  midst 
of  the  serried  foe. 

880  First  Lagus  meets  him,  drawn  thither  by  un- 
kind fate ;  him,  while  tearing  at  a  stone  of  vast 
weight,  he  pierces  with  hui'led  javelin,  where  the 
spine  midway  between  the  ribs  made  a  parting,  and 
plucks  back  the  spear  from  its  lodging  in  the  bones. 
Nor  does  Hisbo  surprise  him,  falling  on  him  from 
above,  and  hopeful  though  he  be  ;  for  Pallas,  as  he 
rushes  on,  reckless  and  enraged  o'er  his  comrade's 
cruel  death,  has  welcome  ready  and  buries  his  sword 
in  his  swollen  ^  lung.  Next  he  assails  Sthenius,  and 
Ancheniolus  of  Rhoetus'  ancient  line,  who  dared 
defile  his  stepdame's  bed.  Ye  too,  twin  brethren, 
fell  on  Rutulian  plains,  Larides  and  Thymber,  sons  of 
Daucus,  most  like  in  semblance,  indistinguishable  to 
kindred,  and  to  their  own  parents  a  sweet  perplexity. 
But  a  grim  difference  now  has  Pallas  made  between 
you.  For  thy  head,  Thymber,  had  Evander's  sword 
swept  off;  while  thy  severed  hand,  Larides,  seeks  its 
master,  and  the  dying  fingers  twitch  and  clutch 
again  at  the  sword, 

^^^  Fired  by  his  chiding  and  beholding  his  glorious 
deeds,  the  Arcadians  are  armed  by  mingled  wrath 
*  i.e.  with  rage. 

197 


VIRGIL 

turn  Pallas  biiugis  fugientem  Rhoetea  praeter 

traicit.     hoc  spatium  tantumque  morae  fuit  Ilo.    4-00 

Ilo  namque  procul  validam  derexerat  hastam  : 

quam  medius  Rhoeteus  intercipit,  optime  Teutlira, 

te  fugiens  fratremque  Tyren ;  curruque  volutus 

caedit  semianimis  Rutulorum  calcibus  arva. 

ac  velut  optato  ventis  aestate  coortis  405 

dispersa  immittit  silvis  incendia  pastor  ; 

correptis  subito  mediis  extenditur  una 

horrida  per  latos  acies  Volcania  campos ; 

ille  sedens  victor  flammas  despectat  ovantis : 

non  aliter  socium  virtus  coit  omnis  in  unum  410 

teque  iuvat,  Palla.     sed  bellis  acer  Halaesus 

tendit  in  adversos  seque  in  sua  colligit  arma. 

hie  mactat  Ladona  Pheretaque  Demodocumque, 

Strymonio  dextram  fulgenti  deripit  ense 

elatam  in  iugulum,  saxo  ferit  era  Thoantis  415 

ossaque  dispersit  cerebro  permixta  cruento. 

fata  canens  silvis  genitor  celarat  Halaesura  : 

ut  senior  leto  canentia  lumina  solvit, 

iniecere  manum  Parcae  telisque  sacrarunt 

Euandri.     quern  sic  Pallas  petit  ante  precatus  :     420 

"da  nunc,  Thybri  pater,  ferro,  quod  missile  libro, 

fortunam  atque  viam  duri  per  pectus  Halaesi. 

haec  arma  exuviasque  viri  tua  quercus  habebit." 

audiit  ilia  deus  ;  dum  texit  Imaona  Halaesus, 

Arcadio  infelix  telo  dat  pectus  inennum.  425 

At  non  caede  viri  tanta  perterrita  Lausus, 
pars  ingens  belli,  sinit  agmina  :  primus  Abantem 
oppositum  interimit,  pugnae  nodumque  moramque 

*"''  dircxorat  ?.nPy. 
*'•  cavens,  known  to  Serviua. 
19s 


AENEID    BOOK    X 

and  shame  to  fjxce  the  foe.  Then  Pallas  pierces 
Rhoeteus,  as  he  flies  past  in  his  car.  Thus  much 
respite,  thus  much  delay  Ilus  gained ;  for  at  Ilus  he 
had  launched  from  afar  his  strong  spear,  and 
Rhoeteus  intercepts  it  midway,  fleeing  from  thee, 
noble  Teuthras,  and  from  Tyres  thy  brother.  Rolling 
from  the  car  in  death,  he  spurns  with  his  heels  the 
Rutulian  fields.  And  as  in  summer,  when  the  winds 
he  longed  for  have  risen,  some  shepherd  kindles 
fires  here  and  there  among  the  woods  ;  on  a  sudden 
the  mid-spaces  catch,  and  Vulcan's  bristling  battle- 
line  spreads  o'er  the  broad  fields  unbroken ;  he, 
from  his  seat,  gazes  down  victorious  on  the  revelling 
flames  :  even  so  all  thy  comrades'  chivalry  rallies  to 
one  point  in  aid  of  thee,  Pallas  !  But  Halaesus,  bold 
in  war,  advances  to  confront  them,  and  gathers 
himself  behind  his  shield.  He  slays  Ladon,  and 
Pheres,  and  Demodocus ;  with  gleaming  sword  he 
lops  off  Strymonius'  hand,  raised  against  his  throat ; 
then  smites  Thoas  in  the  face  with  a  stone,  and 
scattered  the  bones,  mingled  with  blood  and  brains. 
His  sire,  prophetic  of  fate,  had  hidden  Halaesus  in 
the  woods :  when,  with  advance  of  age,  he  relaxed 
his  glazing  eyes  in  death,  the  Fates  laid  hand  on  him 
and  devoted  him  to  Evander's  darts.  Him  Pallas 
assails,  first  praying  thus  :  "  Grant  now,  father  Tiber, 
to  the  steel  I  poise  and  hurl,  a  prosperous  way 
through  stout  Halaesus'  breast ;  thy  oak  shall  hold 
these  arms  and  the  hero's  spoils."  The  god  heard 
the  prayer ;  while  Halaesus  shielded  Imaon,  the 
luckless  man  offers  his  defenceless  breast  to  the 
Arcadian  lance. 

*26  But  Lausus,  a  mighty  portion  of  the  war,  lets 
not  his  ranks  be  dismayed  by  the  hero's  vast  carnage  ; 
first  he  cuts  down  Abas,  who  faces  him,  the  battle's 

199 


VIRGIL 

sternitur  Arcadiae  proles,  sternuntur  Etrusci, 
et  vos,  o  Grais  imperdita  corpora^  Teucri.  430 

agmina  concurrunt  ducibusque  et  viribus  acquis, 
extremi  addensent  acies  nee  turba  moveri 
tela  manusque  sinit.     hinc  Pallas  instat  et  urget, 
hinc  contra  Lausus,  nee  multum  discrepat  actas, 
egregii  forma,  sed  quis  Fortuna  negarat  435 

in  patriam  reditus.     ipsos  concurrere  passus 
haud  tamen  inter  se  magni  regnator  Olympi ; 
mox  illos  sua  fata  manent  maiore  sub  hoste. 

Interea  soror  alrqa  monet  succedere  Lauso 
Turnum,  qui  volucri  curru  medium  secat  agmen.     440 
ut  vidit  socios  :  "  tempus  desistere  pugnae  ; 
solus  ego  in  Pallanta  feror,  soli  mihi  Pallas 
debetur;  cuperem  ipse  parens  spectator  adesset." 
haec  scit,  et  socii  cesserunt  aequore  iusso. 
at  Rutulum  abscessu  iuvenis  turn,  iussa  superba    445 
miratus,  stupet  in  Turno  corpusque  per  ingens 
lumina  volvit  obitque  truci  procul  omnia  visu, 
talibus  et  dictis  it  contra  dicta  tyranni : 
"aut  spoliis  ego  iam  raptis  laudabor  opimis 
aut  leto  insigni ;  sorti  pater  aequus  utrique  est.     450 
tolle  minas."     fatus  medium  procedit  in  aequor. 
frigidus  Arcadibus  coit  in  praecordia  sanguis, 
desiluit  Turnus  biiugis,  pedes  apparat  ire 
comminus ;  utque  leo,  specula  cum  vidit  ab  alta 
stare  procul  campis  meditantem  in  proelia  taurum,  455 
advolat :  haud  alia  est  Turni  venientis  imago, 
hunc  ubi  contiguum  missae  fore  credidit  hastae, 

"«  addensant  Ml^Iiy.  *"  pugna  R. 

***  miratur  Ily\  ***  in  omitted  by  P"). 

200 


AENEID   BOOK    X 

knot^  and  barrier.  Then  falls  the  youth  of  Arcadia, 
the  Etruscans  fall,  and  ye,  O  Trojans,  whose  bodies 
the  Greeks  wasted  not.  The  armies  close,  matched 
in  captains,  as  in  might ;  the  rearmost  crowd  upon 
the  van,  and  the  throng  suffers  not  weapons  or  hands 
to  move.  Here  Pallas  presses  and  strains ;  there 
Lausus  confronts  him ;  the  two  nearly  matched  in 
years,  and  peerless  in  beauty,  but  to  th.em  fortune 
had  denied  return  to  their  fatherland.  Yet  the  king 
of  great  Olympus  suffered  them  not  to  meet  face  to 
face ;  ere  long  each  has  his  own  fate  awaiting  him 
beneath  a  greater  foe. 

*^^  Meanwhile  his  gi'acious  sister  warns  Turnus  to 
go  to  Lausus'  aid,  and  with  his  swift  car  he  cleaves 
the  ranks  between.  As  he  saw  his  comrades  :  "  'Tis 
time,"  he  cries,  "to  stand  aside  from  battle;  I  aloiie 
encounter  Pallas  ;  to  me  alone  is  Pallas  due  ;  I  would 
that  his  father  himself  were  here  to  see  !  "  He  said, 
and  at  his  bidding  his  comrades  withdrew  from  the 
field.  But  when  the  Rutulians  retired,  then  the 
j'outh,  marvelling  at  the  haughty  behest,  stands  in 
amaze  at  Turnus,  rolls  his  eyes  over  that  giant  frame, 
and  with  fierce  glance  scans  all  from  afar,  then  with 
these  words  meets  the  monarch's  words  :  "  Soon  shall 
I  win  praise  either  for  kingly  spoils  or  for  a  glorious 
death ;  ray  sire  is  equal  to  either  lot :  away  with 
threats  !  "  So  saying,  he  advances  into  the  midfield  : 
cold  gathers  the  blood  at  the  hearts  of  the  Arcadians. 
Down  from  his  car  leapt  Turnus ;  on  foot  he  makes 
ready  to  close  with  the  other.  And  as  when  from 
some  lofty  outlook  a  lion  has  seen  a  bull  stand  afar  on 
the  plain,  meditating  battle,  on  he  rushes ;  even  such 
seemed  the  coming  of  Turnus.  But  Pallas,  when  he 
deemed  his  foe  within  range  of  a  spear-cast,  advanced 
'  The  metapliur  comes  from  a  knot,  difficult  to  untie. 

201 


VIRGIL 

ire  prior  Pallas,  si  qua  fors  adiuvet  ausum 
viribus  imparibus,  magnumque  ita  ad  aethera  fatur : 
"per  patris  hospitium  et  mensas,  quas  advena 

adisti,  460 

te  precor,  Alcide,  coeptis  ingentibus  adsis.  mr 

cernat  semineci  sibi  me  rapere  arma  cruenta 
victoremque  ferant  morientia  lumina  Turn!." 
audiit  Alcides  iuvenem  magnumque  sub  imo 
corde  premit  gemitum  lacrimasque  efFundit  inanis.  465 
turn  genitor  natum  dictis  adfatur  amicis  : 
"  Stat  sua  cuique  dies,  breve  et  inreparabile  tempus 
omnibus  est  vitae ;  sed  famam  extendere  factis, 
hoc  virtutis  opus.     Troiae  sub  moenibus  altis 
tot  gnati  cecidere  deum,  quin  occidit  una  470 

Sarpedon,  mea  progenies,     etiam  sua  Turnum 
fata  vocant  metasque  dati  pervenit  ad  aevi." 
sic  ait  atque  oculos  Rutulorum  reicit  arvis. 

At  Pallas  magnis  emittit  viribus  hastam 
vaginaque  cava  fulgentem  deripit  ensem.  475 

ilia  volans,  umeri  surgunt  qua  tegmina  summa, 
incidit  atque  viam  clipei  molita  per  oras 
tandem  etiam  magno  strinxit  de  corpore  Tumi. 

Hie  Turnus  ferro  praefixum  robur  acuto 
in  Pallanta  diu  librans  iacit  atque  ita  fatur :  480 

"  aspice,  num  mage  sit  nostrum  penetrabile  telum." 
dixerat ;  at  clipeum,  tot  ferri  terga,  tot  aeris, 
quem  pellis  totiens  obeat  circumdata  tauri, 
vibranti  cuspis  medium  transverberat  ictu 
loricaeque  moras  et  pectus  perforat  ingens.  485 

*'*  diripit  My*.  *''^  sunima]  prima  R. 

"'  est  molita  Af.  *"  magi  R. 

'83  quem]  cum  M^R,  Sen-ius.  *^*  medium  cuspis  ^^7. 
202 


AENEID    BOOK    X 

the  first,  if  haply  chance  would  aid  the  venture  of  his 
ill-matched  strength,  and  thus  to  great  heaven  he 
cries :  "  By  my  father's  welcome,  and  the  board 
whereto  thou  earnest  a  stranger,  I  beseech  thee, 
Alcides,  aid  my  high  emprise  !  May  Turnus  see  me 
strip  the  bloody  arms  from  his  dying  limbs,  and  may 
his  glazing  eyes  endure  a  conqueror!"  Alcides 
heard  the  youth,  and  deep  in  his  heart  stifled  a  heavy 
groan,  and  shed  idle  tears.  Then  with  kindh'  words 
the  Father  bespeaks  his  son :  ^  "Each  has  his  day 
appointed  ;  short  and  irretrievable  is  the  span  of  life 
to  all :  but  to  lengthen  fame  by  deeds — that  is 
valour's  task.  Under  Troy's  high  walls  fell  those 
many  sons  of  gods ;  yea,  with  them  fell  mine  own 
child  Sarpedon.2  For  Turnus  too  his  own  fate  calls, 
and  he  has  reached  the  goal  of  his  allotted  years." 
So  he  speaks,  and  turns  his  eyes  away  from  the 
Rutulian  fields. 

*'*  But  Pallas  hurls  his  s})ear  with  all  his  strength 
and  plucks  his  flashing  sword  from  its  hollow  scab- 
bard. On  flies  the  shaft  and  strikes  where  the  top  of 
the  mail  rises  to  guard  the  shoulder ;  then,  forcing  a 
way  through  the  shield's  rim,  at  last  even  grazed 
the  mighty  frame  of  Turnus. 

^"^^  At  this,  Turnus,  long  poising  his  oaken  shaft, 
tipped  with  sharp  steel,  hurls  it  against  Pallas,  speak- 
ing thus  :  "See  whether  our  weapon  be  not  the  more 
piercing!"  He  ended;  but  with  quivering  stroke 
the  point  tears  through  the  centre  of  the  shield, 
with  all  its  plates  of  iron,  all  its  plates  of  brass,  all 
the  bull-hide's  overlaying  folds ;  then  pierces  the 
corslet's  barrier  and  the  mighty  breast.      In  vain  he 


*  Hercules  was  son  of  Jupiter  by  Alcmene. 
'  c/.  Homer,  Iliad,  xvi.  477  «9. 

20s 


VIRGIL 

ille  rapit  calidum  frustra  de  volnere  telum  : 
una  eademque  via  sanguis  animusque  sequuntur. 
corruit  in  volnus  (sonitum  super  arma  dedere) 
et  terram  hostilem  moriens  petit  ore  cruento. 
quem  Turnus  super  adsistens  :  ^QO 

"  Arcades,  haec,"  inquit,  '•  memores  mea  dicta  referte 
Euandro  :  qualem  meruit,  Pallanta  remitto. 
quisquis  honos  tumuli,  quidquid  solamen  humandi 

est, 
largior :  haud  illi  stabunt  Aeneia  parvo 
hospitia."     et  laevo  pressit  pede  talia  fatus  495 

exanimem,  rapiens  immaiiia  pondera  baltei 
impressumque  nefas  :  una  sub  nocte  iugali 
caesa  manus  iuvenum  foede  thalamique  cruenti, 
quae  Clonus  Eurytides  multo  caelaverat  auro  ; 
quo  nunc  Turnus  ovat  spolio  gaudetque  potitus,    500 
nescia  mens  hominum  fati  sovtisque  futurae 
et  servare  modum,  rebus  sublata  secundis ! 
Turno  tempus  erit,  magno  cum  optaverit  eniptum 
intactum  Pallanta,  et  cum  spolia  ista  diemque 
oderit.     at  socii  naulto  gemitu  lacrimisque  505 

impositum  scuto  referunt  Pallanta  frequentes. 
o  dolor  atque  decus  magnum  rediture  parenti ! 
haec  te  prima  dies  bello  dedit,  haec  eadem  aufcrt, 
cum  tamen  ingentis  Rutulorum  linquis  acervos  !    mpr 
Nee  iam  fama  mali  tanti,  sed  certior  auctor        510 
advolat  Aeneae,  tenui  discrimine  leti 
esse  suos,  tempus  versis  succurrere  Teucris. 
proxima  quaeque  metit  gladio  latumque  per  agmen 

*^'  pectore  E :  corpore  7^ 

**"  sic  ore  profatur  added  by  R, 

'1*  versis  tempus  P. 

*  i.e.  dead.     Evander  has  earned  or  merited  this  afHiction, 
bv  reason  of  his  treason  to  lialy. 
204 


AENEID    BOOK    X 

plucks  the  warm  dart  from  the  wound  ;  by  one  and 
the  same  road  follow  blood  and  life.  Prone  he  falls 
upon  the  wound,  his  armour  clashes  over  him,  and, 
dying,  he  smites  the  hostile  earth  with  blood-stained 
mouth.  Then  standing  over  him,  Turnus  cries : 
"Arcadians,  give  heed,  and  bear  these  my  words 
back  to  Evander :  even  as  he  has  merited,^  I  send 
him  back  Pallas !  Whatever  honour  a  tomb  gives, 
whatever  solace  a  burial,  I  freely  grant;  yet  his  wel- 
come of  Aeneas  shall  cost  him  dear."  So  saying, 
with  his  left  foot  he  trod  upon  the  dead,  tearing 
away  the  belt's  huge  weight  and  the  story  of  the 
crime  thereon  engraved  ^ — the  youthful  band  foully 
slain  on  one  nuptial  night,  and  the  chambers 
drenched  with  blood — which  Clonus,  son  of  Eurytus, 
had  richly  chased  in  gold.  Now  Turnus  exults  in 
the  spoil,  and  glories  in  the  winning.  O  mind  of 
man,  knowing  not  fate  or  coming  doom  or  how  to 
keep  bounds  when  uplifted  with  favouring  fortune  ! 
To  Turnus  shall  come  the  hour  when  for  a  great 
price  will  he  long  to  have  bought  an  unscathed 
Pallas,  and  when  he  will  abhor  those  spoils  and  that 
day.  But  with  many  moans  and  tears  his  friends 
throng  round  Pallas  and  bear  him  back  laid  upon  his 
shield.  O  the  great  grief  and  yet  great  glory  to  thy 
father  of  that  home-coming  of  thine  !  This  day  first 
gave  thee  to  war,  this  also  takes  thee  hence ;  yet 
vast  are  the  piles  thou  leavest  of  Rutulian  dead  ! 

^i**  And  now  not  mere  rumour  of  the  bitter  blow, 
but  a  surer  messenger,  flies  to  Aeneas — that  his  men 
are  but  a  hair's-breadth  removed  from  death,  that 
'tis  time  to  succour  the  routed  Teucrians.  With  the 
sword    he   mows  down   all    the  nearest  ranks,  and 

*  The  story  of  the  murder  of  the  sons  of  Aegyptus  by  the 
daughters  of  Dauaus. 

205 


VIRGIL 

ardens  limitem  agit  ferro,  te,  Turne,  superbum 
caede  nova  quaerens.      Pallas,  Euander,  in  ij)sis     515 
omnia  sunt  oculis,  mensae,  quas  advena  primas 
tunc  adiit,  dextraeque  datae.     Sulmone  creates 
quattuor  hie  iuvenes,  totidem  quos  educat  Ufens, 
viventis  rapit,  inferias  quos  immolet  umbris 
captivoque  rogi  perfundat  sanguine  flammas.  520 

inde  Mago  procul  infensam  contenderat  hastam. 
ille  astu  subit — at  tremibimda  supervolat  hasta — - 
et  genua  amplectens  eifatur  talia  supplex : 
"per  patrios  Manis  et  spes  surgentis  luli 
te  precor,  hanc  animam  serves  gnatoque  patrique.  525 
est  donius  alta,  iacent  penitus  defossa  talenta 
caelati  argenti,  sunt  auri  pondera  facti 
infectique  mihi.     non  hie  victoria  Teucrum 
vertitur  aut  anima  una  dabit  discrimina  tanta." 
dixerat.     Aeneas  contra  cui  talia  reddit :  530 

"  argenti  atque  auri  memoras  quae  niulta  talenta, 
gnatis  parce  tuis.      belli  conimercia  Turnus 
sustulit  ista  prior  iani  turn  Pallante  perempto. 
hoc  patris  Anchisae  Manes,  hoc  sentit  lulus." 
sic  fatus  galeam  laeva  tenet  atque  reflexa  535 

cervice  orantis  capulo  tenus  ajiplicat  ensem. 
nee  procul  Haemonides,  Phoebi  Triviaeque  sacerdos, 
infula  cui  sacra  redimibat  tenipora  vitta, 
totus  conlucens  veste  atque  insignibus  armis : 
queni  congressus  agit  canipo,  lapsumque  superstans 
immolat  ingentique  umbra  tegit ;  arma  Serestus   541 
lecta  refert  umeris,  tibi,  rex  Gradive,  tropaeum.  ^ 

Instaurant  acies  Volcani  stirpe  creatus 
Caeculus  et  veniens  Marsoruni  montibus  Unibro. 

«"  infestam  PF.y^. 

"2  at  PRM^y^-  in  J/»;  en  M^:  ac  W^y^h. 
"3  et]  in  J/i;  en  M"^:  et  iP.        "*  surgentis]  heredis  P^y'^. 
"3  ilia  M.  "8  oranti  P^. 

'*'  armis]  albis  Probua,  perhaps  P\         '^*  iustaurat  AP^. 
206 


AENEID   BOOK   X 

fiercely  drives  with  the  steel  a  broad  path  through 
the  host,  seeking  thee,  Turnus,  still  Hushed  with 
new-wrought  slaughter.  Pallas,  Evander,  all  stands 
before  his  eyes — the  board  whereto  he  then  came 
first,  a  stranger,  and  the  right  hands  pledged. 
Then,  four  youths,  sons  of  Sulmo,  and  as  many 
reared  by  Ufens,  he  takes  alive,  to  offer  as  victims  to 
the  dead  and  to  sprinkle  the  funeral  flame  with  cap- 
tive blood.  Next  at  Magus  from  afar  he  had  aimed 
the  hostile  lance.  Deftly  he  cowers — the  lance  flies 
quivering  o'er  him — and,  clasping  the  hero's  knees, 
he  speaks  thus  in  suppliance  :  "  By  the  spirit  of  thy 
father,  by  thy  hope  in  growing  liilus,  I  entreat  thee, 
save  this  life  for  a  son  and  for  a  sire.  A  stately 
house  have  I ;  buried  deep  within  lie  talents  of 
chased  silver,  and  mine  are  masses  of  gold,  wrought 
and  unwrought.  Not  on  me  turns  the  victory  of 
Troy,  nor  will  one  life  make  difference  so  great." 
He  spoke,  and  Aeneas  thus  replied:  "Those  many 
talents  of  silver  and  gold  thou  tellest  of,  spare  for 
thy  sons.  Such  trafficking  in  war  Turnus  first  put 
away,  even  in  the  hour  when  Pallas  was  slain.  Thus 
judges  my  father  Anchises'  spirit,  thus  liilus."  So 
speaking,  he  grasps  the  helmet  with  his  left  hand, 
and  bending  back  the  sup])liant's  neck,  drives  the 
sword  up  to  the  hilt.  Hard  by  was  Haemon's  son, 
priest  of  Phoebus  and  Trivia,  his  temples  wreathed 
in  the  fillet's  sacred  band,  all  glittering  in  his  robe 
and  in  resplendent  arms.  Him  he  meets  and  drives 
over  the  plain  ;  then,  bestriding  the  fallen,  slaughters 
him  and  wraps  him  in  mighty  darkness ;  his  armour 
Serestus  gathers  and  carries  away  on  his  shoulders,  a 
trophy.  King  Gradivus,  unto  thee  ! 

^^^  Caeculus,  born  of  Vulcan's  race,  and   Umbro, 
who  comes  from  the  Marsian  hills,  repair  the  ranks. 

207 


VIRGIL 

Dardanides  contra  furit.     Aiixuris  ense  sinistram  545 
et  totum  clipei  ferro  deiecerat  orbem 
(dixerat  ille  aliquid  magnum  viraque  adfore  verbo 
credidei'at,  caeloque  animum  fortasse  ferebat 
canitiemque  sibi  et  longos  promiserat  annos)  :      mprv 
Tarquitus  exsultans  contra  fulgentibus  armis,         550 
silvicolae  Fauno  Dryope  quem  nympha  crearat, 
obvius  ardenti  sese  obtulit.     ille  reducta 
loricam  clipeique  ingens  onus  impedit  hasta ; 
turn  caput  orantis  nequiquam  et  multa  parantis 
dicere  deturbat  terrae  truncumque  tepentem         555 
provolvens  super  haec  inimico  pectore  fatur : 
"  istic  nunc,  metuende,  iace.   non  te  optima  mater 
condet  humi  patrioque  onerabit  membra  sepulchro : 
alitibus  linquere  feris  aut  gurgite  mersum 
unda  feret  piscesque  impasti  vohiera  lambent."      560 
protinus  Antaeum  et  Lucam,  prima  agmina  Turni, 
persequitur  fortemque  Numam  fulvumque  Camertem, 
magnanimo  Volcente  satum,  ditissimus  agri 
qui  fuit  Ausonidum  et  tacitis  regnavit  Amyclis. 
Aegaeon  qualiSj  centum  cui  bracchia  dicunt  565 

centenasque  nianus,  quinquaginta  oribus  ignem 
pectoribusque  arsisse,  lovis  cum  fulmina  contra 
tot  paribus  streperet  clipeis,  tot  stringeret  ensis  : 
sic  toto  Aeneas  desaevit  in  aequore  victor, 
ut  semel  intepuit  mucro.     quin  ecce  Niphaei         570 
quadriiugis  in  equos  adversaque  pectora  tendit. 
atque  illi  longe  gradientem  et  dira  frementem 
ut  videre,  metu  versi  retroque  ruentes 
efFunduntque  ducem  rapiuntque  ad  litora  currus. 

^'*  humo  M*.     patriove  PHy. 
6'»  tit]  ac  2IK  "*  currum  B. 

208 


AENEID    BOOK   X 

Against  them  storms  the  Dardan.  His  sword  had 
lopped  off  Anxur's  left  arm  with  all  the  circle  of  the 
shield — he  had  uttered  some  brave  vaunt  and 
thought  his  hand  would  match  his  word,  and  per- 
chance lifted  his  soul  heaven-high  and  promised 
himself  hoary  eld  and  length  of  years — when,  in  the 
pride  of  gleaming  arms,  Tarquitus,  whom  the  Nymph 
Dryope  had  borne  to  silvan  Faunus,  crossed  his  fiery 
course.  Drawing  back  his  spear,  he  pins  the  corslet 
and  the  shield's  huge  burden  together ;  then,  as  the 
youth  vainly  pleaded  and  is  fain  to  say  many  a  word, 
he  dashes  his  head  to  the  ground,  and  as  he  spui'ns  the 
trunk,  yet  warm,  above  him  speaks  thus  from  pitiless 
heart :  "  Lie  now  there,  thou  terrible  one  !  No  loving 
mother  shall  lay  thee  in  earth,  nor  load  thy  limbs 
with  ancestral  tomb.  To  birds  of  prey  shalt  thou  be 
left ;  or,  sunk  beneath  the  flood,  the  wave  shall  bear 
thee  on,  and  hungry  fish  shall  suck  thy  wounds." 
Next  he  o'ertakes  Antaeus  and  Lucas,  foremost  of 
Turnus'  ranks,  and  brave  Numa,  and  tawny  Camers, 
son  of  noble  Volcens,  Avho  was  wealthiest  in  the  land 
of  the  Ausonians,  and  reigned  over  silent  Amyclae. 
Even  as  Aegaeon,  who,  men  say,  had  a  hundred  arms 
and  a  hundred  hands,  and  flashed  fire  from  fifty  mouths 
and  breasts,  what  time  against  Jove's  thunders  he 
clanged  with  as  many  like  shields,  and  bared  as  many 
swords ;  ^  so  Aeneas  o'er  the  whole  plain  gluts  his 
victorious  rage,  when  once  his  sword  grew  warm. 
Nay,  see  !  he  turns  upon  Niphaeus'  four-horse  car 
jijid  his  opposing  front ;  and  lo !  when  they  mark  his 
long  strides  and  deadly  rage,  in  terror  they  turn, 
and,  rushing  backward,  fling  forth  their  master  and 
whirl  the  chariot  to  the  shore. 

i.e.  fifty  shields,  all  alike,  and  fifty  swords. 

209 

VOL.  !».  P 


VIRGIL 

Interea  biiugis  infert  se  Lucagus  albis  mrp 

in  medios  fraterque  Liger ;  sed  frater  habenis        576 
flectit  equos,  strictum  rotat  acer  Lucagus  ensem. 
baud  tuUt  Aeneas  tanto  fervore  furentis : 
inruit  adversaque  ingens  apparuit  hasta. 
cui  Liger :  580 

"  non  Diomedis  equos  nee  currum  cernis  Acbilli 
aut  Phrygiae  campos :  nunc  belli  finis  et  aevi 
his  dabitur  terris."     vesano  talia  late 
dicta  volant  Ligeri.     sed  non  et  Troius  heros 
dicta  parat  contra,  iaculum  nam  torquet  in  hostem.  585 
Lucagus  ut  pronus  pendens  in  verbera  telo 
admonuit  biiugos,  proiecto  duni  pede  laevo 
aptat  se  piignae,  subit  oras  hasta  per  inias 
f'ulgentis  clipei,  turn  laevum  perf'orat  inouen; 
excussus  curru  moribundus  volvitur  arvis.  590 

quern  pius  Aeneas  dictis  adfatur  amaris  : 
"  Lucage,  nulla  tuos  currus  fuga  segnis  equorum 
prodidit  aut  vanae  vertere  ex  hostibus  umbrae  ; 
ipse  rotis  saliens  iuga  deseris."     haec  ita  fatus 
arripuit  biiugos  ;  frater  tendebat  inertis  595 

infelix  palmas,  curru  delapsus  eodem  : 
"  per  te,  per  qui  te  talem  genuere  parentes, 
vir  Troiane,  sine  banc  animam  et  miserere  precantis." 
pluribus  oranti  Aeneas  :  "■  baud  talia  dudum 
dicta  dabas.    morere  et  fratrem  ne  desere  frater."  600 
tum  latebras  animae  pectus  mucrone  recludit. 
talia  per  campos  edebat  funera  ductor 
Dardanius,  torrentis  aquae  vel  turbinis  atri 
more  furens.  tandem  erumpunt  et  castra  relinquunt 
Ascanius  puer  et  nequiquam  obsessa  iuventus.       605 

»"  bigis  P7I.  "»  hostis  F^R :  hostea  P^y. 

»"  traiecto  M.  "*  aptet  P7». 

»'■'*  deserit  P*  •*''  inennis  P'7». 

210 


AENEID   BOOK   X 

*^'  Meanwhile,  with  their  two  white  steeds,  there 
dash  into  the  midst  Lucagus  and  Liger  iiis  brother ; 
but  the  brother  guides  the  steeds  with  the  reins, 
while  Lucagus  fiercely  wliirls  his  drawn  sword.  Their 
furious  onset  Aeneas  could  not  brook,  but  rushed 
upon  them,  and  towered  gigantic  with  opposing 
spear.  To  him  Liger :  "  Not  Diomede's  horses  dost 
thou  see,  nor  Achilles'  car,  nor  Phrygia's  plains ; 
this  hour  shall  upon  this  soil  end  thy  warfare  and 
thy  life."  Such  words  fly  abroad  from  mad  Liger's 
lips.  But  not  in  words  the  Trojan  hero  shapes  reply, 
for  he  hurls  his  javelin  against  the  foe.  Then,  as 
Lucagus,  bending  forward  to  the  stroke,  urged  on 
his  steeds  with  the  sword,  even  Avhen,  with  left  foot 
advanced,  he  gets  ready  for  the  fray,  there  comes 
the  spear  through  the  lowest  rim  of  his  gleaming 
shield,  then  pierces  the  left  groin  ;  tumbling  from 
the  car,  he  rolls  in  death  upon  the  plain,  while  good 
Aeneas  bes])eaks  him  with  bitter  words  :  "  Lucagus, 
no  coward  flight  of  thy  steeds  has  betrayed  thy  car ; 
no  vain  shadow  of  a  foe  has  turned  them  back  ;  thy- 
self, leaping  from  the  wheels,  forsakest  thy  beasts." 
So  saying,  he  seized  the  steeds;  down-gliding  from  the 
self-same  car,  the  brother  piteously  outstretched  his 
helpless  hands :  "  By  thyself,  by  the  parents  who 
gave  life  to  such  a  son,  O  hero  of  Troy,  spare  this  life, 
and  have  pity  on  my  prayer ! "  Longer  had  been 
his  plea,  but  Aeneas  :  "  Not  such  erewhile  were  thy 
words.  Die,  and  let  not  brother  forsake  brother ! " 
— then  with  the  sword  he  cleft  open  the  bosom, 
wherein  is  life's  lurking-place.  Such  were  the  deaths 
the  Dardan  cliieftain  wrought  o'er  the  plains,  raging 
like  torrent-brook  or  black  tempest.  At  last  the  boy 
Ascanius  and  the  vainly  beleaguered  warriors  burst 
forth  and  leave  the  camp. 

f>  a 


VIRGIL 

lunonem  interea  compellat  iuppiter  ultro : 
"  o  germaua  mihi  atque  eadem  gratissima  coniunx, 
ut  rebare,  Venus  (nee  te  sententia  fallit) 
Troianas  sustentat  opes,  non  vivida  bello 
dextra  viris  animusque  ferox  patiensque  pericli."   6lO 
cui  luno  submissa  •  "quid,  o  pulcherrime  coniunx, 
sollicitas  aegram  et  tua  tristia  iussa  timentem  ? 
si  mihi,  quae  quondam  fuerat  quamque  esse  decebat, 
vis  in  amore  foret,  non  hoc  mihi  namque  negares, 
omnipotens,  quin  et  pugnae  subducere  Turnum    6l5 
et  Dauno  possem  incolumem  servare  parenti. 
nunc  pereat  Teucrisque  pio  det  sanguine  poenas. 
ille  tamen  nostra  deducit  origine  nomen, 
Pilumnusque  illi  quartus  pater,  et  tua  iarga 
saepe  manu  multisque  oneravit  limina  donis."        620 

Cui  rex  aetherii  breviter  sic  fatur  Olympi : 
"  si  mora  praesentis  leti  tempusque  caduco 
oratur  iuveni  meque  hoc  ita  ponere  sentis, 
telle  fuga  Turnum  atque  instantibus  eripe  fatis. 
hactenus  indulsisse  vacat.     sin  altior  istis  625 

sub  precibus  venia  uUa  latet  totumque  moveri 
mutarive  putas  bellum,  spes  pascis  inanis." 

Et  luno  adlacrimans:  "quid,  si,  quae  voce  gravaris, 
mente  dares  atque  haec  Turno  rata  vita  maneret  ? 
nunc  manet  insontem  gravis  exitus,  aut  ego  veri  630 
vana  feror.     quod  ut  o  potius  formidine  falsa 
ludar  et  in  melius  tua,  qui  potes,  orsa  reflectas!" 

Haec  ubi  dicta  dedit,  caelo  se  protinus  alto 
misit  agens  hiemem  nimbo  succincta  per  auras, 

*i*  iussa]  dicta  PRy.       °"  pio]  suo  known  to  Scrvuis. 
«"  deducet  PyK  "'  fatua  .V'Ji.  "^  duta  B. 

21S 


AENEID    BOOK    X 

^"*  Meanwliile  Jupiter  opens  speech  with  Juno : 
"O  sister  and  dearest  wife  in  one,  'tis  Venus,  as  thou 
didst  deem — nor  errs  thy  judgment — that  upholds 
tlie  Trojan  power,  not  their  own  right  hands,  quick 
for  war,  and  their  fierce  souls,  patient  of  peril."  To 
him  Juno  meekly :  "  Why,  my  fairest  lord,  vexest 
thou  a  sick  heart,  that  fears  thy  stern  commands  ? 
Had  my  love  the  force  that  once  it  had,  and  still 
should  have,  this  boon  surely  thou  wouldst  not  deny 
me,  even  the  power  to  withdraw  Turnus  from  the 
fray,  and  preserve  him  in  safety  for  his  father 
Daunus.  But  now  let  him  perish  and  with  innocent 
blood  make  atonement  to  the  Trojans !  Yet  from 
our  lineage  he  derives  his  name,  for  I'ihimnus  was  his 
sire  four  generations  gone  ;  and  oft  has  he  heaped 
thy  threshold  with  many  a  gift  from  a  lavish  hand." 

^■^^  To  her  the  king  of  heavenly  Olympus  thus 
briefly  spake :  "  If  thy  prayer  be  for  a  respite  from 
present  death,  and  a  reprieve  for  the  doomed  youth 
— if  thou  understandest  that  such  is  my  will,  take 
Turnus  away  in  flight,  and  snatch  him  from  impend- 
ing fate.  Thus  far  is  there  room  for  indulgence.  But 
if  thought  of  deeper  favour  lurks  beneath  thy  prayers, 
and  thou  deemest  that  the  war's  whole  course  may 
be  moved  or  altered,  thou  nursest  an  idle  hope." 

^28  And  Juno  weeping  ;  "  What  if  thy  heart  should 
grant  what  thy  tongue  begrudges,  and  this  life  I 
crave  should  remain  assured  to  Turnus  ?  Now  a  heavy 
doom  awaits  him  for  no  guilt,  or  I  wander  blind  to 
truth.  Yet,  O  that  rather  I  were  mocked  by  lying 
fears,  and  that  thou,  who  canst,  wouldst  bend  thy 
purposes  to  a  better  end  !  " 

^^2  These  words  said,  straightway  she  through  the 
air  darted  from  high  heaven,  driving  her  storm- 
chariot    cloud-engirdled ;    and    sought  the    army  of 

213 


VIRGIL 

Iliacamque  aciem  et  Laurentia  castra  petivit.         635 

turn  dea  nube  cava  tenuem  sine  viribus  umbram 

in  faciem  Aeneae  (visu  mirabile  monstrum) 

Dardaniis  ornat  telis,  clipeumque  iubasque 

divini  adsimulat  capitis,  dat  inania  verba, 

dat  sine  mente  sonum  gressusque  effingit  euntis;  640 

morte  obita  qualis  fania  est  volitare  figuras 

aut  quae  sopitos  deludunt  somnia  sensus. 

at  primas  laeta  ante  acies  exsultat  imago 

inritatque  virum  telis  et  voce  lacessit. 

instat  cut  Turnus  stridentemque  eminus  hastam    645 

conicit ;  ilia  dato  vertit  vestigia  tergo. 

turn  vero  Aenean  aversum  ut  cedere  Turnus 

credidit  atque  animo  spem  turbidus  hausit  inanem : 

''quo  fugis,  Aenea?   thalamos  ne  desere  pactos ; 

hac  dabitur  dextra  tellus  quaesita  per  undas."        650 

talia  vociferans  sequitur  strictumque  coruscat 

mucronem,  nee  ferre  videt  sua  gaudia  ventos. 

Forte  ratis  celsi  coniuncta  crepidine  saxi 
expositis  stabat  scabs  et  ponte  parato, 
qua  rex  Clusinis  advectus  Osinius  oris.  655 

hue  sese  trepida  Aeneae  fugientis  imago 
conicit  in  latebras,  nee  Tui-nus  segnior  instat 
exsuperatque  moras  et  ponti?  transilit  altos, 
vix  prorani  attigerat :  rumpit  Saturnia  funem 
avolsamque  rapit  revoluta  per  aequora  navem.        660 
ilium  autem  Aeneas  absentem  in  proelia  poscit; 
obvia  multa  virum  demittit  corpora  morti, 
tum  levis  baud  ultra  latebras  iam  quaerit  imago, 

640  gressum  M.  **•  Aeneae  trepida  M. 

«9  rnpit  Ey*. 

860-665  Jiil)f)eck,  following  two  Paris  MSS.,  accepts  the  fol- 
lowing order:  660,  663,  664,  661,  662,  6G5. 

••1  illc   PRy.     Aenean  P^R  (ille  autem  Aenean  known  to 
Serviiis). 
214 


AENEID    BOOK    X 

Ilium  and  the  camp  of  Laurentum.  Then  the  god- 
dess out  of  hollow  mist  fashions  a  thin,  strengthless 
phantom  in  the  likeness  of  Aeneas,  a  monstrous 
marvel  to  behold,  decks  it  with  Dardan  weapons, 
and  counterfeits  the  shield  and  plumes  on  his 
godlike  head,  gives  it  unreal  words,  gives  a  voice 
without  thought,  and  mimicks  his  gait  as  he  moves ; 
— even  like  shapes  that  flit,  'tis  said,  when  death 
is  past,  or  like  dreams  that  mock  the  slumbering 
senses.  But  exultant,  the  phantom  stalks  before 
the  foremost  ranks,  v.ith  weapons  provokes  the  foe, 
and  with  cries  defies  him.  On  it  rushes  Turnus, 
and  from  afar  hurls  a  hissing  spear ;  the  phantom 
wheels  round  in  flight.  Then  indeed,  when  Tur- 
nus deemed  that  Aeneas  had  turned  and  yielded, 
and  with  bewildered  soul  drank  in  the  empty 
hope:  "Whither,"  he  cries,  "dost  flee,  Aeneas? 
Forsake  not  thy  plighted  bridal  chamber ;  this 
hand  shall  give  thee  the  land  thou  hast  sought 
overseas."  With  such  clamour  he  follows,  and 
brandishes  his  naked  blade,  nor  sees  that  the  winds 
bear  away  his  triumph  ! 

^53  It  chanced  that,  moored  to  the  ledge  of  a  lofty 
rock,  with  ladders  let  down  and  gangway  ready, 
stood  the  ship,  wherein  king  Osinius  sailed  from 
the  coasts  of  Clusium.  Hither  the  hurrying  phantom 
of  flying  Aeneas  flings  himself  to  shelter ;  nor  with 
less  speed  Turnus  follows,  surmounts  all  hindrances, 
and  springs  across  the  lofty  bridge.  Scarce  had  he 
touched  the  prow  when  Saturn's  daughter  snaps  the 
cable  and  sweeps  the  sundered  ship  over  the  ebbing 
waters.  But  meantime  Aeneas  is  challenging  his 
vanished  foe  to  battle,  and  sends  down  to  death 
many  bodies  of  warriors  who  cross  his  path.  Then 
the  airy  phantom  seeks  shelter  no  longer,  but  soaring 

215 


VIRGIL 

sed  sublime  volans  nubi  se  immiscuit  atrae. 
cum  Turnum  medio  interea  fert  aequore  turbo.     66S 
resjMcit  ignarus  rerum  ingratusque  salutis 
et  duplicis  cum  voce  manus  ad  sidera  tendit: 
"omnipotens  genitor,  tanton  me  crimine  dignum 
duxisti  et  talis  voluisti  expendere  poenas  ? 
quo  feror  ?  unde  abii  ?  quae  me  fuga  quemve  reducit  ? 
Laurentisne  iterum  muros  aut  casti'a  videbo  ?         671 
quid  manus  ilia  virum,  qui  me  meaque  arma  secuti? 
quosne  (nefas)  omnis  infanda  in  morte  reliqui 
et  nunc  palantis  video  gemitunique  cadentum 
accipio?  quid  ago?  aut  quae  iam  satis  ima  dehiscat  675 
terra  mihi  ?  vos  o  potius  miserescite,  venti ; 
in  rupes,  in  saxa  (vol  ens  vos  Turnus  adoro) 
ferte  ratem  saevisque  vadis  immittite  syrtis, 
quo  neque  me  Rutuli  nee  conscia  fama  sequatur." 
haec  memorans  animo  nunc  hue,  nunc  fluctuat  illuc, 
an  sese  mucrone  ob  tantum  dedecus  amens  681 

induat  et  crudum  per  costas  exigat  ensem, 
fluctibus  an  iaciat  niediis  et  litora  nando 
curva  petat  Teucrumque  iterum  se  reddat  in  arma. 
ter  conatus  utramque  viam,  ter  maxima  Juno         685 
continuit  iuvenemque  animi  miserata  repressit. 
labitur  alta  secans  fluctuque  aestuque  secundo 
et  patris  antiquam  Dauni  defertur  ad  urbem. 
At  lovis  interea  monitis  Mezentius  ardens 
succedit  pugnae  Teucrosque  invadit  ovantis.  690 

concurrunt  Tyrrhenae  acies  atque  omnibus  uni, 

*^*  tanto  Py.         *'"  abeo  P^.    quemve]  quo  3f,  in  margin. 

*"  quosque  M^E  ■  quosve  3I*Py :  quosne  b,  Asper  {cited  by 
Seri'ius. 

«'*  pallentia  iP.         •'*  aut]  et  M^.        "i  mucroni  P^R. 
216 


AENEID    BOOK   X 

aloft  blends  with  a  dark  cloud,  while  meantime  the 
gale  is  whirling  Turnus  o'er  mid  ocean.  Unknowing 
of  the  truth  and  unthankful  for  escape,  he  looks 
back  and  raises  his  voice  and  clasped  hands  to 
heaven  :  "  Almighty  Father !  hast  thou  deemed  me 
worthy  of  reproach  so  great,  and  is  it  thy  will 
that  I  pay  such  penalty?  Whither  am  I  bound? 
Whence  am  I  come  ?  What  flight  bears  me  home, 
or  in  what  guise  ?  Shall  I  look  again  on  the  camp 
or  walls  of  Laurentum  ?  \^'hat  of  that  warrior  band 
who  followed  me  and  my  standard  ?  Whom,  one 
and  all — Oh  !  the  shame  '. — 1  have  left  in  the  jaws 
of  a  cruel  death,  and  now  I  see  them  scattered  and 
hear  tlieir  groans  as  they  fall.  What  shall  I  do  ? 
What  earth  could  now  gape  deep  enough  for  me  ? 
Nay,  rather,  O  ye  winds,  be  pitiful  !  On  rock,  on 
reef  drive  the  ship — from  my  heart  I,  Turnus,  im- 
plore you — and  cast  it  on  some  sandbank's  ruthless 
shoal,  where  neither  Rutuli  nor  Rumour  that  knows 
my  shame  may  follow !  "  So  saying,  he  wavers 
in  spirit  this  way  and  that,  whether  for  disgrace  so 
foul  he  should  madly  fling  himself  on  his  sword  and 
drive  the  cruel  steel  through  his  ribs,  or  plunge 
amid  the  waves,  and  seek  by  swimming  to  gain  the 
winding  shore,  and  once  more  cast  himself  against 
the  Trojan  arms.  Thrice  he  essayed  either  way  ; 
thrice  mighty  Juno  stayed  his  hand  and  held  him 
back  in  pity  of  heart.  On  he  glides,  cleaving  the 
deep,  with  wave  and  tide  to  speed  him,  and  is 
borne  home  to  his  father  Daunus'  ancient  city.^ 

^^^  But  meanwhile  at  Jove's  behest  fiery  Mezentius 
takes  up  the  battle  and  assails  the  triumphant  Teu- 
crians.    The  Tyrrhene  ranks  rush  together,  and  press 

*  Ardea  in  Latiuna. 

217 


VIRGIL 

uni  odiisque  viro  telisque  frequentibus  instant, 
ille  velut  rupes,  vastum  quae  prodit  in  aequor, 
obvia  ventorum  furiis  expostaque  ponto, 
vim  cunctam  atque  minas  perfert  caelique  marisque, 
ipsa  immota  manens^,  prolem  Dolicliaonis  Hebrum  696 
sternit  humi,  cum  quo  Latagum  P.ilmumque  fugacem, 
sed  Latagum  saxo  atque  ingenti  fragmine  montis 
occupat  OS  faciemque  adversam,  poplite  Palmum 
succiso  volvi  segneni  siiiit,  armaque  Lauso  700 

donat  habere  umeris  et  vertice  figere  cristas, 
nee  non  Euanthen  Plu'ygiiim  Paridisque  Mimanta 
aequalem  comitemque,  una  quem  nocte  Theano 
in  lucem  genitoi'i  Amyco  dedit  et  face  praegnas 
Cisseis  regina  Parin  :   Paris  urbe  paterna  705 

occubat,  ignarum  Laurens  liabet  ora  Mimanta. 
ac  velut  ille  canum  morsu  de  montibus  altis 
actus  aper,  multos  Vesulus  quem  pinifer  annos 
defendit  multosque  palus  Laurentia,  silva 
pastus  harundinea,  postquam  inter  retia  ventum  est, 
substitit  infremuitque  ferox  et  inhoiTuit  armos,     71 1 
nee  cuiquara  irasci  propiusve  accedere  virtus, 
sed  iaculis  tutisque  procul  clamoribus  instant, 
baud  aliter,  iustae  quibus  est  Mezentius  irae, 
non  uUi  est  animus  stricto  concurrere  ferro ;  715 

missilibus  longe  et  vasto  clamore  lacessunt. 
ille  autem  impavidus  partis  cunctatur  in  omnis, 
dentibus  infrendens,  et  tergo  decutit  hastas. 
Venerat  antiquis  Corythi  de  finibus  Acron, 
Grains  homo,  infectos  linquens  profugus  hymenaeos  : 


">6  Paris]   creat   PRy :    crepat   M'^:    Paris   conjectured  by 
Bentley :  regina  creat :  Paris  EUia. 

'06  occupat  3nR.  '">^  -que]  -ve  P. 

'1*  -ve]  -que  Py. 

717-718  placed  after  713  by  Scaliger :  so  Ribbtck,  Hirtzel 

218 


AENRID    BOOK    X 

on  him  alone  with  all  their  hatred,  on  him  alone  with 
all  their  ceaseless  darts.  Even  as  a  cliff  that  juts  into 
the  vast  deep,  exposed  to  the  raving  winds  and  braving 
the  main,  that  endures  all  the  stress,  all  the  menace 
of  sky  and  sea,  itself  fixed  unshaken — so  he  lajs  low 
on  earth  Hebrus,  son  of  Dolichaon,  and  with  him 
Latagus  and  Palmus,  swift  of  foot ;  but  Latagus  he 
smites  of  a  sudden  full  in  the  mouth  and  face  with 
a  huge  fragment  of  mountain-rock,  while  Palmus 
he  hamstrings,  and  leaves  him  slowly  writhing ;  his 
armour  he  gives  Lausus  to  wear  upon  his  shoulders, 
and  his  plumes  to  fix  upon  his  crest.  Evanthes  too, 
the  Phrygian,  and  Mimas,  comrade  of  Paris  and  his 
peer  in  age,  whom  Theano  bore  to  his  sire  Amycus 
the  self-same  night  that  Cisseus'  royal  daughter, 
pregnant  with  a  firebrand,^  gave  birth  to  Paris  :  Paris 
sleeps  in  the  city  of  his  fathers ;  Mimas,  unknown 
rests  on  the  Laurentine  shore.  And  lo  !  even  as  the 
boar,  driven  by  sharp-toothed  hounds  from  mountain- 
heiglits,  whom  pine-crowned  Vesulus  has  sheltered 
for  many  years,  or  for  many  years  the  Laurentine 
marsh,  pasturing  him  on  tliick-growing  reeds,  when 
once  he  is  come  amid  the  toils,  halts,  snorts  savagely, 
and  bristles  up  his  shoulders,  and  none  have  courage 
to  rage  or  come  near  him,  but  all  at  safe  distance 
assail  him  with  darts  and  shouts — even  so,  of  all  that 
had  rigliteous  hatred  of  Mezentius,  none  had  heart 
to  meet  him  with  drawn  sword ;  from  afar  they  pro- 
voke him  with  missiles  and  far-echoing  shouts.  But 
he,  undaunted,  halts,  turning  on  every  side  with 
gnashing  teeth,  and  shakes  the  javelins  from  his 
shield. 

^^9  There  had  come  from  the  ancient  bounds  of 
Corythus  Acron,  a  Greek,  leaving  in  exile  nuptials 
»  See  VII.  319,  320,  with  note. 

219 


VIRGIL 

hunc  ubi  miscentem  longe  media  agmina  vidit,     721 

purpnreum  pinnis  et  pactae  coniugis  ostro, 

impastus  stabula  alta  leo  ceu  saepe  peragrans, 

(suadet  enim  vesana  fames)  si  forte  fugacem 

conspexit  capream  aut  surgentem  in  cornua  cervum, 

gaudetj  hians  immane,  comasque  arrexit  et  haeret   726 

visceribus  super  incumbeus,  lavit  improba  taeter 

ora  cruor : 

sic  ruit  in  densos  alacer  Mezentius  hostis. 

steriiitur  infelix  Acron  et  calcibus  atram  730 

tundit  hvmium  exspirans  infractaque  tela  cruentat. 

atque  idem  fugientem  baud  est  dignatus  Oroden  mprv 

sternere  nee  iacta  caecum  dare  cuspide  volnus ; 

obvius  adversoque  occurrit  seque  viro  vir 

contulit,  baud  furto  melior  sed  fortibus  armis.        735 

turn  super  abiectum  posito  j)ede  nixus  et  hasta : 

"  pars  belli  baud  temnenda,  viri^  iacet  altus  Orodes." 

conclamant  socii  laetum  paeana  secuti. 

ille  autem  exspirans  :  "non  me,  quicumque  es,  inulto, 

victor,  nee  longum  laetabere  ;  te  quoque  fata        740 

prospectant  paria  atque  eadem  mox  arva  tenebis." 

ad  quern  subridens  mixta  Mezentius  ira  : 

"  nunc  morere.     ast  de  me  divum  pater  atque 

hominum  rex 
viderit."     hoc  dicens  eduxit  corpore  telum. 
olli  dura  quies  oculos  et  ferreus  urget  745 

somnus,  in  aeternam  clauduntur  lumina  noctem. 

Caedicus  Alcathoum  obtruncat,  Sacrator  Hydaspen, 
Partlieniumque  Rapo  etpraedurum  viribus  Orsen, 
Messapus  Cloniumque  Lycaoniumque  Ericeten, 
ilium  infrenis  equi  lapsu  tellure  iacentem,  750 

'*'  accumbens  PE. 

'3'  viris  6*c,  Icnoiim  to  Servixis.     altus]  actus  M. 

'^*  atquae  Vy :  atquaec  P^;  atqu  F^:  atque  iPa :  atquem 
M*a*c:  ad  quern  Kb. 
220 


AENRID    BOOK    X 

unfulfilled.  When  Mezentius  saw  him  afar,  dealing 
havoc  amid  the  ranks,  gay  in  crhnson  plumes  and  the 
purple  of  his  plighted  bride,  even  as  often  an  unfed 
lion,  ranging  the  deep  coverts,  for  maddening  hun- 
ger prompts  him,  if  haply  he  has  spied  a  timorous 
roe  or  stately-antlered  stag,  exults  with  mouth  terri- 
bly agape,  uprears  his  mane,  and  clings  crouching 
over  the  flesh,  his  cruel  lips  bathed  in  foul  gore — so 
Mezentius  springs  lightly  upon  the  massed  foemen. 
Down  goes  hapless  Acron,  hammers  the  black  ground 
with  his  heels  as  he  breathes  his  last,  and  dyes  with 
blood  the  broken  spear.  And  the  same  arm  deigned 
not  to  lay  low  Orodes  as  he  fled,  nor  to  deal  with 
cast  of  spear  a  wound  unseen  ;  full  face  to  face  he 
ran  to  meet  him  and  opposed  him  as  man  against 
man,  prevailing  not  by  stealth  but  by  strength  of 
arms.  Then,  planting  his  foot  on  the  fallen  foe  and 
straining  at  his  spear,  "  Ho  men!"  he  cries,  "low 
lies  great  Orodes — no  mean  portion  of  the  war !  " 
His  comrades  join  their  shouts,  taking  up  the  joyous 
cry  of  triumj)h.  But  he,  breatliing  his  last :  "  Not 
unavenged  shall  I  be,  O  victor,  whoe'er  thou  art, 
nor  long  shalt  tliou  exult;  for  thee  too  a  like  doom 
keeps  watch,  and  in  these  same  fields  thou  soon  shalt 
lie."  To  this  Mezentius,  smiling  amid  his  wrath : 
"  Now  die ;  but  let  the  sire  of  gods  and  king  of 
men  see  to  me!"  So  saying,  he  drew  the  weapon 
from  the  hero's  body ;  stern  repose  and  iron  slumber 
press  upon  his  eyes,  and  Lheir  orbs  close  in  ever- 
lasting night. 

^*^  Caedicus  slaughters  Alcathous,  Sacrator  Hy- 
daspes.  Rape  Parthenius,  and  Orses  of  wondrous 
strength ;  Messapus  slays  Clonius  and  Ericetes, 
Lycaon's  son — the  one,  as  he  lay  on  the  ground, 
fallen  from  his  unbridled  steed,  the  other  as  he  came 

22) 


VIRGIL 

hunc  peditem.   pedes  et  Lycius  processerat  Agis; 
quem  tamen  baud  expers  Valerus  virtutis  avitae 
deicit ;  at  Thronium  Salius,  Saliumque  Nealces 
insignis  iaculo  et  longe  fallente  sagitta. 

lam  gravis  aequabat  luctus  et  mutua  Mavors      TSf) 
funera  ;  caedebant  pariter  pariterque  ruebant 
victores  victique^  neque  his  fuga  nota  neque  illis. 
di  lovis  in  tectis  iram  niiserantur  inanem  mhr 

amborum  et  tantos  uiortalibus  esse  labores  : 
hinc  Venus,  hinc  contra  si^,ectat  Saturnia  luno  ;     760 
pallida  Tisiphone  media  inter  milia  saevit. 
at  vero  ingentem  quatiens  Mezentius  hastam 
turbidus  ingreditur  campo.    quam  magnus  Orion, 
cum  pedes  incedit  medii  per  maxima  Nerei 
stagna  viam  scindens,  umero  supereminet  undas,    765 
aut  summis  referens  annosam  montibus  ornum, 
ingrediturque  solo  et  caput  inter  nubila  condit : 
talis  se  vastis  infert  Mezentius  armis. 

Huic  contra  Aeneas,  speculatus  in  agmine  longo, 
obvius  ire  parat.     manet  imperteri'itus  ille,  770 

liostem  magnanimum  opperiens,  et  mole  sua  stat ; 
atque  oculis  spatium  emensus,  quantum  satis  hastae: 
"dextra  mihi  deus  et  telum,  quod  missile  libro, 
nunc  adsint !  voveo  praedonis  corpore  raptis 
indutum  spoliis  ipsum  te,  Lause,  tropaeum  775 

Aeneae."     dixit  stridentemque  eminus  liastam 
iecit ;  at  ilia  volans  clipeo  est  excussa  proculque 
egregium  Antoren  latus  inter  et  ilia  figit, 


'"  peditein  pedes,  et  so  punctuated  M.     The  other  punctua- 
tion peditem.     pedes  et  is  a  conjecture  of  Peerllcamp'a. 
'°*  insignia  M^a':  insidiia  M^PRVh. 
'**  cedebant  ^-^7,  known  to  Serviua. 
'«»  campum  M.  '"  hue  P^:  hunc  MP^. 

'"  inicit  7.     at  omitted  by  iPy. 

222 


AENEID   BOOK    X 

on  foot.  On  foot  had  Lycian  Agis  also  advanced ; 
yet  him  Valerus,  lacking  naught  of  ancestral  prowess, 
struck  down  ;  Thronius  falls  by  Salius,  and  Salius  by 
Nealces,  famed  for  the  javelin  and  the  arrovv  that 
steals  from  afar. 

755  J^ow  the  heavy  hand  of  Mars  was  dealing  out 
equal  woe  and  mutual  death.  Alike  they  slew  and 
alike  they  fell — victors  and  vanquished,  and  neither 
these  nor  those  knew  flight.  The  gods  in  Jove's 
halls  pit}'  the  vain  wrath  of  either  host,  and  grieve 
that  mortals  should  endure  such  toils.  Here  Venus 
looks  on,  there  over  against  her  Saturnian  Juno : 
pale  Tisiphone  rages  amid  the  thousands  of  men. 
But  now  Mezentius,  shaking  his  mighty  spear,  ad- 
vances like  a  whirlwind  on  the  plain.  Great  as 
Orion,  when  cleaving  a  path  he  stalks  on  foot  through 
the  vast  pools  of  mid-ocean,  towers  with  his  shoulder 
above  the  waves,  or,  as  he  brings  back  an  aged  ash 
from  mountain-heights,  walks  the  ground  with  head 
hidden  in  the  clouds:  such  Mezentius  strode  in  his 
giant  armour. 

'•'^^  On  the  other  side  Aeneas  espying  him  in  the 
long  battle-line,  moves  to  meet  him.  Undaunted  he 
abides,  awaiting  his  noble  foe,  and  steadfast  in  his 
bulk ;  then,  with  eye  measuring  the  distance  that 
might  suffice  his  spear:  "May  this  right  hand, 
my  deity,  and  the  hurtling  dart  I  poise,  now  aid 
me !  I  vow  thee,  Lausus,  thy  very  self,  clad  in 
spoils  stripped  from  the  robber's  corpse,  as  my  trophy 
of  Aeneas."  ^  He  spoke,  and  threw  from  far  his 
whistling  spear ;  on  it  flies,  glanced  from  the  shield, 
and  hard  by  pierces  noble  Antores  betwixt  side  and 

*  Instead  of  the  usual  trunk  of  wood,  hung  witli  the  arms 
of  the  vanquished  foe,  the  living  Lausua,  clothed  in  the 
armour  of  Aeueas,  is  to  be  his  trophy. 

SS3 


VIRGIL 

Herculis  Antoicn  comitenij  qui  missus  ab  Argis 
haeserat  Jluaudro  atque  Itala  consederat  urbe.       780 
sternitur  infelix  alieno  volnere  caelunique 
aspicit  et  dulcis  moriens  remiiiiscitur  Argos. 
turn  pius  Aeneas  hastam  iacit ;  ilia  per  orbem 
aere  cavum  triplici,  per  linea  terga  tribusque 
transiit  intextuiu  tauris  opus  imaque  sedit  785 

inguine  ;  sed  viris  baud  pertulit.     ocius  ensem 
Aeneas,  viso  Tyrrheni  sanguine  laetus, 
eripit  a  femine  et  trepidanti  fervidus  instat. 
ingemuit  cari  graviter  genitoi'is  amore, 
ut  vidit,  Lausus,  lacrimaeque  per  ora  volutae.        790 

Hie  mortis  durae  casum  tuaque  optima  facta, 
si  qua  fideni  tanto  est  opevi  latura  vetustas, 
non  equideni  iiec  te,  iuvenis  memorande,  silebo. 

Ille  pedem  referens  et  inutilis  inque  ligatus 
cedebat  clipeoque  inimicum  hastile  trahebat.         795 
proripuit  iuvenis  seseque  immiscuit  armis 
iamque  adsurgentis  dextra  plagamque  ferentis 
Aeneae  subiit  mucronem  ipsumque  morando 
sustinuit ;  socii  magno  clamore  sequuntui*, 
duni  genitor  nati  parma  jirotectus  abiret,  800 

telaque  coniciunt  proturbantque  emiuus  hostem 
missilibus.     furit  Aeneas  tectusque  tenet  se^ 
ac  velut,  effusa  si  quando  grandine  nimbi 
praecipitantj  omnis  campis  diffiigit  arator, 
omnis  et  agricola,  et  tuta  latet  arce  viator,  805 

aut  amnis  ripis  aut  alti  fornice  saxi, 
dam  pluit  in  terris,  ut  possint  sole  reducto 
exercere  diem  :  sic  obrutus  undique  tells 

"*^  transiet  MK 

'^^  Optimo  M^E,  hiown  to  Servius. 
"»  prorupit  PR.         '"  dextrae  P^^  Servius. 
"«  subigit  MK  ««'  arte  most  MSS.  and  Senius. 

80'  possit  Al'^Ji^. 
224 


AENEID  BOOK    X 

flank — Antores,  comrade  of  Hercules,  who,  sent 
from  Ari;os,  had  cloven  to  Evaiider,  and  settled  in 
an  Italian  town.  He  falls,  alas!  by  a  wound  meant 
for  another,  and  gazes  on  the  skj'-,  and  dying,  dreams 
of  his  sweet  Argos.  Then  good  Aeneas  casts  a  spear; 
through  the  hollow  shield  of  threefold  brass,  through 
the  linen  folds,  and  inwoven  work  of  triple  bull- 
hides,  it  sped,  and  sank  low  in  the  groin,  yet  carried 
not  home  its  strength.  (Quickly  Aeneas,  gladdened 
by  the  sight  of  the  Tuscan's  blood,  snatches  his 
sword  from  the  tb.igh  and  presses  hotly  on  liis  be- 
wildered foe.  Deeply  Lausus  groaned  for  love  of  his 
dear  sire,  when  he  saw  the  sight,  and  tears  rolled 
down  his  face. 

"^1  And  here  death's  cruel  gloom  and  thy  most 
glorious  deeds — if  so  be  that  ancient  days  may  win 
credence  for  such  prowess — I  in  sooth  will  not  leave 
unsung,  nay,  nor  thjself,  O  youth,  so  worthy  to  be 
sung ! 

^•'*  The  father,  disabled  and  encumbered,  was  now 
giving  ground  with  retreating  steps,  trailing  IVom  his 
buckler  his  foeman's  lance.  Forth  dashed  the  youth 
and  plunged  into  the  fray;  and  even  as  Aeneas' 
hand  rose  to  deal  the  blow,  he  cauglit  up  the  hero's 
point  and  stayed  him  by  this  check.  PI  is  comrades 
follow  with  loud  cries,  until  the  father,  guarded  by 
his  son's  shield,  might  withdraw ;  and  showering 
tlieir  javelins  beat  back  the  foe  with  missiles  from 
afar.  Aeneas,  infuriate,  keeps  himself  under  shelter. 
And  as  when  at  times  storm-clouds  pour  down  in 
showers  of  hail,  every  ploughman,  every  husbandman 
flees  the  fields,  and  the  wayfarer-  cowers  in  safe 
stronghold,  be  it  river's  bank  or  vault  of  lofty  rock, 
while  the  rain  falls  upon  the  lands,  that  so,  when 
the  sun    returns,  they  ma}'  pursue  the  day's  task  : 

J  25 

VOL.   11.  <} 


VIRGIL 

Aeneas  nubem  belli,  dum  detonet  omnis, 
sustinet  et  Lausiim  increpitut  Lausoque  niinatuf  :  810 
"quo  moriture  ruis  maioraque  viribus  audes  ? 
fallit  te  incautum  pietas  tua."     nee  minus  ille 
exsultat  demens,  saevae  iaraque  altius  irae 
Dardanio  surgunt  ducton,  extremaque  Lauso 
Parcae  fila  legunt :  validum  namque  exigit  ensem    815 
per  medium  Aeneas  iuvenem  totumque  recondit. 
transiit  et  parmam  mucro,  levia  arma  mir.acis, 
et  tunicam,  molli  mater  quam  neverat  aui'Oj 
implevitque  sinum  sanguis  ;  turn  vita  per  auras 
concessit  maesta  ad  Manis  corpusque  reliquit.        820 
at  vero  ut  voltum  vidit  morientis  et  ora, 
ora  modis  Anchisiades  pallentia  mii*is, 
ingemuit  miserans  graviter  dextramque  tetendit 
et  mentem  patriae  strinxit  pietatis  imago, 
"quid  tibi  nunc,miserande  puer,  pro  laudibus  istis,  825 
quid  pius  Aeneas  tanta  dabit  indole  dignum  ? 
arma,  quibus  laetatus,  habe  tua,  teque  parentum 
manibus  et  cineri,  si  qua  est  ea  cura,  remitto. 
hoc  tamen  infelix  miseram  solabere  mortem : 
Aeneae  magni  dextra  cadis."     increpat  ultro         830 
cunctantis  socios  et  terra  sublevat  ipsum, 
sanguine  turpantem  comptos  de  morte  capillos. 

Interea  genitor  Tibei'ini  ad  fluminis  undam 
volnera  siccabat  lymphis  corpusque  levabat 
arboris  adclinis  trunco.     procul  aerea  ramis  835 

dependet  galea  et  pi'ato  gravia  arma  quiescuntk 

"2  fallet  te  I':  fallite  R:  fallete  y^.       «i»  fila]  Una  P. 
*"  sinus  .1/'.  "^  striuxit  M :  subiit  P :  subit  R. 

"«  lavabat  MPR. 
226 


AENEID   BOOK   X 

even  thus,  o'crwhelnied  by  javelins  on  all  sides, 
Aeneas  endures  the  war-cloud  until  all  its  thunder 
is  S23ent,  c'liidin<^  Lausus  the  while,  and  threatening 
Lausus :  "  Whither  rushest  thou  to  thy  death,  with 
daring  beyond  thy  strength  ?  Thy  love  betrays  thee 
into  rashness."  Yet  none  the  less  the  youth  riots 
madly ;  and  now^  Avrath  rises  higher  in  the  Dardan 
leader's  heart,  and  the  Fates  gather  up  Lausus'  last 
threads ;  for  Aeneas  drives  the  sword  sheer  through 
the  youth's  body,  and  buries  it  within  to  the  hilt. 
The  point  pierced  the  targe — frail  arms  for  one  so 
threatening — and  the  tunic  his  mother  had  woven 
him  of  pliant  gold ;  blood  iilled  his  breast,  then 
through  the  air  the  life  fled  sorrowing  to  the  Shades, 
and  left  the  body.  But  when  Anchises'  son  saw  the 
look  on  that  dying  face — that  face  so  pale  in  won- 
drous wise — heavily  he  groaned  in  pity,  and  stretched 
forth  his  hand,  as  the  likeness  of  his  own  filial  love 
rose  before  his  soul.  ''  What  now,  unhajjpy  boy, 
shall  good  Aeneas  give  thee  for  these  thy  glories .'' 
What  guerdon  worthy  of  such  a  heart?  Keep  for 
thine  own  the  arms  wherein  thou  didst  delight ;  and 
if  such  a  care  may  touch  thee,  thyself  I  give  back  to 
the  spirits  and  ashes  of  th.y  sires.  Yet,  hapless  one ! 
this  shall  solace  thee  for  thy  sad  death :  'tis  by  the 
hand  of  great  Aeneas  thou  dost  fall."  Nay,  he  chides 
the  laggard  conn-ades  and  uj)lifts  their  chief  from 
the  earth,  where  he  befouled  with  blood  his  seemly 
ordered  locks. 

^^3  Meanwhile  by  the  wave  of  the  Tiber  river,  the 
father  staunched  his  wounds  with  water,  and  rested 
his  reclining  frame  against  a  tree's  trunk.  Hard  by, 
his  brazen  helmet  hangs  from  the  boughs,  and  his 
heavy  arms  lie  in  peace  ou  the  meadow.     Chosen 

227 


VIRGIL 

slant  lecti  circmn  iuvenes  :   ipse  aeger,  anhelans 
colla  fovet,  fusus  propexam  in  pectore  barbam ; 
multa  super  Lauso  rogitat  multumque  remittit, 
qui  revocent  maestique  ferant  mandata  parentis.   840 
at  Lausuni  socii  exanimeni  super  arma  ferebant 
flentes,  ingentem  atque  ingenti  volnere  victum. 
adgnovit  longe  gemitum  praesaga  mali  mens  ; 
canitiem  multo  deformat  pulvere  et  anibas 
ad  caelum  tendit  palmas  et  corpore  inhaeret.         845 
"  tantane  me  tenuit  vivendi^  nate,  voluptas, 
ut  pro  me  hostili  paterer  succedere  dextrae, 
quem  genui  ?  tuane  haee  genitor  per  volnera  servor, 
morte  tua  vivens  ?  heu^  nunc  misero  mihi  demum 
exitium  infelix,  nunc  alte  volnus  adactum !  850 

idem  ego^  nate^  tuum  maculavi  crimine  nomen, 
pulsus  ob  invidiam  solio  sceptrisque  paternis. 
debueram  patriae  poenas  odiisque  meorum  : 
omnis  per  mortis  animam  sontem  ipse  dedissem. 
nunc  vivo  neque  adhuc  homines  lucemque  relinquo. 
sedlinquam."    simul  hoc  dicens  attollit  in  aegrum  856 
se  femur  et,  quamquam  vis  alto  volnere  tardat, 
baud  deiectus  equum  duci  iubet.     hoc  decus  illi, 
hoc  solamen  erat,  bellis  hoc  victor  abibat 
omnibus,     adloquitur  maerentem  et  talibus  infit ;  860 
"  Rhoebe,  diu_,  res  si  qua  diu  mortalibus  ulla  est, 
viximus.     aut  hodie  victor  spolia  ilia  cruenta 
et  caput  Aeneae  referes  Lausique  dolorum 
ultor  eris  mecum,  aut  aperit  si  nulla  viam  vis, 
occumbes  pariter  :  neque  enim,  fortissime,  credo,  865 
iussa  aliena  pati  et  dominos  dignabere  Teucros." 

'^'  corpora  Py. 

83°  inultum]  multom  P^:  multos  y-bc^. 
*^*  multo]  immundo  M^.         ^^"  exilium  7^0.',  Servuis. 
85'  quamquam  vis]  quamvis  P^.     tardet  M^P^y^bc. 
«6>  crueati  P^,  known  to  Serviua.        *^^  dolorem  P. 
90s 


AENEID   BOOK    X 

men  stand  round ;  he  himself,  sick  and  panting, 
eased  his  neck,  while  over  his  chest  streams  his  flow- 
ing beard.  Many  a  time  he  asks  for  Lausus,  and 
many  a  time  he  sends  messengers  to  recall  him,  and 
convey  the  charge  of  his  grieving  sire.  But  Lausus 
his  weeping  comrades  were  bearing  lifeless  on  his 
armour — a  mighty  one  and  laid  low  by  a  mighty 
wound.  The  ill-boding  heart  knew  tlieir  wail  afar. 
His  hoary  hair  he  defiles  with  a  shower  of  dust, 
spreads  botli  hands  to  heaven,  and  clasps  his  arms 
about  the  corpse  :  "  My  son  !  and  did  .such  joy  of  life 
possess  me,  that  in  my  stead  1  suffered  thee  to  meet 
the  foeman's  sword — thee,  whom  I  begat  ?  Ain  I, 
thy  father,  saved  by  these  wounds  of  thine,  and 
living  by  thy  death.  ?  Ah  me !  now  at  last  is  come 
to  me,  alas !  the  bitterness  of  death ;  now  is  my 
wound  driven  deep !  Yea,  and  I,  my  son,  stained 
thy  name  with  guilt — I,  driven  in  loathing  from  the 
throne  and  sceptre  of  my  fathers.  Long  have  I 
owed  my  punishment  to  my  country  and  my  people's 
hate ;  by  any  form  of  death  should  I  myself  have 
yielded  up  my  guilty  life.  Now  I  live  on,  and  leave 
not  yet  daylight  and  mankind  ;  but  leave  I  will."  And 
with  the  word  he  raises  himself  on  his  stricken  thigh, 
and  though  his  force  flags  by  reasim  of  the  deep  wound, 
yet,  undismayed,  he  bids  his  horse  he  brought.  This 
was  his  pride,  this  his  solace ;  on  this  he  passed  vic- 
torious from  every  battle.  He  addresses  the  grieving 
beast  and  accosts  it  thus  :  "  Rhoebus,  long  have  we 
lived,  if  to  mortal  beings  aught  be  long.  To-day 
thou  shalt  either  bear  off  in  victory  yonder  bloody 
spoils  with  the  head  of  Aeneas,  and  avenge  with  me 
the  sufferings  of  Lausus,  or,  if  no  force  opens  a  way, 
thou  shalt  die  witli  me ;  for  thou,  gallant  steed,  wilt 
not  deign,  methinks,  to  brook  a  stranger's  bidding 

229 


VIRGIL 

dixit  ef  exceptus  tergo  consiieta  locavit 

membra  manusque  ambas  iaculis  oneravit  acutis, 

acre  caput  fulgens  cristaque  hirsutus  equina. 

sic  cursum  in  medios  rapidus  dedit.  aestuat  ingens  870 

uno  in  corde  pudor  mixtoque  insania  luctu. 

Atque  hie  Aenean  magna  ter  voce  vocavit.        873 
Aeneas  adgnovit  enim  laetusque  precatur  : 
"sic  pater  ille  deum  faciat,  sic  altus  Apollo !  875 

incipias  conferre  manum." 
tantum  effatus,  et  infesta  subit  obvius  hasta. 
ille  autem  :  "  quid  me  erepto,  saevissime,  nato 
terras  ?  haec  via  sola  fuit,  qua  perdere  posses. 
nee  mortem  horremus  nee  divum  parcinius  ulli.     880 
desine  :  nam  venio  moriturus  et  haec  tibi  porto 
dona  prius."     dixit  telumque  intorsit  in  hostem. 
inde  aliud  super  atque  aliud  figitque  volatque 
ingenti  gyro,  sed  sustinet  aui'eus  umbo, 
ter  circum  adstantem  laevos  equitavit  in  orbis,      88.') 
tela  manu  iaciens,  ter  secum  Troius  lieros 
immanem  aerato  circumfert  tegmine  silvam. 
inde  ubi  tot  traxisse  moras,  tot  spicula  taedet 
vellere  et  urgetur  pugna  congressus  iniqua, 
multa  movens  animo  iam  tandem  erumpit  et  inter  8P0 
bellatoris  equi  cava  tempora  conicit  hastam. 
tollit  se  arrectum  quadrupes  et  calcibus  auras 
verberat  effusumque  equitem  super  ipse  secutus 
implicat  eiectoque  incumbit  cemuus  armo. 
olamore  incendunt  caelum  Troesque  Lalinique,     895 
advolat  Aeneas  vaginnque  eripit  ensem 

«"=   =  XII.  6GS,  oinifted  by  MPPiy^n^h. 
883  fiigitqne  Jfipic».         '  «"  aereus  MT. 
•*'  agmine  7*.  ***  cernulus  P*EyK 

230 


AENEID    BOOK    X 

and  a  Trojan  lord  !  "  He  spoke,  and,  mounting  the 
beast,  settled  his  limbs  as  was  his  wont,  and  charged 
either  hand  with  sharp  javelins,  his  head  glittering 
with  brass  and  bristling  with  liorse-hair  plume. 
Thus  he  sAviftly  dashed  into  the  midst.  In  that 
single  heart  surges  a  vast  tide  of  shame  and  madness 
mingled  with  grief. 

^"^^  And  now  thrice  in  loud  tones  he  called  Aeneas. 
Yea,  and  Aeneas  knew  the  call,  and  offers  joyful 
prayer:  "So  may  the  great  father  of  the  gods  grant 
it,  so  Apollo  on  high  !  Mayest  thou  begin  the  com- 
bat !  "  So  much  said,  he  moves  on  to  meet  him  with 
levelled  spear.  But  he:  "Why  seek  to  affnght  me, 
fierce  foe,  now  my  son  is  taken  .''  This  was  the  one 
way  whereby  thou  couldst  destroy  me.  We  shrink 
not  from  death,  nor  heed  we  any  of  the  gods. 
Cease ;  for  I  come  to  die,  first  bringing  thee  these 
gifts."  He  spoke,  and  hurled  a  javelin  at  his  foe ; 
then  plants  another  and  yet  another,  wheeling  in 
wide  circle;  but  the  boss  of  gold  withstands  all. 
Thrice  round  liis  watchful  foe  he  rode,  turning  to 
the  left  and  launching  darts  from  his  hand  ;  thrice 
the  Trojan  hero  bears  round  with  him  the  vast  forest 
of  spears  upon  his  brazen  shield.  Then,  weary  of 
prolonging  so  many  delays,  of  plucking  out  so  many 
darts,  and  hard  pressed  in  the  unequal  fray,  at  last 
with  much  pondering  in  heart,  he  springs  forth  and 
hurls  his  lance  full  between  the  war-horse's  hollow 
temples.  The  steed  rears  up,  lashes  the  air  with  its 
feet,  then  throws  the  rider  and  itself  coming  down 
above,  entangles  him  ;  then  falls  over  him  in  headlong 
plunge,  and  with  shoulder  out  of  joint.  W^ith  their 
cries  Trojans  and  Latins  set  heaven  aflame.  Up  flies 
Aeneas,   plucks   his  sword   from    the   scabbard,   and 

231 


VIRGIL 

et  super  haec  :  "  ubi  nunc  Mezentius  acer  et  ilia 
efFera  vis  aninai  ?  "  contra  Tyrrlienus,  ut  auras 
suspiciens  hausit  caelum  mentemque  recepit : 
"  hostis  amare,  quid  increpilas  mortemque  minaris  ? 
nullum  in  caede  nefas,  nee  sic  ad  proelia  veni,      901 
nee  tecum  meus  haec  pepigit  mihi  foedera  Lausus. 
unum  hoc  per  si  qua  est  victis  venia  hostibus  oro : 
corpus  humo  patiare  tegi.     scio  acerba  nieorum 
circumstare  odia  :  hunc,  oro,  defende  furorem       90j 
et  me  consortem  nati  concede  sepulchro." 
haec  loquitur  iuguloque  haud  inscius  accipit  ensem 
undantique  animam  difFundit  in  arm  i  cruore. 

8S8  lit]  et  IiPP^FJy\ 

^"^  anima  P^.     defundit  Ey^,     cruorcm  MP'^. 


23S 


AENEID   BOOK   X 

thus  above  him  cries :  "  Where  now  is  bold  Mezen- 
tius,  and  that  wild  fierceness  of  soul?"  To  him  the 
Tuscan,  as  with  eyes  upturned  to  the  air  he  drank 
in  the  heaven  and  regained  his  sense :  "  Bitter  foe. 
why  thy  taunts  and  threats  of  death  ?  No  sin  is 
there  in  slaying  me ;  not  on  such  terms  came  I  to 
battle,  nor  is  such  the  pact  my  Lausus  pledged 
between  me  and  tiiee.  This  alone  I  ask,  by  what- 
soever grace  a  vanquished  foe  may  claim  :  suffer  my 
body  to  be  laid  in  earth.  I  know  that  my  people's 
fierce  hatred  besets  me.  Guard  me,  I  pray,  from 
their  Any,  and  grant  me  fellowship  with  my  son 
within  the  tomb."  So  speaks  he,  and,  unfaltering, 
welcomes  the  sword  to  his  throat,  and  pours  forth 
his  life  over  his  armour  in  streams  of  blood. 


238 


LIBER   XI 

OcEANUM  interea  siirgens  Aurora  reliquit :  mpr 

Aeneas,  quamquam  ct  sociis  dare  tempus  luimandis 
praecipitaiit  ciirae  turbataque  funcre  mens  est, 
vota  deum  primo  victor  solvebat  Eoo. 
ingenteni  qiiercum  decisis  undique  ramis  5 

eonstituit  tumulo  fulgentiaque  induit  arma, 
Mezenti  ducis  exuvias,  tibi,  magne,  tropaeum, 
bellipotens  ;  aptat  rorantis  sanguine  cristas 
telaque  trunca  viri,  at  bis  sex  thoraca  petitum 
perfossumque  locis,  clipeumque  ex  acre  sinistrae     10 
subligat  atque  ensem  collo  suspendit  eburnurn. 
turn  socios  (namque  omnis  eum  stipata  tegebat 
turba  ducum)  sic  incipiens  hortatur  ovantis : 

"  Maxima  res  effecta,  viri ;  timor  omnis  abesto, 
quod  superest ;  haec  sunt  spolia  et  de  rege  superbo    1 5 
primitiae  manibusque  meis  Mezentius  hie  est. 
nunc  iter  ad  regem  nobis  murosque  Latinos, 
arma  parate  animis  et  spe  praesumite  bellum, 
ne  qua  mora  ignaros,  ubi  primum  vellere  signa 
adnuerint  superi  pubemque  educere  castris,  20 

^^  Sej'viii's  notes  that  animis  mai/  he  talccn  tvilh  either  the 
icords  preceding  or  those  foil  owing.    M  punctuates  a/)!cr  animis. 


*  Aeneas  has  two  duties  to  perform,  to  bury  the  dead  and 
to  pay  his  vow.  The  latter  he  attends  to  first,  according  to 
234 


BOOK    XI 

Meanwhile  dawn  rose  and  left  the  ocean.  Aeneas, 
though  his  sorrows  urge  to  give  time  for  his  com- 
rades' burial,  and  death  has  bewildered  his  soul,  yet 
as  the  Day-star  rose,  began  to  pay  the  gods  Jiis  vows 
of  victory.^  A  mighty  oak,  its  branches  lopj^ed  all 
about,  he  plants  on  a  mound,  and  arrays  in  the 
gleaming  amis  stripped  from  Mezentius  the  chief,  a 
trophy  to  thee,  thou  Lord  of  War.^  Thereto  he 
fastens  the  crests  dripping  with  blood,  the  soldier's 
broken  darts,  and  the  breastplate  smitten  and  pierced 
tvdce  six  times  ;  to  the  left  hand  he  binds  the  brazen 
shield,  and  from  the  neck  hangs  the  ivory  sword. 
Then  his  triumphant  comrades — for  the  whole  band 
of  chieftains  thronged  close  about  him — he  thus 
begins  to  exhort: 

H  t(  Mighty  deeds  have  we  wrought,  my  men  ;  for 
what  remains,  away  with  all  fear !  These  are  the 
spoils  and  firstfruits  of  a  haughty  king ;  and  here  is 
Mezentius,  as  fashioned  by  my  hands.  Now  lies  our 
march  to  Latium's  king  and  walls.  Prepare  your 
weapons  with  courage  and  with  your  hopes  anticipate 
the  war ;  so  that,  soon  as  the  gods  above  grant  us  to 
pluck  hence  our  standards,  and  from  the  camp  to  lead 

Roman  ritual ;  his  inclination  would  have  led  him  to  bury 
his  comrades  first. 

*  In  the  trophy  here  described,  the  tree-trunk  doubtless 
represents  the  body  of  the  vanquished  foa. 

235 


VIRGIL 

impcdiat  segnisve  metu  sententia  tardet. 
interea  socios  inhumataque  corpora  terrae 
mandemus,  qui  solus  honos  Acheronte  sub  imo  est. 
ite,"  aitj  ''egregias  animas,  quae  sanguine  nobis 
banc  patriam  peperere  suo,  decorate  supremis  25 

muneribus  maestamque  Euandri  primus  ad  urbem 
mittatur  Pallas^  quem  non  virtutis  egentem 
abstulit  atra  dies  et  funere  mersit  acerbo." 

Sic  ait  inlacrimans  recipitque  ad  limina  gressum, 
corpus  ubi  exanimi  positum  Pallantis  Acoetes  30 

servabat  senior,  qui  Parrhasio  Euandro 
armiger  ante  fuit,  sed  non  felicibus  aeque 
turn  comes  auspiciis  caro  datus  ibat  alumno. 
circum  omnis  famulumque  manus  Troianaque  turba 
et  maestum  Iliades  crinem  de  more  solutae.  35 

ut  vero  Aeneas  foribus  sese  intulit  altis, 
ingentem  gemitum  tunsis  ad  sidera  tollunt 
pectoribus  maestoque  immugit  regia  luctu. 
ipse  caput  nivei  fultum  Pallantis  et  ora 
ut  vidit  levique  patens  in  pectore  volnus  40 

cuspidis  Ausoniae,  lacrimis  ita  fatur  obortis : 
"  tene,"  inquit,  "  miserande  puer,  cum  laeta  veniret, 
invidit  Fortuna  mihi,  ne  regna  videres 
nostra  neque  ad  sedes  victor  veherere  paternas  ? 
non  haec  Euandro  de  te  promissa  parent!  45 

discedens  dederam,  cum  me  complexus  euntem 
mitteret  in  magnum  imperium  metuensque  moneret 
acris  esse  viros,  cum  dura  proelia  gente. 
et  nunc  ille  quidem  spe  multum  captus  inani 
fors  et  vota  facit  cumulatque  altaria  donis  ;  50 

^^  -ve  APE :  -que  M'Py.  -'  est  omitted  in  PR, 

*'  qui  Macrohius.  ''   =  yi.  429 

•^36 


AENRID    BOOK    XI 

forth  the  host,  no  delay  may  impede  us  unawares  or 
faltering  purpose  retard  us  through  fear.  Meanwhile 
let  us  commit  to  earth  the  unburied  bodies  of  our 
comrades — sole  honour  theirs  in  nether  Acheron. 
Go/'  he  said,  "  grace  with  the  last  rites  those  noble 
souls,  who  with  their  blood  have  won  for  us  this  our 
country ;  and  first  let  Pallas  be  sent  to  Evander's 
mourning  city,  he  whom,  lacking  naught  of  valour, 
the  black  day  swept  off  and  plunged  in  bitter 
death." 

2^  So  he  speaks  weeping,  and  retraces  his  steps  to 
the  threshold,  where  Pallas'  lifeless  body  was  laid, 
watched  by  old  Acoetes,  who  erstwhile  was  armour- 
bearer  to  Parrhasian  Evander,  but  now  with  less 
happy  auspices  went  as  appointed  guardian  to  his 
loved  foster-child.  Around  stood  all  the  attendant 
train  and  Trojan  throng,  with  the  Ilian  women,  their 
hair  unloosed  for  mourning  in  wonted  wise.  But 
when  Aeneas  entered  the  lofty  portal,  they  smote 
their  breasts  and  raised  a  mighty  wail  to  the  stars, 
and  the  royal  dwelling  rang  with  their  sorrowful 
lamentation.  He,  when  he  saw  the  pillowed  head 
and  face  of  Pallas,  snowy-white,  and,  on  his  smooth 
breast,  the  gaping  wound  from  Ausonian  spear,  thus 
speaks,  amid  upwelling  tears:  "Was  it  thou,  un- 
happy boy,  that  Fortune  grudged  me  in  her  happy 
hour,  that  thou  mightest  not  look  upon  my  realm, 
nor  ride  triumphant  to  thy  father's  home  r  Not 
such  the  parting  promise  touching  thee  I  gave  thy 
sire  Evander,  when  he  embraced  me  as  I  went,  and 
sent  me  forth  to  win  great  empire,  yet  warned  me 
in  fear  that  valiant  were  the  men  and  hardy  the  race 
we  confronted.  And  now  he,  much  beguiled  by  idle 
hope,  perchance  is  offering  vows  and   heaping  the 

237 


VIRGIL 

nos  iuvenem  exanimum  etnil  iaiii  caelestibus  ullis 

debentem  vano  maesti  comitamur  hoiiore. 

infelix,  nati  funus  crudele  videbis  ! 

hi  nostri  reditus  exspectatique  triumphi  ? 

haec  niea  magna  fides  ?  at  non,  Euandre,  pudendis     55 

volneiibus  pulsum  aspicies,  nee  sospite  dirum 

optabis  nato  funus  pater,     ei  mihi,  quantum 

praesidium  Ausonia  et  quantum  tu  perdis,  lule  !  " 

Haec  ubi  deflevit,  tolli  miserabile  corpus 
imperat,  et  toto  lectos  ex  aginine  mittit  60 

mille  viroSj  qui  supremum  comitentur  honurem 
intersintque  patris  lacrimiSj  solacia  luctus 
exigua  ingentis,  misero  sed  debita  patri. 
liaud  segnes  alii  cnitis  et  molle  feretrum 
arbuteis  texunt  virgis  et  vimine  querno  65 

exstructosque  toros  obtentu  frondis  inumbrant. 
hie  iuvenem  agresti  sublimem  stramine  ponunt, 
qualem  virgineo  demessum  poIHce  florem 
seu  niolHs  violae  seu  languentis  hyacinthi, 
cui  laeque  fulgor  adhuc  nee  dum  sua  forma  recessit ;   70 
non  iam  mater  aUt  tellus  virisque  ministrat. 
turn  geminas  vestis  auroque  ostroque  rigentis 
extulit  Aeneas,  quas  illi  laeta  laborum 
ipsa  suis  quondam  manibus  Sidonia  Dido 
fecerat  et  tenui  telas  discreverat  auro.  75 

harum  unam  iuveni  supremum  maestus  honorem 
induit  ai-surasque  comas  obnubit  amictu, 
multaque  praeterea  Laurentis  praemia  pugnae 
aggerat  et  longo  praedam  iubet  ordine  duci ; 

««  ordine  FIL  "   =  iv.  264. 

238 


AENEID   BOOK    XI 

altars  high  with  gifts ;  we,  in  sorrow,  attend  with 
bootless  rites  the  lifeless  sou,  who  no  more  owes 
aught  to  any  gods  of  heaven.  Unhappy  I  thou  wilt 
behold  the  bitter  funeral  of  thy  son  !  Is  this  our 
return,  our  awaited  triumph  ?  Is  this  my  sure  pledge  ? 
Yet  shall  not  thine  eyes,  Evander,  look  on  one  routed 
with  shameful  wounds  nor  shalt  thou,  his  father,  pray 
for  a  death  accursed,  because  thy  son  is  saved.^  Ah 
me  !  how  great  a  protection  is  lost  to  thee,  Ausonia, 
how  great  to  thee,  liilus  ! " 

^®  His  lamentation  ended,  he  bids  them  raise  the 
piteous  corpse,  and  sends  a  thousand  men  chosen 
from  his  whole  host  to  attend  the  last  rite  and  share 
the  father's  tears — scant  solace  for  grief  so  vast,  but 
due  to  a  father's  sorrow.  Others  in  haste  plait  the 
wicker-frame  of  a  soft  bier  with  arbute  shoots  and 
oaken  twigs,  and  shroud  the  high-piled  couch  with 
leafy  canopy.  Here  they  lay  the  youth  aloft  on  his 
rustic  bed,  like  to  a  flower  culled  by  maiden's  finger, 
be  it  of  tender  violet  or  drooping  hyacinth,  whose 
sheen  and  native  grace  not  yet  have  faded,  but  no 
more  does  its  mother  earth  give  strength  and  nurture. 
Then  Aeneas  brought  forth  two  robes,  stiff  with  gold 
and  purple,  which  Sidonian  Dido,  delighting  in  the 
toil,  had  once  herself  with  her  own  hands  wrought 
for  him,  interweaving  the  web  with  threads  of  gold. 
Of  these  he  sadly  drapes  one  round  the  youth  as  a 
last  honour,  and  in  its  covering  veils  those  locks  the 
fire  shall  claim  ;  withal  heaps  up  many  a  prize  from 
the  Laurentine  fray ,2  and  bids  the  spoils  be  borne  in 

'  The  son's  dishonour  would  make  an  otherwise  dreaded 
death  welcome  to  the  father.  Some  think  that  it  is  the  son's 
death  for  which  the  father  is  supposed  to  praj'. 

'  Laurentum  was  the  capital  of  the  Latian  forces  led  by 
Turnus. 

239 


VIRGIL 

addit  equos  et  tela,  quibus  spoliaverat  hostem.         80 

vinxerat  et  post  terga  nianus,  quos  mitteret  umbris 

inferias,  caeso  sparsurus  sanguine  ilanimas, 

indutosqiie  iubet  truncos  hcstilibus  annis 

ipsos  ferre  duces  inimicaque  nomiaa  figi. 

ducitur  infelix  aevo  confectus  Acoetes,  85 

pectora  nunc  foedans  pugnis,  nunc  unguibus  ora, 

sternitur  et  toto  pi-oiectus  corpore  terrae. 

ducunt  et  Rutulo  perfuses  sanguine  currus. 

post  bellator  equus  positis  insignibus  Aetlion 

it  lacrinians  guttisque  umectat  grandibus  era.  pO 

hastam  alii  galeamque  ferunt ;  nam  cetera  Turnus 

victor  habet.     turn  maesta  phalanx   Teucrique 

sequuntur 
Tyrrhenique  oranes  et  versis  Ai'cades  armis. 
postquam  omnis  longe  comitum  praccesserat  ordo, 
substitit  Aeneas  gemituque  haec  addidit  alto  :  95 

"nos  alias  liinc  ad  lacrimas  eadem  horrida  belli 
fata  vocant :  salve  aeternum  mihi,  maxime  Palla, 
aeternumque  vale."     nee  plura  efFatus  ad  altos 
tendebat  muros  gressumque  in  castra  ferebat. 

lamque  oratores  aderant  ex  urbe  Latina,  100 

velati  ramis  oleae  veniamque  rogantes  : 
corpora,  per  campos  ferro  quae  fusa  iacebant, 
redderet  ac  tumulo  sineret  succedere  terrae ; 
nullum  cum  victis  certamen  et  aethere  cassis ; 
parceret  hospitibus  quondam  socerisque  vocatis.     105 
quos  bonus  Aeneas  baud  aspernanda  precantis 

**  sparsuros  a^bc.     flammam  Ey. 
'3  omnes]  duces  E,  Serviiu.  '*  processerat  yK 

'^  edidit  M*E.  *••*  precantea  E,  Servius. 

240 


AENEID  BOOK   XI 

long  train  ;  then  adds  the  steeds  and  arms  of  which 
he  had  stripped  the  foe.  The  victims'  hands  he  had 
bound  behind  their  backs,  even  to  send  them  as 
offerings  to  the  Shades,  sprinkling  the  flames  with 
the  blood  of  the  slain.  He  bids  the  chiefs  them- 
selves bear  tree-trunks  clad  in  hostile  arms,  with 
foemen's  names  affixed.  Hapless  Acoetes,  outworn 
with  years,  is  led  along,  marring  now  his  breast  with 
clenched  tis'rs,  now  his  face  with  nails,  and  anon  he 
flings  his  whole  frame  prone  upon  the  earth.  Cars 
likewise  they  lead,  bespattered  with  Rutulian  blood. 
Behind,  the  war-steed  Aethon,  his  trappings  laid 
aside,  goes  weeping,  and  big  drops  wet  his  face.^ 
Others  carry  the  spear  and  helmet :  for  all  else 
Turnus,  as  victor,  holds.  Then  follows  a  mournful 
host — the  Teucrians,  and  all  the  Tuscans  and  the 
Arcadians  with  arms  reversed.  When  all  the  retinue 
of  his  comrades  had  advanced  far  ahead,  Aeneas 
halted,  and  with  deep  sigh  spake  this  word  more  : 
"Me  the  same  grim  destiny  of  war  summons  hence 
to  other  tears  :  hail  thou  for  evermore,  noblest  Pallas, 
and  for  eveiTnore  farewell !  "  And  without  further 
words  he  turned  to  the  lofty  walls  and  bent  his  steps 
towards  the  camp. 

^"•^  And  now  came  envoys  from  the  Latin  city,  o'er- 
shaded  with  olive  boughs  and  craving  grace ;  the 
bodies  that  lay  strewn  by  the  sword  o'er  the  plain 
they  prayed  him  to  restore  and  suffer  to  rest  beneath 
an  earthen  mound.  No  war,  they  plead,  is  waged 
with  vanquished  men,  bereft  of  air  of  heaven  ;  let 
him  spare  men  once  called  hosts,  and  fathers  of  their 
brides! 2     To  them  good  Aeneas  courteously  gi-ants 

1  c/.  Iliad,  XVII.  426  ff.,  where  the  horses  of  Achilles  weep. 
-  Latiuus  had  promised  his  daughter  to  Aeneas,  ^md  perhaps 
similar  alliances  were  arranged. 

241 
VOL.  IL  R 


VIRGIL 

prosequitur  venia  et  verbis  haec  insuper  addit : 

"quaenani  vos  tanto  fortuna  indigna,  Latini, 

implicuit  bello,  qui  nos  fugiatis  amicos  ? 

pacem  me  exanimis  et  Martis  sorte  peremptis        110 

Gratis  ?  equidem  et  vivis  concedere  vellern. 

nee  veni,  nisi  fata  locum  sedemque  dedissent^ 

nee  bellum  cum  gente  gero  :  rex  nostra  rcliquit 

hospitia  et  Turni  potius  se  credidit  armis. 

aequius  huic  Turnum  fuerat  se  opponere  morti.     115 

si  bellum  finire  manu,  si  pell  ere  Teucros 

apparat,  his  mecum  decuit  concurrere  telis  ; 

vixetj  eui  vitam  deus  aut  sua  dextra  dedisset. 

nunc  ite  et  miseris  supponite  civibus  ignem." 

dixerat  Aeneas,     illi  obstipuere  silentes  120 

conversique  oculos  inter  se  atque  ora  tenebant. 

Turn  senior  semperque  odiis  et  crimine  Draiices 
infensus  iuveni  Turno  sic  ore  vicissim 
orsa  refert :  "  o  fama  ingens,  ingentior  armis, 
vir  Troiane,  quibus  caelo  te  laudibus  aequem  ?       125 
iustitiaene  prius  mirer  belline  laborum  ? 
nos  vero  haec  patriam  grati  referemus  ad  urbem 
et  tCj  pi  qua  viam  doderit  Fortuna,  Latino 
iungemus  regi.     quaerat  sibi  foedera  Turnus. 
quin  et  fatalis  murorum  attollere  moles  130 

saxaque  subvectare  umeris  Troiana  iuvabit." 
dixerat  haec,  unoque  omnes  eadem  ore  fremebant. 
bis  senos  pepigere  dies  et  pace  sequestra 
per  silvas  Teucri  mixtique  impune  Latini 
erravere  iugis.     ferro  sonat  alta  bipenni  135 

fraxinus,  evertunt  actas  ad  sidera  pinos. 


113  sua]  cui  r. 

1^"  iustitiane   ME,   both  readings  Icnoxcn   to   Priscian  and 
Servius.     laborem  By-. 

131  subiectare  1'^.  "'  silvam  .'/. 

242 


AENEID    BOOK    XI 

the  prayer  he  could  not  spurn,  and  adds  these  words 
besides :  "  Wliat  spiteful  chance,  ye  Latins,  has  en- 
tangled you  in  so  terrible  a  war,  that  ye  fly  from  us 
your  friends  ?  Do  ye  ask  me  peace  for  the  dead 
slain  by  the  lot  of  battle  ?  Gladly  would  I  grant  it 
to  the  living  too.  Nor  had  I  come,  had  not  fate 
assigned  me  here  a  place  and  home,  nor  wage  I  war 
with  your  people :  it  is  your  king  who  forsook  our 
alliance  and  preferred  to  trust  himself  to  Turnus' 
sword.  Fairer  it  had  been  for  Turnus  to  face  this 
death.  If  he  seeks  to  end  the  war  by  the  strong 
hand,  if  he  seeks  to  drive  out  the  Trojans,  with  me 
he  should  have  contended  with  these  weapons :  that 
one  of  us  should  have  lived,  to  whom  heaven  or  his 
own  right  hand  had  granted  life.  Now  go,  and 
kindle  the  fire  beneath  your  hapless  countrymen." 
Aeneas  ceased  :  they  stood  dumb  in  silence,  and  kept 
their  eyes  and  faces  turned  on  one  another. 

1-^  Then  aged  Drances,  ever  the  foe  of  youthful 
Turnus  in  hate  and  calumny,  thus  speaks  in  reply: 
"  O  great  in  g\ory,  greater  in  arms,  tliou  hero  of 
Troy,  how  with  my  praises  may  I  extol  thee  to  the 
sky?  Am  I  to  marvel  first  at  thy  justice  or  at  thy 
toils  in  war?  V/e  indeed  will  gratefully  bear  these 
words  back  to  our  native  city,  and,  if  fortune  grant 
a  way,  will  unite  thee  with  Latinus  our  king.  Let 
Turnus  seek  alliances  for  himself!  Nay,  it  will  be 
our  delight  to  rear  those  massive  walls  thy  destiny 
ordains,  and  on  our  shoulders  to  bear  the  stones  of 
Troy."  He  ceased,  and  all  with  one  voice  murmured 
assent.  For  twice  six  days  they  made  truce,  and, 
with  peace  interposing,  Teucrians  and  Latins  o'er  the 
forest  heights  roamed  scatheless  together.  The  lofty 
ash  rings  under  the  two-edged  axe ;  they  lay  low 

2iS 

R    3 


VIRGIL 

robora  nee  cuneis  et  olentem  scindere  cedrum 
nee  plaustris  cessant  vectai-e  gementibus  ornos. 
Et  iam  Fama  volans,  tanti  praenuntia  luctus, 
Euandrum  Euandiique  domos  et  moenia  replet,    140 
quae  niodo  victoi'em  Latio  Pallanta  ferebat. 
Arcades  ad  portas  ruere  et  de  move  vetiisto 
fnnereas  rapuere  faces ;  lucet  via  longo 
ordine  flammanun  et  late  discriminat  agi'os. 
contra  turba  Phrygum  veniens  plangentia  iungit  145 
agmina.    quae  postquam  matres  succedere  tectis 
viderunt,  maestam  incendunt  clamoribus  urbem. 
at  non  Euandrum  potis  est  vis  ulla  tenere, 
sed  venit  in  medios.     feretro  Pallante  reposto 
procubuit    super    atque    haeret    laci-imansque 

gemensque,  150 

et  via  vix  tandem  voci  laxata  doloi-e  est : 
"  non  haec,  o  Palla,  dederas  promissa  parenti, 
cautius  ut  saevo  velles  te  credere  Marti, 
baud  ignarus  eram,  quantum  nova  gloria  in  armis 
et  praedulce  decus  primo  certamine  posset.  155 

primitiae  iuvenis  miserae  bellique  propinqui 
dura  rudimenta  et  nuUi  exaudita  deorum 
vota  precesque  meae  I  tuque,  o  sanctissima  coniunx, 
felix  morte  tua  neque  in  liunc  servata  dolorem  ! 
conti'a  ego  vivendo  vici  mea  fata,  superstes  l60 

restarem  ut  genitor.     Troum  socia  arma  secutum 
obruerent  Rutuli  telis  !  animam  ipse  dedissem 
atque  haec  pompa  domum  me,  non  Pallanta  referret ! 
nee  yds  arguerim,  Teucri,  nee  foedera  nee  quas 

1^'  conplet  M^.  **^  iungunt  M. 

I"  Pallanta  M*. 

^^^  vocis  Fy:  voces  M^:  voci  2PE. 

^^*  So)iie  place  a  period  after  parenti :   petenti  known  to 
Servius. 

1*«  arguerem  M. 
9n 


AENEID    BOOK    XI 

star-towering  pines,  and  ceaselessly  their  wedges 
cleave  oak  and  fragrant  cedar,  and  groaning  wains 
convey  the  mountain-ash. 

^^^  And  now  winged  Fame,  harbinger  of  that  heavy 
grief,  fills  Evander's  ears,  Evander's  house  and  city — 
Fame,  that  but  now  proclaimed  Pallas  victorious  in 
Latium.  The  Arcadians  streamed  to  the  gates,  and 
after  their  ancient  wont,  seized  funeral  torches  ;  the 
road  gleams  with  the  long  line  of  flame,  and  parts 
the  fields  afar.^  Tlie  Phrygian  band,  moving  to  meet 
them,  joins  the  wailing  throng.  Soon  as  the  matrons 
saw  them  draw  near  their  homes,  their  shrieks  set 
the  mourning  city  ablaze.  But  no  force  can  withhold 
Evander ;  he  rushes  into  the  midst,  and,  when  the 
bier  is  set  down,  casts  himself  upon  Pallas,  and  clings 
to  him  weeping  and  moaning,  and  scarce  from  sorrow 
at  the  last  does  his  speech  find  open  way  :  "  Not 
such,  O  Pallas,  v.as  the  promise  thou  hadst  given 
thy  sire,  that  thou  wouldst  seek  more  warily  to  en- 
trust thyself  to  cruel  Mars  !  Well  knew  I  how  strong 
was  the  fresh  glory  of  arms  and  the  ovcrsvveet  pride 
of  battle's  first  day !  O  bitter  firstfruits  of  thy 
youth  !     O  cruel  schooling  in  close-neighbouring  war  ! 

0  vows,  O  prayers  of  mine,  to  which  no  god  gave 
ear !  And  thou,  my  blessed  spouse,'^  happy  in  thy 
death,  and  spared  not  for  this  grief!  But  I,  living 
on,  have  overcome  my  destiny,  only  to  linger  thus — 
thy  father !  Would  I  had  followed  Troy's  allied 
arms,  to  be  overwhelmed  by  Rutulian  darts !    Would 

1  had  given  my  own  life,  and  this  funeral -pomp  were 
bringing  me — not  Pallas — home  !  Yet  I  would  not 
blame  you,  ye  Ti'ojans,  nor  our  covenant,  nor  the 

>  The  line  of  light,  stretching  across  the  fields  at  night, 
divides  them  like  a  roadway. 
*  Like  sancte  parens,  Aen.  v.  80. 

245 


VIRGIL 

iunximus  hospitio  dexlras:  sors  ista  senectae  165 

debita  erat  nostrae.     quod  si  immatura  mancbat 
mors  gnatum,  caesis  Volscorum  milibus  ante 
ducentem  in  Latium  Teucros  cecidisse  iuvabit. 
quin  ego  non  alio  digner  te  funere,  Palla, 
quam  pius  Aeneas  et  quam  magni  Phryges  et  quam  1 70 
Tyrrhenique  duces^  Tyrrhenum  exercitus  omnis. 
magna  tropaea  ferunt,  quos  dat  tua  dextera  Leto  ; 
tu  quoque  nunc  stares  immanis  truncus  in  amiis, 
esset  par  aetas  et  idem  si  robur  ab  annis, 
Turne.    sed  infelix  Teucros  quid  demoror  armis  ?   175 
vadite  et  haec  memores  regi  mandata  referte  : 
quod  vitam  moror  invisam,  Pallante  perempto, 
dextera  causa  tua  est,  Tumum  gnatoque  patrique 
quam  debere  vides.     mentis  vacat  hie  tibi  solus 
fortunaeque  locus,     non  vitae  gaudia  quaero  180 

(nee  fas),  sed  gnato  Manis  perferre  sub  imos." 

Aurora  interea  miseris  mortalibus  almam 
extulerat  lucem,  referens  opera  atque  labores : 
iam  pater  Aeneas,  iam  curvo  in  litore  Tarclion 
constituere  pyras.     hue  corpora  quisque  suorum    185 
more  tulere  patrum,  subiectisque  ignibus  atris 
conditur  in  tenebras  altum  caligine  caelum, 
ter  circum  accensos  cincti  fulgentibus  armis 
decurrere  rogos,  ter  maestum  funeris  ignem 
lustravere  in  equis  ululatusque  ore  dedere.  190 

spargitur  et  tellus  lacrimis,  sparguntur  et  arma, 
it  caelo  clamorque  virum  clangorque  tubarum, 
hie  alii  spolia  occisis  dercpta  Latinis 
coniciunt  igni,  galeas  ensisque  decoros 


'^^  iuvaret  M ;  iuvare  E.         *"  ferant  Ry^. 
»'•  aiidite  Ji,  "*  cuncti  R, 


246 


AENEID    BOOK    XI 

hands  we  clasped  in  friendship :  this  lot  was  due  to 
nay  gray  hairs.  But  if  untimely  death  awaited  my 
son,  it  shall  be  my  joy  that,  after  slaying  his  Volscian 
thousands,  he  fell  leading  the  Trojans  into  Latium ! 
Nay,  Pallas,  I  myself  could  deem  thee  worthy  of  no 
other  death  than  good  Aeneas  does,  than  the  mighty 
Phrygians,  than  the  Tyrrhene  captains,  and  all  the 
Tyrrhenian  host.  Great  are  the  trophies  they  bring, 
to  wliom  thy  hand  deals  death ;  ^  thou,  too,  Turnus, 
wouldst  now  be  standing,  a  monstrous  trunk  arrayed 
in  arms,  had  thine  age  and  strength  of  years  been  as 
his !  But  why  do  I,  unhappy,  stay  the  Teucrian? 
from  conflict  ?  Go,  and  forget  not  to  bear  this  mes- 
sage to  your  king :  that  I  drag  on  a  life  hateful 
now  that  Pallas  is  slain,  the  cause  is  thy  right  hand, 
which  thou  seest  owes  Turnus  to  son  and  to  sire. 
That  sole  field  is  left  thee  for  thy  merits  and  thy 
fortune.  I  ask  not  for  joy  in  life — that  c.innot  be — 
but  to  bear  tidings  to  my  son  in  the  shades  below." 

1^2  Meanwhile  Dawn  had  uplifted  her  kindly  light 
for  weary  men,  recalling  them  to  task  and  toil.  Now 
father  Aeneas,  now  Tarchon,  had  set  up  pyres  on 
the  winding  shore.  Hither,  after  the  fashion  of 
their  fathers,  they  each  brought  the  bodies  of  tlieir 
kin,  and  as  the  murky  fires  are  lit  beneath,  high 
heaven  is  veiled  in  the  gloom  of  darkness.  Thrice, 
girt  in  glittering  annour,  tliey  ran  their  course  round 
the  blazing  piles ;  thrice  circled  on  their  steeds  the 
mournful  funeral-fire,  and  uttered  the  voice  of  wail- 
ing. Tears  stream  on  earth,  and  stream  on  armour; 
cries  of  men  and  blare  of  clarions  mount  to  heaven. 
And  now  some  fling  on  the  fire  Latin  spoils  stripped 
from  the  slain,  helmets  and  goodly  swords,  bridles 

*  The  slain  warriors  themselves  are  said  to  bring  the 
trophies  Pallas  cau  display. 

247 


VIRGIL 

freii.ique  ferventisque  rot.'»s,  pars  munera  nota,      195 
ipsorum  clipeos  et  iion  felicia  tela, 
multa  bourn  circa  mactantur  corpora  Morti, 
saetigerosque  sues  raptasque  ex  omnibus  agris 
in  fiainmam  iugulant  pecudes.     turn  litore  toto 
ardentis  spectant  socios  semustaque  servant  200 

busta,  neque  avelli  possunt,  nox  umida  donee 
invertit  caelum  stellis  ardentibus  aptum. 

Nee  minus  et  miseri  diversa  in  parte  Latini 
innunieras  struxere  pyras,  et  corpora  partim 
multa  virum  ten-ae  infodiunt  avectaque  partim      205 
finitimos  tollunt  in  agros  urbique  remittunt ; 
cetera  confusaeque  ingcntem  caedis  acervum 
nee  numero  nee  honore  cremant ;  tune  undique  vasti 
certatim  crebris  conlucent  ignibus  agri. 
tertia  lux  gelidam  caelo  dimoverat  umbram  :  210 

maerentes  altum  cinerem  et  confusa  ruebant 
ossa  focis  tepidoque  onerabant  aggere  ten-ae. 
iam  vero  in  tectis,  praedivitis  urbe  Latini, 
praecipuus  fragor  et  longi  pars  maxima  luctus. 
hie  mati'es  miseraeque  nurus,  hie  cara  sororum       215 
pectora  maerentum  {)uerique  parentibus  orbi 
dirum  exsecrantur  bellimi  Turnique  hymenaeos  ; 
ipsum  armis  i]>sumque  iubent  decernere  ferro, 
qui  regnum  Italiae  et  primos  sibi  poscat  honores. 
ingravat  haec  saevus  Drances  solumque  vocari       220 
testatur,  solum  posci  in  cei'tamina  Turnum. 
multa  simul  contra  variis  sententia  dictis 
pro  Turno,  et  magnum  reginae  nomen  obumbrat, 
multa  virum  meritis  sustentat  fama  tropaeis. 

^»?  fulgentibus  R. 

-"'  stragis  R. 

*'*  longe  be,  approved  by  Servius. 

"0  haec]  et  P7». 

^**  virum]  simul  JP. 
248 


AENEID   BOOK    XI 

and  glowing  wheels ;  others,  offerings  familiar  to 
the  dead — their  own  shields  and  luckless  weapons. 
Around,  many  a  stout  ox  is  sacrificed  to  Death ; 
bristly  swine  and  cattle  harried  from  all  the  country 
are  slaughtered  over  the  flames.  Then,  over  all  the 
shore,  they  watch  their  comrades  burning,  and  keep 
guard  above  the  charred  pyres,  nor  can  tear  them- 
selves away  till  dewy  night  rolls  round  the  heaven, 
inset  with  gleaming  stars. ^ 

203  jjor  \qss,  elsewhere,  the  hapless  Latins  built 
pyres  innumerable.  Of  their  many  slain,  some  they 
bury  in  the  earth,  some  they  raise  and  carry  to  the 
neighbouring  fields  or  send  home  to  the  city ;  the 
rest,  a  mighty  mass  of  indistinguishable  slaughter, 
they  burn  unreckoned  and  unhonoured :  then  on 
all  sides,  emulous  with  close-clustering  fires,  flare 
the  broad  fields.  The  third  morn  had  withdrawn 
chill  shade  from  heaven ;  mournfully  they  stirred 
from  the  pyres  the  bones  mingled  with  deep  ashes, 
and  heaped  above  them  a  warm  mound  of  earth. 
But  within  the  walls,  in  the  city  of  rich  Latinus,  is 
the  chief  uproar  and  the  long  wail's  largest  portion. 
Here  mothers  and  their  sons'  unhappy  brides,  here 
the  loving  hearts  of  sorrowing  sisters,  and  boys  bereft 
of  sires,  call  curses  on  the  fell  war  and  on  Turnus' 
nuptials  :  "  He,  he  himself,"  they  cry,  "  should  decide 
the  issue  by  arms  and  the  sword,  he  who  claims  for 
himself  the  realm  of  Italy  and  foremost  honours." 
Fierce  Drances  weights  the  scale,  and  bears  witness 
that  Turnus  alone  is  called,  alone  is  summoned  to 
battle.  Over  against  them,  the  while,  many  an  opinion 
in  varied  phrase  speaks  for  Turnus,  the  shadow  of 
the  queen's  great  name  is  his  shelter,  and  many  a 
tale  with  well-won  trophies  upholds  the  hero. 
»  <if.  Aen.  II.  250  and  iv.  482  (=  vi.  797). 

249 


VIRGIL 

Hos  inter  motus,  medio  in  flagrante  tumultu,     225 
ecce  super  maesti  magna  Diomedis  ab  urbe 
legati  responsa  fevunt :  nihil  omnibus  actum 
tantorum  impensis  operum,  nil  dona  neque  aurum 
nee  magnas  valuisse  preces,  alia  arma  Latinis 
quaerenda,  aut  pacem  Troiano  ab  re^e  petendum.  230 
deficit  ingenti  luctu  rex  ipse  Latinus. 
fatalem  Aenean  manifesto  numine  ferri 
admonet  ira  deum  tumulique  ante  ora  recentes. 
ergo  concilium  magnum  primosque  suorum 
imperio  accitos  alta  intra  limina  cogit.  235 

olli  convenere  ruuntque  ad  regia  plenis 
tecta  viis.     sedet  in  mediis  et  maxiraus  aevo 
et  primus  sceptris  baud  laeta  fronte  Latinus. 
atque  hie  legatos  Aetola  ex  url)e  remissos, 
quae  referant,  fari  iubet  et  responsa  reposcit  240 

ordine  cuncta  suo.     tum  facta  silentia  Unguis, 
et  Vemilus  dicto  parens  ita  farier  infit : 

''  Vidimus^  o  cives,  Diomede  Argivaque  castra 
atque  iter  emensi  casus  superavimus  omnis^ 
contigimusque  manum,  qua  concidit  Ilia  tellus.      245 
ille  urbem  ArgjTipam  patriae  cognomine  gentis 
victor  Gargani  condebat  lapygis  agris. 
postquam  iutrogressi  et  coram  data  copia  fandi, 
munera  praeferimus,  nomen  patriamque  docemus, 
qui  bellum  intulerint,  quae  causa  attraxerit  Arpos.  250 
auditis  ille  haec  placido  sic  reddidit  ore  : 

"  '  O  fortunatae  gentes^  Saturnia  regna, 
antiqui  Ausonii,  quae  vos  fortuna  quietos 
soUicitat  suadetque  ignota  lacessere  bella  ? 

^^"  petendam  JPFJiy:  petendum  Servius. 

2^"  fluuntque  P"Ry, 

**'  Diomede  a-b-c :  Diomeden  MPRy :  Dioniedem  inferior 
MSS. 

*"  arvi"!  b*,  Serviua.  '^'  edidit  j1/*. 

250 


AENEID    BOOK   XI 

^2^  Amid  this  stir,  at  the  fiery  turmoil's  height,  lo ! 
to  crown  all,  from  Diomede's  great  city  the  envoys 
bring  a  gloomy  answer :  naught  has  been  gained  at 
cost  of  so  much  toil ;  naught  have  gifts  of  gold  or 
strong  prayers  availed ;  Latium  must  seek  other 
arms  or  sue  for  peace  to  the  Trojan  king.  Beneath 
his  weight  of  grief  even  king  Latinus  sinks.  That 
Aeneas  is  called  of  fate,  guided  by  heaven's  clear 
will,  is  the  warning  given  by  angry  gods  and  tlie 
fresh  graves  before  his  eyes.  Therefore  his  high 
council,  the  foremost  of  his  people,  he  summons  by 
royal  command  and  convenes  within  his  lofty  portals. 
They  assembled,  streaming  to  the  king's  palace 
through  the  ci'owded  streets.  In  their  midst,  eldest 
in  years  and  first  in  regal  state,  with  little  joy  upon 
his  brow,  sits  Latinus,  and  now  bids  the  envoys, 
returned  from  the  Aetolian  city,  tell  what  tidings 
they  bring  back,  and  demands  full  answers,  each  in 
order.  I'hen  on  all  tongues  fell  silence,  and, 
obedient  to  his  word,  Venulus  thus  begins : 

243  a  ^Yg  have  seen,  O  citizens,  Diomede  and  his 
Argive  camp ;  we  have  achieved  our  journey,  over- 
come all  perils,  and  grasped  the  hand  whereby  the 
land  of  Ilium  fell.  He  was  founding  his  city  of 
Argyripa,  named  after  his  father's  race,  in  the  con- 
quered fields  of  lapygian  Garganus.  Soon  as  we 
entered,  and  liberty  was  given  to  speak  before  his 
face,  we  proffer  our  gifts,  and  declare  our  name  and 
country,  who  are  its  invaders,  and  what  cause  has 
led  us  to  Arpi,  He  heard  and  thus  replied  with 
unruffled  mien  : 

2^2  "  c  Q  ijappy  peoples  of  Saturn's  realm,  sons  of 
old  Ausonia,  what  chance  vexes  your  calm  and  lures 
you  to  provoke  warfare  unknown  ?     All  we  who  with 

«51 


VIRGIL 

quicumque  Iliacos  ferro  violavimus  agros  255 

(mitto  ea,  quae  muris  bellando  exhausta  sub  altis, 
quos  Simois  premat  ille  viros),  infanda  per  orbem 
supplicia  et  scelerum  poenas  expendimus  omnes, 
vel  Priamo  miseranda  manus  :  scit  triste  Minervae 
sidus  et  Euboicae  cautes  ultorque  Caphereus.         260 
militia  ex  ilia  diversum  ad  litus  abacti 
Atrides  Protei  Menelaus  adusque  columnas 
exsulat,  Aetnaeos  vidit  Cyclopas  Ulixes. 
i-egna  Neoptolemi  referam  versosque  penatis 
Idomenei  ?     Libycone  habitantis  litore  Locros  ?    265 
ipse  Mycenaeus  magnorum  ductor  Achivum 
coniugis  infandae  prima  intra  liuiina  dextra 
oppetiit,  devictam  Asiam  subsedit  adulter, 
invidisse  deos,  patriis  ut  redditus  aris 
coniugium  optatum  et  pulchram  Calydona  viderem  ? 
nunc  etiam  horribili  visu  portenta  sequuntur,         271 
et  socii  amissi  petierunt  aethera  pinnis 
fluminibusque  vagantur  aves  (heu  dira  meorum 
supplicia  !)  et  scopulos  lacrimosis  vocibus  implent. 
haec  adeo  ex  illo  mihi  iam  S})emnda  fuerunt  275 

tempore,  cum  ferro  caelestia  corpora  demens 
adpetii  et  Veneris  violavi  volnere  dextram. 
ne  verOj  ne  me  ad  talis  impellite  pugnas. 

"1  adacti  Al^. 

264,  265  placed  after  268  by  Ribbeck,  Benoist,  and  others. 
^^'  inter  Py^,  Macrobius. 

268  (Jevicta  Asia  7*6*0,  pre/erred  by  Servhis.  possedit 
M-R-y^,  Macrohius. 

*'*  amissis  P^:  admissis  knoion  to  Servhis. 
*'^  adeo]  eadem  Py^. 

^  As  the  Greeks  were  returning  from  Troy,  Pallas  Minerva 
sent  a  storm  upon  them,  and  Nauplius,  king  of  Euboea,  hung 
252 


AENEID   BOOK    XI 

steel  profaned  the  fields  of  Troy — I  speak  not  of  the 
soiTows  we  suffered  in  war  beneath  her  lofty  walls^ 
of  the  heroes  whom  yonder  Simois  o'erwhelms — we, 
the  wide  woi-ld  over,  have  paid  all  manner  of  penalties 
for  guilt  in  nameless  tortures,  a  band  that  even 
Pi'iam  might  pity  :  witness  Minerva's  baleful  star,  the 
Euboic  cliffs,  and  avenging  Caphereus.^  From  that 
warfare  driven  to  diverse  shores,  Menelaus,  son  of 
Atreus,  is  in  exile  far  as  the  pillars  of  Proteus ;  and 
Ulysses  has  looked  on  the  Cyclopes  of  Aetna.  Shall 
I  tell  of  the  realm  of  Neoptolemus  and  the  home  of 
Idomeneus  o'erthrown  !  or  of  the  Locrians  who  dwell 
on  Libya's  shore  ?  Even  the  Mycenaean,  the  mighty 
Achaeans'  chief,  scarce  within  the  threshold,  fell  by 
his  wicked  wife's  hand ;  behind  vanquished  Asia 
lurked  a  paramour !  2  Ah  !  that  heaven  hath  be- 
grudged me  return  to  my  country's  altars,  and  sight 
of  the  wife  I  long  for,  and  lovely  Calydon !  Even 
now,  portents  of  dreadful  view  pursue  me ;  my  lost 
comrades  have  winged  their  way  to  the  sky  or  haunt 
the  streams  as  birds — alas '  the  dire  punishment  of 
my  people ! — and  fill  the  cliffs  with  their  tearful 
cries.^  Such,  even  such,  was  the  fate  I  had  to  look 
for  from  that  hour  when  with  the  steel  I  madly 
assailed  celestial  limbs,  and  profaned  the  hand  of 
Venus  with  a  wound.*     Nay,  nay,  urge  me  not  to 

out  false  lights,  so  that  tho  fleet  was  wrecked  on  the  pro- 
montory of  Caphereus. 

"^  Aegisthus,  paramour  of  Clyteranestra,  aided  her  in  tho 
murder  of  the  returning  Agamemon,  Thus  for  the  victor 
came  "first  the  triumph,  then  the  assassin's  stroke." 

^  Some  of  the  companions  of  Diomede  were  changed  into 
sea-birds,  which  haunted  the  Diomede  Islands  off  the  Apu- 
lian  promontory  of  Garganus. 

*  How  Diomede  wounded  Aph.rodite  is  told  in  Iliad,  v. 
318  fil 

253 


VIRGIL 

nee  mihi  cum  Teucris  ullum  post  eruta  bellum 
Pergama,  nee  veterum  memini  laetorve  nialorum.  280 
munera,  quae  patriis  ad  me  portatis  ab  oris, 
vertite  ad  Aenean.     stetimus  tela  aspera  contra 
contulimusque  manus  :  experto  ercclite,  quantus 
in  elipeum  adsurgat,  quo  turbine  torqueat  haslam. 
si  duo  praeterea  talis  Idaea  tulisset  285 

terra  viros,  ultro  Inachias  venisset  ad  urbes 
Dardanus  et  versis  lugei'et  Graecia  fatis. 
quidquid  apud  durae  cessatum  est  moenia  Troiae, 
Hectoris  Aeneaeque  manu  victoria  Graium 
haesit  et  in  deeimum  vestigia  rettulit  annum.        290 
anibo  animis,  ambo  insignes  praestantibus  arniis  ; 
hie  pietate  prior,     coeant  in  foedera  dextrae, 
qua  datur ;  ast  armis  concurrant  anna  eavete.' 
et  responsa  simul  quae  sint,  rex  optime,  regis 
audisti  et  quae  sit  magno  sententia  bello."  295 

Vix  ea  legati,  variusque  per  ora  cucurrit 
Ausonidum  turbata  fremor :  eeu  saxa  morantur 
cum  rapidos  amnis,  fit  elauso  gurgite  murmur 
vicinaeque  fremunt  ripae  crepitantibus  undis, 
ut  prinium  placati  animi  et  trepida  ora  quierunt,  300 
praefatus  divos  solio  rex  infit  ab  alto : 

"  Ante  equidem  summa  de  re  statuisse,  Latini, 
et  vellem  et  fuerat  melius,  non  tempore  tali 
cogere  concilium,  cum  muros  adsidet  hostis. 
bellum  impoi'tunum,  cives,  cum  gente  deorum       305 
invictisque  viris  gerimus,  quos  nulla  fatigant 


*'''  bellum  est  R.  *'*  portaslis  I)'',  Senilis. 

»58  ceitatum  M^.  ">*  obsidet  Afbc*. 


254 


AENEID   BOOK    Xi 

such  battles  !  Neither  have  I  any  war  with  Teucer's 
race  since  Troy's  towers  fellj  nor  have  I  joyful  re- 
membrance of  the  ills  of  old.  The  gifts  that  ye 
bring  me  from  your  country's  bounds  take  rather  to 
Aeneas.  We  have  faced  his  fierce  weapons,  and 
fought  him  hand  to  hand :  trust  one  who  proved  it, 
how  huge  he  looms  above  his  shield,  with  what  whirl- 
wind he  hurls  his  spear !  Had  Ida's  land  borne  two 
others  like  to  him,  the  Trojans  had  even  stormed  the 
towns  of  Inachus,^  and  Greece  would  be  mourning, 
with  doom  reversed.  In  all  our  tarrying  before  the 
walls  of  stubborn  Troy,  it  was  by  the  hand  of  Hector 
and  Aeneas  that  the  Greeks'  victory  was  halted  and 
withdrew  its  advent  till  the  tenth  year.  Both  were 
renowned  for  courage,  both  eminent  in  arms  ;  Aeneas 
was  first  in  piety.  Join  hand  to  hand  in  treaty,  as 
best  ye  may ;  but  beware  your  swords  clash  not  with 
his  !  *  Thou  hast  heard,  noble  King,  what  the  King 
replies,  and  what  lie  counsels  on  this  mighty  war." 

^^^  Scarce  thus  the  envoys,  when  a  various  murmur 
ran  along  the  troubled  lips  of  Ausonia's  sons :  even 
as,  when  rocks  delay  a  rushing  river,  there  rises  a 
roar  from  the  pent-up  flood,  and  the  neighbouring 
banks  echo  to  the  plashing  waters.  Soon  as  minds 
were  calmed  and  restless  tongues  were  hushed,  the 
king,  first  calling  on  heaven,  from  his  high  throne 
begins : 

302  "Xhat  ere  now,  O  Latins,  we  had  determined 
on  our  country's  weal,  I  both  could  wish^  and  it  had 
been  better ;  not  to  convene  a  council  at  such  an 
hour,  when  the  foe  is  seated  at  our  walls.  A  war 
unblest,  O  my  countrymen,  we  are  wagmg  with  a 
race  divine,  with  men  unconquered  ;  no  battles  weary 

1  Inachus  was  the  first  king  of  Arg03,  and  Argos  indicates 
Greek  cities  in  general. 

255 


VIRGIL 

proelia,  nee  vieti  possunt  absistere  ferro. 

speni  si  quam  adscitis  Aetolum  habuistis  in  armis, 

ponite.     spes  sibi  quisque ;  sed  haec  quam  au- 

gusta,  videtis. 
cetera  qua  rerum  iaceant  perculsa  ruina,  SIO 

ante  oculos  interque  nianus  sunt  omnia  vestras. 
nee  quemquam  incuso  :  potuit  quae  plurima  virtus 
esse,  fuit ;  toto  certatum  est  corpore  regni. 
nunc  adeo,  quae  sit  dubiae  seiitentia  mentis 
expediam  et  paucis  (animos  adhibete)  docebo.       815 
est  antiquus  ager  Tusco  mihi  proximus  amni, 
longus  in  occasum,  finis  super  usque  Sicanos ; 
Aurunci  Rutulique  serunt  et  vomere  duros 
exercent  collis  atque  horum  asperrima  pascunt. 
haec  omnis  regio  et  celsi  plaga  pinea  mentis  S20 

cedat  amicitiae  Teucrorum,  et  foederis  aequas 
dicamus  leges  sociosque  in  regna  vocemus ; 
considant,  si  tantus  amor,  et  moenia  condant. 
sin  alios  finis  aliamque  capessei'e  gentem 
est  animus  possuntque  solo  decedere  nostro,  325 

bis  denas  Italo  texamus  robore  navis ; 
seu  pluris  complere  valent,  iacet  omnis  ad  undam 
materies  ;  ipsi  numerumque  modumque  carinis 
praecipiant,  nos  aera,  manus,  navalia  demus. 
praeterea,  qui  dicta  ferant  et  foedera  firment,        330 
centum  oratores  prima  de  gente  Latinos 
ire  placet  pacisque  manu  praetendere  ramos, 
munera  portantis  aurique  eborisque  talenta 
et  sellam  regni  trabeamque  insignia  nostri. 
consulite  in  medium  et  rebus  succurrite  fessis."     335 

Turn  Drances,  idem  infensus,  quem  gloria  Turni 
obliqua  invidia  stimulisque  agitabat  amaris, 
largus  opum  et  lingua  melior,  sed  frigida  bello 

®i^  et  omitted  P^y.  ^-*  -que]  -ve  Py. 

'35  fessis]  vestris  Py*.  '^^  linguae  P^,  Serviua. 

256 


AENEID    BOOK    XI 

them  and  even  in  defeat  they  cannot  let  go  the 
sword.  If  ye  had  any  hope  in  alHaiice  with  Aetolian 
arms,  resign  it.  Each  is  his  own  hope ;  but  how 
slender  this  is,  ye  see.  All  else,  with  what  wide 
ruin  it  lies  smitten,  is  before  your  eyes  and  within 
your  grasp.  Nor  blame  1  any  ;  what  valour's  utmost 
could  do  is  done ;  with  our  realm's  whole  strength 
have  we  striven.  Now  mark  :  the  judgment  of  my 
wavering  mind  I  will  unfold,  and,  if  ye  pay  heed, 
will  instruct  you  in  brief.  There  is  an  ancient  do- 
main of  mine  bordering  the  Tuscan  river,  stretching 
far  westward,  even  beyond  Sicanian  bounds.  Aurun- 
cans  and  Rutulians  sow  the  seed,  work  the  stubborn 
hills  with  the  share,  and  graze  their  roughest  slopes. 
Let  ail  this  tract,  witli  a  pine-clad  belt  of  mountain 
height,  pass  to  the  Trojans  in  friendship  ;  let  us  name 
just  terms  of  treaty,  and  invite  them  to  share  our 
realm.  Let  them  settle,  if  so  strong  be  their  desire, 
and  build  their  city.  But  if  they  have  a  mind  to  lay 
hold  of  other  bounds,  and  another  nation,  and  are  free 
to  quit  our  soil,  let  us  build  twice  ten  ships  of  Italian 
oak  ;  or  if  they  can  man  more,  all  the  timber  lies  at 
the  water's  edge ;  themselves  shall  prescribe  the 
number  and  fashion  of  their  vessels ;  we  will  give 
brass,  labour,  and  docks.  Further,  to  bear  our  word 
and  seal  the  pact,  I  would  have  a  hundred  envoys  go 
forth,  Latins  of  noblest  birth,  proffering  in  their  hands 
boughs  of  peace,  and  carrying  gifts — talent-weights 
of  gold  and  ivory,  and  the  chair  and  robe,  ensigns  of 
our  royalty.  Take  counsel  for  the  commonweal,  and 
uphold  our  weary  fortunes  !  " 

330  Then  Drances,  hostile  as  before,  whom  the 
renown  of  Turnus  goaded  with  the  bitter  stings  of 
furtive  envy,  lavish  of  wealth  and  valiant  of  tongue, 
though    his   hand  was   cold   for   battle,    in    counsel 

257 


VIRGIL 

dextera,  consiliis  habitus  non  futtilis  auctor, 
seditione  potens  (genus  huic  materna  superbum    S^O 
nobilitas  dabat,  incertum  de  patre  ferebat ;) 
surgit  et  his  onerat  dictis  atque  aggerat  iras  : 

"  Rem  nulli  obscuram  nostrae  nee  vocis  egentem 
consulis,  o  bone  rex  :  cuncti  se  scire  fatentur, 
quid  fortuna  ferat  populi,  sed  dicere  mussant.        345 
det  libertatem  fandi  flatusque  remittat, 
cuius  ob  auspicium  infaustum  moresque  siuistros 
(dicam  equidem,  licet  arma  mihi  mortemque  minetur) 
lumina  tot  cecidisse  ducum  totamque  videmus 
consedisse  urbem  luctu,  dum  Troia  temptat  350 

castra,  fugae  fidens,  et  caelum  territat  armis. 
unum  etiam  donis  istis^  quae  plurima  mitti 
Dardanidis  dicique  iubes,  unum,  optime  regum, 
adicias,  nee  te  ullius  violentia  vincat, 
quin  natam  egregio  genero  dignisque  hymenaeis   355 
des  pater,  et  pacem  banc  aeterno  foedere  iungas. 
quod  si  tantus  habet  mentes  et  pectora  terror, 
ipsum  obtestemur  veniamque  oremus  ab  ipso, 
cedat,  ius  proprium  regi  patriaeque  remittat. 
quid  miseros  totiens  in  aperta  pericula  civis  360 

proicis,  o  Latio  caput  horum  et  causa  malorum  ? 
nulla  salus  bello ;  pacem  te  poscimus  omnes, 
Turne,  simul  pacis  solum  inviolabile  pignus. 
primus  ego,  invisum  quern  tu  tibi  fingis  (et  esse 
nil  moror),  en  supplex  venio,    miserere  tuorum  !  365 
pone  animos  et  pulsus  abi !     sat  funera  fusi 

5"  ferebant  P^R.  »"  petat  1P>*. 

*^*  iungas]  finnes  M^R,  Sercius. 
366  funere  F^-y^.     f uso  Py^:  fusia  M. 
258 


I 


AENEID    BOOK   XI 

deemed  no  mean  adviser,  in  faction  strong  (his 
mother's  high  birth  ennobled  his  lineage ;  from  his 
sire  obscure  rank  he  drew),  rises  and  with  these 
words  loads  and  heaps  high  their  wrath  : 

343  « ji^  subject  dark  to  no  one  and  needing  no 
voice  of  ours,  O  gracious  king,  is  that  whereon  thou 
takest  our  counsel  !  All  confess  they  know  what 
course  the  public  fortune  prompts,  but  they  shrink 
from  speech.  Let  him  grant  liberty  of  speech  and 
abate  his  blustering  pride,  through  whose  disastrous 
auspices  and  perverse  ways  (yea  1  will  speak,  though 
with  arms  and  death  he  threaten  me)  we  see  so 
many  glorious  leaders  have  fallen  and  the  whole  city 
is  sunk  in  mourning,  Avhile  he,  confident  in  flight, 
assails  the  Trojan  camp  and  affrights  heaven  with 
his  arms.  One  more  add  to  those  many  gifts  thou 
bidst  us  send  and  promise  to  the  sons  of  Dardanus — 
one  more,  most  gracious  king — and  let  no  man's  vio- 
lence prevail  to  stay  thee  from  giving  thy  daughter, 
as  a  father  may,  to  a  peerless  son  in  worthy  nuptials, 
and  making  this  bond  of  peace  in  eternal  covenant. 
But  if  such  terror  possess  our  minds  and  hearts,  let 
us  entreat  the  2")rince  himself  and  implore  him,  even 
him,  of  his  grace,  to  yield  and  give  up  his  own 
rights^  to  king  and  country.  Why  fling  thy  hapless 
fellow-citizens  so  oft  into  gaping  perils,  O  spring  and 
source  to  Latium  of  these  her  woes .''  No  safety  is 
there  in  war ;  for  peace  we  pray  thee,  Turnus,  one 
and  all,  and,  along  with  peace,  for  its  one  inviolable 
pledge.  1  first,  I  whom  thou  feignest  to  be  thy  foe 
— but  that  I  waive — lo,  I  come  in  suppliance  !  Pity 
thine  own  folk ;  doff  thy  pride ;  and,  beaten,  give 
way !     Routed,  we  have  seen  enough  of  death  and 

*  Called  "his  own  rights"  in  irony.  Latinus,  of  course, 
had  the  right  to  dispose  of  his  daughter's  hand. 

259 
■  2 


VIRGIL 

vidimus,  ingentis  et  desolavimus  agros. 

aut  si  fama  movet,  si  tantum  pectore  robur 

concipis  aut  si  adeo  dotalis  regia  cordi  est, 

aude  atque  adversum  fidens  fer  pectus  in  liostem.   370 

scilicet  ut  Turno  contingat  regia  coniunx, 

nos  animae  viles,  inhumata  infletaque  turba, 

sternamur  campis  ?     etiam  tu,  si  qua  tibi  vis, 

si  patrii  quid  Martis  habes,  ilium  aspice  contra, 

qui  vocat."  375 

Talibus  exarsit  dictis  violentia  Turni ; 
dat  gemitum  rumpitque  has  imo  pectore  voces : 
"  larga  quidera,  Drance,  semper  tibi  copia  fandi 
turn  cum  bella  manus  poscunt,  patribusque  vocatis 
primus  ades.     sed  non  replenda  est  curia  verbis,  380 
quae  tuto  tibi  magna  volant,  dum  distinct  hostem 
agger  moerorum  nee  inundant  sanguine  fossae, 
proinde  tona  eloquio  (solitum  tibi)  meque  timoris 
argue  tu,  Drance,  quando  tot  stragis  acervos 
Teucrorum  tua  dextra  dedit  passimque  tropaeis     385 
insignis  agros.     possit  quid  vivida  virtus, 
experiare  licet:  nee  longe  scilicet  hostes 
quaerendi  nobis  ;  circumstant  undique  muros. 
imus  in  adversos  ?  quid  cessas  ?  an  tibi  Mavors 
ventosa  in  lingua  pedibusque  fugacibus  istis  390 

semper  erit  ? 

pulsus  ego  ?  aut  quisquam  merito,  foedissime,  pulsum 
arguet,  Iliaco  tumidum  qui  crescere  Thybrim 
sanguine  et  Euandri  totam  cum  stirpe  videbit 
procubuisse  domum  atque  exutos  Arcadas  armis  ?  395 
baud  ita  me  experti  Bitias  et  Pandarus  ingens 

'*'  designavimus  Py^.  '*^  aut]  et  Pit. 

^'®  semper  Drance  PHy,  Servius.         '**  detinet  M. 
332  aggere  MPEy^c.     nee]  et  Py^. 
331  ip-  adds  nequiquam  armis  tenebimus  hostem. 
^'^  arguit  JA 

260 


I 


AENEID   BOOK   XI 

have  made  wide  lands  desolate.  Or,  if  glory  stir  thee, 
if  in  thy  heart  thou  nurscst  such  strength,  or  if  the 
dower  of  a  palace  be  to  thee  so  dear — be  bold,  and 
fearlessly  advance  thy  breast  to  meet  the  foe.  What ! 
that  Turnus  may  be  blessed  with  a  royal  bride,  are 
we,  forsooth,  we  worthless  lives,  a  crowd  unburied 
and  unwept,  to  be  strewn  upon  the  plains  ?  Do 
thou  also,  if  any  might  be  thine,  if  thou  hast  aught 
of  the  War-god  of  thy  sires,  look  him  in  the  face 
who  challenges  ! " 

^"^  At  these  words  out  blazed  the  fury  of  Turnus  : 
he  heaves  a  groan,  and  from  his  bosom's  depth  breaks 
forth  with  this  cry :  "  Plenteous  indeed,  Drances, 
ever  is  thy  stream  of  speech  in  the  hour  when  battle 
calls  for  hands  ;  and  when  the  senate  is  summoned, 
thou  art  first  to  appear  I  But  we  need  not  to  fill  the 
council-house  with  words — those  big  Avords  that  fly 
securely  from  thy  lips,  while  rampart-walls  keep  off 
the  foe,  and  the  trenches  swim  not  yet  with  blood. 
Go,  thunder  on  in  eloquence — thy  wonted  way — and 
do  thou,  Drances,  charge  me  with  fear,  since  thy 
hand  hath  reared  such  slaughter-heaj)S  of  Teucrians, 
and  everywhere  thou  adornest  the  fields  with  tro- 
phies. What  living  valour  may  achieve,  'tis  in  thy 
power  to  make  trial ;  nor  in  sooth  are  our  foes  far  to 
seek  ;  on  every  side  they  beset  our  walls.  Shall  we 
move  to  meet  them.''  Why  lingerest?  Will  thy 
prowess  lodge  for  ever  in  that  windy  tongue,  and  in 
those  flying  feet .''  I  beaten  ?  Or  shall  any  one,  foul 
liar,  justly  brand  me  beaten,  that  shall  see  swollen 
Tiber  rise  high  with  Ilian  blood,  and  all  Evander's 
house  and  line  laid  prostrate,  and  his  Arcadians 
stripped  of  arms?  Not  such  did  Bitias  and  giant 
Pandarus  prove  me,  nor  those  thousand  men  whom 

261 


VIRGIL 

et  quos  mille  die  victor  sub  Tartara  misi, 
inclusus  muris  hostilique  aggere  saeptus. 
'nulla  salus  bello.'     capiti  cane  talis,  demens, 
Dardanio  rebusque  tuis.     proinde  omnia  magno    400 
ne  cessa  turbare  metu  atque  extoUere  viris 
gentis  bis  victae,  contra  premere  arma  Latini. 
nunc    et   Myrmidonum   proceres   Phrygia  arma 

tremescunt, 
nunc  et  Tydides  et  Larisaeus  Achilles^ 
amnis  et  Hadriacas  retro  fugit  Aufidus  undas.        405 
vel  cum  se  paviduni  contra  mea  iurgia  fingit, 
artificis  seel  us,  et  formidine  crimen  acerba;t. 
numquam  animam  talem  dextra  hac  (absiste  moveri) 
amittes :  habitet  tecum  et  sit  pectore  in  isto. 
nunc  ad  te  et  tua  magna,  pater,  consulta  reverter.   410 
si  nullam  nostris  ultra  spem  ponis  in  armis, 
si  tam  deserti  sumus  et  semel  agmine  verso 
funditus  occidimus  neque  habet  Fortuna  regressum, 
oremus  pacem  et  dextras  tendamus  inertis. 
quamquam  o  si  solitae  quicquam  virtutis  adesset !  415 
ille  mihi  ante  alios  fortunatusque  laborum 
egregiusque  animi,  qui,  ne  quid  tale  videret, 
procubuit  morions  et  Immum  semel  ore  momordit. 
sin  et  opes  nobis  et  adhuc  intacta  inventus 
auxilioque  urbes  Italae  populique  supersunt,  420 

sin  et  Troianis  cum  multo  gloria  venit 
sanguine  (sunt  illis  sua  funera,  parque  per  omnis 
tempestas) — cur  indecores  in  limine  primo 
deficimus  ?  cur  ante  tubam  tremor  occupat  artus  ? 
multa  dies  variique  labor  mutabilis  aevi  425 

rettulit  in  melius,  multos  alterna  revisens 

*"*  Rejected  by  some  editors;  cf.  Ii.  197. 
""  magne  M.       "*  semnl  P:  simul  I^P-R.      ""  suntque  R. 
*25  variusque  M^P^y^,  Macrobnis,  Nonius. 
"^  multosque  MK 
S62 


AENEID    BOOK    XI 

in  one  day  my  conquering  arm  sent  down  to  hell, 
cooped  though  I  was  within  their  walls  and  girt  by 
foemen's  ramparts.  No  safety  in  war  !  Chant  such 
bodings,  fool,  for  the  Dardan's  head  and  thine  own 
lot !  Go  on ;  cease  not  to  confound  all  with  thy 
great  alarms,  extol  the  might  of  a  twice-conquered 
people,  and  in  turn  decry  the  arms  of  Latinus.  Now 
the  Myrmidon  princes  tremble  before  Phrygian  arms, 
now  Tydeus'  son  and  Achilles  of  Larissa,  and  Aufidus' 
stream  recoils  from  the  Adriatic  wave.  Or  listen 
when  he  feigns  himself  affrighted  at  my  chiding — a 
knavish  villainy — and  sharpens  calumny  with  terror  ! 
Never  shalt  thou  lose  such  life  as  thine — be  not 
troubled — by  this  right  hand  :  let  it  dwell  with  thee, 
and  abide  in  thy  craven  breast !  Now,  sire,  I  return 
to  thee  and  this  weighty  debate  of  thine.  If  thou 
restest  no  further  hope  in  our  arms,  if  so  forlorn  are 
we,  and  in  one  repulse  of  our  lines  have  fallen  on 
utter  ruin,  nor  can  Fortune  retrace  her  steps,  let  us 
pray  for  peace  and  stretch  forth  helpless  hands ! 
Yet,  oh,  if  we  had  aught  of  our  wonted  valour! 
Blest  beyond  others  in  his  toil,  and  peerless  in  soul 
would  I  hold  the  man,  who,  to  shun  such  a  sight,  has 
fallen  in  death  and  once  for  all  has  bitten  the  dust. 
But  if  we  still  have  means,  a  manhood  still  unharmed, 
cities  and  nations  of  Italy  still  supporting  us ;  but  if 
even  the  Trojans  have  won  glory  at  much  bloodshed's 
cost  (they  too  have  their  deaths,  and  the  storm  swept 
over  all  alike) — why  faint  we  ignobly  upon  the 
threshold's  edge  ?  Why,  ere  the  trumpet  sounds, 
does  trembling  seize  our  limbs }  Many  an  ill  has 
time  repaired,  and  the  shifting  toil  of  changing 
years ;    many   a   man    has    Fortune,    fitful    visitant, 


263 


VIRGIL 

lusit  et  in  solido  rursus  Fortuna  locavit. 

non  erit  auxilio  nobis  Aetolus  et  Arpi : 

at  Messapus  erit  felixque  Toliimnius  et  quos 

tot  populi  misere  duces^  nee  parva  sequetiir  4S0 

gloria  delectos  Latio  et  Laurentibus  agris. 

est  et  Volscorum  egregia  de  gente  Camilla, 

agmen  agens  equitum  et  florentis  aere  catervas. 

quod  si  me  solum  Teucri  in  certamina  poscunt 

idque  placet  tantumque  bonis  communibus  obsto,  435 

non  adeo  has  exosa  manus  Victoria  fugit, 

ut  tanta  quicquam  pro  spe  temptare  recusem. 

ibo  animis  contra,  vel  magnum  praestet  Acliillem 

factaque  Volcani  manibus  paria  induat  arma 

ille  licet,     vobis  animam  banc  soceroque  Latino    440 

Turnus  ego,  baud  ulli  veterum  virtute  secundus, 

devovi.     'solum  Aeneas  vocat.'     et  vocet  oro, 

nee  Drances  potius,  sive  est  haec  ira  deorum, 

morte  luat,  sive  est  virtus  et  gloria,  tollat." 

Illi  haec  inter  se  dubiis  de  rebus  agebant  445 

certantes  :  castra  Aeneas  aciemque  movebat. 
nuntius  ingenti  per  regia  tecta  tumultu 
ecce  ruit  magnisque  urbem  terroribus  implet : 
instructos  acie  Tiberino  a  flumine  Teucros 
Tyrrhenamque  manura  totis  descendere  campis.    450 
extemplo  turbati  animi  concussaque  volgi 
pectora  et  arrectae  stimulis  haud  mollibus  irae. 
annamanu  trepidi  poscunt,  fremit  arma  iuventus, 
flent  maesti  mussantque  patres.  hie  undique  clamor 
dissensu  vario  magnus  se  tollit  ad  auras,  455 

haud  secus  atque  alto  in  luco  cum  forte  catervae 
consedere  avium,  piscosove  arane  Padusae 

«"  ad]  in  PRy. 
264 


I 


AENEID  BOOK   XI 

mocked,  then  once  more  set  up  upon  firm  ground. 
No  aid  to  us  will  be  the  Aetolian  and  his  Arpi :  yet 
Messapus  Avill  be,  and  Tolumnius  the  fortunate,  and 
all  the  leaders  sent  by  many  a  nation  ;  nor  will  scant 
fame  attend  the  flower  of  Latium  and  the  Laurentine 
land.  We  have  Camilla  too,  of  the  glorious  Volscian 
race,  leading  her  troop  of  horse  and  squadrons  gay 
with  brass.  But  if  I  alone  am  called  by  the  Teu- 
crians  to  combat,  and  such  is  your  will,  and  I  thus 
thwart  the  common  good,  Victory  has  not  shrunk 
from  these  my  hands  with  such  loathing,  that  for 
hope  so  high  I  should  decline  to  venture  aught.  I 
will  face  him  boldly,  even  though  he  match  the 
great  Achilles  and  don  like  armour,  wrought  by 
Vulcan's  hands.  To  you  and  my  bride's  sire,  I.atinus, 
have  I,  Turnus,  second  in  valour  to  none  of  my  fathers, 
devoted  this  life.  Aeneas  calls  on  him  alone.  So  let 
him  call,  I  pray !  nor  let  Drances  in  my  stead,  if 
heaven's  Avrath  be  here,  appease  it  by  his  death  ; 
nor,  if  here  be  prowess  and  glory,  let  him  win  the 
palm ! " 

^^^  Thus,  in  mutual  strife,  were  they  debating 
doubtful  issues :  Aeneas  the  while  moved  from  camp 
to  field.  Lo,  amid  wild  uproar,  a  messenger  rushes 
through  the  royal  halls  and  fills  the  city  with  great 
alarms :  in  battle-array,  he  cries,  the  Teucrians  and 
the  Tyrrhene  force  are  sweej)ing  down  from  the 
Tiber  river  over  all  the  plain.  Straightway  the  minds 
of  the  people  are  confounded,  their  bosoms  shaken, 
and  their  passions  roused  by  no  gentle  spur.  With 
wildly  waving  hands  they  call  for  arms  ;  "arms!"  the 
young  men  shout ;  the  weeping  fathers  moan  and 
mutter.  And  now,  from  every  side,  there  rises  to 
heaven  a  loud  din  with  varied  discord  :  even  as  when 
flocks  of  birds  haply  settle  in  some  tall  grove,  or 

265 


VIRGIL 

dant  sonitum  rauci  per  stagna  loquacia  cycni. 
"immo,"  ait,  "o  cives/'  arrepto  tempore  Turnus^ 
'^cogite  concilium  et  pacem  laudate  sedentes  ;      460 
illi  armis  in  regna  ruunt."     nee  plura  locutus 
corripuit  sese  et  tectis  citus  extulit  altis. 
"  tu,  Voluse,  armari  Volscorum  edice  maniplis, 
due,"  ait, "  et  Rutulos.  equitem,  Messapus,  in  armis, 
et  cum  fratre  Coras,  latis  difFundite  campis.  465 

pars  aditus  urbis  firmet  turrisque  capessat; 
cetera,  qua  iusso,  mecum  manus  inferat  arma." 

Ilicet  in  muros  tota  discurritur  urbe. 
concilium  ipse  pater  et  magna  incepta  Latinus 
deserit  ac  tristi  turbatus  tempore  dift'ert,  470 

multaque  se  incusat,  qui  non  acceperit  ultro 
Dardanium  Aenean  generumque  adsciverit  urbi. 
praefodiunt  alii  portas  aut  saxa  sudesque 
subvectant.     bello  dat  signum  rauca  cruentum 
bucina.     turn  muros  varia  cinxere  corona  475 

matronae  puerique  ;  vocat  labor  ultimus  omnis. 
nee  non  ad  templum  summasquead  Palladis  arces 
subv'ehitur  magna  matrum  regina  caterva, 
dona  ferens,  iuxtaque  comes  Lavinia  virgo, 
causa  mali  tanti,  oculos  deiecta  decoros.  480 

succedunt  matres  et  templum  ture  vaporant 
et  maestas  alto  fundunt  de  limine  voces : 
"  armipotens,  praeses  belli,  Tritonia  virgo, 
frange  manu  telum  Phrygii  praedonis,  et  ipsum 
pronum  sterna  solo  portisque  effunde  sub  altis."   485 
cingitur  ipse  furens  certatim  in  proelia  Turnus. 
iamque  adeo  rutilum  thoraca  indutus  aenis 

*^^  maniplos  Py^.  *^*  equites  P'Hy, 

*^^  firment  APE.     capessant  E. 

'^^  consilium  M'^.  *'^  quod  F*y. 

**''  mali  tantis  APb^:  malis  tantis  Eb^cK 

**^  praesens  M^P'y^,  Macrobiua. 

"'  Rutulum  MPy. 

266 


AENEID    BOOK   XI 

when,  by  Pcidusa's  fish-filled  stream,  hoarse-throated 
Bwans  scream  among  the  clamorous  pools.  "  Nay, 
citizens/'  cries  Turnus,  seizing  the  moment,  "con- 
vene a  council,  and  sit  praising  peace ;  yonder  they 
rush  upon  the  realm  in  arms."  No  more  he  spake,  but 
up  he  sj^rang,  and  sped  swiftly  forth  from  the  high 
halls.  "Thou,  Volusus,"  he  cries,  "bid  the  V^olscian 
squadrons  arm,  and  lead  out  the  Rutulians!  Thou, 
Messapus,  and  thou,  Coras,  with  thy  brother,  spread 
the  horsemen  under  arms  over  the  broad  plains.  Let 
some  guard  the  city  gates  and  man  the  towers ;  let 
the  rest  charge  with  me,  where  I  shall  command." 

*^*  At  once  from  all  the  city  there  is  a  rush  to  the 
walls.  Lord  Latinus  himself,  dismayed  by  the  disas- 
trous hour,  quits  the  council  and  postpones  his  high 
designs,  oft  chiding  himself  that  he  gave  not  ready 
welcome  to  Dardan  Aeneas,  nor,  for  his  city's  sake, 
adopted  him  as  son.  Others  dig  trenches  before  the 
gates  or  shoulder  stones  and  stakes.  The  hoarse 
clarion  gives  bloody  signal  for  battle.  Then  lo !  a 
motley  ring  of  matrons  and  boys  girdle  the  walls ; 
the  final  struggle  summons  all.  Moreover  the  queen, 
with  a  great  throng  of  mothers,  rides  ^  up  to  the 
temple  of  Pallas  and  her  towered  heights,  bearing 
gifts,  and  at  her  side  the  maid  Lavinia,  source  of  all 
that  woe,  her  beauteous  eyes  downcast.  Ascending, 
the  matrons  fill  the  temple  with  smoke  of  incense  and 
from  the  high  threshold  pour  sad  lamentations  :  "  O 
mighty  in  arms,  mistress  in  war,  Tritonian  maid, 
break  with  thine  hand  the  spear  of  the  Phrygian 
pirate,  hurl  him  prone  to  earth  and  stretch  him  pros- 
trate beneath  our  lofty  gates."  As  for  Turnus,  he, 
with  emulous  fury,  girds  himself  for  the  fray.  And 
now   he    has    donned    his    flashing    breastplate   and 

*  Even  as  the  Roman  matrons  rode  in  pilcrUa  in  their 
sacred  processions  (c/.  Aen.  viii.  G65). 

267 


VIRGIL 

horrebat  squamis  surasque  incluserat  auro, 
tempora  midiis  adhuc,  laterique  accinxerat  ensem, 
fulgebatque  alta  decurrens  aureus  arce  490 

exsultatque  animis  et  spe  iam  praecipit  hostem  : 
qualis  ubi  abniptis  fugit  praesepia  vinciis 
tandem  liber  equus  campoque  potitus  aperto 
aut  ille  in  pastus  armentaque  tendit  equarum 
aut  adsuetus  aquae  perfundi  flumine  noto  495 

emicat,  arrectisque  fremit  cervicibus  alte 
luxurians,  luduntque  iubae  per  colla^  per  armos. 

Obvia  cui  Volscorum  acie  comitante  Camilla 
occurrit  portisque  ab  equo  regina  sub  ipsis 
desiluit,  quam  tota  cohors  imitata  relictis  500 

ad  terram  defluxit  equis;  tum  talia  fatur: 
"  Turne,  sui  merito  si  qua  est  fiducia  forti^ 
audeo  et  Aeneadum  promitto  occurrere  turmae 
solaque  Tyrrhenes  equites  ire  obvia  contra, 
me  sine  prima  manu  temptare  pericula  belli,  505 

tu  pedes  ad  muros  subsiste  et  moenia  serva." 
Turnus  ad  baec,  oculos  horrenda  in  virgine  fixus  : 
"o  decus  Italiae  virgo,  quas  dicere  gratis 
quasve  referre  parem  ?  sed  nunc,  est  omnia  quando 
iste  animus  supra,  mecum  partire  laborem.  510 

Aeneas,  ut  fama  fidem  missique  reportant 
exploratores,  equitum  levia  improbus  arma 
praemisit,  quaterent  campos  ;  ipse  ardua  mentis 
per  deserta  iugo  superans  adventat  ad  urbem. 
furta  paro  belli  convexo  in  tramite  silvae,  515 

ut  bivias  armato  obsidam  milite  fauces, 
tu  Tjrrhenum  equitem  conlatis  excipe  signis ; 
tecum  acer  Messapus  erit  tunnaeque  Latinae 
Tiburtique  manus ;  ducis  et  tu  concipe  curam." 


"'  fix  is  3/ J.-  fixos7. 
'^"  siiperat  iP. 
268 


AENEID   BOOK   XI 

bristles  with  brazen  scales ;  his  legs  he  had  sheathed 
in  gold,  his  temples  are  yet  bare,  and  his  sword  he 
had  buckled  to  his  side.  Glittering  in  gold,  he  runs 
down  from  the  fortress  height ;  he  exults  in  courage, 
and  in  hope  even  now  seizes  the  foe — even  as,  when 
a  horse,  bursting  his  tether,  has  fled  the  stalls,  free 
at  last,  and  lord  of  the  open  plain,  either,  mark  you  ! 
he  makes  for  the  pastures  and  herds  of  mares,  or, 
wont  to  bathe  in  the  well-known  river,  lie  darts 
forth,  and  neighs,  with  head  out-stretched  high  in 
wanton  joy,  while  his  mane  plays  over  neck  and  over 
shoulder. 

^^s  To  meet  him  sped  Camilla,  attended  by  the 
Volscian  array,  and  hard  by  the  gates  the  queen 
leaped  from  her  horse ;  at  whose  example  all  her 
troop  quitted  their  steeds  and  glided  to  earth.  Then 
thus  she  speaks:  "Turnus,  if  the  brave  may  justly 
place  aught  of  trust  in  themselves,  I  dare  and  pro- 
mise to  face  Aeneas'  cavalry,  and  singly  ride  to  meet 
the  Tyrrhene  horse.  Suffer  this  hand  to  essay  war's 
first  perils ;  do  thou  on  foot  stay  by  the  walls  and 
guard  the  town."  To  this  Turnus,  with  eyes  fixed 
upon  the  dread  maid  :  "  O  maiden,  glory  of  Italy, 
what  thanks  shall  I  try  to  utter  or  repay  }  But  now, 
since  thy  s))irit  soars  above  all,  share  thou  with  me 
the  toil.  Aeneas — so  rumour  tells,  and  scouts  sent 
forth  report  the  tidings  true — has  insolently  thrown 
forward  his  light-armed  horse,  to  sweep  the  j)lains  ; 
himself,  o'crpassing  the  ridge,  marches  hy  the  moun- 
tain's lonely  steeps  upon  the  town.  Snares  of  war  I 
lay  in  an  over-arched  pathway  'mid  the  wood,  to 
block  with  armed  troops  the  gorge's  double  jaws. 
Do  thou  in  battle  array  await  the  Tyrrhene  horse  ; 
with  thee  shall  be  the  valiant  Messapus,  the  Latin 
squadrons,  and   Tiburtus'    troop :    take    thou    too   a 

269 


VIRGIL 

sic  ait  et  paribus  Messapum  in  proelia  dictis  520 

hortatur  sociosque  duces  et  pergit  in  hostem. 

Est  curvo  anfractu  valles,  accommoda  fraudi 
armorumque  dolls,  quam  densis  frondibus  atrum 
urget  utrimque  latus,  tenuis  quo  seraita  ducit 
angustaeque  ferunt  fauces  aditusque  maligni.         525 
banc  super  in  speculis  summoque  in  vertice  mentis 
planities  ignota  iacet  tutique  receptus, 
seu  dextra  laevaque  velis  occurrere  pugnae, 
sive  instare  iugis  et  grandia  volvere  saxa. 
hue  iuvenis  nota  fertur  regione  viarum  330 

arripuitque  locum  et  silvis  insedit  iniquis. 

Velocem  interea  superis  in  sedibus  Opim, 
unam  ex  virginibus  sociis  sacraque  caterva, 
compellabat  et  has  tristis  Latonia  voces 
ore  dabat :  "gi'aditur  bellum  ad  crudele  Camilla,  535 
o  virgo,  et  nostris  nequiquam  cingitur  armis, 
cara  mihi  ante  alias,  neque  enim  novus  iste  Dianae 
venit  amor  subitaque  animum  dulcedine  movit. 
pulsus  ob  invidiam  regno  virisque  superbas 
Priverno  antiqua  Metabus  cum  excederet  urbe,     540 
infantem  fugiens  media  inter  proelia  belli 
sustulit  exilio  comitem  matrisque  vocavit 
nomine  Casmillae,  mutata  parte,  Camillam. 
ipse  sinu  prae  se  portans  iuga  longa  petebat 
solorum  nemorum  ;  tela  undique  saeva  premebant  545 
et  circumfuso  volitabant  milite  Volsci. 
ecce  fugae  medio  summis  Amasenus  abundans 
spumabat  ripis ;  tantus  se  nubibus  imber 
ruperat.     ille,  innare  parans,  infantis  amore 


^^*  in  speculis]  in  omitted  R:  e  Py^. 
^*'  recessus  M^B,  hnoion  to  Servius. 
'^^  sacris  socia  E. 
"*  conpellat  R    tristi  B. 
270 


AENEID    BOOK    XI 

captain's  charge,"  This  said,  with  like  words  he 
heartens  Messapus  and  the  alUed  captains  to  battle, 
and  moves  against  the  foe. 

^22  There  lies  a  vale  with  sweeping  curve,  fit  site 
for  stratagems  and  wiles  of  war,  hemmed  in  on  either 
side  by  a  wall  black  with  dense  leafage.  Hither 
leads  a  narrow  path,  with  straitened  gorge  and 
jealous  approach.  Above  it,  amid  the  watch-towers 
of  the  mountain-top,  lies  a  hidden  plain  and  a  safe 
shelter,  whether  one  would  charge  from  right  or  left, 
or  take  stand  upon  the  ridge  and  roll  down  giant 
stones.  Hither  the  warrior  repairs  by  a  familiar  line 
of  road,  and,  seizing  his  ground,  sat  him  down  within 
the  perilous  woods.^ 

^"'■^  Meanwhile,  in  Heaven's  halls  Latona's  daughter 
addressed  fleet  Opis,  one  of  her  maiden  sisterhood 
and  sacred  band,  and  opened  her  lips  to  these  words 
of  sorrow :  "  Camilla  goes  forth  to  the  cruel  war,  O 
maiden,  and  vainly  girds  on  our  arms,  dear  as  she  is 
to  me  beyond  others.  For  no  new  love  is  this  that 
has  come  to  Diana  nor  sudden  the  spell  wherewith 
it  has  stirred  her  heart.  When,  driven  from  his 
realm  through  hatred  of  his  tyrant  might,  Metabus 
was  leaving  Privernum's  ancient  city,  as  he  fled  amid 
the  press  of  battle-strife,  he  took  with  him  his  infant 
child  to  share  his  exile,  and  called  her,  after  her 
mother  Casmilla's  name,  but  slightly  changed,  Camilla. 
The  father,  carrying  her  before  him  on  his  breast, 
sought  the  long  ridges  of  lonely  woodland  :  on  every 
side  pressed  fierce  weapons,  and  with  wide-spread 
soldiery  hovered  the  Volscians.  Lo  I  athwart  his 
flight,  Amasenus  was  foaming  in  flood  above  his 
highest  banks,  so  fierce  a  rain  had  burst  from  the 
clouds.  Fain  to  swim  the  stream,  he  is  checked  by 
*  i.e.  involving  peril  for  Aeneas. 

271 


VIRGIL 

tardatur  caroque  oneri  timet,     omnia  secuin  550 

versanti  subito  vix  haec  sententia  sedit : 
telura  immane  manu  valida  quod  forte  gerebat 
bellator,  solidum  nodis  et  robore  cocto, 
huie  natani,  libro  et  silvestri  subere  clausam, 
implicat  atque  habilem  mediae  circumligat  hastae ;  555 
quam  dextra  ingenti  librans  ita  ad  aetiiera  fatur : 
'  alma,  tibi  lianc^  nemorum  cultrix,  Latonia  virgo, 
ipse  pater  faraulam  voveo  ;  tua  prima  per  auras 
tela  tenens  supplex  hostem  fugit.    accipe,  tester, 
diva  tuam,  quae  nunc  dubiis  committitur  auris/    560 
dixit  et  adducto  contortum  hastile  lacerto 
immittit :  sonuere  undae,  rapidum  super  amnem 
infelix  fugit  in  iaculo  stridente  Camilla, 
at  Metabus,  magna  propius  iam  urgente  caterva, 
dat  sese  fluvio^  atque  hastam  cum  virgine  victor    565 
gramineOj  donum  Triviae,  de  caespite  vellit. 
non  ilium  tectis  ullae,  non  moenibus  urbes 
accepere,  neque  ipse  manus  feritate  dedisset : 
pastorum  et  soils  exegit  montibus  aevum. 
hie  natam  in  dumis  interque  horrentia  lustra  570 

armentalis  equae  mammis  et  lacte  ferino 
nutribat,  teneris  immulgens  ubera  labris. 
utque  pedum  primis  infans  vestigia  plantis 
institerat,  iaculo  palmas  armavit  acute 
spiculaque  ex  umero  parvae  suspendit  et  arcum.   575 
pro  crinali  auro,  pro  longae  tegmine  pallae 
tigridis  exuviae  per  dorsum  a  vertice  pendent, 
tela  manu  iam  tum  tenera  puerilia  torsit 
et  fundam  tereti  circum  caput  egit  habena 
Strymoniamque  gruem  aut  album  deiecit  olorem.   580 

«5»  ferebat  M*, 

"1  hue  R\ 

s'"  hiiic  P. 

•'*  armavit]  oueraut  h,  Serviua, 

272 


AENEID   BOOK   XI 

love  for  his  babe,  and  he  fears  for  his  precious 
burden.  Of  a  sudden,  as  he  inly  pondered  every 
course,  he  settled  on  this  reluctant  resolve :  the 
huge  spear,  which  the  warrior  haply  bore  in  his  stout 
hand,  hard-knotted  and  of  seasoned  oak — to  this  he 
fastens  his  child,  encased  in  bark  of  wild  cork-wood, 
and  bound  her  featly  round  the  centre  of  the  shaft ; 
then  poising  it  in  his  giant  hand,  thus  cries  to  the 
heavens:  'Gracious  one,  dweller  in  the  woodland, 
Latonian  maid,  this  child  I  vow  to  thy  service,  I  her 
father ;  thine  are  the  first  weapons  she  holds,  as 
through  the  air,  thy  suppliant,  she  flees  the  foe. 
Accept,  O  goddess,  I  implore,  for  thine  own,  her 
whom  now  I  commit  to  the  uncertain  breeze.'  He 
said,  and,  drawing  back  his  arm,  launches  the  spin- 
ning shaft :  loud  roared  the  waters,  over  the  rushing 
river  flees  hapless  Camilla  upon  the  whizzing  steel. 
But  Metabus,  now  that  a  great  band  pressed  closer 
upon  him,  plunges  into  the  flood,  and  in  triumph 
plucks  from  the  grassy  turf  his  offering  to  Trivia,  the 
spear  and  the  maid.  Him  no  cities  received  to  their 
homes  or  walls,  nor  in  his  wild  mood  would  he  him- 
self have  yielded  thereto :  amid  shepherds  and  on 
the  lone  mountains  he  passed  his  days.  Here  amid 
brakes  and  beasts'  rugged  lairs  he  nursed  his  child 
on  milk  at  the  breast  of  a  wild  mare  from  the  herd, 
squeezing  the  teats  into  her  tender  lips.  And  soon 
as  her  baby  feet  had  planted  her  earliest  steps,  he 
armed  her  hands  with  a  pointed  lance,  and  hung 
quiver  and  bow  from  her  little  shoulder.  In  place 
of  gold  to  clasp  her  hair,  in  place  of  long  trailing 
robe,  there  hang  from  her  head  adown  the  back  a 
tiger's  spoils.  Even  then  with  tender  hand  she 
hurled  her  childish  darts,  swung  round  her  head  the 
smooth-thonged  sling,  and  struck  down  Strymonian 

273 

VOL.  II.  T 


VIRGIL 

multae  illam  frustra  Tyrrhena  per  oppida  matres 
optavere  nurum  ;  sola  contenta  Diana 
aeternum  telorum  et  virginitatis  amorem 
intemerata  colit.     vellem  haud  correpta  fuisset 
militia  tali,  conata  lacessere  Teucros  :  585 

cara  mihi  comitumque  foret  nunc  una  mearum, 
verum  age,  quandoquidem  fatis  urgetur  acerbis, 
labere,  nympha,  polo  finisque  invise  Latinos, 
tiistis  ubi  infausto  committitur  omine  pugna. 
haec  cape  et  ultricem  pharetra  deprome  sagittam :  590 
liac,  quicumque  sacrum  violarit  volnere  corpus, 
Tros  Italusve,  mihi  pariter  det  sanguine  poenas. 
post  ego  nube  cava  miserandae  corpus  et  arma 
inspoliata  feram  tumulo  patriaeque  reponam." 
dixit :  at  ilia  levis  caeli  delapsa  per  auras  595 

insonuit,  nigro  circumdata  turbine  corpus. 

At  manus  interea  muris  Troiana  propinquat 
Etruscique  duces  equitumque  exercitus  omnis, 
conpositi  numero  in  turmas.     fremit  aequore  toto 
insultans  sonipes  et  pressis  pugnat  habenis  600 

hue  conversus  et  hue ;  tum  late  ferreus  hastis 
horret  ager  campique  armis  sublimibus  ardent, 
nee  non  Messapus  contra  celeresque  Latini 
et  cum  fratre  Coras  et  virginis  ala  Camillae 
adversi  campo  apparent  hastasque  reductis  605 

protendunt  longe  dextris  et  spicula  vibrant, 
adventusque  virum  fremitusque  ardescit  equoruro. 

•**  -ve  c,  Se7-vius:  -que  MPRyh  (in  the  last  over  an  erasure), 
*"*  demissa  PJlyc :  dimissa  b. 
•"1  obversus  E.  *"*  armis]  hastis  Py\ 

«»5  reductas  iP.  "«  praetendunt  AIK 

271 


AENEID    BOOK    XI 

crane  or  snowy  swan.  Many  a  mother  in  Tyrrhene 
towers  longed  for  her  as  daughter  in  vain ;  content 
with  Diana  alone,  she  cherishes  unsullied  a  lifelong 
love  for  her  weapons  and  her  maidenhood.  I  would 
that  she  had  not  been  swept  away  in  warfare  such  as 
this,  essaying  to  brave  the  Teucrians  :  so  were  she 
still  my  darling  and  a  sister  of  my  train.  But  come, 
seeing  tliat  untimely  doom  weighs  upon  her,  glide 
from  heaven,  O  nymph,  and  seek  the  Latin  borders, 
where  under  evil  omen  they  join  in  the  gloomy  fray. 
Take  these,^  and  draw  from  my  quiver  an  avenging 
shaft :  by  it  let  the  foe,  whoe'er  he  be,  Trojan  or 
Italian,  that  with  wound  shall  profane  her  sacred 
limbs,  pay  me  forfeit  in  like  manner  with  his  blood. 
Then  in  the  hollow  of  a  cloud  I  will  bear  body  and 
armour  of  the  hapless  maid  unspoiled  to  the  tomb, 
and  lay  them  away  in  her  own  land."  She  spoke; 
but  Opis  sped  down  with  whirring  sound  through 
heaven's  light  air,  her  form  enshrouded  in  black 
whirlwind. 

^^^  But  meanwhile  the  Trojan  band  draws  near  the 
walls,  with  the  Etruscan  chiefs  and  all  their  mounted 
array,  marshalled  by  number  into  squadrons.  The 
war-steed  prances  neighing  o'er  all  the  plain,  and, 
fighting  the  tight-drawn  rein,  swerves  hither  and 
thither  :  far  and  wide  the  field  bristles  with  the  steel 
of  spears,  and  the  plains  are  ablaze  with  uplifted 
arms.  Likewise,  over  against  them,  Messapus,  and 
the  fleet  Latins,  and  Coras  with  his  brother,  and 
maid  Camilla's  troop,  come  into  view,  confronting 
them  on  the  plain ;  with  hands  back-drawn  afar, 
they  thrust  the  lance  and  brandish  the  javelin ;  the 
marching  of  men  and  neighing  of  steeds  grows  fiery- 

•  I.e.  her  bow  aud  arrows. 

275 
T  2 


VIRGIL 

iamque  intra  iactum  teli  progressus  uterque 
substiterat :  subito  erumpunt  clamore  furentisque 
exhortantur  equos,  fundunt  simul  undique  tela     6lO 
crebra  nivis  ritu,  caelumque  obtexitur  umbra, 
continue  adversis  Tyrrhenus  et  acer  Aconteus 
conixi  incurrunt  hastis  primique  ruinam 
dant  sonitu  ingenti  perfractaque  quadrupedantum 
pectora  pectoribus  rumpunt :  excussus  Aconteus  6l5 
fulminis  in  morem  aut  tormento  ponderis  acti 
praecipitat  longe  et  vitam  dispergit  in  auras. 

Extemplo  turbatae  acies,  versique  Latini 
reiciunt  parmas  et  equos  ad  moenia  vertunt : 
Troes  agunt,  princeps  turmas  inducit  Asilas.  620 

iamque  propinquabant  portis,  rursusque  Latini 
clamoreni  tollunt  et  mollia  colla  rcHectunt ; 
hi  fugiunt  penitusque  datis  referuntur  habenis  : 
qualis  ubi  alterno  pi'ocurrens  gurgite  pontus 
nunc  ruit  ad  terram  scopulosque  superiacit  unda   625 
spumeus  extremamque  sinu  perfundit  harenam, 
nunc  rapidus  retro  atque  aestu  revoluta  resorbens 
saxa  fugit  litusque  vado  labente  relinquit : 
bis  Tusci  Rutulos  egere  ad  moenia  versos, 
bis  reiecti  armis  respectant  terga  tegentes.  630 

tertia  sed  postquam  congressi  in  proelia  totas 
implicuere  inter  se  acies  legitque  virum  vir, 
turn  vero  et  gemitus  morientum  et  sanguine  in  alto 
armaque  corporaque  et  permixti  caede  virorum 
semianimes  volvuntur  equi ;  pugna  aspera  surgit.  635 
Orsilochus  Remuli,  quando  ipsum  horrebat  adire, 
hastam  intorsit  equo  ferrumque  sub  aure  reliquit. 

«"  constiterant  JA  "'  ad%'ersi  MP*Ry. 

'"  ruina  P'  and  two  codices  Moretani  cittd  by  Ribhech. 
*^*  Bonitum   MPy^.     ingentem   Py^  {M  fiae  rainam   dant 
sonitum  ingenti).  *'*  procumbens  R. 

***  terraa  M.     suberigit  R,     uudam  y  Servitu. 

876 


AENEID    BOOK    XI 

fierce.  And  now  in  its  advance  each  host  had  halted 
within  spear-cast  of  each  ;  with  sudden  shout  they 
dash  forth,  and  spur  on  their  furious  steeds ;  at  once 
from  all  sides  they  shower  darts  as  thick  as  snow- 
flakes,  and  the  sky  is  veiled  in  shade.  Forthwith 
Tyrrhenus  and  fierce  Aconteus  charge  with  spears 
amain,  and  are  first  to  go  down  with  mighty  crash, 
breaking  and  shattering  their  chargers,  breast  against 
breast.  Aconteus,  flung  off"  like  thunderbolt  or  mass 
driven  forth  from  an  engine,  is  hurled  headlong  afar, 
and  scatters  his  life  into  the  air. 

^^*  Straightway  the  lines  waver,  and  the  Latins, 
routed,  cast  their  shields  behind  them,  and  turn 
their  horses  cityward.  The  Trojans  give  chase ; 
Asilas  in  the  van  leads  the  squadrons.  And  now  they 
were  drawing  nigh  the  gates,  when  again  the  Latins 
raise  their  shout,  and  wheel  about  their  chargers' 
supple  necks ;  the  others  flee,  and  retreat  afar  with 
loosened  rein :  as  when  ocean,  advancing  with  alter- 
nate flood,  now  rushes  shoreward,  dashes  o'er  the 
cliffs  in  a  wave  of  foam,  and  drenches  the  utmost 
sands  with  its  swelling  curve  ;  now  flees  in  fast  retreat 
and  in  its  surge  sucks  back  revolving  stones,  leaving 
the  strand  with  gliding  shoal.  Twice  the  Tuscans 
drove  the  routed  Rutulians  to  the  city ;  twice,  re- 
pulsed, they  glance  backwards,  as  they  sling  behind 
them  their  protecting  shields.  But  when,  clashing 
In  the  third  encounter,  the  whole  lines  stood  inter- 
locked, and  man  marked  man,  then  in  truth  rose 
groans  of  the  dying,  and  deep  in  blood  welter  arms 
and  bodies  and  horses,  wounded  unto  death,  and 
mingled  with  slaughtered  riders:  fierce  swells  the 
fight.  Orsilochus  hurled  a  lance  at  Rcmulus'  steed — 
for  its  lord  he  shrank  to  meet — and  left  the  steel 

«77 


VIRGIL 

quo  sonipes  ictu  furit  arduus  altaque  iactat 
volneris  irnpatiens  arrecto  pectore  crura, 
volvitur  ille  excussus  humi.     Catillus  lollan  640 

ingentemque  animis,  ingentem  corpora  et  armis, 
deicit  Herminium,  nudo  cui  vertice  fulva 
caesaries  nudique  umeri ;  nee  volnera  terrent ; 
tantus  in  arma  patet.     latos  huic  hasta  per  armos 
acta  tremit  duplicatque  virum  transfixa  dolore.        mr 
funditur  ater  ubique  cruor  ;  dant  funera  ferro        646 
certantes  pulchramque  petunt  per  volnera  mortem. 

At  medias  inter  caedes  exsultat  Amazon, 
unum  exserta  latus  pugnae,  pharetrata  Camilla, 
et  nunc  lenta  manu  spargens  hastilia  denset,  650 

nunc  validam  dextra  rapit  indefessa  bipennem ; 
aureus  ex  umero  sonat  arcus  et  arma  Dianae. 
ilia  etiam,  si  quando  in  tergum  pulsa  recessit, 
spicula  converso  fugientia  dirigit  arcu. 
at  circum  lectae  comites,  Larinaque  virgo  655 

Tullaque  et  aeratam  quatiens  Tarpeia  securim, 
Italides,  quas  ipsa  decus  sibi  dia  Camilla 
delegit  pacisque  bonas  bellique  ministras  : 
quales  Threiciae  cum  flumina  Thermodontis 
pulsant  et  pictis  bellantur  Amazones  armis,  660 

seu  circum  Hippolyten  seu  cum  se  Mai-tia  curru 
Penthesilea  refert,  magnoque  ululante  tumultu 
feminea  exsultant  lunatis  agmina  peltis. 

Quem  telo  primum,  quem  postremum,  aspera  virgo, 
deicis  ?  aut  quot  humi  morientia  corpora  fundis  ?  665 
Euneum  Clytio  primum  patre,  cuius  apertum 

"«  ferit  M^R         «"  tantum  E.        «*«  densat  ^nRy. 
•*'  in  tergum  si  quando  b,  Ribbed-. 
«"  diva  JiPy*c^ :  dura  H.  «"  bonae  ByK 

27» 


AENETD    BOOK    XI 

beneath  its  ear.  At  this  blow  the  charger  rears 
furious,  and,  brooking  not  the  wound,  with  chest 
uplifted  flings  his  legs  on  high ;  hurled  forth, 
Remulus  rolls  on  earth.  Catillus  strikes  down  lollas, 
and  Herminius,  giant  in  courage,  giant  in  body  and 
arms ;  on  his  bare  head  stream  his  yellow  locks,  and 
bare  are  his  shoulders ;  for  him  wounds  have  no 
terrors ;  so  vast  a  frame  ftices  the  steel.  Through 
his  broad  shoulders  the  driven  spear  comes  quiver- 
ing, and,  piercing  through,  bends  him  double  with 
anguish.  Everywhere  the  dark  blood  streams  ;  they 
deal  carnage,  clashing  with  the  sword,  and  seek 
amid  wounds  a  glorious  death. 

^^"  But  in  the  heart  of  the  slaughter,  like  an 
Amazon,  one  breast  bared  for  the  fray,  and  quiver- 
girt,  rages  Camilla ;  and  now  tough  javelins  she 
showers  thick  from  her  hand,  now  a  stout  battle-axe 
she  snatches  with  unwearied  grasp;  the  golden  bow, 
armour  of  Diana,  clangs  from  her  shoulders.  And 
even  if,  back  pressed,  she  withdraws,  she  turns  her 
bow  and  aims  darts  in  her  flight.  But  round  her  are 
her  chosen  comrades,  maiden  Larina  and  Tulla,  and 
Tarpeia,  shaking  an  axe  of  bronze,  daughters  of  Italy, 
whom  godlike  Camilla  herself  chose  to  be  her  pride, 
good  handmaids  both  in  peace  and  war.  Such  are 
the  Amazons  of  Thrace,  when  they  tramp  over 
Thermodon's  streams  and  war  in  blazoned  armour, 
whether  I'ound  Hippolyte,  or  when  Penthesilea, 
child  of  Mars,  returns  in  her  chariot,  and,  amid  loud 
tumultuous  cries,  the  woman-host  exult  with  cres- 
cent shields. 

664  Whom  first,  whom  last,  fierce  maid,  does  tliy 
dart  strike  down  ?  How  many  a  frame  dost  thou 
stretch  dying  on  earth  ?  First  Euneus,  son  of 
Clytius,  whose  unguarded  breast,  as  he  faces  her,  she 

279 


VIRGIL 

adversi  longa  transverberat  abiete  pectus. 
sanguinis  ille  vomens  vivos  cadit  atque  cruentam 
mandit  humum  moriensque  suo  se  in  volnere  versat. 
turn  Lirim  Pagasumque  super  :  quorum  alter  habenas 
suffosso  revolutus  equo  dum  colligit,  alter  671 

dum  subit  ac  dextram  labenti  tendit  inermem, 
praecipites  pariterque  ruunt.  his  addit  Amastrum 
Hippotaden,  sequiturque  incumbens  eminus  hasta 
Tereaque     Harpalycumque     et      Demophoonta 

Chromimque ;  675 

quotque  emissa  manu  contorsit  spicula  virgo, 
tot  Phrygii  cecidere  viri.     procul  Ornytus  armis 
ignotis  et  equo  venator  lapyge  fertur, 
cui  pellis  latos  umeros  erepta  iuvenco 
pugnatori  operit,  caput  ingens  oris  hiatus  680 

et  malae  texere  lupi  cum  dentibus  albis, 
agrestisque  manus  armat  sparus ;  ipse  catervis 
vertitur  in  mediis  et  toto  vertice  supra  est. 
hunc  ilia  exceptum  (neque  enim  labor  agmine  verso) 
traicit  et  super  haec  inimico  pectore  fatur :  685 

"  silvis  te,  Tyrrhene,  feras  agitare  putasti  ? 
advenit  qui  vestra  dies  muliebribus  armis 
verba  redarguerit.   nomen  tamen  hand  leve  patrum 
manibus  hoc  referes,  telo  cecidisse  Camillae." 
Protinus  Orsilochum  et  Buten,  duo  maxima 

Teucrum  690 

corpora  :  sed  Buten  aversum  cuspide  fixit  mpr 

loricam  galeamque  inter,  qua  colla  sedentis 
lucent  et  laevo  dependet  parma  lacerto ; 
Orsilochum  fugiens  magnumque  agitata  per  orbem 
eludit  gyro  interior  sequiturque  sequentem:  695 

tum  validam  perque  arma  viro  perque  ossa  securim, 
altior  exsurgens,  oranti  et  multa  precanti 

•"  suffuso  M*r^y,  preferred  by  Servitis.         *'*  inertem  7. 
*"  redargueret  i/iii;{T)7 ;  redarguerit  Prtsctan. 
280 


AENEID   BOOK   XI 

pierces  through  with  her  long  pine-shaft.  Spouting 
streams  of  blood,  he  falls,  bites  the  gory  dustj  and, 
dying,  writhes  upon  his  wound.  Then  Liris  she 
fells,  and  Pagasus  above  him  :  while  one,  thrown 
from  his  stabbed  horse,  gathers  up  the  reins,  and 
the  other,  coming  up,  stretches  an  unharmed  hand 
to  stay  his  fall,  headlong  they  fall  together.  To 
these  she  adds  Amastrus,  son  of  Hippotas ;  and, 
bending  to  the  task,  she  follows  from  far  with  her 
spear  Tereus,  and  Harpalycus,  and  Demophoon,  and, 
Chromis ;  and  as  many  darts  as  she  sent  spinning 
from  her  hand,  so  many  Phrygians  fell.  At  a  dis- 
tance rides  the  hunter  Ornytus  in  strange  armour  on 
an  lapygian  steed :  a  hide  stripped  from  a  fighting 
steer  swathes  his  broad  shoulders,  his  head  is  shielded 
by  a  wolf's  huge  gaping  mouth  and  white-fanged 
jaws,  and  his  hand  is  armed  with  rustic  pike  ;  himself 
he  moves  in  the  midmost  ranks,  a  full  head  above 
all.  Him  she  caught— for  easy  it  was  amid  the  rout — 
and  pierced,  then  above  him  thus  cries  with  pitiless 
heart:  "Tuscan,  didst  thou  think  thou  wert  chasing 
beasts  in  the  forests?  The  day  is  come  that  with 
woman's  weapons  shall  refute  the  vaunts  of  thee  and 
thine.  Yet  no  slight  renown  is  this  thou  shalt  carry 
to  thy  father's  shades — to  have  fallen  by  the  spear 
of  Camilla  1 " 

^^^*  Next  she  slays  Orsilochus  and  Butes,  two  Teu- 
crians  of  mightiest  frame.  Butes  she  pierced  with 
spear-point  in  the  back,  'twixt  corslet  and  helm, 
where  the  rider's  neck  gleams,  and  the  shield  hangs 
from  the  left  arm ;  Orsilochus  she  flees,  and,  chased 
in  a  wide  circle,  foils  him,  wheels  into  an  inner  ring 
and  pursues  the  pursuer;  then  rising  higher,  she 
drives  her  strong  axe  again  and  again  through  armour 
and  through  bone,  albeit  he  implores  and  prays  oft 

281 


VIRGIL 

congeminat ;  volnus  calido  rigat  ora  cerebro. 
incidit  huic  subitoque  aspectu  territus  haesit 
Appenninicolae  bellator  filius  Auni,  700 

baud  Ligurum  extremus,  dum  fallere  fata  sinebant. 
isque  ubi  se  nullo  iam  cursu  evadere  pugnae 
posse  neque  instantem  reginam  avertere  cernit, 
consiHo  versare  dolos  ingressus  et  astu 
incipit  haec  :  "  quid  tam  egregium,  si  femina  forti  705 
fidis  equo  ?  dimitte  fugam  et  te  comminus  aequo 
mecum  crede  solo  pugnaeque  accinge  pedestri : 
iam  nosces,  ventosa  ferat  cui  gloria  fraudem." 
dixit,  at  ilia  furens  acrique  accensa  dolore 
tradit  equum  comiti  paribusque  resistit  in  armis,  710 
ense  pedes  nudo  puraque  interrita  parma. 
at  iuvenis,  vicisse  dolo  ratus,  avolat  ipse 
(baud  mora)  conversisque  fugax  aufertur  babenis 
quadrupedemque  citum  ferrata  calce  fatigat. 
"vane  Ligus  frustraque  animis  elate  superbis,        715 
nequiquam  patrias  temptasti  lubricus  artis, 
nee  fraus  te  incolumem  fallaci  perferet  Auno." 
haec  fatur  virgo,  et  pernicibus  ignea  plantis 
transit  equum  cursu  frenisque  adversa  prehensis 
congreditur  poenasque  inimico  ex  sanguine  sumit :  720 
quam  facile  accipiter  saxo  sacer  ales  ab  alto 
consequitur  pinnis  sublimem  in  nube  columbam 
comprensamque  tenet  pedibusque  eviscerat  uncis  ; 
tum  cruor  et  volsae  labuntur  ab  aethere  plumae. 
At  non  haec  nullis  hominura  sator  atque  deorum 
observans  oculis  summo  sedet  altus  Olympo.  726 

'"*  laudem  M*P  (in  an  trasurt). 
282 


AENEID    BOOK    XI 

for  mercy ;  the  wound  spatters  the  face  with  warm 
brain.  Now  fell  in  her  way,  and  paused  in  terror  at 
the  sudden  vision,  the  warrior  son  of  Aunus,  dweller 
upon  the  Apennine,  not  the  meanest  in  Liguria, 
while  Fate  allowed  him  to  deceive.^  He,  when  he 
sees  that  by  no  fleetness  can  he  escape  combat  or 
turn  the  queen  from  her  onset,  essaying  to  ply  guile 
with  policy  and  craft,  thus  begins :  "  What  great 
glory  is  it,  if  thou,  though  a  woman,  trustest  in  thy 
strong  steed  ?  Away  with  flight ;  dare  to  meet  me 
hand  to  hand  on  equal  ground,  and  gird  thee  to 
fight  afoot ;  soon  shalt  thou  know  to  whom  vainglory 
brings  bane."  He  spake,  but  she,  furious  and  burning 
with  the  bitter  smart,  passes  her  horse  to  a  comrade 
and  confronts  him  in  equal  arms,  afoot  and  unafraid, 
with  naked  sword  and  shield  unblazoned.  But  the 
youth,  deeming  he  had  won  by  guile,  himself  darts 
away,  pausing  not,  and  turning  his  bridle  rushes  off 
in  flight,  goading  his  charger  to  speed  with  iron  spur. 
"  Foolish  Ligurian,  vainly  puffed  up  in  pride  of  heart, 
for  naught  hast  thou  tried  thy  slippery  native  tricks, 
nor  shall  thy  lies  take  thee  home  unscathed  to  lying 
Annus  !  "  So  cries  the  maiden,  and,  with  fleet  foot, 
swift  as  lightning,  crosses  the  horse's  path,  and, 
seizing  the  reins,  meets  him  face  to  face  and  takes 
vengeance  from  his  hated  blood  :  ligiitly  as  a  falcon, 
bird  of  prophecy,  darting  from  a  lofty  rock,  o'ertakes 
on  her  wings  a  dove  in  a  cloud  aloft,  then  holds  her 
in  his  clutch  and  with  crooked  claws  tears  out  her 
heart,  while  blood  and  rent  plumage  flutter  from  the 
sky. 

"25  But  not  with  unseeing  eyes  the  Sire  of  gods  and 
men   sits   throned   on   high   Olympus,   viewing  the 

^  The  Ligurians  were  notorious  liars,  and  so  long  as  he 
lived  he  was  conspicuous  among  them. 

283 


VIRGIL 

Tyrrhenum  genitor  Tarchonem  in  proelia  saeva 
suscitat  et  stimulis  baud  mollibus  incutit  iras. 
ergo  inter  caedes  cedentiaque  agmina  Tarchon 
fertur  equo  variisque  instigat  vocibus  alas,  730 

nomine  quemque  vocans,  reficitque  in  proelia  pulsos. 
'^  quis  metus,  o  numquam  dolituri,  o  semper  inertes 
Tjrrbeni,  quae  tanta  animis  ignavia  venit  ? 
femina  palantis  agit  atque  baec  agmina  vertit  ? 
quo  ferrum  quidve  baec  gerimus  tela  inrita  dextris  ? 
at  non  in  Venerem  segnes  nocturnaque  bella         736 
aut  ubi  curva  cboros  indixit  tibia  Baccbi.  MR 

exspectate  dapes  et  plenae  pocula  mensae 
(bic  amor,  lioc  studium)^  dum  sacra  secundus  baruspex 
nuntiet  ac  luces  vocet  bostia  pinguis  in  altos."       740 
baec  effatus  equum  in  medios,  moriturus  et  ipse, 
concitat  et  Venulo  adversum  se  turbidus  infert 
dereptumque  ab  equo  dextra  complectitur  bostem 
et  greniium  ante  suum  multa  vi  concitus  aufert. 
tollitur  in  caelum  clamor  cunctique  Latini  745 

convertere  oculos.    volat  igneus  aequore  Tarcbon, 
arma  virumque  ferens  ;  tum  summa  ipsius  ab  basta 
defringit  ferrum  et  partis  rimatur  apertas, 
qua  volnus  letale  ferat ;  contra  ille  repugnans 
sustinet  a  iugulo  dextram  et  vim  viribus  exit.         750 
utque  volans  alte  raptum  cum  fulva  draconem 
fert  aquila  implicuitque  pedes  atque  unguibus  baesit ; 
saucius  at  serpens  sinuosa  volumina  versat 
arrectisque  borret  squamis  et  sibilat  ore, 
arduus  insurgens ;  ilia  baud  minus  urget  obunco  755 


'**  incitat  MPyh:  inicit  Ec:  incutit  Heinmis. 
»3«  exspectare  inferior  MSS.  '**  offert  Ry. 

284 


AENEID    BOOK    XI 

scene.  He  rouses  Tyrrhenian  Tarchon  to  the  fierce 
fray,  and  pricks  him  to  wrath  by  no  gentle  spur. 
So,  amid  the  slaughter  and  wavering  columns,  Tar- 
chon rides,  and  goads  his  squadrons  with  diverse 
cries,  calling  each  man  by  name,  and  rallying  the 
routed  to  the  fight.  "  What  fear,  ye  Tuscans,  never 
to  be  stung  by  shame,  sluggards  always,  what  utter 
cowardice  has  fallen  on  your  hearts?  Does  a  woman 
drive  you  in  disorder  and  rout  these  ranks  ?  To 
what  end  bear  we  the  sword?  or  why  these  idle 
weapons  in  our  hands  ?  But  not  laggard  are  ye 
for  love  and  nightly  frays,  or  when  the  curved 
flute  proclaims  the  Bacchic  dance.  Look  to  the 
feasts  and  the  cups  on  the  loaded  board  (this  your 
passion,  this  your  delight!)  till  the  favouring  seer 
announce  the  sacrifice,  and  the  fat  victim  call  you  to 
the  deep  groves !  "  So  saying,  he  spurs  his  horse 
into  the  midst,  ready  himself  also  to  die,  and  charges 
like  whirlwind  full  upon  Venulus;  then  tearing  the 
foe  from  his  steed,  grips  him  with  his  right  hand, 
clasps  him  to  his  breast,  and  spurring  with  miglit 
and  main,  carries  him  ofl^.  A  shout  uprises  to 
heaven,  as  all  the  Latins  turned  their  eyes  upon  the 
sight.  Like  lightning  flies  Tarchon  along  the  plain, 
the  arms  and  the  man  before  him ;  then  from  the 
head  of  his  foe's  spear  breaks  off  tlie  steel,  and 
searches  for  an  unguarded  place,  where  he  may  deal 
a  deadly  wound ;  the  other,  struggling  against  him, 
keeps  the  hand  from  off"  his  throat  and  baffles  force 
with  force.  And,  as  when  a  tawny  eagle,  soaring 
on  high,  carries  a  serpent  she  has  caught,  her  feet 
entwined  and  her  claws  clinging  tight,  but  the 
wounded  snake  writhes  its  sinuous  coils,  and  rears 
its  bristling  scales,  and  hisses  with  its  mouth,  tower- 
ing aloft ;  she  no  less  with  crooked  beak  assails  her 

285 


VIRGIL 

luctantem  rostro,  simul  aethera  verberat  alis  ; 
haud  aliter  praedam  Tiburtum  ex  agmine  Tarchon      m 
portat  ovans.  ducis  exemplum  eventumque  secuti 
Maeonidae  incurrunt.     turn  fatis  debitus  Arruns 
velocem  iaculo  et  multa  prior  arte  Camillam  76o 

circuit  et,  quae  sit  fortuna  facillima,  temptat. 
qua  se  cumque  furens  medio  tulit  agmine  virgo, 
hac  Arruns  subit  et  tacitus  vestigia  lustrat ; 
qua  victrix  redit  ilia  pedemque  ex  hoste  reportat, 
hac  iuvenis  furtim  celeris  detorquet  habenas.         765 
hos  aditus  iamque  hos  aditus  omnemque  pererrat 
undique  circuitum  et  certam  quatit  improbus  hastam. 

Forte  sacer  Cybelo  Chloreus  olinique  sacerdos 
insignis  longe  Phrygiis  fulgebat  in  armis 
spumantemque  agitabat  equum,  quern  pellis  aenis  770 
in  plumam  squamis  auro  conserta  tegebat. 
ipse  peregrina  ferrugine  clarus  et'ostro 
spicula  torquebat  Lycio  Gortynia  cornu  ; 
aureus  ex  umeris  erat  arcus  et  aurea  vati 
cassida ;  tum  croceam  chlamydemque  sinusque 

crepantis  775 

carbaseos  fulvo  in  nodum  collegerat  auro, 
pictus  acu  tunicas  et  barbara  tegmina  crurum. 
hunc  virgo,  sive  ut  tempi  is  praefigeret  arma 
Troia,  captivo  sive  ut  se  ferret  in  auro, 
venati'ix  unum  ex  omni  certamine  pugnae  780 

caeca  sequebatur  totumque  incauta  per  agnien 
femineo  praedae  et  spoliorum  ardebat  amore, 

788  Cybelo  Mbc,  Servius :  Cybele  y :  Cybelae  Macrobiiu. 
"*  uniero  y.     erat]  sonat  ya^c. 
286 


AENEID   BOOK    XI 

struggling  victim,  while  her  wings  flap  the  air :  even 
so  from  the  Tiburtian  line  Tarchon  carries  off  his 
prey  in  triumph.  Following  their  chiefs  example  and 
success,  Maeonia's  sons  make  onslaught.  Then 
Arruns,  due  to  his  fate,  circles  round  fleet  Camilla 
with  javelin  and  deep  cunning — in  this  surpassing 
her^ — and  tries  what  chance  may  be  easiest.  Wher- 
ever the  infuriate  maid  dashed  amid  the  ranks, 
there  Arruns  creeps  up  and  silently  tracks  her  foot- 
steps ;  where  she  returns  victorious  and  retires 
from  the  foe,  there  the  youth  stealthily  turns  his 
swift  reins.  This  approach  he  essays,  and  now  that, 
and  traverses  the  whole  circuit  round  about,  the  un- 
erring spear  quivering  in  his  relentless  hand. 

"^^  It  chanced  that  Chloreus,  sacred  to  Cybelus,'^ 
and  once  a  priest,  glittered  resplendent  afar  in 
Phrygian  armour,  and  spurred  his  foaming  charger, 
whose  covering  was  a  skin,  plumed  with  brazen  scales 
and  clasped  with  gold.  Himself  ablaze  in  the  deep 
hue  of  foreign  purple,  he  launched  Gortynian  shafts 
from  Lycian  bow  :  golden  was  that  bow  upon  his 
shoulders,  and  golden  was  the  seer's  helmet ;  his 
saffi'on  scarf  and  its  rustling  linen  folds  were  gathered 
into  a  knot  by  yellow  gold ;  embroidered  with  the 
needle  were  his  tunic  and  barbaric  hose.  Him, 
whether  in  hope  to  fasten  on  temple-gate  Trojan 
arms,  or  to  flaunt  herself  in  golden  spoil,  the  maiden, 
singling  out  from  all  the  battle  fray,  blindly  pursued 
in  huntress  fashion,  and  recklessly  raged  through  all 
the  ranks  with  a  woman's  passion  for  booty  and  for 

1  Others  take  prior  as  meaning  "  before  he  strikes,"  or, 
like  (pQaaas,  "anticipating  her." 

^  As  Servius  says,  Cybelus  the  mountain  is  here  put  for 
the  deity  worshipped  upon  it.  Editors  commonly  read 
"  Cybelae,"  but  the  authority  for  this  is  weak. 

287 


VIRGIL 

telum  ex  insidiis  cum  tandem  tempore  capto  MP 

concitat  et  superos  Arruns  sic  voce  precatur : 
"  summe  deum,  sancti  custos  Soractis  Apollo,         785 
quern  primi  colimuSj  cui  pineus  ardor  acervo 
pascitur  et  medium  freti  pietate  per  ignem 
cultores  multa  premimus  vestigia  pruna, 
da,  pater,  hoc  nostris  aboleri  dedecus  armis, 
omnipotens.     non  exuvias  pulsaeve  tropaeum        790 
virginis  aut  spolia  ulla  peto  :  mihi  cetera  laud  em 
facta  ferent ;  haec  dira  meo  dum  volnere  pestis 
pulsa  cadat,  patrias  remeabo  inglorius  urbes."        mpr 

Audiit  et  voti  Phoebus  succedere  partem 
mente  dedit,  partem  volucris  dispersit  in  auras :    795 
sterneret  ut  subita  turbatam  morte  Camillam, 
adnuit  oranti ;  reducem  ut  patria  alta  videret, 
non  dedit,  inque  Notos  vocem  vertere  procellae. 
ergo  ubi  missa  manu  sonitum  dedit  hasta  per  auras, 
convertere  animos  acris  oculosque  tulere  800 

cuncti  ad  reginam  Volsci.     nihil  ipsa  nee  aurae 
nee  sonitus  memor  aut  venientis  ab  aethere  teli, 
hasta  sub  exsertam  donee  perlata  papillam 
haesit,  virgineumque  alte  bibit  acta  cruorem. 
concurrunt  trepidae  coniites  dominamque  ruentem 
suscipiunt.     fugit  ante  omnis  exterritus  Arruns,   806 
laetitia  mixtoque  metu,  nee  iam  amplius  hastae 
credere  nee  telis  occurrere  virginis  audet. 
ac  velut  ille,  prius  quam  tela  inimica  sequantur, 

'"  primia  /'.  "*  votia  Macrobius. 

"»  ubi]  ut  M^PR.  "1  auras  6c«,  Serviua. 

288 


AENEID    BOOK    XI 

spoil :  when  at  length,  seizing  the  chance,  Arrujis 
from  amlnish  summons  his  lance,  and  thus  prays 
aloud  to  Heaven : 

785  "Apollo,  most  high  of  gods,  guardian  of  holy 
Soracte,  whose  chief  worshippers  are  we,  for  whom 
is  fed  the  blaze  of  the  pine-wood  heap,  while  we  thy 
votaries^  passing  in  strength  of  faith  amid  the  fire, 
plant  our  steps  on  the  deep  embers  ^ — grant  that  this 
shame  be  effaced  by  our  arms,  O  Father  Almighty  ! 
I  seek  no  plunder,  no  trophy  of  the  maid's  defeat, 
nor  any  spoils ;  other  feats  shall  bring  me  fame ;  so 
but  this  dread  scourge  fall  stricken  beneath  my  blow, 
inglorious  I  will  return  to  the  cities  of  my  sires." 

^^*  Phoebus  heard,  and  in  his  heart  vouchsafed 
that  half  his  prayer  should  prosper ;  half  he  scattered 
to  the  flying  breezes.  To  o'erthrow  and  strike  down 
Camilla  in  sudden  death,  he  yielded  to  his  prayer; 
that  his  noble  country  should  see  his  return  he 
granted  not,  and  the  blasts  bore  his  accents  to  the 
southern  gales.  Therefore,  when  the  spear,  sped 
from  his  hand,  whizzed  through  the  air,  all  the  Vol- 
scians  turned  their  eager  eyes  and  minds  upon  the 
queen.  She  herself,  neither  of  air,  nor  of  sound,  nor 
of  Aveapon  coming  from  the  sky  recked  aught,  till  the 
spear,  borne  home,  beneath  the  bare  breast  found 
lodging,  and,  driven  deep,  drank  her  maiden  blood. 
In  alarm,  her  comrades  hurry  around  her,  and  catch 
their  falling  queen.  Startled  above  all,  Arruns  flees 
in  mingled  joy  and  fear,  and  no  more  dares  he  to 
trust  his  lance,  or  to  meet  the  maiden's  weapons. 
And  lo  !  even  as  the  wolf,  when  he  has  slain  a  shep- 
herd or  a  great  steer,  ere  hostile  darts  can  pursue 

'  In  the  ancient  rites  on  Mount  Soracte,  the  worshippera 
walked  three  times  through  a  pine-fire,  carrying  offerings  to 
the  god.     Of.  Pliny,  Nat.  Hkt.  vii.  2,  19. 

289 

VOL.    II.  V 


VIRGIL 

contimio  in  montis  sese  avius  abdidit  altos  810 

occiso  pastore  lupus  magnove  iuvenco, 

conscius  audacis  facti^  caudamque  remulcens 

subiecit  pavitantem  utero  silvasque  petivit : 

haud  secus  ex  oculis  se  turbidus  abstulit  Arruns 

contentusque  fuga  mediis  se  immiscuit  armis.        815 

ilia  manu  moriens  telum  trahit,  ossa  sed  inter 

ferreus  ad  costas  alto  stat  volnere  mucro. 

labitur  exsanguis,  labuntur  frigida  leto 

lumina,  purpureus  quondam  color  ora  reliquit. 

turn  sic  exspirans  Accam,  ex  aequalibus  unam,      820 

adloquitur,  fida  ante  alias  quae  sola  Camillae, 

quicum  partiri  curas,  atque  haec  ita  fatur : 

"  hactenus,  Acca  soror,  potui ;  nunc  volnus  acerbura 

conficit  et  tenebris  nigrescunt  omnia  circum. 

efFuge  et  haec  Turno  mandata  novissima  perfer :  825 

succedat  pugnae  Troianosque  arceat  urbe. 

iamque  vale."    simul  his  dictis  linquebat  habenas, 

ad  terram  non  sponte  fluens.     turn  frigida  toto 

paulatim  exsolvit  se  corpora  lentaque  colla 

et  captum  Leto  posuit  caput,  arma  relinquens,      830 

vitaque  cum  gemitu  fugit  indignata  sub  umbras. 

turn  vero  immensus  surgens  ferit  aurea  clamor 

sidera  :  deiecta  crudescit  pugna  Camilla ; 

incurrunt  densi  simul  omnis  copia  Teucrum 

Tyrrhenique  duces  Euandrique  Arcades  alae.         835 

At  Triviae  custos  iamdudum  in  montibus  Opis 
alta  sedet  summis  spectatque  interrita  pugnas ; 
utque  procul  medio  iuvenum  in  clamore  furentum 

*^'  relinquit  c. 

"1  fidam  M^Py^:  fida  ^P■Rc,  Strvius. 

8"  quacum  P»7«c.        "«  urbi  P^R. 

^^"  relinquens  M  {correcUd  from  relinquit)  Py :  reliquit  H . 
relinquunt  Probus,  according  to  Servhi4. 

8S5  Tyrrhenumque  if.  *^*  iuvenem  P^y*.  furentem  3Iy*, 
290 


AENEID    BOOK    XI 

him,  straightway  plunges  by  pathless  ways  among  the 
high  mountains,  conscious  of  a  I'eckless  deed,  and 
slackening  his  tail  claps  it  quivering  beneath  his 
belly,  and  seeks  the  woods  :  even  so  does  Arruns,  in 
confusion,  steal  away  from  sight,  and,  bent  on  flight, 
plunges  amidst  the  armed  throng.  She,  with  dying 
hand,  tugs  at  the  dart ;  but  between  the  bones  the 
iron  point  stands  fast  beside  the  ribs  within  the  deep 
wound.  Bloodless  she  sinks ;  her  eyes  sink,  chill 
with  death ;  the  once  radiant  hue  has  left  her  face. 
Then,  as  her  breath  fails,  she  thus  accosts  Acca,  a 
maiden  of  equal  years  and  true  to  Camilla  beyond  all 
else,  sole  sharer  of  her  cares,  and  thus  she  speaks : 
"Thus  far,  sister  Acca,  has  my  strength  availed; 
now  the  bitter  wound  o'erpowers  me,  and  all  around 
gi'ows  dim  and  dark.  Haste  away,  and  bear  to 
Turnus  this  my  latest  charge,  to  take  my  place  in 
the  battle,  and  ward  the  Trojans  from  the  town. 
And  now  farcAvell ! "  With  these  words  she  dropped 
the  reins,  gliding  helplessly  to  earth.  Then,  growing 
chill,  she  slowly  freed  herself  from  all  the  body's 
bonds,  drooped  her  nerveless  neck  and  the  head 
which  Death  had  seized,  letting  fall  her  weapons  : 
and  with  a  moan  life  passed  indignant  to  the  Shades 
below.  Then  indeed  a  boundless  uproar  rose, 
striking  the  golden  stars :  Camilla  fallen,  the  fight 
waxes  fiercer;  on  they  rush  in  crowds  together,  all 
the  Teucrian  host,  the  Tyrrhene  chiefs,  and  Evan- 
der's  Arcadian  squadrons. 

836  But  Opis,  Trivia's  sentinel,  has  long  been  seated 
high  on  the  mountain  top,  and,  undismayed,  watches 
the  combat.      And   when   far  off,  amid   the  din   of 

291 
V  2 


VIRGIL 

prospexit  tristi  mulcataiu  morte  Caraillam, 
ingemuitqiie  deditque  has  imo  pectore  voces :  840 
"heu  nimium,  virgo,  nimium  crudele  luisti 
supplicium,  Teucros  conata  lacessere  bello  ! 
nee  tibi  desertae  in  dumis  coluisse  Dianam 
profuit  aut  nostras  umero  gessisse  sagittas. 
non  tamen  indecorem  tua  te  regina  reliquit  845 

extrema  iam  in  moi'te,  neque  hoc  sine  nomine  letum 
per  gentis  erit  aut  famam  patieris  inultae. 
nam  quicumque  tuum  violavit  vohiere  corpus, 
morte  luet  merita."     fuit  ingens  monte  sub  alto 
regis  Dercenni  terreno  ex  aggere  bustum  850 

antiqui  Laurentis  opacaque  ilice  tectum  ; 
hie  dea  se  primum  rapido  pulcherrima  nisu 
sistit  et  Arruntem  tumulo  speculatur  ab  alto, 
ut  vidit  laetantem  animis  ac  vana  tumentem, 
"cur/'  inquit,  "  diversus  abis  ?  hue  derige  gressum,  855 
hue  periture  veni,  capias  ut  digna  Camillae 
praemia.     tune  etiam  telis  moriere  Dianae  ?  " 
dixit  et  aurata  volucrem  Threissa  sagittam  fmpr 

deprompsit  pharetra  cornuque  infensa  tetendit 
et  duxit  longe,  donee  curvata  coirent  860 

inter  se  capita  et  manibus  iam  tangeret  acquis, 
laeva  aciem  ferri,  dextra  nervoque  papillam. 
extemplo  teli  stridorem  aurasque  sonantis 
audiit  una  Arruns  haesitque  in  corpore  ferrum. 
ilium  exspirantem  socii  atque  exti'ema  gementem  865 
obliti  ignoto  camporum  in  pulvere  linquunt ; 
Opis  ad  aetherium  pinnis  aufertur  Olympum. 

Prima  fugit  domina  amissa  levis  ala  Camillae, 
turbati  fugiunt  Rutuli,  fugit  acer  Atinas, 

^'^  mulcatam  MPEy^bc*,  Serviu» :  multatam  c*. 
***  sagittas  jl/;  pharetras  P^-y. 

**^  relinquet  Pyb^c  :  relinquit  h\  ^^-  dea]  ea  ^P. 
***  laetantem  animis  iP  :  fulgentem  annis  J^PPHy. 
»"  Camilla  K 

S92 


AENEID    BOOK   XI 

raging  warriors,  she  espied  Camilla  done  piteously  to 
death,  she  sighed  and  from  her  heart's  depth  uttered 
these  words  :  "Alas  !  too  cruel,  too  cruel,  O  maiden, 
the  forfeit  thou  hast  paid  for  essaying  to  brave  the 
Teucrians  in  battle  !  Naught  has  it  availed  thee,  all 
lonely  mid  the  wilds,  to  have  served  Diana,  or  to 
have  carried  our  shafts  upon  thy  shoulder.  Yet  thy 
queen  has  not  left  thee  unhonoured  even  in  death's 
last  hour ;  nor  shall  this  thy  doom  be  without  renown 
among  the  nations,  nor  shalt  thou  bear  the  reproach  of 
one  unavenged  ;  for  whoso  hath  with  wound  profaned 
thy  limbs  shall  pay  the  debt  of  death."  Under  the 
mountain  height  stood  a  mound  of  earth,  the  mighty 
tomb  of  Dercennus,  Laurentine  king  of  old,  screened 
by  shadowy  ilex ;  here  first  the  beauteous  goddess, 
with  swift  spring,  plants  her  feet,  and  from  the 
barrow's  height  espies  Arruns.  When  she  saw  him 
exulting  in  spirit  and  swelling  with  pride :  "  Why," 
she  cries,  "strayest  so  far?  Hither  turn  thy  steps, 
hither  come  to  thy  death  and  for  Camilla  receive  due 
guerdon  !  Shalt  thou,  even  thou,  die  by  Diana's 
darts?"  So  spake  the  Thracian  nymph,  and  from 
gilded  quiver  plucked  a  winged  shaft,  stretched  the 
bow  with  fell  intent,  and  drew  it  far,  till  the  curving 
ends  should  meet  together  and,  with  levelled  hands, 
she  should  touch  the  steel's  point  with  her  left, 
her  breast  with  her  right  and  with  the  bow-string. 
Straightway,  at  the  selfsame  moment,  Arruns  heard 
the  whistling  dart  and  whirring  air,  and  the  steel 
was  lodged  in  his  breast.  Him,  gasping  and  moan- 
ing his  last,  his  forgetful  comrades  leave  on  the 
unknown  dust  of  the  plain ;  Opis  wings  her  way  to 
heavenly  Olympus. 

868  First  flees,  their  mistress  lost,  Camilla's   light 
squadron ;    in  rout  flee   the  Rutulians,  lices  valiant 

293 


VIRGIL 

disiectique  duces  desolatique  manipli  870 

luta  petunt  et  equis  aversi  ad  moenia  tendunt. 
nee  quisquam  instantis  Teucros  letumque  ferentis 
sustentare  valet  telis  aut  sistere  contra, 
sed  laxos  referunt  umeris  languentibus  arcus 
quadrupedumque    putrem    cursu   quatit  ungula 

campum.  875 

volvitur  ad  muros  caligine  turbidus  atra 
pulvis  et  e  speculis  percussae  pectora  matres 
femineum  clamorem  ad  caeli  sidera  tollunt. 
qui  cursu  portas  primi  inrupere  patentis, 
hos  inimica  super  mixto  premit  agmine  turba,        880 
nee  miseram  effugiunt  mortem^  sed  limine  in  ipso, 
moenibus  in  patriis  atque  intra  tuta  domorum 
confixi  exspirant  animas.     pars  claudere  portas, 
nee  sociis  aperire  viam  nee  moenibus  audent 
accipere  orantis,  oriturque  miserrima  caedes  885 

defendentum  armis  aditus  inque  arma  ruentum. 
exclusi  ante  oculos  lacrimantumque  ora  parentum 
pars  in  praecipitis  fossas  urgente  ruina 
volvitur,  immissis  pars  caeca  et  concita  frcnis 
arietat  in  portas  et  duros  obice  postis.  890 

ipsae  de  muris  summo  certamine  matres 
(monstrat  amor  verus  patriae),  ut  videre  Camillam, 
tela  manu  trepidae  iaciunt  ac  robore  dure 
stipitibus  ferrum  sudibusque  imitantur  obustis 
praecipites,  primaeque  mori  pro  moenibus  ardent.   895 
Interea  Turnum  in  silvis  saevissimus  implet       mpr 
nuntius  et  iuveni  ingentem  fert  Acca  tumultum  : 
deletas  Volscorum  acies,  cecidisse  Camillam, 
ingruere  infensos  hostis  et  Marte  secundo 

8'o  defect!  IP.  "^  equos  Py 

•"  quadripedo  F^R :  qu&dripedem  F^. 
*"  e  omititd  l-'^M^b.  *"  inter  i'y,  Macrobiua. 

'•'  audent  M*y*bc,  Strvixu, 
294 


AENEID    BOOK    XI 

Atinas ;  scattered  captains,  and  troops  left  leaderless 
make  for  shelter,  and,  wheeling  their  horses,  gallop 
to  the  walls.  Nor  can  any  with  arms  check  the 
onset  of  death-dealing  Trojans,  nor  stand  against 
it,  but  their  unstrung  bows  they  cast  on  fainting 
shoulders,  and  in  their  galloping  course  the  horse- 
hoof  shakes  the  crumbling  plain.  On  rolls  to  the 
walls  a  cloud  of  dust,  black  and  murky,  and  from  the 
watch-towers  mothers,  beating  their  breasts,  uplift 
to  the  stars  of  heaven  their  womanish  cries.  Upon 
such  as  first  broke  at  full  speed  through  the  open 
gates,  there  presses  hard  a  throng  of  foes,  mingling 
with  their  ranks,  nor  escape  they  a  piteous  death, 
but  on  the  very  threshold,  their  native  walls  about 
them,  and  within  the  shelter  of  their  homes,  they 
are  thrust  through,  and  gasp  away  their  lives.  Some 
close  the  gates,  and  dare  not  open  a  way  to  their 
friends,  nor  receive  them  in  the  town,  implore  as 
they  may ;  and  slaughter  most  pitiful  ensues,  these 
guarding  the  entry  sword  in  hand,  and  those  rushing 
upon  the  sword.  Shut  out  before  the  eyes  and  gaze 
of  weeping  parents,  some,  driven  by  the  rout,  roll 
headlong  into  the  trenches ;  some,  charging  blindly 
with  loosened  rein,  batter  at  the  gates  and  stoutly- 
barred  doors.  The  veiy  mothers  from  the  walls,  in 
keenest  rivalry  (true  love  of  country  points  the  way), 
when  they  marked  Camilla,  flung  weapons  with  trem- 
bling hands,  and  hastily  do  the  work  of  the  steel 
with  stout  oak-poles  and  seared  stakes,  and  foremost 
are  fain  to  die  upon  their  walls. 

*5^  Meanwhile  among  the  forests  the  woeful  tidings 
fill  Turnus'  ears,  and  Acca  brings  the  warrior  her 
tale  of  mighty  turmoil :  the  Volscian  ranks  destroyed, 
Camilla  fallen,  the  foe  fiercely  advancing  and  sweep- 

295 


VIRGIL 

omnia  corripuisse,  metum  iam  ad  moenia  ferri.      900 
ille  furens  (et  saeva  lovis  sic  numina  poscunt) 
deserit  obsesses  collis,  nemora  aspera  linquit. 
vix  e  conspectu  exierat  campumque  tenebat, 
cum  pater  Aeneas,  saltus  ingressus  apertos, 
exsuperatque  iugum  silvaque  evadit  opaca,  905 

sic  ambo  ad  mures  rapidi  totoque  fenjntur 
agmine  nee  longis  inter  se  passibus  absunt ; 
ac  simul  Aeneas  fumantis  pulvere  cam  pes 
prospexit  longe  Laurentiaque  agmina  vidit, 
et  saevum  Aenean  adgnovit  Turnus  in  armis  910 

adventumque  pedum  flatusque  audivit  eouorum. 
continuoque  ineant  pugnas  et  proelia  temptent, 
ni  roseus  fessos  iam  gurgite  Phoebus  Hibero 
tinguat  equos  noctemque  die  labente  reducat. 
considunt  castris  ante  urbem  et  moenia  valiant.     915 

^"^  poscunt]  pellunt  R.  ■'''  campos  ^P. 

^1"  adgnovit]  conspexit  Py.        ^^^  adventus  AI.     flatum  iu 

"12  ineunt  Al^b.     templant  ye. 


296 


AENEID   BOOK   XI 

ing  the  field  in  triumphant  warfare,  the  panic  now 
passing  to  the  town.  He,  raging — and  Jove's  stem 
will  so  demands — quits  the  hills'  ambush,  and  leaves 
the  rough  woodland.  Scarce  had  he  passed  from 
view  and  gained  the  plain,  when  father  Aeneas, 
entering  the  unguarded  pass,  scales  the  ridge,  and 
issues  from  the  shady  wood.  So  both  march  toward 
the  walls,  swiftly  and  in  full  force,  nor  far  distant 
from  each  other :  and  at  the  same  moment  Aeneas 
descried  afar  the  plain  smoking  with  dust,  and  saw 
the  Laurentine  hosts,  and  Turnus  v/as  aware  of  fell 
Aeneas  in  arms,  and  heard  the  coming  of  feet  and 
the  snorting  of  steeds.  And  straightway  would 
they  enter  the  fray  and  essay  conflict,  but  ruddy 
Phoebus  now  laves  his  weary  team  in  the  Iberian 
flood,  and,  as  day  ebbs,  brings  back  the  night.  Be- 
fore the  city  they  encamp  and  strengthen  the 
ramparts. 


297 


LIBER    XII 

TuRNus  ut  infractos  adverse  Marte  Latinos  mpr 

defecisse  videt,  sua  nunc  promissa  reposci, 
se  signari  oculis,  ultro  implacabilis  ardet 
attollitque  animos.     Poenorum  qualis  in  arris, 
saucius  ille  gravi  venantum  volnere  pectus,  5 

turn  deraum  movet  arma  leo^  gaudetque  comantis 
excutiens  cerv'ice  toros  fixumque  latronis 
impavidus  frangit  telum  et  fremit  ore  cruento  : 
baud  secus  accenso  gliscit  violentia  Turno. 
turn  sic  adfatur  regera  atque  ita  turbidus  infit :        10 
"  nulla  mora  in  Turno  ;  nibil  est,  quod  dicta  retractent 
ignavi  Aeneadae,  nee  quae  pepigere  recusent : 
congredior.     fer  sacra,  pater,  et  concipe  foedus. 
aut  hac  Dardanium  dextra  sub  Tartara  mittam, 
desertorem  Asiae,  (sedeant  spectentque  Latini)       15 
et  solus  ferro  crimen  commune  refellam, 
aut  babeat  victos,  cedat  Lavinia  coniunx." 

Olli  sedato  respondit  corde  Latinus  : 
"  o  praestans  animi  iuvenis,  quantum  ipse  feroci 
\artute  exsuperas,  tanto  me  impensius  aequum  est     20 
consulere  atque  omnis  metuentem  expendere  casus. 
sunt  tibi  regna  patris  Dauni,  sunt  oppida  capta 

^^  crimen  ferro  Ec 
298 


BOOK   XII 


When  Turnus  sees  the  Latins  crushed  and  faint  of 
heart  througli  war's  reverse,  his  own  pledge  now 
claimed,  and  himself  the  mark  of  every  eye,  forth- 
with he  blazes  with  wrath  unappeasable  and  raises 
high  his  spirit.  As  in  Punic  fields  a  lion,  when 
wounded,  lo !  with  grievous  stroke  of  huntsmen  in 
the  breast,  then  only  wakes  to  war,  joyously  tosses 
from  his  neck  his  shaggy  main,  and  snaps,  un- 
daunted, the  robber's  implanted  dart,  roaring  with 
blood-stained  inouth :  even  so  in  Turnus'  kindling 
soul  the  fury  swells.  Then  thus  he  accosts  the 
king,  and  with  these  wild  words  begins : 

11  "  With  Turnus  lies  no  delay !  no  need  is  there 
for  the  coward  sons  of  Aeneas  to  recall  their  words 
or  to  renounce  their  pact !  I  go  to  meet  him. 
Bring  the  holy  rites,  sire,  and  frame  the  covenant. 
Either  with  this  arm  will  I  hurl  to  hell  the  Dardan, 
the  Asian  runaway — let  the  Latins  sit  and  see  it — 
and  with  my  single  sword  refute  the  nation's  shame  ;  ^ 
oi  let  him  be  lord  of  the  vanquished,  let  Lavinia 
pass  to  him  as  bride  !  " 

1^  To  him  Latinus  with  unruffled  soul  replied : 
"O  youth  of  matchless  spirit,  the  more  in  fierce 
valour  thou  dost  excel,  all  the  more  heedfully  is  it 
meet  that  I  ponder  and  with  fear  weigh  every 
chance.  Thou  hast  thy  father  Daunus'  realms,  hast 
*  All  are  under  the  slur  of  cowardice. 

299 


VIRGIL 

multa  manu,  nee  non  aurumqiie  animusque  Latino  est. 
sunt  aliae  innuptae  Latio  et  Laurentibus  arvis^ 
nee  genus  indecores.  sine  me  haee  haud  mollia  fatu  25 
sublatis  aperire  dolis^  simul  hoc  animo  hauri : 
me  natam  nuUi  veterum  sociare  proeorum 
fas  eratj  idque  omnes  divique  hominesque  canebant. 
victus  amore  tui,  eognato  sanguine  victuSj 
coniugis  et  maestae  lacrimis,  vinela  omnia  nipi :      30 
promissam  eripui  genero,  arma  impia  sumpsi. 
ex  illo  qui  me  casus,  quae,  Turne,  sequantur 
bella  videSj  quantos  primus  patiare  labores. 
bis  magna  victi  pugna  vix  urbe  tuemur 
spes  Italas;  recalent  nostro  Tiberina  fluenta  35 

sanguine  adhue  campique  ingentes  ossibus  albent. 
quo  referor  totiens  ?  quae  mentem  insania  mutat  ? 
si  Turno  exstineto  socios  sum  adscire  paratus, 
cur  non  incolumi  potius  certamina  tollo  ? 
quid  consanguinei  Rutuli,  quid  cetera  dicet  40 

Italia,  ad  mortem  si  te  (Fors  dicta  refutet !) 
prodiderim,  natam  et  eonubia  nostra  petentem  ? 
respice  res  bello  varias ;  miserere  parentis 
longaevi,  quem  nunc  maestum  patria  Ardea  longe 
dividit."     haudquaquam  dictis  violentia  Turni  45 

fleetitur ;  exsuperat  magis  aegrescitque  medendo. 
ut  primum  fari  potuit,  sic  institit  ore  :  mr 

"  quam  pro  me  curam  geris,  banc  precor,  optime, 
pro  me 

2*  arvis  J/,  Servius :  agris  Pllybc 

*^  ardescitque  tuendo  (on  margin  aegrescit)  SI. 

*'  incipit  M,  Donatw, 

soo 


AENEID    BOOK    XII 

many  a  town  thy  hand  has  taken  ;  Lalinus,  too,  has 
gold  and  good  will.  Other  unwed  maids  there  are 
in  Latium  and  Laurentum's  fields,  and  of  no  ignoble 
birth.  Suffer  me  to  utter  this  hard  saying,  stripped 
of  all  disguise,  and  withal  drink  this  into  thy  soul : 
for  me  to  ally  my  child  to  any  of  her  old-time 
wooers,  was  forbidden,  and  this  all  gods  and  men 
foretold.^  Overborne  by  love  of  thee,  overborne  by 
kindred  blood  ^  and  tears  of  my  sorrowing  queen,  1 
broke  all  fetters,  snatched  the  betrothed  from  her 
promised  husband,  and  drew  the  unholy  sword. 
From  that  day,  Turnus,  thou  seest  what  perils,  what 
wars  pursue  me,  what  heavy  burdens  thou  above  all 
dost  bear.  Twice  vanquished  in  mighty  battle,  we 
scarce  guard  within  our  walls  the  hopes  of  Italy ; 
Tiber's  streams  are  still  warm  with  our  blood,  the 
boundless  plains  still  white  with  our  bones.  Why 
drift  I  back  so  often  ?  ^  What  madness  turns  my 
purpose?  If,  with  Turnus  dead,  I  am  ready  to  link 
them  to  me  as  allies,  why  not  rather  end  the  strife 
while  he  still  lives.''  What  will  thy  Rutulian  kins- 
men say,  what  the  rest  of  Italy,  if — Fortune  refute 
the  word  ! — I  should  betray  thee  to  death,  Avhile  thou 
wooest  our  daughter  in  marriage .''  Think  on  war's 
changes  and  chances ;  pity  thine  aged  father,  whom 
now  his  native  Ardea  parts  far  av.ay  from  us  in 
SOITOW  ! " 

*^  In  no  wise  do  his  words  bend  the  fury  of  Turnus  ; 
still  higher  it  mounts,  more  inflamed  with  the  healing. 
Soon  as  he  could  speak  he  thus  began :  "  The  care 
thou  hast  on  my  behalf,  most  gracious  lord,  on  my 

*  c/.  VII.  95  above, 

*  Aniata,  wife  of  Latinus,  was  sister  to  Venilia,  mother  of 
Turnus. 

'  i.e.  from  what  must  be  his  inevitable  decision. 

SOI 


VIRGIL 

deponas  letumque  sinas  pro  laude  pacisci. 
et  nos  tela,  pater,  ferrumque  baud  debile  dextra     50 
spargimus,  et  nostro  sequitur  de  volnere  sanguis, 
longe  illi  dea  mater  erit,  quae  nube  fugacem 
feminea  tegat  et  vanis  sese  occulat  umbris." 

At  regina,  nova  pugnae  conterrita  sorte, 
flebat  et  ardentem  generum  moritura  tenebat :        55 
"  Turne,  per  has  ego  te  lacrimas,  per  si  quis  Amatae 
tangit  honos  animum  (spes  tu  nunc  una,  senectae 
tu  requies  miserae,  decus  imperiumque  Latini 
te  penes,  in  te  omnis  domus  inclinata  recumbit), 
unum  oro :  desiste  manum  committere  Teucris.       60 
qui  te  cumque  manent  isto  certamine  casus, 
et  me,  Turne,  manent :  simul  haec  invisa  relinquam 
lumina  nee  generum  Aenean  captiva  videbo." 
accepit  vocem  lacrimis  Lavinia  matris 
flagrantis  perfusa  genas,  cui  plurimus  ignem  65 

subiecit  rubor  et  calefacta  per  ora  cucurrit. 
Indum  sanguineo  veluti  violaverit  ostro 
si  quis  ebur,  aut  mixta  rubent  ubi  lilia  multa 
alba  rosa  :  talis  virgo  dabat  ore  col  ores, 
ilium  turbat  amor,  figitque  in  virgine  voltus.  70 

ardet  in  arma  magis  paucisque  adfatur  Amatam  : 
"ne,  quaeso,  ne  me  lacrimis  neve  omine  tanto 
prosequere  in  duri  certamina  Martis  euntem, 
o  mater ;  neque  enim  Turno  mora  libera  mortis, 
nuntius  haec,  Idmon,  Phiygio  mea  dicta  tyranno     75 
baud  placitura  refer :  cum  primum  crastina  caelo 
puniceis  invecta  rotis  Aurora  rubebit, 

»  c/.  V.  230. 

"^  In  the  Iliad  (at  v.  311  ff.)  Aeneas  is  rescued  by  Aphro- 
dite who  spreads  before  hini  a  fold  of  her  ganneut.  Else- 
SO'i 


AENEID    BOOK    XII 

belialf,  I  pray,  resign,  and  suffer  me  to  barter  death 
for  fame.^  I  too,  sire,  can  scatter  darts  and  no  weak- 
ling steel  from  this  right  hand,  and  from  my  wounds 
too  flows  blood.  Far  from  him  will  be  his  goddess- 
mother  to  shelter  the  runaway,  woman-like,  with  a 
cloud,  and  to  conceal  herself  in  empty  shadows."  ^ 

**  But  the  queen,  dismayed  by  the  new  terms  of 
conflict,  wept,  and  clung  to  her  fiery  son,  ready  to 
die :  "Turnus,  by  these  my  tears,  by  aught  of  rever- 
ence for  Amata  that  yet  may  touch  thy  heart — thou 
art  now  our  only  hope,  thou  the  comfort  of  my  sad 
old  age ;  in  thine  hands  are  the  honour  and  sover- 
eignty of  Latinus,  on  thee  rests  all  our  sinking 
house — one  boon  I  beg  :  forbear  to  fight  the  Trojans. 
What  perils  soever  await  thee  in  that  combat  of 
thine,  await  me  also,  Turnus ;  with  thee  I  will  quit 
this  hateful  light,  nor  in  captivity  see  Aeneas  as  my 
son."  Lavinia  heard  her  mother's  words,  her  burn- 
ing cheeks  steeped  in  tears,  Avhile  a  deep  blush 
kindled  its  fire,  and  mantled  o'er  her  glowing  face. 
As  when  one  stains  Indian  ivory  with  crimson  dye, 
or  as  when  white  lilies  blush  with  many  a  blended 
rose — such  hues  her  maiden  features  showed.  Him 
love  throws  into  turmoil,  and  he  fastens  his  looks 
upon  the  maid;  then,  fired  yet  more  for  the  fray, 
briefly  he  addresses  Amata  : 

^2  "Nay,  I  beseech  thee,  not  with  tears,  not 
with  such  omen,  as  I  pass  to  stern  war's 
conflicts,  do  thou  send  me  forth,  O  my  mother; 
nor  tinily  has  Turnus  freedom  to  delay  his  death, 
Idmon,  be  my  herald  and  bear  this  my  message  to 
the  Phrygian  king — message  he  will  not  welcome : 
soon   as   to-morrow's  Dawn,  riding  in   crimson  car, 

where,  however,  Apollo  and  Poseidon  rescue  him  in  a  cloud 
{Iliad,  V.  344 ;  xx.  321  ff.;  ^.  in.  380). 

SOS 


VIRGIL 

non   Teucros   agat  in   Rutulos ;    Teucrum  arma 

quiescant 
et  Rutuli ;  nostro  dirimamus  sanguine  bellum  ; 
illo  quaeratur  coniunx  Lavinia  campo."  80 

Haec  ubi  dicta  dedit  rapidusque  in  tecta  recessit, 
poscit  equos  gaudetque  tuens  ante  ora  frementis, 
Pilumno  qiios  ipsa  decus  dedit  Orithyia, 
qui  candore  nives  anteirent^  cursibus  auras, 
circumstant  properi  aurigae  manibusque  lacessunt     85 
pectora  plausa  cavis  et  colia  comantia  pectunt. 
ipse  dehinc  auro  squalenteni  alboque  orichalco 
circumdat  loricam  unieris,  simul  aptat  habendo 
ensemque  clipeumque  et  rubrae  cornua  cristae, 
ensem,  quern  Dauno  ignipotens  deus  ipse  parenti     90 
fecerat  et  Stygia  candentem  tinxerat  unda. 
exin,  quae  mediis  ingenti  adnixa  columnae 
aedibus  adstabat,  validam  vi  corripit  hastam,  mpr 

Actoris  Aurunci  spolium,  quassatque  trementeni 
vociterans  :  "  nunc,  o  numquam  frustrata  vocatus     9^ 
hasta  meos,  nunc  tempus  adest ;  te  maximus  Actor, 
te  Turni  nunc  dextra  gerit.     da  sternere  corpus 
loricanique  manu  valida  lacerare  revolsam 
semiviri  Phrygis  et  foedare  in  pulvere  crinis 
vibratos  calido  ferro  murraque  madentis."  100 

his  agitur  furiis,  totoque  ardentis  ab  ore 
scintillae  absistunt,  oculis  niicat  acribus  ignis ; 
mugitus  veluti  cum  prima  in  proelia  taurus 
terrificos  ciet  atque  irasci  in  cornua  temptat, 
arboris  obnixus  trunco,  ventosque  lacessit  105 

ictibus  aut  sparsa  ad  pugnam  proludit  harena. 

"  Rutalum  b-c^.  «*  propere  Fy\ 

*'  columna  yb'^.  '""  cadentis  Py^. 

*'-  exsistunt  Ji.  ^"^  primarn  AP:  primuin  It. 

»<"  atque]  aut  M*FEb\ 

30-t 


AENEID   BOOK    XII 

reddens  in  the  sky?  let  him  not  lead  Teucrians 
against  Rutulians — let  Teucrian  arms  and  Rutulians 
have  rest — with  our  own  blood  let  us  settle  the  war ; 
on  that  field  be  Lavinia  wooed  and  won  !  " 

^^  These  words  said,  with  haste  withdrawing  home, 
he  calls  for  his  steeds,  and  joys  to  see  them  neighing 
before  his  face — the  steeds  that  Orithyia's  self  gave  as 
a  glory  to  Pilumnus,  for  that  they  excelled  the  snows 
in  whiteness,  tlie  gales  in  speed.  The  eager  chari- 
oteers stand  round,  patting  with  hollow  palms  their 
sounding  chests,  and  combing  their  flowing  manes. 
Next  he  binds  upon  his  shoulders  a  corslet  stiff  with 
gold  and  pale  mountain-bronze  ;  withal,  he  fits  for 
wear  sword  and  shield  and  the  horns  of  his  ruddy 
crest  ^ ;  the  sword  the  divine  Lord  of  Fire  had  himself 
wrought  for  his  father  Daunus  and  dipped,  all  glow- 
ing, in  the  Stygian  wave.  Then,  his  mighty  spear, 
which  stood  leaning  upon  a  giant  column  amid  the 
hall,  he  seizes  with  strong  hand,  spoil  of  Auruncan 
Actor,  and  shakes  it  quivering,  while  he  cries  aloud : 
''  Now,  O  spear,  that  never  failed  my  call,  now  the 
hour  is  come  !  Thee  mighty  Actor  once  bore ;  thee 
now  the  hand  of  Turnus  wields.  Grant  me  to  lay  low 
the  body,  with  strong  hand  to  tear  and  rend  away 
the  corslet  of  this  Phrygian  eunuch,  and  to  defile  in 
dust  his  locks,  crisped  with  heated  iron  and  be- 
drenched  in  myrrh ! "  Such  is  the  frenzy  driving 
him :  from  all  his  face  shoot  fiery  sparks ;  his  eager 
eyes  flash  flame — even  as  a  bull,  ere  the  battle 
begins,  awakes  a  fearful  bellowing,  and,  essaying 
to  throw  wrath  into  his  horns,  charges  a  tree's  trunk  ; 
he  lashes  the  winds  with  his  blows,  and  paws  the 
sand  in  prelude  for  the  fray.^ 

1  The  crest  rested  upon  two  projecting  sockets  made  of 
horu.  9  c/.  Georgia,  in.  232-234. 

305 

VOL.   II.  I 


VIRGIL 

Nee  minus  interea  maternis  saevus  in  armis 
Aeneas  acuit  Martem  et  se  suscitat  ira, 
oblato  gaudens  componi  foedere  bellum. 
turn  socios  maestique  metum  solatur  luli,  110 

fata  docens,  regique  iubet  responsa  Latino 
certa  refen*e  viros  et  pacis  dicere  leges. 

Postera  vix  sunimos  spargebat  lumine  montis 
orta  dies,  cum  primum  alto  se  gurgite  tollunt 
Solis  equi  lucemque  elatis  naribus  efflant:  I  Id 

campum  ad  certamen  magnae  sub  moenibus  urbis 
dimensi  Rutulique  viri  Teucrique  parabant 
in  medioque  focos  et  dis  communibus  aras 
gramineas.     alii  fontemque  ignemque  ferebant, 
velati  limo  et  verbena  tempora  vincti.  120 

procedit  legio  Ausonidum  pilataque  plenis 
agmina  se  fundunt  portis.     hinc  Troius  omnis 
Tyrrhenusque  ruit  variis  exercitus  armis, 
baud  secus  instructi  ferro,  quam  si  aspera  Martis 
pugna  vocet ;  nee  non  mediis  in  milibus  ipsi  125 

ductores  auro  volitant  ostroque  superbi, 
et  genus  Assaraci  Mnestheus  et  fortis  Asilas 
et  Messapus  equum  domitor,  Neptunia  proles, 
utque  dato  signo  spatia  in  sua  quisque  recessit, 
defigunt  tellure  hastas  et  scuta  reclinant.  130 

turn  studio  efFusae  matres  et  volgus  inei-mum 
invalidique  senes  turris  et  tecta  domorum 
obsedere,  alii  portis  sublimibus  adstant. 

At  luno  e  summo,  qui  nunc  Albanus  habetur 

11'  sura  mo  M,  **'  demensi  J/7*. 

^^^  lino  MSS.  {except  two  in  Paris),  Servius:  limo  given  by 
Servius  as  the  reading  attributed  to  Virgil  by  Caper  and 
Hyginua. 

1"  ferro]  bello  M.  ^'^  decori  MSS.  except  M. 

130  telluri  IL  «^i  et]  ac  PHy. 

133  instant  JR. 
306 


AENEID    BOOK    XII 

^'^  Nor  less,  meantime,  Aeneas,  fierce  in  the  arms 
his  mother  gave,^  whets  his  valour  and  stirs  his  heart 
with  wrath,  rejoicing  that  the  war  is  settled  by  the 
compact  offered.  Then  he  comforts  his  comrades, 
and  sad  lulus'  fear,  teaching  them  of  fate,  and  bids 
bear  firm  answer  to  King  Latinus  and  declare  the 
terms  of  peace. 

^^^  Scarce  was  the  morrow's  dawn  sprinkling  the 
mountain-tops  with  light,  what  time  the  Sun's  steeds 
first  rise  from  the  deep  flood,  and  breathe  light  from 
uplifted  nostrils,  when  Rutulians  and  Teucrians 
marched  out  and  made  ready  the  lists  for  the  combat 
under  the  great  city's  walls,  and  in  the  midst  hearths 
and  grassy  altars  to  their  common  deities.  Others 
were  bringing  fountain-water  and  fire,  draped  in 
aprons  -  and  their  brows  bound  with  vervain.  Forth 
moved  the  Ausonian  host,  and  troops,  close-banded, 
pour  from  the  crowded  gates-  On  this  side  streams 
forth  all  the  TroJAfi  a/.d  Tyrrnene  nost  in  diverse 
armament,  accoutred  in  steel,  even  as  though  the 
harsh  battle-strife  called  them.  Nor  less,  amid  their 
thousands,  the  captains  dart  to  and  fro,  brilliant  in 
gold  and  purple,  Mnestheus  of  the  line  of  Assaracus, 
and  brave  Asilas,  and  Messapus,  tamer  of  horses, 
seed  of  Neptune.  Soon  as,  on  given  signal,  each  has 
retired  to  his  own  ground,  they  plant  their  spears  in 
earth,  and  rest  their  shields  against  them.  Then, 
eagerly  streaming  forth,  mothers  and  the  unarmed 
throng,  and  feeble  old  men,  have  beset  towers  and 
house-tops  ;  others  stand  upon  the  lofty  gates. 

^24  But   Juno,    from   the    hill-summit   now    called 

'  Made  by  Vulcan  at  the  request  of  Venus  ;  cf.  Aen.  viii. 
608  S. 

*  The  limus  was  an  apron  worn  by  priests,  so  called  because 
'it  had  a  transverse  stripe  of  purple. 

307 
X  2 


VIRGIL 

(turn  neque  nomen  erat  neque  hoaos  aut  gloria  monti), 

prospiciens  tumulo  campum  aspectabat  et  ambas   136 

Laurentum  Troumque  acies  urbemque  Latini. 

extemplo  Tumi  sic  est  adfata  sororem, 

diva  deam,  stagnis  quae  fluminibusque  sonoi'is 

praesidet ;  hunc  illi  rex  aetlieris  altus  honorem     HO 

luppiter  erepta  pro  virginitate  sacravit : 

"  nympha,  decus  fluviorum,  animo  gratissima  nostro, 

scis  ut  te  cunctis  unam,  quaecumque  Latinae 

magnanimi  lovis  ingratum  ascendere  cubile, 

praetulerim  caelique  libens  in  parte  locarim :         145 

disce  tuum,  ne  me  incuses,  luturna,  dolorem. 

qua  visa  est  Fortuna  pati  Parcaeque  sinebant 

cedere  res  Latio,  Turnum  et  tua  moenia  texi : 

nunc  iuvenem  imparibus  video  concun-ere  fatis, 

Parcarumque  dies  et  vis  inimica  propinquat.  150 

non  pugnam  aspicere  banc  oculis,  non  foedera  possum. 

tu  pro  germano  si  quid  praesentius  audes, 

perge  ;  decet.     forsan  miserosmeliorasequentur." 

Vix  ea,  cum  lacrimas  oculis  luturna  profudit 
terquequaterque  manu  pectus  percussit  honestum.  1 55 
"  non  lacrimis  hoc  tempus,"  ait  Saturnia  luno : 
"  accelera  et  fratrem,  si  quis  modus,  eripe  morti ; 
aut  tu  bella  cie  conceptumque  excute  foedus. 
auctor  ego  audendi."     sic  exhortata  reliquit 
incertam  et  tristi  turbatam  volnere  mentis.  l60 

Interea  reges,  ingenti  mole  Latinus 
quadriiugo  vehitur  curru,  cui  tempora  circum 
aurati  bis  sex  radii  fulgentia  cingunt, 

**•  carissinia  PBy.  ^**  Latinis  P'7*. 

1^1  in  foedeie  iV*. 

^•*  rex  ingeuti  de  mole  if*.         *"  (luadrigo  Py\ 
SOS 


AENEID    BOOK    XII 

Alban — at  that  time  the  mount  had  neither  name 
nor  fame  nor  honour — looking  forth,  gazed  upon  the 
plain,  upon  the  double  lines  of  Laurentum  and  Troy, 
and  upon  the  city  of  Latinus.  Straightway  thus, 
goddess  to  goddess,  she  spake  to  Turnus'  sister, 
mistress  of  the  meres  and  sounding  rivers :  such 
dignity  Jupiter,  heaven's  high  lord,  hallowed  to 
her  in  return  for  theft  of  maidenhood :  "  O  nymph, 
glory  of  rivers,  to  my  heart  most  dear,  thou  know- 
est  how,  above  all  Latin  maids  that  have  mounted 
to  high-souled  Jove's  thankless  bed,  thee  alone  I 
have  preferred,  and  to  thee  have  gladly  given  a 
place  in  heaven  :  learn,  Juturna,  the  grief  that  will 
be  thine,  so  that  me  thou  mayest  not  blame.  Where 
Fortune  seemed  to  permit,  and  the  Fates  suffered 
Latiura'."'  state  to  prosper,  I  shielded  Turnus  and 
tliy  city.  Now  I  see  the  prince  confront  unequal 
destiny ;  and  the  day  of  doom  and  the  enemy's 
stroke  draw  nigh.  Upon  this  battle,  this  treaty, 
mine  eyes  cannot  look  :  do  thou,  if  thou  darest  aught 
of  more  present  help  for  thy  brother's  sake,  go  on  ; 
it  is  thy  part.  Perchance  on  the  unhappy  happier 
days  shall  wait." 

^■"'^  Scarcely  thus  she  spake,  when  Juturna's  eyes 
streamed  with  tears,  and  thrice,  yea  four  times,  her 
hand  smote  her  comely  breast.  "  No  time  is  this  for 
tears,"  cries  Saturnian  Juno ;  "  hasten,  and  if  any 
means  there  be,  snatch  thy  brother  from  death ;  or 
do  thou  waken  battle,  and  dash  from  their  hands  the 
treaty  they  have  framed.  'Tis  I  who  bid  thee  dare." 
Thus  having  counselled,  she  left  her  doubtful  and 
distracted  in  soul  under  the  cruel  wound. 

^61  Meanwhile  the  kings  ride  forth,  Latinus  in 
mighty  pomp  dra^vn  in  four-horse  car,  twelve  golden 
rays   circling    his   gleaming   brows,   emblem   of  his 

S09 


VIRGIL 

Solis  avi  specimen ;  bigis  it  Turnus  in  albis, 

bina  manu  lato  crispans  hastilia  ferro.  165 

hinc  pater  Aeneas,  Romanae  stirpis  origo, 

sidereo  flagrans  clipeo  et  caelestibus  armis, 

et.iuxta  Ascanius,  magnae  spes  altera  Romae, 

procedunt  castris,  puraque  in  veste  sacerdos 

saetigeri  fetum  suis  intonsaraque  bidentem  170 

attulit  admovitque  pecus  flagrantibus  aris. 

illi  ad  surgentem  conversi  lumina  solem 

dant  fruges  manibus  salsas  et  tempora  ferro 

summa  notant  pecudum  paterisque  altaria  libant. 

turn  pius  Aeneas  stricto  sic  ense  precatur :  175 

"  esto  nunc  Sol  testis  et  haec  mihi  Terra  precanti, 

quam  propter  tantos  potui  perferre  labores, 

et  pater  omnipotens  et  tu  Saturnia  coniunx, 

iam  melior,  iam,  diva,  precor  ;  tuque  inclute  Mavors, 

cuncta  tuo  qui  bella,  pater,  sub  numine  torques  ;    1 80 

Fontisque  Fluviosque  voco,  quaeque  aethei-is  alti 

religio  et  quae  caeruleo  sunt  numina  ponto : 

cesserit  Ausonio  si  fors  victoria  Turno, 

convenit  Euandri  victos  discedere  ad  urbem, 

cedet  lulus  agris,  nee  post  arma  ulla  rebelles         185 

Aeneadae  referent  ferrove  haec  regna  lacessent. 

sin  nostrum  adnuerit  nobis  Victoria  Martera 

(ut  potius  reor  et  potius  di  numine  firment), 

non  ego  nee  Teucris  Italos  parere  iubebo 

nee  mihi  regna  peto  :  paribus  se  legibus  ambae     1 90 

invictae  gentes  aeterna  in  foedera  mittant. 

^''  precanti  M,  Serinus:  vocanti  PRy^. 
1'*  coniunx]  Inno  JP  '*'•,  Servius  {c/.  !5t)). 
^**  decedere  M^,         ^**  propius  di  £.     numina  J'^Hy. 
310 


AENEID   BOOK    XII 

incestral  Sun  ;  ^  while  Turnus  comes  behind  a  snow- 
white  pair,  his  hand  brandishing  two  spears  with 
broad  heads  of  steel.  On  this  side  father  Aeneas, 
source  of  the  Roman  stock,  ablaze  with  starry  shield 
and  celestial  arms,  and,  close  by,  Ascanius,  second 
hope  of  mighty  Rome,  issue  from  the  camp ;  while  in 
spotless  raiment  a  priest  has  brought  the  young  of  a 
bristly  boar  and  an  unshorn  sheep  of  two  years  old, 
and  set  the  beasts  beside  the  blazing  altars.  The 
heroes,  turning  their  eyes  to  the  rising  sun,  sprinkle 
salted  meal  from  their  hands,  mark  the  foreheads 
of  the  victims  with  the  knife,^  and  from  goblets 
pour  libations  on  the  altars.  Then  good  Aeneas, 
drawing  his  sword,  thus  makes  prayer : 

176  (( Now  be  the  Sun  witness  to  my  call,  and  this 
Earth,  for  whose  sake  I  have  been  able  to  endure 
such  travails,  and  the  Father  Almighty,  and  thou  his 
consort,  Saturnia — now  kindlier,  now  at  last,  I  pray,  O 
goddess  :  and  thou,  famed  Mavors,  thou  the  sire  that 
wieldest  all  warfare  under  thy  sway ;  and  on  Founts 
and  Floods  I  call,  on  all  the  majesty  of  high  heaven 
and  powers  that  tenant  the  blue  seas :  if  haply  vic- 
tory fall  to  Turnus  the  Ausonian,  'tis  agreed  that  the 
vanquished  withdraw  to  Evander's  city.  liilus  shall 
quit  the  soil ;  nor  ever  in  after-time  shall  the  sons  of 
Aeneas  return  for  renewed  war,  or  attack  this  realm 
with  the  sword.  But  if  Victory  grant  that  the  battle 
be  ours — as  I  rather  deem,  and  so  rather  may  the 
gods  confirm  it  with  their  power  I — I  will  not  bid  the 
Italians  be  subject  to  Teucrians,  nor  do  I  seek  the 
realm  for  mine  ;  under  equal  terms  let  both  nations, 
unconquered,  enter   upon   an   everlasting   compact. 

^  Latinus  was  descended  from   the   Sun   through   Circe, 
mother  of  Faunas. 
"^  i.e.  by  cutting  oflf  a  lock  of  hair  to  be  burnt. 

311 


VIRGIL 

sacra  deosque  dabo  ;  socer  arma  Latinus  habeto, 
imperium  sollemne  socer ;  mihi  moenia  Teucri 
constituent  urbique  dabit  Lavinia  nomen." 

Sic  prior  Aeneas  ;  sequitur  sic  deinde  Latinus,    195 
suspiciens  caelum^  tenditque  ad  sidera  dextram : 
"haec  eadem,  Aenea,  terram,  mare,  sidera  iuro, 
Latonaeque  genus  duplex  lanumque  bifrontem 
vimque  deuni  infernam  et  duri  sacraria  Ditis ; 
audiat  haec  genitor,  qui  foedera  fubnine  sancit.     200 
tango  aras,  medios  ignis  et  numina  testor  : 
nulla  dies  pacem  banc  Italis  nee  foedera  rumpet, 
quo  res  cumque  cadent,  nee  me  vis  ulla  volentem 
avertet,  non,  si  tellurem  effundat  in  undas, 
diluvio  miscens,  caelumque  in  Tartara  solvat ;        205 
ut  sceptrum  hoe"  (dextra  sceptrum  nam  forte 

gerebat) 
"numquam  fronde  levi  fundet  virgulta  nee  umbras, 
cum  semel  in  silvis  imo  de  stirpe  recisum 
matre  caret  posuitque  comas  et  bracchia  feiTo ; 
olim  arbos,  nunc  artificis  manus  acre  decoro  210 

inclusit  patribusque  dedit  gestare  Latinis." 
talibus  inter  se  firmabant  foedera  dictis 
prospectu  in  medio  procerum.     tum  rite  sacratas 
in  flammam  iugulant  pecudes  et  viscera  vivis 
eripiunt  cumulantque  onei'atis  lancibus  aras.  215 

At  vero  Rutulis  impar  ea  pugna  videri 
iamdudum  et  vario  misceri  pectora  motu ; 
tum  magis,  ut  propius  cernunt  non  viribus  acquis. 

*"*  runipit  P^:  rumpat  J^*y. 

*!'  prospectu  M :  conspectu  other  MSS.     in  omitted  M^P^. 

'  c/.  the  oath  of  Achilles  in  Homer,  Iliad,  i.  234  ff. 
312 


AENEID   BOOK   XII 

Gods  and  their  rites  I  will  give ;  let  Latinus,  as  my 
sire,  keep  the  sword ;  as  my  sire,  keep  his  wonted 
command.  For  me,  the  Teucrians  sliall  raise  walls, 
and  Lavinia  give  the  city  her  name." 

^^^  Thus  first  Aeneas,  and  after  him  Latinus  thus 
follows,  upUfting  eyes  to  heaven,  and  outstretching 
his  right  hand  to  the  stars  :  "  By  these  same  Powers  1 
swear,  Aeneas,  by  Earth,  Sea,  Stars,  Latona's  two- 
fold offspring,  and  two-faced  Janus,  and  the  might 
of  gods  below,  and  the  shrines  of  cruel  Dis :  may 
the  great  Sire  hear  my  words,  who  sanctions  treaties 
with  his  thunderbolt!  I  touch  the  altars,  I  adjure 
these  fires  and  gods  that  stand  between  us :  no 
time  shall  break  this  peace  and  truce  for  Italy, 
howsoever  things  shall  issue ;  nor  shall  any  force 
turn  aside  my  will,  not  though,  commingling  all 
in  deluge,  it  should  plunge  land  into  water,  and 
dissolve  Heaven  into  Hell :  even  as  this  sceptre  "  ^ 
(for  haply  in  his  hand  he  bore  his  sceptre)  "shall 
never  burgeon  with  light  leafage  into  branch  or 
shade,  now  that  once  hewn  in  the  forest  from  the 
nether  stem,  it  is  refl  of  its  mother,  and  beneath  the 
steel  has  shed  its  leaves  and  twigs ;  once  a  tree,  now 
the  craftsman's  hand  has  cased  it  in  seemly  bronze 
and  given.it  to  sires  of  Latium  to  bear.''  With  such 
words  they  sealed  faith  between  them,  amid  the 
gazing  lords ;  then  over  the  flame  duly  slay  the 
hallowed  beasts,  and  tear  out  the  live  entrails,  and 
pile  the  altars  with  laden  chargei's. 

2^^  But  to  the  Rutulians  long  had  the  battle  seemed 
unequal,  and  their  hearts,  swayed  to  and  fro,  had 
long  been  in  turmoil ;  and  now  the  more,  the  more 
closely  they  scan  its  ill-matched  strength.^     Turnus 

'  With  cernunl  one  may  supply  either  pugnam  or  eos  (the 
combatants).  Some  regard  non  virihus  acquis  us  an  interpola- 
tion ;  Ribbeck  thinks  the  passage  is  incomplete. 

813 


VIRGIL 

adiuvat  incessu  tacito  progi'essus  et  aram 

suppliciter  venerans  demisso  lumine  Turnus  220 

tabentesque  genae  et  iuvenali  in  corpore  pallor. 

quern  sinuil  ac  liiturna  soror  crebrescere  vidit 

sermonem  et  volgi  variare  labantia  corda, 

in  medias  acies^  formam  adsimulata  Camerti 

(cui  genus  a  proavis  ingens  clarumque  paternae    225 

nomen  erat  virtutis  et  ipse  acerrimus  armis), 

in  medias  dat  sese  acies,  baud  nescia  rerum, 

rumoresque  serit  varies  ac  talia  fatur : 

"non  pudet,  o  Rutuli,  pro  cunctis  talibus  unam 

obiectare  animam  ?  numerone  an  viribus  aequi      230 

non  sumus  ?  en,  omnes  et  Troes  et  Arcades  hi  sunt, 

fatalesque  manus,  infensa  Etruria  Turno. 

vix  hostem,  alterni  si  congrediamur,  habemus. 

ille  quidem  ad  superos,  quorum  se  devovet  aris, 

succedet  fama  vivusque  per  ora  feretur  ;  235 

nos  patria  amissa  dominis  parere  superbis 

cogemur,  qui  nunc  lenti  consedimus  arvis." 

Talibus  incensa  est  iuvenum  sententia  dictis 
iam  magis  atque  magis  serpitque  per  agmina  murmur; 
ipsi  Laurentes  niutati  ipsique  Latini.  240 

qui  sibi  iam  requiem  pugnae  rebusque  salutem 
sperabant,  nunc  arma  volunt  foedusque  precantur 
infectum  et  Tumi  sortem  miserantur  iniquam. 
his  aliud  mains  luturna  adiungit  et  alto 
dat  signum  caelo,  quo  non  praesentius  ullum         245 
turbavit  mentes  Italas  monstroque  fefellit. 
namque  volans  rubra  fulvus  lovis  ales  in  aethra 
litoreas  agitabat  avis  turbamque  sonantem 

*'^  tabentes  a*c :  pubentes  most  3ISS. 
"'"  an]  ac  P^.     aequis  Fy.         '^^  fatalisque  Pyc,  Servhts. 
^^'  lentis  y^.     armis  M^y^  (lentis  .  .  .  armis  BtntUy). 
*^'  iam]  turn  Py.  '"  praestantius  R. 

**'  fulvus  rubra  iP^.     lovis]  acer  P  {^(J.  sacer  ales,  xi.  721). 
314 


AENEID   BOOK   XII 

swells  the  unrest  by  advancing  with  noiseless  tread 
and  humbly  adoring  the  altar  with  downcast  eye — 
swells  it  by  his  wasted  cheeks  and  by  the  pallor  of 
his  youthful  frame.  Soon  as  Juturna  his  sister  saw 
these  whispers  spread,  and  the  hearts  of  the  throng 
wavering  in  doubt,  into  the  midmost  ranks,  in  feigned 
semblance  of  Camers — noble  his  ancestral  house, 
glorious  the  renown  of  his  father's  worth,  himself 
most  valiant  in  arms — into  the  midmost  ranks  she 
plunges,  knowing  well  her  task,  scatters  diverse 
rumours,  and  thus  cries :  "  Are  ye  not  ashamed, 
Rutulians,  for  all  a  host  like  ours  to  set  at  hazard 
one  single  life  ?  In  numbers,  or  in  might,  are  we 
not  their  match  ?  All  of  them,  mark  you,  are  here 
Trojans  and  Arcadians,  and  the  fate-led  bands  of 
Etruria,  hostile  to  Turnus :  should  but  every  other 
man  of  us  join  battle,  scarce  find  we,  each  of  us,  a 
foe.  He,  indeed,  shall  mount  on  fame  to  the  gods, 
to  whose  altars  he  vows  his  life,  and  shall  move 
living  on  the  lips  of  men :  ^  we,  our  country  lost, 
shall  bow  perforce  to  haughty  masters — we,  who 
to-day  sit  listless  upon  the  fields  !  " 

238  With  such  words  the  warriors'  resolve  is  kindled 
yet  more  and  more,  and  a  murmur  creeps  from  rank 
to  rank.  Even  the  Laurentines,  even  the  Latins  are 
changed ;  and  they  who  of  late  hoped  for  rest  from 
the  fray,  and  safety  for  their  fortunes,  now  long  for 
arms,  pray  the  covenant  may  be  undone,  and  pity 
Turnus'  unjust  fate.  To  these  Juturna  adds  another 
and  mightier  impulse,  and  in  high  heaven  shows  a 
sign,  than  which  none  was  more  potent  to  confound 
Italian  minds  and  cheat  them  with  its  miracle.  For, 
flying  through  the  ruddy  sky,  Jove's  golden  bird  was 
chasing  the  fowls  of  the  shore  and  the  clamorous 
*  (^f.  Otorgica,  iii.  9. 

S15 


VIRGIL 

agminis  aligeri,  subito  cum  lapsus  ad  undas 
cycnum  excellentem  pedibus  rapit  improbus  unci's.  250 
arrexere  animos  Itali  cunctaeqiie  volucres 
convertunt  clamore  fugain  (mirabile  visu) 
aetheraque  obscurant  pinnis  hostemque  per  aums 
facta  nube  premunt,  donee  vi  victus  et  ipso 
pondere  delecit  praedamque  ex  unguibus  ales       255 
proiecit  fluvio,  penitusque  in  nubila  fugit. 

Turn  vero  auguriuin  Rutuli  clamore  salutant 
expediuntque  manus,  primusque  Tolumnius  augur 
"hoc  erat,  hoc,  votis/'  inquit,  "quod  saepe  petivi. 
accij)io,  adgnoscoque  deos ;  me,  me  duce  ferrum  260 
corripite,  o  miseri,  quos  improbus  advena  belle 
territat,  invalidas  ut  avis,  et  litora  vestra 
vi  poj)ulat.     petet  ille  fugam  penitusque  profundo 
vela  dabit.     vos  iinanimi  densate  catervas 
et  regem  vobis  pugna  defendite  raptum."  2f)5 

Dixit  et  ad  versos  telum  contorsit  in  hostis 
procurrens  ;  sonitum  dat  stridula  coi'nus  et  auras 
certa  secat.  simul  hoc,  simul  ingcns  clamor,  et  omnes 
turbati  cunei  calefactaque  corda  tumultu. 
hasta  volans,  ut  forte  novem  pulclicrrima  fratrum   270 
corpora  constiterant  contra,  quos  fida  crearat 
una  tot  Arcadio  coniunx  Tyrrhena  Gylippo, 
horum  unum  ad  medium,  teritur  qua  sutilis  alvo 
balteus  et  laterum  iuncturas  fibula  mordct, 
egregium  forma  iuvenem  ct  fulgentibus  armis,       275 
transadigit  costas  fulvaque  eft'undit  harena. 

*"*  miseri]  Rutuli  yV>r. 
*•■'*  densete  Jl,  Servivi. 
2"'  mediam  MK     alveo  /";  auro  3/. 

^  To  indicate  their  wish  to  fight,  according  to  Servius,  this 
being  a  consenaio  militari».     Coninptou  renders  "  make  tlieir 
hands  ready  to  fight."     (So  al^50  Benoist.) 
316 


AENEID    BOOK    XII 

rout  of  their  winged  troop,  wlien,  swooping  suddenly 
to  tlie  water,  shameless  he  snatches  up  in  his  crooked 
talons  a  stately  swan.  All  alert  become  the  Italians, 
when  lo  !  one  and  all,  wondrous  to  behold,  the  birds 
wheel  clamorously  their  flight,  and,  darkening  the 
sky  with  wings,  in  serried  cloud  drive  their  foe 
through  the  air,  till,  overborne  by  the  onset  and  the 
sheer  weight,  the  bird  gave  way,  dropped  the  booty 
from  his  talons  into  the  stream,  and  sped  far  within 
the  clouds. 

-'•^  Then  in  truth  the  Rutulians  hail  the  omen  with 
a  cheer  and  spread  out  their  hands.^  And  first  of  all 
Tolumnius  the  augur  cries:  "This  it  was,  this,  that 
mv  vows  have  often  sought!  I  accept  it,  I  acknow- 
ledge the  gods.  With  me,  me  at  your  head,  snatch 
uj)  the  sword,  O  hapless  people,  whom,  like  frail 
birds,  a  shameless  alien  affrights  with  war,  and  rudely 
ravages  your  coasts.  He  too  will  take  to  flight,  and 
spread  sail  far  across  the  deep.  Do  ye  with  one 
accord  close  up  your  ranks,  and  defend  in  battle  the 
king  thus  snatched  from  you  !  " 

-^''  He  spoke,  and,  darting  forward,  hurled  his 
spear  full  against  the  foe  ;  the  whistling  cornel-sl'.aft 
sings,  and  splits  the  air,  unerring.  With  the  deed, 
at  once  uprises  a  mighty  shout,  the  crowds  are  all 
confusion,  and  their  hearts  heated  with  turmoil.  On 
flies  the  spear,  where,  as  it  chanced,  nine  brethren  of 
goodlv  stature  stood  in  its  path — the  many  borne  of 
one  faithful  Tuscan  wife  to  Arcadian  Gylippus.  One 
of  these  near  the  waist,  where  the  stitched  belt  chafes 
the  belly,  and  the  buckle  bites  the  linked  sides- — 
a  youth  of  comely  form  and  gleaming  armour — it 
pierces  clean  through  the  ribs  and  stretches  on  the 

*  i.e.  the  ends  of  tlie  belt.  Others  refer  the  expression  to 
the  eilgts  of  the  ribs. 

317 


VIRGIL 

at  fratres,  animosa  phalanx  accensaque  luctu, 
pars  gladios  stringunt  manibus,  pars  missile  fernim 
corripiunt  caecique  ruunt.     quos  agmina  contra 
procurrunt  Laurentum ;  hinc  densi  rursus  inundaiit 
Troes  Agyllinique  et  pictis  Arcades  armis :  281 

sic  omnis  amor  unus  habet  decernere  ferro. 
diripuere  aras,  it  toto  turbida  caelo 
tempestas  telorum  ac  ferreus  ingruit  imber, 
craterasque  focosque  ferunt.     fugit  ipse  Latinus   285 
pulsates  referens  infecto  foedere  dives, 
infrenant  alii  currus  aut  corpora  saltu 
subiciunt  in  eques  et  strictis  ensibus  adsunt. 

Messapus  regem  regisque  insigne  gerentem 
Tyrrhenum  Aulesten^  avidus  cenfundere  feedus,  290 
adverse  proterret  equo  :  ruit  ille  recedens 
et  miser  oppositis  a  tergo  involvitur  aris 
in  caput  inque  umeres.     at  fervidus  advolat  hasta 
Messapus  teloque  orantem  multa  trabali 
desuper  altus  eque  graviter  ferit  atque  ita  fatur:  296 
"  hoc  habet,  haec  melior  magnis  data  victima  divis." 
concurrunt  Itali  spoliantque  calentia  membra, 
obvius  ambustum  torrem  Corynaeus  ab  ara 
cerripit  et  venienti  Ebuse  plagamque  ferenti 
eccupat  OS  flammis  :  olli  ingens  barba  reluxit  300 

nideremque  ambusta  dedit.     super  ipse  secutus 
caesariem  laeva  turbati  corripit  hostis 
impressoque  genu  nitens  terrae  applicat  ipsum  ; 

»8=  it]  et  F^\  "'  aut]  et  M. 

»"  adstant  AlK 
S18 


AENEID    BOOK    XII 

yellow  sand.  But  of  his  brethren — a  gallant  band, 
and  fired  by  grief — part  draw  their  swords,  part  seize 
the  missile  steel,  and  rush  blindly  on.  Against  them 
charge  the  Laurentine  columns;  from  their  side 
again  pour  thickly  in  Trojans  and  Agyllines  and 
Arcadians  with  blazoned  arms.  Thus  all  are  ruled 
by  one  passion,  to  let  the  sword  decide.  Lo !  they 
have  stripped  the  altars ;  through  the  whole  sky 
flies  a  thickening  storm  of  javelins  and  the  iron  rain 
falls  fast :  bowls  and  hearth-fires  are  carried  off. 
Latinus  himself  takes  flight,  bearing  back  his  de- 
feated gods,  the  covenant  now  void  ;  the  others  rein 
their  cars  or  vault  upon  their  steeds  and  with  drawn 
swords  are  on  the  scene. 

2SS  Messapus,  eager  to  rend  the  truce  asunder, 
with  charging  steed  affrights  Tuscan  Aulestes,  a 
king^  and  wearing  a  king's  device.  Backward  he 
rushes,  and  whirled,  poor  man,  upon  the  altars  be- 
hind, is  thrown  on  head  and  on  shoulders.  But 
Messapus  flashes  forth  like  fire,  spear  in  hand,  and, 
aloft  on  his  horse,  smites  heavily  down  upon  him 
with  massive  shaft,  though  sorely  he  pleads ;  then 
cries  thus :  "  He  has  it ;  -  here  is  a  nobler  victim 
given  to  the  mighty  gods!"  Tl)e  Italians  crowd 
around  and  strip  his  warm  limbs.  Standing  in  the 
path,  Corynaeus  snatches  up  a  charred  brand  from 
the  altar,  and  as  Ebysus  comes  up  and  aims  a  blow, 
dashes  flames  in  his  face  :  his  mighty  beard  blazed 
up,  and  sent  forth  a  smell  of  fire.  Then  himself 
pursuing  the  stroke,  he  clutches  in  his  left  hand  the 
locks  of  his  bewildered  foe,  and  with  thrust  of  his 
bended   knee  bears  his  body  to   earth,  and   there 

^  He  was  au  Etruscan  Lucumo  or  Lars. 
*  i.e.  he  has  his  death-blow :  an  expression  used  by  specta- 
tors when  a  gladiator  was  struck. 

819 


VIRGIL 

sic  rigido  latus  ense  ferit.     Podalirius  Alsum, 

pastorem  primaque  acie  per  tela  ruentem,  305 

ense  sequens  nudo  superimminet :  ille  securi 

adversi  frontem  mediam  mentumque  reducta 

disicit  et  sparse  late  rigat  arma  cruore. 

olli  dura  quies  oculos  et  ferreus  urget 

somnus,  in  aeternam  clauduntur  liimina  noctem.   310 

At  pius  Aeneas  dextram  tendebat  inermem 
nudato  capite  atque  suos  clamore  vocabat : 
"  quo  ruitis  ?  quaeve  ista  repens  discordia  surgit  ? 
o  cohibete  iras !  ictum  iam  foedus  et  omnes 
compositae  leges  ;  mihi  ius  concurrere  soli ;  315 

me  sinite  atque  auferte  metus  ;  ego  foedera  faxo 
fimia  manu ;  Turnum  debent  liaec  iam  mihi  sacra." 
has  inter  voces,  media  inter  talia  verba, 
ecce  viro  stridens  alis  adlapsa  sagitta  est, 
incertum  qua  pulsa  manu,  quo  turbine  adacta,       326 
quis  tantam  Rutulis  laudem,  casusne  deusne, 
attulerit :  pressa  est  insignis  gloria  facti 
nee  sese  Aeneae  iactavit  volnere  quisquam. 

Turnus  ut  Aenean  cedentem  ex  agmine  vidit 
turbatosque  duces,  subita  spe  fervidus  ardet ;         325 
poscit  equos  atque  arma  simul  saltuque  superbus 
emicat  in  currum  et  manibus  molitur  habenas. 
multa  virum  volitans  dat  fortia  corpora  Leto, 
semineces  volvit  multos  aut  agmina  curru 
proterit  aut  raptas  fugientibus  ingerit  hastas.         330 
qualis  apud  gelidi  cum  flumina  concitus  Hebri 
sanguineus  Mavors  clipeo  intonat  atque  f  urentis 
bella  movens  immittit  equos  ;  illi  aequore  aperto 
ante  Notos  Zephyrumque  volant,  gemit  ultima  pulsu 

80*  feret  .IP.     pediL  P.  ^^"  conduntur  P. 

*!'  inertem  .1/^.  **'  quaeve]  quove  R. 

"1  -ve  .  .  .  -ve  M.  ""  aut]  et  R. 

'3*  increpat  Py,  Servius.  lureutis]  f urenti  E :  prementi  M^ 

320 


AENEID    BOOK    XII 

smites  his  side  with  unyielding  sword.  Podalirius, 
pursuing  with  naked  steel,  overhangs  the  shepherd 
Alsus,  as  in  foremost  line  he  rushes  amid  the  darts ; 
but  Alsus,  swinging  back  his  axe,  severs  full  in 
front  his  enemy's  brow  and  chin,  and  drenches  his 
armour  with  widely  spattered  gore.  Stern  repose 
and  iron  slumber  press  upon  his  eyes,  and  their  orbs 
close  in  everlasting  night. 

^^^  But  good  Aeneas,  with  head  bared,  was  stretch- 
ing forth  his  unarmed  hand,  and  calling  loudly  to 
his  men:  "Whither  do  ye  rush?  What  means  this 
sudden  outburst  of  strife  ?  O  curb  your  rage  !  Truce 
is  already  stricken,  and  all  its  terms  fixed ;  mine 
alone  is  the  right  to  do  battle.  Give  me  way  and 
banish  fears ;  this  hand  shall  prove  the  treaty  true ; 
already  these  rites  make  Turnus  mine ! "  Amid 
these  cries,  amid  such  words,  lo !  against  him  a  whiz- 
zing arrow  winged  its  way,  launched  by  what  hand, 
sped  whirling  by  whom,  none  knows,  nor  who — 
chance  or  god — brought  Rutulians  such  honour : 
hidden  is  the  fame  of  that  high  deed,  and  no  one 
vaunted  him  of  the  wounding  of  Aeneas. 

^'*  Soon  as  Turnus  saw  Aeneas  withdrawing  from 
the  ranks,  and  his  captains  in  confusion,  he  glows 
with  the  fire  of  sudden  hope,  calls  for  horses,  calls 
for  arms,  with  a  bound  leaps  proudly  into  his  chariot, 
and  firmly  grasps  the  reins.  In  his  swift  course 
many  a  brave  man's  body  he  gives  to  death  ;  many  a 
man  he  tumbles  half-slain,  or  crushes  whole  ranks 
beneath  his  car,  or,  seizing  spear  after  spear,  showers 
them  upon  the  fugitives.  Even  as  when,  at  full 
speed,  by  the  streams  of  icy  Hebrus  blood-stained 
Mavors  thunders  with  his  shield,  and,  rousing  war, 
gives  rein  to  his  frenzied  steeds  ;  they  o'er  the  open 
plain  outstrip  the  South  wind  and  the  West ;  utmost 

321 


VIRGIL 

Thraca  pedum  circumque  alrae  Formidinis  ora      335 
Iraeque  Iiisidiaeque,  dei  comitatus,  aguntur : 
talis  equos  alacer  media  inter  proelia  Turnus 
fumantis  sudore  quatit^  miserabile  caesis 
hostibus  insultans  :  spargit  rapida  ungula  rores 
sanguineos  mixtaque  cruor  calcatur  harena.  340 

iamque  Neci  Sthenelumque  dedit  Thamyrumque 

Pliolumque, 
hunc  congressus  et  hunc,  ilium  eminus ;  eminus 

am  bo 
Iinbrasidas,  Glaueam  atque  Laden,  quos  Imbra- 

sus  ipse 
nutrierat  Lycia  paribusque  ornaverat  armis, 
vel  conferre  niaiium  vel  equo  praevertere  ventos.    345 

Parte  alia  media  Eumedes  in  proelia  fertur, 
antiqui  proles  bello  praeclara  Dolonis, 
nomine  avum  referens,  animo  manibusque  parentem, 
qui  quondam,  castra  ut  Danaum  speculator  adiret, 
ausus  Pelidae  pi*etium  sibi  poscere  currus :  350 

ilium  Tydides  alio  pro  talibus  ausis 
adfecit  pretio,  nee  equis  adspirat  Achillis. 
hunc  procul  ut  campo  Turnus  prospexit  aperto, 
ante  levi  iaculo  longum  per  inane  secutus, 
sistit  equos  biiugis  et  curru  desilit  atque  355 

semianimi  lapsoque  supervenit,  et  pede  collo 
impresso  dextrae  mucronem  extorquet  et  alto 
fulgentem  tinguit  iugulo  atque  haec  insuper  addit : 
"  en  agros  et  quam  bello,  Troiane,  petisti, 
Hesperian!  metire  iacens  :  haec  praemia,  qui  me  360 
ferro  ausi  temptare,  ferunt,  sic  moenia  condunt." 

^^^  elapsoque  F^,  Serviua.         *^'  expresso  iP.    dextra  Ey^. 
322 


AENEID    BOOK    XII 

Thrace  moans  with  the  beat  of  their  hoofs,  and 
around  him  speed  black  Terror's  forms,  and  Anger, 
and  Ambush,  attendants  on  the  god :  -  with  Hke 
eagerness  amid  the  fray  Turnus  goads  his  sweat- 
smoking  horses,  piteously  trampling  on  the  slain  foe  ; 
the  galloping  hoof  splashes  bloody  dews,  and  spurns 
the  gore  and  mingled  sand.  And  now  he  has  given 
Sthenelus  to  death,  and  Thamyrus,  and  Pholus,  these 
in  close  encounter,  the  first  from  afar ;  from  afar  the 
sons  of  Imbrasus,  Glaucus  and  Lades,  whom  Imbrasus 
himself  had  nurtured  in  Lycia  and  equipped  with 
like  arms,  either  to  fight  hand  to  hand  or  on  horse- 
back to  outstrip  the  winds. 

8*6  Elsewhere  Eumedes  rides  to  the  midmost  fray, 
war-famed  scion  of  ancient  Dolon,  in  name  renewing 
his  grandsire,  in  heart  and  hand  his  sire,  who  of  old, 
for  going  in  espial  to  the  Danaan  camp,  dared  to  ask 
as  his  wage  the  car  of  Peleus'  son ;  but  for  such 
daring  far  other  wage  did  the  son  of  Tydeus  pay  him, 
and  no  more  sets  he  his  hopes  upon  Achilles'  steeds.^ 
Him  Turnus  descries  afar  on  the  open  plain,  and, 
first  following  him  with  light  javelin  through  the 
long  space  between  them,  then  stays  his  twin-yoked 
steeds,  and  leaps  from  his  car ;  now  descends  on  the 
fallen,  dying  man,  and,  planting  his  foot  on  his  neck, 
wrests  the  sword  from  his  hand,  dyes  the  glittering 
blade  deep  in  his  throat,  and  adds  these  words 
withal :  "  Lo !  Trojan,  lie  there,  and  measure  out 
the  fields  and  that  Hesperia  thou  didst  seek  in  war  : 
such  meed  is  theirs,  who  dare  to  tempt  me  with  the 
sword  ;  so  stablish  they  their  walls  I  "     Then  with 

'  The  story  of  Dolon,  who  for  the  promised  reward  of 
Achilles'  chariot  and  horses  undertook  to  explore  by  night 
the  Grecian  camp,  but  was  put  to  death  by  Diomede,  the 
son  of  Tydeus,  is  told  in  Homer,  Iliad,  x.  314  S. 

323 
V   2 


VIRGIL 

Imic  comitem  Aslnten  coniecta  cuspide  mittit 
Chloreaque  Sybarunque  Daretaque  Thersilochumqiie 
et  sternacis  equi  lapsum  cervice  Thymoeten. 
ac  velut  PMoni  Boreae  cum  spiiitus  alto  S65 

insonat  Aegaeo  sequiturque  ad  litora  fluctus; 
qua  venti  incubuere,  fugain  dant  nubila  caelo  : 
sic  Turno,  quacumque  viam  secat,  agniina  cedunt 
conversaeque  ruunt  acies  ;  fert  impetus  ipsum 
et  cristam  adverse  curru  quatit  aura  volantem.       370 
non  tulit  instantem  Pliegeus  animisque  fremenlem: 
obiecit  sese  ad  currum  et  spumantia  frenis 
ora  citatorum  dextra  detorsit  equorum. 
dum  trahitur  pendetque  iugis^  hunc  lata  retectiim 
lancea  consequitur  rum})itque  infixa  bilicem  375 

loricam  et  sumraum  degustat  volnere  corpus, 
ille  tamen  clipeo  obiecto  conversus  in  liostem 
ibat  et  auxilium  dncto  mucrone  petebat, 
cum  rota  praecipitcm  et  procursu  concitus  axis 
impulit  effunditque  solo,  Turnusque  secutus  380 

imam  inter  galeam  summi  tlioracis  et  oras 
abstulit  ense  caput  truncumque  reliquit  harenae. 
Atque  ea  dum  campis  victor  dat  funera  Turnus^, 
interca  Aenean  Mnestheus  et  fidus  Achates 
Ascaniusque  comes  castris  statuere  cruentum,       385 
alternos  longa  nitentem  cuspide  gressus. 
saevit  et  infracta  luctatur  harundine  telum 
eripere  auxilioque  viam,  quae  proxim.a,  poscit ; 
ense  secent  lato  volnus  teiique  latebras 
rescindant  penitus,  seseque  in  bella  reinittant.       390 
iamque  aderat  Phoebo  ante  alios  dilectus  lapyx 

=  3»  effudit  By.  »«2  harena  liy. 

385  comes]  puer  B.  ^^"  latebram  PIL 

324 


AENEID   BOOK   XII 

cast  of  spear  he  sends  Asbytes  to  bear  him  company^ 
and  Chloreus  and  Sybaris,  Dares  and  Thersilochus, 
and  Thymoetes,  flung  from  the  neck  of  his  restive 
horse.  And  as  when  the  blast  of  the  Edonian  North- 
wind  roars  on  the  deep  Aegean,  and  drives  the 
billows  shoreward ;  where  the  winds  swoop,  the 
clouds  scud  through  the  sky :  so,  wherever  Turnus 
cleaves  a  palh,  the  ranks  give  way,  and  lines  turn 
and  run ;  his  own  speed  bears  him  on,  and  the 
breeze,  as  his  chariot  meets  it,  tosses  his  flying  plume. 
Phegeus  brooked  not  his  onset  and  fiery  rage  ;  before 
the  chariot  he  flung  himself,  and  v.ith  his  right  hand 
wrenched  aside  the  jaws  of  the  furious  steeds,  foam- 
ing on  the  bits.  While  he  is  dragged  along  clinging 
to  the  yoke,  the  broad  spear-head  reaches  his  un- 
guarded side,  rends  the  two-plated  corslet  where  it 
lodged,  and  with  its  wound  just  grazes  the  surface 
of  the  flesh.  Yet  he,  with  shield  before  him,  turned 
and  was  making  for  liis  foe,  seeking  succour  from 
his  drawn  sword,  when  the  wheel  and  axle,  whirling 
onward,  struck  him  headlong  and  flung  him  to  the 
ground,  and  Turnus,  following,  v.ith  sweep  of  blade 
between  the  helmet's  lowest  rim  and  the  breast- 
plate's u})per  edge,  smote  off  his  head,  and  left  the 
trunk  upon  the  sand. 

^''^  And  while  Turnus  thus  victoriously  deals  havoc 
over  the  plains,  Mncstheus  meantime  and  loyal 
Achates,  and  Ascanius  by  their  side,  set  down  Aeneas 
in  the  camp,  all  bleeding  and  staying  every  other 
step  upon  his  long  spear.  Raging,  he  struggles  to 
pluck  out  the  head  of  the  broken  shaft,  and  calls  for 
the  nearest  road  to  relief,  bidding  them  with  broad 
sword  cut  the  wound,  tear  open  to  the  bottom  the 
weapon's  lair,  and  send  him  back  to  battle.  And 
now   drew  near    lapyx,   lasus'  son,    dearest    beyond 

"  325 


VIRGIL 

lasides,  acri  quondam  cui  captus  aniore 
ipse  suas  artis,  sua  munera,  laetus  Apollo 
auguriuni  citliaramque  dabat  celerisque  sagittas. 
ille  ut  deposit!  proferret  fata  parentis^  S95 

scire  potestates  herbarum  usumque  medendi 
maluit  et  mutas  agitare  inglorius  artis. 
stabat  acerba  fremens,  ingentem  nixus  in  hastam, 
AeneaSj  magno  iuvenum  et  niaerentis  luli 
concursUj  lacrimis  immobilis.     ille  retorto  400 

Paeonium  in  morem  senior  succinctus  aniictu 
multa  nianu  medica  Phoebique  potentibus  herbis 
nequiquam  trepidat,  nequiquara  spicula  dextra 
sollicitat  prensatque  tenaci  forcipe  ferrum. 
nulla  viam  Fortuna  regit,  nihil  auctor  Apollo         405 
subvenit,  et  saevus  campis  magis  ac  magis  horror 
crebrescit  propiusque  malum  est.    iara  pulvere  caelum 
stai'e  vident,  subeunt  equites  et  spicula  castris 
densa  cadunt  mediis.     it  tristis  ad  aetlvera  clamor 
bellantuui  iuvenum  et  duro  sub  Marte  cadentnm.   ^l  0 

Hie  Venus,  indigno  nati  concussa  dolore, 
dictamnum  genetrix  Cretaea  car{)it  ab  Ida, 
puberibus  caulem  foliis  et  flore  comantem 
purpureo ;  non  ilia  feris  incognita  capris 
gramina,  cum  tergo  volucres  haesere  sagittae.        415 
hoc  Venus,  obscuro  faciem  circumdata  nimbo, 
detulit,  hoc  fusum  labris  splendentibus  amnem 
inficit,  occulte  medicans,  spargitque  salubris 

^'*  dabat  PR,  "vera  lectio"  {tiervitis) :  dedit  M :  dedl  7*. 

^^'  multas  P'c*.  *^*  fixus  3/". 

*'"'  reporto  R.  '"^  Paeonidiim  M :  Paeonum  P. 

'"*  pressat  R.  *''^  subeuntque  R. 

**'  pendentibus  R:  plcLideiitibua  P. 

*  i.e.  unlike  music  and  prophecy,  wherein  the  voice  is 
used.  But  the  idea  of  obscurity  is  also  included,  for  the 
profession  of  medicine  does  not  lead  to  great  fame. 

sad 


AENEID   BOOK    XII 

others  to  Phoebus,  to  whom  once  gladly  did  Apollo's 
self,  with  love's  sting  smitten,  offer  his  own  arts,  his 
own  powers— his  augury,  his  lyre  and  swift  arrows. 
He,  to  defer  the  fate  of  a  sire  sick  unto  death,  chose 
rather  to  know  the  virtues  of  herbs  and  the  practice 
of  healing,  and  to  ply,  inglorious,  the  silent  arts.^ 
Bitterly  chafing,  Aeneas  stood  propped  on  his  mighty 
spear,  amid  a  great  concourse  of  warriors  along  with 
sorrowing  liilus,  himself  unmoved  b}'  their  tears. 
The  aged  leech,  with  robe  rolled  back,  and  girt  in 
Paeonian  fashion,  with  healing  hand  and  Phoebus' 
potent  herbs  makes  much  ado — in  vain  ;  in  vain 
with  his  liand  pulls  at  the  dart,  and  with  gripping 
tongs  tugs  at  the  steel.  No  Fortune  guides  his 
path,  in  no  wise  does  Apollo's  counsel  aid:  and 
more  and  more  the  fierce  alarm  swells  o'er  the 
plains,  and  nigher  draws  disaster.  Now  they  see 
the  sky  upborne  on  columns  of  dust ;  on  come  the 
horsemen,  and  shafts  fall  tliick  amidst  the  camp. 
Heavenward  mounts  the  dismal  cry  of  men  that 
fight  and  men  that  fall  beneath  the  stern  War-god's 
hand. 

^i^  Hereupon  Venus,  smitten  by  her  son's  cruel 
pain,  with  a  mother's  care  plucks  from  Cretan  Ida 
a  dittany  ^  stalk,  clothed  with  downy  leaves  and 
purple  flower ;  not  unknown  is  that  herb  to  wild 
goats,  when  winged  arrows  have  lodged  in  their 
flank.  This  V^enus  bore  down,  her  face  veiled  in 
dim  mist ;  this  she  steeps  with  secret  healing  in  the 
river-water  poured  into  bright-brimming  ewer,  and 


^  The  dittanj'  {dictamnvs)  takes  its  name  from  Mt.  Dicte 
in  Crete,  where,  according  to  Aristotle,  Cicero  and  others, 
wild  goats  found  a  cure  for  their  wounds  in  the  eating  of  the 
herb. 

327 


VIRGIL 

ambrosiae  sucos  et  odoriferam  panaceam. 

fovit  ea  volnus  lympha  longaevus  lapyx  420 

ignorans,  subitoque  omnis  de  corpore  fugit 

quippe  dolor,  omnis  stetit  imo  volnere  sanguis. 

iamque  secuta  manum  nullo  cogente  sagitta 

excidit,  atque  novae  I'ediere  in  pristina  vires. 

"  ai-ma  citi  properate  viro  !  quid  statis  ?  "   lapj-x    425 

conclamat  primusque  animos  accendit  in  hostem, 

"non  liaec  humanis  opibus,  non  arte  niagistra 

proveniunt,  neque  te,  Aenea,  mea  dextera  servat: 

maior  agit  deus  atque  opera  ad  maiora  remittit." 

ille  avidus  pugnae  suras  incluserat  auro  430 

hinc  atque  hinc  oditque  moras  hastamque  coruscat. 

postquam  habilis  lateri  clipeus  loricaque  tergo  est, 

Ascaniuni  fusis  circum  complectitur  arniis 

summaque  per  galeam  delibans  oscula  fatur  : 

"  disce,  puer,  virtutem  ex  me  verumque  laborem,    435 

fortunam  ex  aliis.     nunc  te  mea  dextera  bello 

defensum  dabit  et  magna  inter  praemia  ducet : 

tu  facito,  mox  cum  matura  adoleverit  aetas, 

sis  memor  et  te  animo  repetentem  exempla  tuorum 

et  pater  Aeneas  et  avunculus  excitet  Hector."      440 

Haec  ubi  dicta  dedit,  portis  sese  extulit  ingens, 
telum  immane  manu  quatiens;  siraul  agmine  dense 
Antheusque  Mnestheusque  ruunt  omnisque  relictis 
turba  flu  it  castris.     turn  caeco  pulvere  campus 
miscetur  pulsuque  pedum  tremit  excita  tellus,       445 
vidit  ab  adverso  venientis  aggere  Turnus, 
videre  Ausonii,  gelidusque  per  ima  cucurrit 

421-425  omitted  7».  «"  {„  volnere  P^Ey*. 

^-^  inanu  ^PP*y*:  manus  P^y^. 
"*  te  omitted  M^.  "*  ruit  P. 

328 


AENEID    BOOK    XII 

sprinkles  ambrosia's  healthful  juices  and  fragrant 
panacea.^  With  that  water  aged  lapyx  laved  the 
wound,  unwitting ;  and  suddenly,  of  a  truth,  all 
pain  fled  from  the  body,  all  blood  was  staunched 
deep  in  the  wound.  And  now,  following  his  hand, 
without  constraint,  the  arrow  fell  out,  and  newborn 
strength  returned,  as  of  yore.  "  Quick  I  bring  him 
arms  !  Why  stand  ye  ?  "  loudly  cries  lapyx,  fore- 
most to  fire  their  spirit  against  the  foe.  "  Not 
by  mortal  aid  comes  this,  not  by  masterful  art,  nor 
doth  hand  of  mine  save  thee,  Aeneas  ;  a  mightier 
one — a  god — works  here,  and  sends  thee  back  to 
mightier  deeds."  He,  eager  for  the  fray,  had 
sheathed  his  legs  in  gold,  on  right  and  left,  and, 
scorning  delay,  is  brandishing  his  spear.  Soon  as 
the  shield  is  fitted  to  his  side,  and  the  corslet  to  his 
back,  he  clasps  Ascanius  in  armed  embrace,  and, 
lightly  kissing  his  lips  through  the  helm,  he  cries  : 
"  Learn  valour  from  me,  my  son,  and  true  toil  ; 
fortune  from  others.  To-day  my  hand  shall  shield 
thee  in  war  and  lead  thee  where  are  great  rewards  : 
see  thou,  when  soon  thy  years  have  grown  to  ripe- 
ness, that  thou  be  mindful  thereof,  and,  as  thou 
recallest  the  pattern  of  thy  kin,  let  thy  sire  Aeneas, 
and  thy  uncle  Hector  stir  thy  soul  !" 

**^  These  words  uttered,  forth  from  the  gates  he 
passed  in  his  might,  his  hand  brandishing  a  massive 
spear  :  with  him  rush  Antheus  and  Mnestheus  in 
serried  column,  and  all  the  throng  streams  from  the 
forsaken  camp.  Tlien  the  plain  is  a  turmoil  of 
blinding  dust,  and  tlie  startled  earth  trembles  under 
the  tramp  of  feet.  From  the  facing  rampart  Turnus 
saw  them  coming ;  the  Ausonians  saw,  and  a  cold 

'  Ambrosia,  food  of  immortals,  and  panacea,  the  "  cure 
for  all,"  are  two  mythical  planU. 

S29 


VIRGII 

ossa  tremor ;  jirinia  ante  omnis  luturna  Latinos 
audiit  adgnovitque  soniim  et  tremefacta  refugit. 
ille  volat  campoque  atrum  rapit  agmen  aperto.      450 
qualis  ubi  ad  terras  abrupto  sidere  nimbus 
it  mare  per  medium  ;  miseris^  heu,  praescia  longe 
horrescunt  corda  agricolis  ;  dabit  ille  ruinas 
arboribus  stragemque  satis,  ruet  omnia  late  ; 
ante  volant  sonitumque  ferunt  ad  litora  venti :       455 
talis  in  adversos  ductor  Rhoeteius  hostis  mpiiv 

agmen  agit,  densi  cuneis  se  quisque  coactis 
adglomerant.  ferit  ense  gravem  Thymbraeus  Osirim, 
Arcetium  Mnestheus,  Epulonem  obtruncat  Achates, 
Ufentemque  Gyas;  cadit  ipse  Tolumnius  augur,     460 
primus  in  adversos  telum  qui  torserat  hostis. 
tollitur  in  caelum  clamor  versique  vicissim 
pulverulenta  fuga  Rutuli  dant  terga  per  agros. 
ipse  neque  aversos  dignatur  sternere  morti 
nee  pede  congressos  aequo  nee  tela  ferentis  465 

insequitur  ;  solum  densa  in  caligine  Turnum 
vestigat  lustrans,  solum  in  certamina  poscit. 

Hoc  concussa  metu  mentem  luturna  virago 
aurigam  Turni  media  inter  lora  Metiscum 
excutit  et  longe  lapsum  temone  relinquit ;  470 

ipsa  subit  manibusque  undantis  flectit  habenas, 
cuncta  gerens,  vocemque  et  corpus  et  arma  Metisci. 
nigra  velut  magnas  domini  cum  divitis  aedes 
pervolat  et  pinnis  alta  atria  lustrat  hirundo, 
pabula  parva  legens  nidisque  loquacibus  esoas,       475 

"9  adgnoscit  P.  «*  ^uit  M. 

*^^  volans  MP-y^.  *^'  coacti  J/'. 

"«  adversoa  MPy.  "'  reliquit  iP^PRy. 
330 


AENEID   BOOK    XII 

shudder  ran  through  their  inmost  marrow  :  first 
before  all  the  Latins  Juturna  heard  and  knew  the 
sound,  and  in  terror  fled  away.  Aeneas  wings  his 
way,  and  sweeps  his  dark  column  over  the  open 
plain.  As  when  a  tempest  bursts,  and  a  storm-cloud 
moves  towards  land  through  mid  ocean,  the  hearts 
of  hapless  husbandmen,  alas  !  know  it  from  far  and 
shudder — downfall  will  it  bring  to  trees  and  havoc 
to  crops,  it  will  o'erthrow  all  far  and  wide — before  it 
fly  the  winds,  and  waft  their  voices  shoreward  :  even 
so  the  Rhoeteian  ^  chief  full  against  the  foe  brings 
up  his  band ;  densely  they  gather,  each  and  all,  to 
his  side  in  close -packed  columns.  Thymbraeus 
smites  mighty  Osiris  v.ith  the  sword,  Mnestheus 
slays  Arcetius,  Achates  Epulo,  Gyas  Ufens ;  falls 
too  even  the  augur  Tolumnius,  who  first  had  hurled 
his  spear  full  against  the  foe.  A  shout  rises  to 
heaven,  and  in  turn  the  routed  Rutulians  mid  clouds 
of  dust  turn  their  backs  in  flight  across  the  fields. 
Himself  he  deigns  not  to  lay  low  tlie  fugitives  in 
death  nor  assails  he  such  as  meet  him  foot  to  foot 
or  wield  their  darts  :  Turnus  alone  he,  with  searching 
glance,  tracks  out  through  the  thick  gloom,  alone 
summons  to  battle. 

^6*  Stricken  in  heart  with  such  fear,  Juturna,  the 
warrior-maid,  flings  forth  Metiscus,  Turnus'  cha- 
rioteer, from  amid  his  reins,  and  leaves  him  afar, 
fallen  from  the  pole  ;  herself  takes  his  place,  and 
guides  with  her  hands  the  flowing  thongs,  assuming 
all  that  Metiscus  had, — his  voice,  form,  arms.  As 
when  a  black  swallow  flits  through  a  rich  lord's 
ample  mansion  and  wings  her  way  through  stately 
halls,  gleaning  for  her  chirping  nestlings  tiny  crumbs 

s.e.  Trojan. 

8S1 


VIRGIL 

et  nunc  porticibus  vacuis,  nunc  umida  circum 
stagna  sonat :  similis  medios  luturna  per  hostis 
fertur  equis  rapidoque  volans  obit  omnia  curru, 
iamque  hie  gei'manum  iamque  hie  ostentat  ovantem, 
nee  conferre  manum  patitur,  volat  avia  longe.        480 
baud  minus  Aeneas  tortos  legit  obvius  orbis 
vestigatque  virum  et  disiecta  per  agmina  magna 
voce  vocat.     quotiens  oculos  coniecit  in  hostera 
alipedumque  fugam  cursu  temptavit  equorum^ 
aversos  totiens  currus  luturna  retorsit.  4-85 

heu,  quid  agat?  vario  nequiquam  fluctuat  acstu 
diversaeque  vocant  animum  in  contraria  curae. 
huic  Messapus,  uti  laeva  duo  forte  gerebat 
lenta,  levis  cursu,  praefixa  hastib'a  ferro, 
hoi'um  unum  certo  contorquens  derigit  ictu.  490 

substitit  Aeneas  et  se  collegit  in  arma, 
popHte  subsidens ;  apicem  tamen  incita  summum 
hasta  tulit  summasque  exeussit  vertice  cristas, 
turn  vero  adsurgunt  irae,  insidiisque  subactus, 
diversos  ubi  sentit  equos  currumque  referri,  495 

multa  lovem  et  laesi  testatus  foederis  aras 
iam  tandem  invadit  medios  et  Marte  secundo 
terribibs  saevam  nullo  discrimine  caedem 
suscitat  irarunique  omnis  effundit  habenas. 

Quis  mihi  nunc  tot  acerba  deus^  quis  carmine  caedes 
diversas  obitumque  ducum,  quos  aequore  toto        501 
inque  vicem  nunc  Turnus  agit,  nunc  Troius  lieros, 
expediat  ?  tanton  placuit  concurrere  motu, 
luppiter,  aeterna  gentis  in  pace  futuras  ? 
Aeneas  Rutulum  Sucronem  (ea  prima  ruentis         505 


«"  ostendit  3I\  *"  totos  F. 

***  adversos  M^yc. 

*"*  sentit  M :  sensit  most  3fSS'. 

"8  testatur  PB.  '<•*  furentis  K 

332 


AENEID    BOOK    XII 

and  scraps  of  food,  and  twitters  now  in  the  empty 
courts,  now  about  the  watery  pools  :  even  so  Juturna 
is  borne  by  the  steeds  through  the  enemy's  midst, 
and  winging  her  way  in  swift  chariot  scours  all  the 
field.  And  now  here,  and  now  there,  she  displays 
her  triumphant  brother,  yet  suffers  him  not  to  close 
in  fight,  but  flits  far  away.  None  the  less  Aeneas 
threads  the  winding  maze  to  meet  him,  and  tracks 
his  steps,  and  amid  the  scattered  ranks  with  loud 
cry  calls  him.  Oft  as  he  cast  eyes  on  his  foe  and 
strove  by  running  to  match  the  flight  of  the  winged 
steeds,  so  oft  Juturna  turned  and  wheeled  her  car. 
Ah,  what  to  do  ?  Vainly  he  tosses  on  a  shifting 
tide,  and  conflicting  cares  call  his  mind  this  way  and 
that.  Against  him  Messapus,  who  haply  in  left  hand 
bore  two  tough  shafts  tipped  with  steel,  lightly 
advancing,  levels  one  and  whirls  it  with  unerring 
stroke.  Aeneas  halted,  and  gathered  himself  behind 
his  shield,  sinking  upon  his  knee  ;  yet  the  swift 
spear  bore  off  his  helmet-peak,  and  dashed  from  his 
head  the  topmost  plumes.  Then  indeed  his  wrath 
swells,  and  o'erborne  by  the  treachery,  when  he 
sees  that  the  steeds  and  chariot  of  his  foe  are  with- 
drawn afar,  having  oft  appealed  to  Jove  and  the 
altars  of  the  broken  treaty,  now  at  last  he  plunges 
into  the  midst,  and  adown  the  tide  of  war  terribly 
awakes  grim  indiscriminate  carnage,  flinging  loose 
all  the  reins  of  passion. 

500  Wliat  god  can  now  unfold  for  me  so  many 
horrors,  who  in  song  can  tell  such  diverse  deaths, 
and  the  fall  of  captains,  whom  now  Turnus,  now  the 
Trojan  hero,  drives  in  turn  o'er  all  the  plain  }  Was 
it  thy  will,  O  Jupiter,  that  in  so  vast  a  shock  should 
clash  nations  that  thereafter  would  dwell  in  everlast- 
ing peace  .''     Aeneas,  meeting  Rutulian  Sucro, — that 

333 


VIRGIL 

pugiia  loco  statiiit  Teucros),  haud  multa  morantem, 

excipit  in  latus  et,  qua  fata  celerrima^  crudum 

transadigit  costas  et  cratis  pectoris  ensem.  mpr 

Turnus  equo  deiectum  Amycum  fratremque  Diorem, 

congressus  pedes,  hunc  venientem  cuspide  longa,    510 

hunc  mucrone  ferit  curruque  abscisa  duorum 

suspendit  capita  et  rorantia  sanguine  portat. 

ille  Talon  Tanaimque  Neci  fortemque  Cetliegum, 

tris  uno  congressu,  et  maestum  mittit  Oniten, 

nonaen  Echionium  matrisque  genus  Peridiae ;         515 

hie  fratres  Lycia  missos  et  Apollinis  agris 

et  iuvenem  exosum  nequiquani  bella  Menoeten, 

Arcada,  piscosae  cui  circum  flumina  Lernae 

ars  fuerat  pauperque  domus  nee  nota  potentum 

limina  conductaque  pater  tellure  sei'ebat.  520 

ac  velut  immissi  diversis  partibus  ignes 

arentem  in  silvam  et  virgulta  sonantia  lauro, 

aut  ubi  decursu  rapido  de  montibus  altis 

dant  sonitum  spumosi  amnes  et  in  aequora  cur  runt 

quisque  suum  jiopulatus  iter :  non  segnius  ambo  525 

Aeneas  Turnusque  ruunt  per  proelia  ;  nunc,  nunc 

fluctuat  ira  intus,  rumpuntur  nescia  vinci 

pectora,  nunc  totis  in  volnera  viribus  itur. 

Murranum  hic,atavos  et  avorum  antiqua  sonantem 
oomina  per  regesque  actum  genus  omne  Latinos,    530 
praecijiiteni  scopulo  atque  ingentis  turbine  saxi 
excutit  effunditque  solo  :  hunc  lora  et  iuga  subter 
provolvere  rotae,  crebro  super  ungula  pulsu 

^"^  inorantis  V.  ^^^  abscissa  MR. 

^i^  nomine  31,  Icnown  to  Servma:  nomine  chiouium  ^7. 
^^**  limina  J/;  munura,  most  MSS.  and  Servius.    sedebatJ/'. 
52»  ardenlem  J/^.  ***  excutit]  excipit  M. 

334 


AENEID    BOOK    XII 

combat  first  brought  the  Trojan  onset  to  a  stand — 
with  brief  delay  smites  him  upon  the  flank,  and, 
where  death  comes  speediest,  drives  the  cruel  steel 
through  the  ribs  that  fence  the  chest.  Turnus  dis- 
mounts Amj'cus  and  his  brother  Diores,  and,  assailing 
them  on  foot,  strikes  the  one  with  long  spear  as  he 
advances,  the  other  with  his  sword  ;  then,  hanging 
fi'om  his  car  the  severed  heads  of  the  twain,  he  bears 
them  off  dripping  with  blood.  Aeneas  sends  to  death 
Talos  and  Tanais  and  brave  Cethegus,  tliree  at  one 
onslaught,  and  sad  Onites,  of  Echionian  name,^  whose 
mother  was  Peridia  ;  Turnus  the  brothers  sent  from 
Lycia  and  Apollo's  fields,-  and  young  Menoetes  of 
Arcadia,  who  loathed  warfare  in  vain  :  round  fish- 
haunted  Lerna's  streams  had  been  his  craft  and 
humble  home,  nor  knew  he  the  portals  of  the  great, 
but  his  father  sowed  on  hired  soil.  And  like  fires 
launched  from  opposing  sides  upon  a  di-y  forest  and 
thickets  of  crackling  laurel,  or  as  when  in  swift 
descent  from  mountain-heights  foaming  rivers  roar 
and  race  seaward,  each  leaving  its  own  path  waste  : 
with  no  less  fury  the  twain,  Aeneas  and  Turnus, 
sweep  through  the  battle ;  now,  now  wrath  surges 
within  them  ;  bursting  are  their  heai'ts,  knowing  not 
to  yield  ;  now,  with  main  strength,  they  rush  upon 
wounds. 

^-^  Murranus,  as  he  vaunts  of  grandsires,  and  grand- 
sires'  sires  of  ancient  name,  and  a  whole  line  traced 
through  Latin  kings,  headlong  with  a  stone  and 
mighty  whirling  rock  Aeneas  dashes  down  and 
tumbles  on  the  ground ;  under  reins  and  yoke  the 
wheels  rolled  him  along,  and  o'er  him,  trampling  him 

^  i.e.  of  Theban  name  or  stock.  Euhion  was  the  mythical 
founder  of  Thebes. 

*  (;/".  Aen.  x.  126.     Lycia  was  a  favourite  haunt  of  Apollo. 

335 


VIRGIL 

incita  nee  domini  memorum  proculcat  equorum. 
ille  ruenti  Hyllo  animisque  immane  frementi         535 
occurrit  telumque  aurata  ad  tempora  torquet : 
olli  per  galeam  fixo  stet.it  hasta  cerebro. 
dextera  nee  tua  te,  Graium  fortissime  Cretheu, 
eripuit  Turno,  nee  di  texere  Cupencum, 
Aenea  veniente,  sui ;  dedit  obvia  ferro  540 

pectora  nee  misero  clipei  mora  profuit  aerei. 
te  quoque  Laurentes  viderunt,  Aeole^  campi 
oppetere  et  late  terrain  consternere  tergo  : 
occidis,  Argivae  quem  non  potuere  phalanges 
sternere  nee  Priami  regnorum  eversor  Achilles ;    54-5 
hie  tibi  mortis  erant  metae,  domus  alta  sub  Ida, 
Lyrnesi  domus  alta,  solo  Laurente  sepulchrum. 
totae  adeo  conversae  acies  omnesque  Latin!, 
omnes  Dardanidae,  Mnestheus  acerque  Serestus 
et  Messapus  equum  domitor  et  fortis  Asilas  550 

Tuscorumque  phalanx  Euandrique  Arcades  alae, 
pro  se  quisque  viri  summa  nituntur  opum  vi ; 
nee  mora  nee  requies,  vasto  certamine  tendunt. 

Hie  mentem  Aeneae  genetrix  pulcherrima  misit, 
iret  ut  ad  muros  urbique  adverteret  agmen  555 

ocius  et  subita  turbaret  clade  Latinos, 
ille  ut  vestigans  diversa  per  agmina  Turnum 
hue  atque  hue  acies  circumtulit,  aspicit  urbem 
immunem  tanti  belli  atque  impune  quietam. 
continue  pugnae  accendit  maioris  imago  ;  560 

Mnesthea  Sergestumque  vocat  fortemque  Serestum 

'*^  aerei  Aldine  edition  (1501) :  aeris  MSS- 
**^  quietem  Ry* 
336 


AENEID   BOOK    XII 

down  with  many  a  beat,  rush  the  hoofs  of  the  steeds 
that  remember  not  their  lord.  The  other,  as  Hyllus 
rushes  on  with  boundless  fury  at  heart,  meets  him 
and  whirls  a  dart  at  his  gold-bound  brow  :  piercing 
the  hehu,  the  spear  stood  fast  in  his  brain.  Nor 
did  thy  right  hand,  Cretheus,  thou  bravest  of  the 
Greeks,  save  thee  from  Turnus,  nor  did  his  gods 
shield  their  Cupencus  when  Aeneas  came  :  ^  he  put 
his  breast  in  the  weapon's  path,  and  the  brazen 
buckler's  stay,  alas !  availed  him  not.  Thee  too, 
Aeolus,  the  Laurentine  plains  saw  sink,  and  spread 
thy  frame  abroad  o'er  the  earth  :  thou  fallest,  whom 
the  Argive  battalions  could  not  lay  low,  nor  Achilles, 
destroyer  of  Priam's  realms.  Here  was  thy  bourne 
of  death  ;  beneath  Ida  was  thy  stately  home, — thy 
stately  home  at  Lyrnesus,  in  Laurentine  soil  thy 
sepulchre.  Yea,  the  whole  lines,  turning  to  the 
fray — all  the  Latins  and  all  the  Greeks,  Mnestheus 
and  valiant  Serestus  ;  Messapus,  tamer  of  horses,  and 
brave  Asilas  ;  the  Tuscan  battalion  and  Evander's 
Arcadian  squadrons — each  doing  his  all,  strain  with 
utmost  force  of  strength ;  no  stint,  no  stay ;  in 
measureless  conflict  they  struggle. 

^^^  Hereupon  his  beauteous  mother  inspired  Aeneas 
with  the  thought  to  advance  on  the  walls,  fling  his 
column  on  the  town,  and  confound  the  Latins  with 
sudden  disaster.  While  he,  tracking  Turnus  hei'e 
and  there  throughout  the  host,  swept  his  glance 
this  way  and  that,  he  views  the  city  free  from  that 
fierce  warfare,  peaceful  and  unharmed.  Straightway 
a  vision  of  greater  battle  fires  his  heart ;  he  calls 
his  captains,  Mnestheus  and  Sergestus,    and   brave 

^  According  to  Servius,  Gnpencus  in  the  Sabine  language 
means  a  priest,  corresponding  to  Flamen  and  Ponli/ex  in 
Latin.     Hence  di  aui. 

337 


VIRGIL 

ductores  tumulumque  capit,  quo  cetera  Teucrum' 
concurrit  legio,  nee  scuta  aut  spicula  densi 
deponunt.     celso  medius  stans  aggere  fatur : 
"ne  qua meisestodictis  mora;  luppiter  hacstat;     565 
neu  quis  ob  inceptum  subitum  mihi  segnior  ito. 
urbem  hodie,  causam  belli^  regna  ipsa  Latini, 
ni  frenum  accipere  et  victi  parere  fatentur, 
eruam  et  aequa  solo  fumantia  culinina  ponam. 
scilicet  exspectem,  libeat  dum  proelia  Turno  570 

nostra  pati  rursusque  velit  concurrere  victus  ? 
hoc  cajjut,  o  civeSj  Iiaec  belli  summa  nefandi. 
ferte  faces  propere  foedusque  reposcite  flammis." 
dixerat,  atque  animis  pariter  certantibus  omnes 
dant  cuneum  densaque  ad  muros  mole  feruntur.    575 
scalae  iuiproviso  subitusque  apparuit  ignis, 
discurrunt  alii  ad  portas  priuiosque  trucidant, 
ferrum  alii  torquent  et  obuni  brant  aethera  telis. 
ipse  inter  primos  dextram  sub  moenia  tendit 
Aeneas  magnaque  incusat  voce  Latinum  580 

testaturque  deos,  iterum  se  ad  proelia  cogi, 
bis  iam  Italos  hostis,  haec  altera  foedera  rumpi. 
exoritur  trepidos  inter  discordia  civis  : 
urbem  alii  reserare  iubent  et  pandere  portas 
Dardanidis  ipsumque  trahunt  in  moenia  regem  ;    585 
arma  ferunt  alii  et  pergunt  defendere  muros : 
inclusas  ut  cum  latebroso  in  pumice  pastor 
uestigavit  apes  fumoque  implevit  amaro, 
illae  intus  trepidae  rerum  per  cerea  castra 
discurrunt  magnisque  acuunt  stridoribus  iras ;        590 

^'^^  fatetur  J/V  «ss  j^aec  iam  altera  J/*. 

**'  ut  cum]  veluti  21. 
338 


AENEID   BOOK    XII 

Serestus,  and  plants  himself  on  a  mounds  where  the 
rest  of  the  Teucrian  host  throng  thickly  around,  yet 
drop  not  shield  nor  spear.  Standing  in  their  midst 
on  the  mounded  height  he  cries  :  "  Let  naught  delay 
my  command  ;  God  is  on  our  side ;  nor  let  any,  I 
pray,  be  slower  to  advance  because  the  venture  is  so 
sudden.  Yon  city,  the  cause  of  war,  the  very  seat 
of  Latinus'  realm,  unless  they  consent  to  receive  our 
yoke,  and  to  submit  as  vanquished,  this  very  day 
will  I  o'erthrow,  and  lay  its  smoking  roofs  level 
with  the  ground.  Am  I,  forsooth,  to  wait  till  it  be 
Turnus'  humour  to  bide  battle  with  me,  and  till, 
once  beaten,  he  choose  to  meet  me  a  second  time  ? 
This,  fellow-citizens,  is  the  head,  this  the  sum,  of 
the  accursed  war.  Bring  brands  with  speed,  and  in 
fire  reclaim  the  treaty."  He  ceased, — and  lo  !  with 
hearts  alike  emulous,  all  form  a  wedge  and  advance 
in  serried  mass  to  the  walls.  In  a  moment  ladders 
and  sudden  flames  are  seen.  Some  rush  to  the 
several  gates  and  cut  down  the  foremost  guards  ; 
others  hurl  their  steel  and  veil  the  sky  with  javelins. 
Himself  in  the  van,  Aeneas  uplifts  his  hand  to  the 
walls,  loudly  reproaches  Latinus,  and  calls  the  gods 
to  witness  that  again  he  is  forced  into  battle,  that 
twice  the  Italians  become  his  foes,  and  that  this 
treaty  is  the  second  broken.  Strife  uprises  among 
the  startled  citizens  :  some  bid  unbar  the  town  and 
throw  wide  the  gates  to  the  Dardans,  and  would 
drag  the  king  himself  to  the  ramparts  ;  others  bring 
arms,  and  haste  to  defend  the  walls.  As  when  some 
shepherd  has  tracked  bees  to  their  lair  in  rocky 
covert,  and  filled  it  with  stinging  smoke ;  they 
within,  startled  for  their  safety,  scurry  to  and  fro 
through  the  waxen  fortress,  and  with  loud  buzzings 

3S9 
s  2 


VIRGIL 

volvitur  ater  odor  tectis,  turn  murmure  caeco 
intus  saxa  sonant^  vacuas  it  fumus  ad  auras. 

Accidit  haec  fessis  etiam  fortuna  Latinis, 
quae  totam  luctu  concussit  funditus  urbem. 
regina  ut  tectis  venientem  prospicit  hostem,  595 

incessi  muros^  ignis  ad  tccta  volare^ 
nusquam  acies  contra  Rutulas^  nulla  agmina  Turni, 
infelix  pugnae  iuvenem  in  certamine  credit 
exstinctum  et,  subito  mentem  turbata  dolore, 
se  causam  clamat  crimenque  caputque  malorunij    600 
multaque  per  maestum  demens  efFata  furorem, 
purpureos  nioritura  manu  discindit  amictus 
et  nodum  iaformis  leti  trabe  nectit  ab  alta. 
quam  cladem  miserae  postquam  accepere  Latinae, 
filia  prima  manu  floros  Lavinia  crinis  605 

et  roseas  laniata  genas,  tum  cetera  circum 
turba  furit ;  resonant  latae  plangoribus  aedes. 
hinc  totam  infelix  volgatur  fama  per  urbem. 
demittunt  mentes,  it  scissa  veste  Latin  us, 
coniugis  attonitus  fatis  urbisque  ruina.  6lO 

canitiem  immundo  perfusam  pulvere  turpans. 

Interea  extremo  bellator  in  aequore  Turnus  6l4 
palantis  sequitur  paucos  iam  segnior  atque  6l5 

iam  minus  atque  minus  successu  laetus  equorum. 
attulit  hue  illi  caecis  terroribus  aura 
commixtum  clamorem  arrectasque  impulit  auris 
confusae  sonus  urbis  et  inlaetabile  murmur. 
"ei  mihi !  quid  tanto  turbantur  moenia  luctu  ?       620 
quisve  ruit  tantus  diversa  clamor  ab  urbe  ?  " 

*'^  incedi  ^P■:  incendi  y :  incensi  E. 

^'^^  floros  Probus,  Senius :  flavo3  MSS. 

«0"  latae  ^PIic :  late  M*Pyh. 

612:  613  multaque  se  incusat,  qui  non  acceperit  ante  |  Dar- 
danium  Aenean  generumque  adsciverit  ultro  omitted  MPEyh ; 
taken  from  xi.  471,  ■472. 


AENEID   BOOK   XII 

whet  their  rage ;  the  black  reek  rolls  through  their 
dwelling,  the  I'ocks  within  hum  with  hidden  murmur, 
and  smoke  issues  to  the  empty  air, 

*^^  This  further  fate  befell  the  labouring  Latins, 
and  shook  the  whole  city  to  her  base  with  grief. 
When  from  her  palace  the  queen  sees  the  foe 
approach,  the  walls  assailed,  flames  mounting  to  the 
roofs,  yet  nowhere  Rutulian  ranks,  no  troops  of 
Turnus  to  meet  them,  alas !  she  thinks  her  warrior 
slain  in  combat,  and,  her  mind  distraught  by  sudden 
anguish,  cries  out  that  she  is  the  guilty  source  and 
spring  of  sorrows,  and  uttering  many  a  wild  word  in 
the  frenzy  of  grief,  resolved  to  die,  rends  her  purple 
robes,  and  from  a  lofty  beam  fastens  the  noose  of  a 
hideous  death.  Soon  as  the  unhappy  Latin  women 
learned  this  disaster,  first  her  daughter  Lavinia,  her 
hand  tearing  her  flowery  tresses  and  roseate  cheeks, 
then  all  the  throng  around  her,  madly  rave  ;  the 
wide  halls  ring  with  lamentations.  Thence  the  woe- 
ful rumour  spreads  throughout  the  town.  Hearts 
sink  ;  with  rent  raiment  goes  Latinus  dazed  at  his 
wife's  doom  and  his  city's  downfall,  defiling  his  hoary 
hairs  with  showers  of  unclean  dust. 

^1*  Meanwhile  Turnus,  battling  on  the  plain's  far 
edge,  is  pursuing  scanty  stragglers,  slacker  now  and 
less  and  less  exultant  in  the  triumph  of  his  steeds. 
To  him  the  breeze  bore  that  cry  blended  with 
terrors  unknown,  and  on  his  straining  ears  smote  the 
sound  and  joyless  murmur  of  the  town  in  turmoil. 
"  Ah  me  !  what  is  this  great  sorrow  that  shakes  the 
walls  ?     What  is  this  cry  speeding  from  the  distant 

341 


VIRGIL 

sic  ait  addactisqne  amens  subsistit  habenis. 
atqne  hoic,  in  faciem  soror  ut  conversa  Metisci 
aorigae  cumimque  et  equos  et  lora  regebat. 
talibas  occurrit  dictis  :  "  hac,  Tume,,  sequamur      625 
TroiagenaSj  qua  prima  viam  Victoria  pandit : 
sunt  alii,  qui  tecta  manu  defendere  possint. 
ingTuit  Aeneas  Italis  et  proelia  miscet : 
et  nos  saeva  manu  mittamus  fnnera  Teucris. 
nee  namero  inferior,  pugnae  nee  honore  recedes."  6S0 
Tomus  ad  haec : 

••'o  soror,  et  dudum  adgno\-i,  cum  prima  per  artem 
foedera  turbasti  teque  haec  in  bella  dedisti, 
et  nunc  nequiquam  fallis  dea,     sed  quis  Olrmjx) 
demissam  tantos  voluit  te  ferre  labores  ?  685 

an  fratris  miseri  letum  ut  crudele  \ideres  ? 
nam  quid  ago?  aut  quae  iam  spondet  Fortuna  salutem  : 
vidi  oculos  ante  ipie  meos  me  voce  vocantem 
Murranum,  quo  non  superat  mihi  carior  alter, 
oppetere  ingentem  atque  ingenti  volnere  victuin.   6^0 
occidit  infclix,  ne  nostrum  dedecus  Ufens 
aspiceret ;  Teucri  jx)tiuntur  corpore  et  armis. 
exscindine  domos  (id  rebus  defuit  unum), 
j>erpetiar,  deitra  nee  Drancis  dicta  refellam  ?        64-4 
terga  dabo  et  Tumum  fugientem  haec  terra  \idebit.' 
usque  adeone  mori  miserum  est?  vos  o  mihi,  Manes, 
este  boni,  quoniam  superis  adversa  voluntas. 
sancta  ad  vos  anima  atque  istius  inscia  culpae 
dcacmdam,  magnorom  baud  umquam  indignos 
aTomm." 
Vix  ea  fatus  erat,  medios  volat  ecce  per  hosHs  650 
rectus  equo  spumante  Saces,  adversa  sagitta  mp 

'>•  ceret&t  F-^.  **'  poasunt  P. 

**»  Dc«-.raa:'..s  P  ••'  aver»  PR. 

S4t 


AENEID   BOOK   XII 

town  ?  "  So  he  speaks,  and  in  frenzy  draws  in  the 
reins  and  halts.  Thereon  his  sister,  as,  changed  to 
the  form  of  his  charioteer  Metiscus,  she  guided  car 
and  steeds  and  reins,  meets  him  with  these  words  : 
*•'  This  way,  Turnus,  pursue  we  the  sons  of  Troy, 
where  victory  first  opens  a  path  ;  others  there  are 
whose  hands  can  guard  their  homes.  Aeneas  falls 
upon  the  Italians  with  turmoil  of  battle  ;  let  our 
hand  too  deal  fierce  havoc  among  his  Teucrians  ' 
Neither  in  tale  of  dead,  nor  in  fame  of  war,  shalt 
thou  come  off"  the  worse."  To  this  Turnus  :  "  Sister, 
both  long  since  I  knew  thee,  when  first  thou  didst 
craftily  mar  the  pact  and  fling  thyself  into  this  war, 
and  now  thou  vainly  hidest  thy  deity.  But  wlio 
willed  that  thou  be  sent  down  from  Olympus  to  bear 
such  sore  toils  ?  Was  it  that  thou  mightest  see  thy 
hapless  brother's  cruel  death  ?  For  what  may  I  do  ? 
Or  what  chance  can  now  assure  me  safety  ?  Before 
my  very  eyes,  as  loudly  he  called  upon  me,  have  I 
seen  Murranus  fall, — no  other  deai-er  than  he  is  left 
me — a  mighty  soul  and  laid  low  by  a  mighty  wound. 
Fallen  is  luckless  Ufens,  that  so  he  might  not  view 
our  shame :  the  Teucrians  hold  his  corpse  and 
armour.  The  razing  of  their  homes — the  one  thing 
lacking  to  my  lot— shall  I  endure  it,  nor  with  my 
sword  refute  Drances'  taunts  ?  Shall  I  turn  my 
back,  and  shall  this  land  see  Turnus  in  flight?  Is 
death  all  so  sad .''  Be  kind  to  me,  ye  Shades, 
since  the  gods  above  have  turned  their  faces  from 
me.  A  stainless  soul,  and  ignorant  of  that  re- 
proach, I  will  descend  to  you,  never  unworthy  of 
my  mighty  sires  of  old  !  " 

^'•''^  Scarce  had  he  spoken,  when  lo !  borne  on 
foaming  steed  through  the  foemen's  midst  speeds 
Saces,  wounded  full  in  face  by  an  arrow,  and,  rush- 

34.3 


VIRGIL 

saucius  ora,  ruitque  implorans  nomine  Tumnm : 
"  Turnej  in  te  suprema  salus  ;  miserere  tuorum. 
fulminat  Aeneas  annis  summasque  minatur 
deiecturum  arces  Italum  exeidioque  daturum,        655 
iamque  faces  ad  tecta  volant,     in  te  ora  Latini^ 
in  te  oculos  refernnt ;  mussat  rex  ipse  Latinus, 
quos  generos  vocet  aut  quae  sese  ad  foedera  flectat. 
praeterea  regina,  tui  fidissima^  dextra 
occidit  ipsa  sua  lucemque  exterrita  fugit.  660 

soli  pro  portis  Messapus  et  acer  Atinas 
sustentant  acies.    circum  hos  utrimque  phalanges 
stant  densae  strictisque  seges  mucronibus  hon-et 
ferrea  :  tu  currum  deserto  in  gramine  versas." 
obstipuit  varia  confusus  imagine  rerum  665 

Tumus  et  obtutu  tacito  stetit ;  aestuat  ingens 
uno  in  corde  pudor  mixtoque  insania  luctu 
et  fiiriis  agitatus  amor  et  conscia  virtus.  mpv 

ut  primum  discussae  umbrae  et  lux  reddita  menti. 
ardentis  oculorum  orbis  ad  moenia  torsit  670 

turbidus  eque  rotis  magnam  respexit  ad  urbem. 

Ecce  autem  flammis  inter  tabulata  volutus 
ad  caelum  undabat  vertex  turrimque  tenebat, 
turrim,  compactis  trabibus  quam  eduxerat  ipse 
subdideratque  rotas  pontisque  instraverat  altos.     675 
"  iam  iam  fata^  soror,  superant :  absiste  morari ; 
quo  deus  et  quo  dura  vocat  Fortuna,  sequamur. 
stat  conferre  manum  Aeneae,  stat^  quidquid  acerbi  est, 
morte  pati ;  neque  me  indecorem,  germana,  videbis 
amplius.   hunc,  oro,  sine  me  furere  ante  furorem."   680 

«6«  aciem  P.        ***  c/.  x.  S70/.         *"  qua  dura  P. 
3i4 


AENEID   BOOK   XII 

ing  on,  calls  for  aid  by  name  on  Turnus :  '*  TurnuSj 
in  thee  lies  our  last  hope  ;  pity  thy  people  !  Aeneas 
thunders  in  arms,  and  threatens  to  overthrow  Italy's 
highest  towers  and  give  them  to  destruction :  even 
now  brands  are  flying  to  the  roofs.  To  thee  the 
Latins  turn  their  looks,  to  thee  their  eyes  ;  King  Lati- 
nus  himself  mutters  in  doubt,  whom  to  call  his  sons, 
or' towards  what  alliance  to  incline.  Moreover  the 
queen,  all  whose  trust  was  in  thee,  has  fallen  by  her 
own  hand,  and  fled  in  terror  from  the  light.  Alone 
before  the  gates  Messapus  and  valiant  Atinas  sustain 
our  lines.  Around  these  on  either  side  stand  serried 
squadrons,  and  a  harvest  of  steel  bristles  with  drawn 
swords  ;  yet  thou  wheelest  thy  car  o'er  the  deserted 
sward."  Aghast  and  bewildered  by  the  changeful 
picture  of  disaster,  Turnus  stood  mutely  gazing ; 
within  that  single  heart  surges  mighty  shame,  and 
madness  mingled  with  grief,  and  love  stung  by  fury, 
and  the  consciousness  of  worth.  Soon  as  the  shadows 
scattered  and  light  dawned  afresh  on  his  mind,  his 
blazing  eyeballs  he  turned  wrathfully  upon  the  walls 
and  from  his  car  looked  back  upon  the  spacious  city. 
^'^'^  But  lo  I  from  storey  to  storey  a  rolling  spire  of 
flame  was  eddying  heavenward,  and  fastening  upon  a 
tower — a  tower  that  he  himself  had  reared  of  jointed 
beams  and  set  on  wheels  and  slung  with  lofty  gang- 
ways.^ "  Now,  my  sister,  now  Fate  triumphs :  cease 
to  hinder ;  where  God  and  cruel  Fortune  call,  let  us 
follow  !  Resolved  am  I  to  meet  Aeneas,  resolved 
to  bear  in  death  all  its  bitterness ;  nor  longer,  sister 
mine,  shalt  thou  behold  me  shamed.  With  this 
madness  suffer  me  ere  the  end,  I  pray,  to  be  a  mad- 

'  c/.  the  account  at  ix.  530  fF.  These  defensive  towers 
were  provided  with  wheels,  and  with  gangways,  which  could 
be  lowered  to  the  walls. 

845 


VIRGIL 

dixit  et  e  cuitu  saltum  dedit  ociiis  arvis 

perque  hostis^  per  tela  ruit  maestamque  sororern 

deserit  ac  rapido  cursu  media  agmina  rumpit. 

ac  veluti  montis  saxum  de  vertice  praeceps 

cum  ruit,  avolsum  vento,  seu  turbidus  imber  685 

proluit  aut  annis  solvit  sublapsa  vetustas  ; 

fertur  in  abruptum  magno  mons  improbus  actu 

exsultatque  solo,  silvas,  armenta  virosque  mprv 

involvens  secum  :  disiecta  per  agmina  Turnus 

sic  urbis  ruit  ad  muros,  ubi  plurima  fuso  69O 

sanguine  terra  madet  striduntque  hastilibus  aurae, 

significatque  manu  et  magno  simul  incipit  ore  : 

"  parcite  iam,  Rutuli,  et  vos  tela  inhibete,  Latini : 

quaecumque  est  fortuna,  mea  est;  me  verius  unum 

pro  vobis  foedus  lucre  et  decernei'e  ferro."  695 

discessere  omnes  medii  spatiumque  dedere. 

At  pater  Aeneas  audito  nomine  Turni 
deserit  et  muros  et  summas  deserit  arces 
praecipitatque  moras  omnis,  opera  omnia  rumpit, 
laetitia  exsultans,  horrendumque  intonat  armis  ;    700 
quantus  Athos  aut  quantus  Eryx  aut  ipse  coruscis 
cum  fremit  ilicibus  quantus  gaudetque  nivali 
vertice  se  attollens  pater  Appenninus  ad  auras, 
iam  vero  et  Rutuli  certatim  et  Troes  et  omnes 
convertere  oculos  Itali,  quique  alta  tenebant  705 

moenia  quique  imos  pulsabant  ariete  muros, 
armaque  deposuere  umeris.     stupet  ipse  Latinus 
ingentis,  genitos  diversis  partibus  orbis, 
inter  se  coiisse  viros  et  cernere  ferro. 
atque  illi,  ut  vacuo  patuerunt  aequore  campi,         710 
procursu  rapido,  coniectis  eminus  hastis, 

"^  Athon  hh,  Servius. 

'"'  et  omitted  c.     cernere  P^,  Seneca  (Ep.  58.  3),  Sermus: 
discernere  b,  knoton  to  Priscian  :  decernere  most  MSS. ,  knoion 
to  Serviue, 
346 


AENEID   BOOK  XII 

man."  He  said,  and  leapt  quickly  from  his  car  to  the 
field,  and  rushing  through  foes  and  through  spears, 
leaves  his  sorrowing  sister,  and  burst  in  rapid  course 
amid  their  columns.  And  as  when  a  rock  from 
mountain-top  rushes  headlong,  torn  away  by  the 
blast — whether  the  whirling  storm  has  washed  it 
free,  or  time  stealing  on  with  lapse  of  years  has 
loosened  it ;  down  the  steep  with  mighty  rush 
sweeps  the  reckless  mass,  and  bounds  over  the  earth, 
rolling  with  it  trees,  herds,  and  men :  so  amid  the 
scattered  ranks  Turnus  rushes  to  the  city-walls, 
where  the  ground  is  deepest  drenched  with  spilled 
blood,  and  the  air  is  shrill  with  spears ;  then  beckons 
with  his  hand  and  thus  begins  aloud  :  "  Forbear  now, 
Rutulians,  and  ye  Latins,  stay  your  darts.  What- 
ever fortune  is  here  is  mine  ;  'tis  better  that  I  alone 
in  your  stead  atone  for  the  covenant,  and  decide  the 
issue  with  the  sword."  All  drew  apart  from  the 
midst  and  gave  him  room. 

^®^  But  father  Aeneas,  hearing  Turnus'  name,  for- 
sakes the  walls,  forsakes  the  lofty  fortress,  flings 
aside  all  delay,  breaks  off  all  tasks,  and,  exultant 
with  joy,  thunders  terribly  on  his  arms :  vast  as 
Athos,  vast  as  Eryx  or  vast  as  Father  A|)ennine 
himself,  when  he  roars  with  his  quivering  oaks,  and 
joyously  lifts  heavenward  his  snowy  head.  Now 
indeed,  all  turned  emulous  eyes, — Rutulians,  and 
Trojans,  and  Italians,  both  they  who  held  the  lofty 
ramparts,  and  they  whose  ram  battered  the  walls 
below — and  doffed  the  armour  from  their  shoulders. 
Latinus  himself  is  amazed  that  these  mighty  men,  born 
in  far  distant  climes,  are  met  together  and  make  deci- 
sion with  the  sword.  And  they,  soon  as  the  lists  were 
clear  on  the  open  plain,  dash  swiftly  forward,  first 

847 


VIRGIL 

invadunt  Martem  clipeis  atque  aere  sonoro. 

dat  gemitum  tellus ;  turn  crebros  ensibus  ictus 

congeminant ;  fors  et  virtus  miscentur  in  unura. 

ac  velut  ingenti  Sila  summove  Taburno  715 

cum  duo  conversis  inimica  in  proelia  taui'i 

frontibus  incurrunt ;  pavidi  cessere  magistri ; 

Stat  pecus  omne  metu  mutum  mussantque  iuvencae, 

quis  nemori  imperitet^  quem  tota  armenta  se- 

quantur ;  mpr 

illi  inter  sese  multa  vi  volnera  miscent  720 

cornuaque  obnixi  infigunt  et  sanguine  largo 
colla  armosque  lavant;  gemitu  nemus  omne  remugit: 
non  aliter  Tros  Aeneas  et  Daunius  heros 
concurrunt  clipeis ;  ingens  fragor  aethera  complet. 
luppiter  ipse  duas  aequato  examine  lances  725 

sustinet  et  fata  imponit  diversa  duorum, 
quem  damnet  labor  et  quo  vergat  pondere  letum. 

Emicat  hie,  impune  putans,  et  corpore  toto 
alte  sublatum  consurgit  Turnus  in  ensem 
et  ferit :  exclamant  Troes  trepidique  Latini,  730 

arrectaeque  amborum  acies  :  at  perfidus  ensis 
frangitur  in  medioque  ardentem  deserit  ictu, 
ni  fuga  subsidio  subeat.     fugit  ocior  Euro, 
ut  capulum  ignotum  dextramque  aspexit  inermem. 
fama  est  praecipitem,  cum  prima  in  proelia  iunctos  735 
conscendebat  equos,  patrio  mucrone  relicto, 
dum  trepidat,  ferrum  aurigae  rapuisse  Metisci : 
idque  diu,  dum  terga  dabant  palantia  Teucri, 
suffecit ;  postquam  arma  dei  ad  Volcania  ventum  est, 
mortalis  mucro,  glacies  ceu  futtilis,  ictu  740 

'''  crebris  ^^7^,  '^*  miscetur  V. 

'1^  silva  Ey'^,  knoivn  to  Servius. 
'^'  pecori  y*.  '*"  proelia  7V 

'*'  et]  aut  b,  Nonhis,  Serrins. 
"?  ictum  MJi.  "*  primum  PJly.     ad  PyK 

348 


AENEID    BOOK    XII 

hurlin<T  their  spears  from  far,  and  rush  on  the  fray 
with  shields  and  clanging  brass.  Earth  groans  ;  then 
with  the  sword  they  shower  blow  on  blow,  chance 
and  valour  blending  in  one.  And  as  in  mighty  Sila 
or  on  Taburnus'  height,  when  two  bulls  charge, 
brow  to  brow,  in  mortal  battle,  back  in  terror  fall 
the  keepers,  the  whole  hei'd  stands  mute  with  dread, 
and  the  heifers  dumbly  ponder  who  shall  be  lord  of 
the  forest,  whom  all  the  herds  shall  follow  ;  they 
with  mighty  force  deal  mutual  wounds,  gore  with 
butting  horns,  and  bathe  neck  and  shoulders  in 
streaming  blood  ;  all  the  woodland  re-echoes  with 
the  bellowing :  even  so  Trojan  Aeneas  and  the 
Daunian  hero  clash  shield  on  shield  ;  the  mighty 
crash  fills  the  sky.  Jupiter  himself  upholds  two 
scales  in  even  balance,  and  lays  therein  the  diverse 
destinies  of  both,  whom  the  strife  dooms,  and  with 
whose  weight  death  sinks  down.^ 

728  Now  forth  springs  Turnus,  deeming  it  safe, 
rises  full  height  on  his  uplifted  sword,  and  strikes. 
The  Trojans  and  expectant  Latins  cry  aloud ;  both 
hosts  are  on  tiptoe  with  excitement.  But  the 
traitorous  sword  snaps,  and  in  mid  stroke  fails  its 
fiery  lord,  did  not  flight  come  to  his  succour.  Swifter 
than  the  East  wind  he  flies,  soon  as  he  marks  an 
unknown  hilt  in  his  defenceless  hand.  Fame  tells 
that  in  his  headlong  haste,  when  first  mounting 
behind  his  yoked  steeds  for  battle,  he  left  his 
father's  blade  behind  and  in  his  haste  snatched  up 
the  steel  of  Metiscus  his  charioteer  ;  and  for  long 
that  served,  while  the  straggling  Teucrians  turned 
their  backs :  but  when  it  met  the  god-wrought 
armour  of  Vulcan,  the  mortal  blade,  like  brittle  ice, 

'  For  this  weighing  of  the  fates,  see  Homer,  Iliad,  xxii. 
209  ffi     The  sinkiug  scale  means  death. 

349 


VIRGIL 

dissiluit;  fiilva  resplendent  fragraina  harena. 

ergo  aniens  diversa  iuga  petit  aequora  Turnus 

et  nunc  hue,  inde  hue  incertos  implicat  orbis ; 

undique  enim  densa  Teucri  inclusere  corona 

atque  hinc  vasta  palus,  hinc  ardua  moenia  cingunt.  745 

Nee  minus  Aeneas,  quamquam  tardata  sagitta 
interdum  genua  impediunt  cursumque  recusant, 
insequitur  trepidique  pedem  pede  fervidus  urget; 
inclusum  veluti  si  quando  flumine  nactus 
cervum  aut  puniceae  saeptum  formidine  pinnae    750 
venator  cursu  canis  et  latratibus  instat; 
ille  autem,  insidiis  et  ripa  territus  alta, 
mille  fugit  refugitque  vias  ;  at  vividus  Umber 
haeret  hians,  iam  iamque  tenet  similisque  tenenti 
increpuit  mails  morsuque  elusus  inani  est.  755 

turn  vero  exoritur  clamor,  ripaeque  lacusque 
responsant  circa  et  caelum  tonat  omne  tumultu. 
ille  simul  fugiens  Rutulos  simul  increpat  omnis, 
nomine    quemque    vocans,   notumque    efflagitat 

ensem.  mp 

Aeneas  mortem  contra  praesensque  minatur  760 

exitium,  si  quisquam  adeat,  terretque  trementis, 
excisurum  urbem  minitans,  et  saucius  instat. 
quinque  orbis  explent  cursu  totidemque  retexunt 
hue  illuc  ;  neque  enim  levia  aut  ludicra  petuntur 
praemia,  sed  Tumi  de  vita  et  sanguine  certant.     765 

Forte  sacer  Fauno  foliis  oleaster  amaris 
hie  steterat,  nautis  olim  venerabile  lignum, 
servati  ex  undis  ubi  figere  dona  solebant 
Laurenti  divo  et  votas  suspendere  vestis ; 
sed  stirpem  Teucri  nuUo  discrimine  sacrum  770 

'*i  resplendet  fragmen  M*R. 
'^^  densa  Teucri  PR,  Servius :  Teucri  densa  M. 
'"  tardante  Mh*.  '"  ac  M^bK 

'^*  tenens  Re 
350 


AENEID   BOOK   XII 

Hew  asunder  at  the  stroke  ;  tlie  fragments  glitter  on 
the  yellow  sand.  So  Turnus  madly  flees  here  and 
there  over  the  plain,  and  now  this  way  and  now 
that  entwines  wavering  circles ;  for  on  all  hands  the 
Teucriaas  enclosed  him  in  crowded  ring,  and  here  a 
waste  fen,  there  steep  ramparts  engirdle  him. 

740  Nor  less,  though  at  times  his  knees,  retarded 
by  the  arrow-wound,  impede  him  and  deny  their 
speed,  does  Aeneas  pursue,  and  hotly  press,  foot  to 
foot,  upon  his  panting  foe :  as  when  a  hunter  hound  has 
caught  a  stag,  pent  in  by  a  stream,  or  hedged  about 
by  the  terror  of  crimson  feathers,  and,  running  and 
barking,  presses  him  close ;  the  stag,  in  terror  of 
the  snares  and  lofty  bank,  flees  to  and  fro  in  a 
thousand  ways,  but  the  keen  Umbrian  clings  close 
with  jaws  agape,  and  now,  now  grips,  or,  as  though  he 
gripped,  sna|)s  his  jaws,  and  baifled,  bites  on  naught. 
Then  indeed  uprises  the  din ;  banks  and  pools 
around  make  answer,  and  all  heaven  thunders  Avith 
the  tumult.  Turnus,  even  as  he  flees,  even  then 
upbraids  all  the  Rutulians,  calling  each  by  name, 
and  clamouring  for  the  sword  he  knew.  Aeneas  in 
turn  threatens  death  and  instant  doom,  should  one 
draw  nigh,  and  alFrights  his  trembling  foes  with 
threats  to  raze  the  town,  and  though  wounded 
presses  on.  Five  circles  they  cover  at  full  speed, 
and  unweave  as  many  this  way  and  that ;  for  no 
slight  or  sportive  prize  they  seek,  but  for  Turnus' 
life  and  blood  they  strive. 

^'5*'  Haply  here  had  stood  a  bitter-leaved  wild 
olive,  sacred  to  Faunus,  a  tree  revered  of  old  by 
mariners,  whereon,  when  saved  from  the  waves, 
they  were  wont  to  fasten  their  gifts  to  the  god  of 
Laurentum  and  hang  up  their  votive  raiment;  but 
the  Teucrians,  heeding  naught,  had  shorn  the  sacred 

S51 


VIRGIL 

sustulerant,  pan»  nt  possent  ooDaucrere  campo 

hie  hasta  Aeneae  staba^  hoc  inqietiis  iflam 

d^nlerat,  fixam  et  lenta  radice  tenebaL 

incnbait  roliiitqae  mann  conreUere  feimm 

Dardanides,  tdoqae  seqoi  qaem  prendoe  cnisn   775 

nan  poterat.    tam  Tero  amens  formidine  Tnmns 

"  Fannej  precor,  miserere,"  iaquit,  ••toque  optttna 

femun 

Terra  tene.  colni  Testros  si  semper  honoies, 

qaos  cfmtra  Aeneadae  bello  fecere  {HO&nos.** 

dixit  c^tonqae  dei  non  cassa  in  rota  Tocarit.  780 

namqne  diu  Inctans  lentoque  in  stirpe  nK»atas 

Tiribos  hand  nilis  ralait  discladere  moisos 

rolxKis  Aeneas,     dam  nititnr  acer  et  iostat. 

rarsus  in  aorigae  fadan  mntata  Metisci 

^ocmrit  firatriqae  ensem  dea  Dacnia  reddit.  785 

quod  Venus  andaci  nymphae  indignata  licere 

accessit  telamqne  aha  ab  radice  rerdUL 

oIK  sublimes,  armis  animisqae  refectij 

hie  ^adio  fidens,  hie  acer  et  ardaos  hasta, 

adsstont  ctmtza  certamina  Martis  anheU.  790 

lononem  interea  rex  «nnipotentis  OI  vmpi 

adloqmtnr.  fblTa  pognas  de  nabe  taentem : 

"quae  iam  fiois  erit,  oonimix?  quid  deniqne  restat? 

indigetem  Aenean  scis  ipsa  et  scire  Uteris 

deberi  caelo  ^.tisqae  ad  sidera  toUL  795 

qnidstniis?  antqnaspegdidisinnDbibashaeres? 

ra  ekomuOedMV^.   abndieelPP.       ™  lexroj». 
™»  diBcniiae  JPt*.-  oooTdkie  «V;. 
**•  eoBversa  JW.  "•  aBiiiraiiiqiie  f . 

*^  eataauBeii,  tmomm  I»  Seraaa. 
35S 


AENEID    BOOK    XII 

stem,  that  in  clear  lists  they  might  contend.  Here 
stood  the  spear  of  Aeneas ;  hither  its  force  had 
borne  it,  and  was  holding  it  fast  in  the  tough  root. 
The  Dardan  stooped,  fain  to  pluck  away  the  steel 
perforce,  and  pursue  with  javelin  him  he  could  not 
catch  by  speed  of  foot.  Then  indeed  Turnus,  frantic 
with  terror,  cried  :  "  Faunus,  have  pity,  I  pray,  and 
thou,  most  gracious  Earth,  hold  fast  the  steel,  if 
ever  I  have  reverenced  your  worship,  which,  in 
otiier  wise,  Aeneas'  sons  have  defiled  by  war."  He 
spoke,  and  to  no  fruitless  vow  did  he  invoke  the 
aid  of  heaven.  For  long  though  he  wrestled  and 
lingered  o'er  the  stubborn  stem,  by  no  strength 
availed  Aeneas  to  unlock  the  oaken  bite.  While 
fiercely  he  tugs  and  strains,  the  Daunian  goddess,^ 
changing  once  again  into  the  form  of  charioteer 
Metiscus,  runs  forward  and  restores  the  sword  to 
her  brother.  But  Venus,  wroth  that  such  license 
is  granted  the  bold  nymph,  drew  nigh,  and  plucked 
the  weapon  from  the  deep  root.  At  full  height,  in 
arms  and  heart  renewed — one  trusting  to  his  sword, 
one  fiercely  towering  with  his  spear — breathless^ 
both,  they  stand  facing  the  War-god's  strife. 

'^^'  Meanwhile  the  king  of  almiglity  Olympus 
accosts  Juno,  as  from  a  golden  cloud  she  gazes  on 
the  fray :  "  What  now  shall  be  the  end,  O  wife  ? 
What  remains  at  the  last  ?  Thyself  knowest,  and 
dost  confess  to  know  it,  that  Aeneas,  as  Hero  of  the 
land,  is  claimed  of  heaven,  and  the  Fates  exalt  him 
to  the  stars.  What  plannest  thou  ?  Or  in  what 
hope  lingerest  thou  in  the    chill    clouds  ?     Was   it 

'  Juturna. 

*  Benoist  takes  anheli  with  Marlis,  the  strife  "of  breath- 
less Mars,"  but  for  this  bold  expression  no  parallel  can  be 
cited. 

S53 


VIRGIL 

mortalin  decoit  riolari  rolnere  dirtun  ? 

ant  ensem  (quid  enim  sine  te  lutnma  valeret?) 

ereptmn  reddi  Tnmo  et  rim  cresc««  rictis  ? 

desine  iam  tandem  precibosqae  inBectere  nostzis,  800 

ne  te  tantns  edit  tadtam  dolor  et  mihi  cmrae 

saepe  too  dnlci  tiistes  ex  ore  recoisent. 

ventmnadsopremnmesL    tenxsagitareTelmidis 

Trnanos  potuisti,  in&ndmn  accendere  beDmn, 

defonnare  domum  et  la^n  misceTe  hvmenaeoa  :    805 

ulterios  temptare  veto."     sic  Inppiter  orsos  ; 

sic  dea  snbmissD  contra  Satttmia  volta  : 

"Jsi».  quidan  quia  notamihi  tna,  magne^  Tolontas, 
laj^iter.  et  Tumnin  et  terras  invita  reliqoi  : 
nee  ta  me  aeria  solam  nmic  sede  videres  810 

digna  indigna  pati,  sed  iUinmis  cincta  sub  ipsam 
stareoD  acion  trahereniqae  inixDica  in  proelia  Teucros. 
Intnmam  misoo  (&te(M-)  snccorrere  fiatzi 
soasi  et  pro  rita  mait»»  andere  probari, 
noD  at  tela  tamenj,  non  at  mntenderet  arcoin  ;      515 
adinro  Strgii  capot  implacabile  fmitis, 
ana  saperstitio  saperis  quae  reddita  divis. 
et  none  cedo  eqoidem  pognasqae  exosa  relinqao. 
Olad  te,  nolla  ^ti  qaod  lege  tenetar, 
pro  Latio  obtestc»'^  pro  maiestate  toonnn :  820 

com  iam  conobiis  pacem  felicaboS;  esto, 
ccMDponent,  com  iam  leges  et  foedera  iungent, 
ne  Tetxis  tndigenas  ncmen  matare  Latinos 
neu  Troas  fieri  iobeas  Tencrosqae  Tocari 

■"  id  /«.-  nee  tc    edifc   i*y.  Biamedtt,   Sermu :  edsi 
MF*T^6e.  "*  recnaent  JfV.  ■■•  rdinqao  F*. 

'^  igeam  M :  tpti^  F,  mmd  eammamlg,         '^masF. 
•*•  TeucniSTe  Pf, 


AENEID   BOOK  XII 

well  that  by  mortal's  wound  a  god  should  be  pro- 
faned ?  or  that  the  lost  sword — for  without  thee 
what  could  Juturna  avail  ? — should  be  restored  to 
Turnus,  and  the  vanquished  gain  fresh  force  ?  Cease 
now,  I  pray,  and  bend  to  our  entreaties,  that  such 
great  grief  may  not  consume  thee  in  silence,  nor  to 
me  may  bitter  cares  so  oft  return  from  thy  sweet  lips. 
The  end  is  reached.  To  chase  the  Trojans  over 
land  or  wave,  to  kindle  monstrous  war,  to  mar  a 
home  with  mourning  and  blend  bridals  with  woe — 
this  power  hast  thou  had ;  farther  to  attempt  I 
forbid  !  "  Thus  Jupiter  began  :  thus,  with  downcast 
look,  the  goddess,  child  of  Saturn,  replied  : 

808  «Even  because  I  knew,  great  Jove,  that  such 
was  thy  pleasure,  have  I,  though  loth,  left  Turnus 
and  the  earth  ;  else  wouldst  thou  not  see  me  now, 
alone  on  my  airy  throne,  enduring  fair  and  foul  ; 
but  girt  in  flame  would  I  take  my  stand  close  to  the 
very  ranks,  and  drag  the  Teucrians  into  deadly  fray. 
As  for  Juturna,  I  counselled  her,  I  own,  to  succour 
her  hapless  brother,  and  for  his  life's  sake  sanctioned 
still  greater  deeds  of  daring,  yet  not  to  level  the 
arrow,  not  to  bend  the  bow  :  I  swear  by  the  inexor- 
able fountain-head  of  Styx,  sole  name  of  dread 
ordained  for  gods  above.  And  now  I  yield,  yea, 
yield,  and  quit  the  strife  in  loathing.  This  boon, 
banned  by  no  law  of  fate,  for  Latium's  sake,  for 
thine  own  kin's  greatness,^  I  entreat  from  thee: 
when  anon  with  happy  bridal  rites — so  be  it  I — they 
plight  peace,  when  anon  they  join  in  laws  and 
treaties,  command  not  the  native  Latins  to  change 
their  ancient  name,  nor  to  become  Trojans  and  be 

*  Saturn,  father  of  Jupiter,  had  once  reigned  in  Latium, 
and  from  him  Latinua  was  descended,     cj.  Aen.  vii.  45  49. 

355 


VIRGIL 

aut  vocem  mutare  viros  aut  vertere  vestera.  825 

sit  Latium,  sint  Albani  per  saecula  reges, 
sit  Romana  potens  Itala  virtute  propago  ; 
occidit,  occideritque  sinas  cum  nomine  Troia." 

Olli  subridens  hominura  rerumque  repertor : 
"es  germana  lovis  Saturnique  altera  proles:  830 

irarum  tantos  vol  vis  sub  pectore  fluctus.  mpr 

verum  age  et  inceptum  frustra  submitte  furorera : 
do  quod  vis,  et  me  victusque  volensque  remitto. 
sermonem  Ausonii  patrium  moresque  tenebunt, 
utque  est,  nomen  erit ;  commixti  corpora  tantum    835 
subsident  Teucri.     morem  ritusque  sacrorum 
adiciam  faciamque  omnis  uno  ore  Latinos. 
hinc  genus  Ausonio  mixtum  quod  sanguine  surget, 
supra  homines,  supra  ire  deos  pietate  videbis 
nee  gens  ulla  tuos  aeque  celebrabit  honores."        840 
adnuit  his  Juno  et  mentem  laetata  retorsit ; 
interea  excedit  caelo  nubemque  relinquit. 

His  actis  aliud  genitor  secum  ipse  volutat 

luturnamque  parat  fratris  dimittere  ab  armis. 

dicuntur  geminae  pestes  cognomine  Dirae,  845 

quas  et  Tartaream  Nox  intempesta  Megaeram 

uno  eodemque  tulit  partu,  paribusque  revinxit 

serpentum  spiris  ventosasque  addidit  alas. 

hae  lovis  ad  solium  saevique  in  limine  regis 

apparent  acuuntque  metum  mortalibus  aegris,        850 

si  quando  letum  horrificum  morbosque  deum  rex 

molitur,  meritas  aut  bello  territat  urbes. 

harum  unam  celerem  demisit  ab  aethere  summo 

luppiter  inque  omen  luturnae  occurrere  iussit : 

ilia  volat  celerique  ad  terram  turbine  fertur.  855 

««  veatea  Py.  "*  Lanto  R. 

S56 


AENEID    BOOK    XII 

called  Teucrians,  nor  to  change  their  tongue  and 
alter  their  attire  :  let  Latium  be,  let  Alban  kings 
endure  through  ages,  let  be  a  Roman  stock,  strong 
in  Italian  valour :  fallen  is  Tro}',  and  fallen  let  her 
be,  together  with  her  name  !  " 

*2^  Smiling  on  her,  the  creator  of  men  and  things 
replied  :  "  True  sister  of  Jove  art  thou,  and  Saturn's 
other  child,  such  waves  of  wrath  surge  deep  within 
thy  breast !  But  come,  allay  the  rage  thus  vainly 
stirred  :  I  grant  thy  wish,  and  yield  me,  conquered 
and  content.  Ausonia's  sons  shall  keep  their  fathers' 
speech  and  ways,  and  as  it  is,  so  shall  be  their  name  : 
the  Teucrians  shall  but  sink  down,  merged  in  the 
mass.  Their  sacred  laws  and  rites  will  I  add  and 
make  all  to  be  Latins  of  one  tongue.  Hence  shall 
arise  a  race,  blended  with  Ausonian  blood,  which 
thou  shalt  see  o'erpass  m.en,  o'erpass  gods  in  godli- 
ness, nor  shall  any  nation  with  equal  zeal  celebrate 
thy  worship."  Juno  assented  thereto^  and  joyfully 
changed  her  purpose ;  meanwhile  she  passes  from 
heaven,  and  quits  the  cloud. 

^^3  This  done,  the  Father  revolves  another  purpose 
in  his  heart,  and  prepares  to  withdraw  Juturna  from 
her  brother's  side.  Men  tell  of  twin  fiends,  the 
Dread  Ones  named,  whom  with  hellish  Megaera 
untimely  Night  bore  in  one  and  the  same  birth, 
wreathing  them  alike  with  snaky  coils  and  clothing 
them  with  wings  of  wind.  These  attend  by  the 
throne  of  Jove,  and  on  the  threshold  of  the  grim 
monarch,  and  whet  the  fears  of  feeble  mortals, 
whene'er  heaven's  king  deals  diseases  and  awful 
death,  or  affrights  guilty  towns  with  war.  One  of 
these  Jove  sent  swiftly  down  from  high  heaven,  and 
bade  her  meet  Juturna  as  a  sign.  She  wings  her 
way,  and  darts  to  earth  in  swift  whirlwind.     Even 

357 


VIRGIL 

non  secus  ac  nervo  per  nubem  impulsa  sagitta, 
armatam  saevi  Parthus  qaam  felle  Teneni.. 
Parthus  sive  Cjdon,  telam  immedicabile,  torsit, 
strideos  et  celeris  incognita  transilit  umbras  : 
talis  se  sata  Nocte  tulit  terrasque  petirit.  S6o 

postqaam  acies  videt  Iliacas  atque  agmina  Tumi. 
alitis  in  parrae  subitam  collecta  figuram, 
quae  quondam  in  bustis  aut  culmlnibas  desertis 
nocte  sedens  serum  canit  hnportujia  per  umbras ; 
banc  versa  in  faciem  Tumi  se  pestis  ob  ora  865 

fertqne  refertque  sonans  clipeumque  everberat  alis. 
illi  membra  novas  solvit  formidine  torpor, 
arrectaeque  horrore  comae  et  vox  faucibos  haesit. 
At,  procul  ut  Dirae  stridorem  adgnovit  et  alas, 
infelix  crinis  scindit  lutuma  solutos,  870 

unguibus  ora  soror  foedans  et  pectora  pugnis  : 
"quid  nunc  te  tua,  Tume,  potest  germana  iuvare  ? 
aut  quid  iam  durae  superat  mihi  ?  qua  tibi  lucem 
arte  morer  ?  talin  possum  me  opponere  monstro  ? 
iam  iam  linquo  acies.     ne  me  terrete  timentem,  875 
obscenae  volucres  :  alarum  verbera  nosco 
letalemque  sonum,  nee  fallunt  iussa  superba 
magnanimi  lovis.     haec  pro  virginitate  reponit  ? 
quo  Titam  dedit  aetemam  ?  cur  mortis  adempta  est 
condicio  ?  possem  tantos  finire  dolores  S80 

nunc  certe,  et  misero  fratri  comes  ire  per  nmbras  I 
immortalis  ego?  aut  quicquam  mihi  dulce  meonim 
te  sine,  filter,  erit  ?  o  quae  satis  ima  dehiscat 

^*'  sabico  P-/^.     con  versa  J/;  Ci>aiscto  P :  cociecta  7*. 
»«  in]  inob  JP-  ad  P7  •  in  31*. 
•*•  sriudit  crinis  B.  *''*  posaini  B. 

•*•  qaam  ^7^.     ima]  iam  P*;  alta  c. 
358 


AENEID    BOOK    XII 

as  an  arrow,  shot  from  string  through  a  cloud, 
which,  armed  with  gall  of  fell  poison,  a  Parthian — 
a  Parthian  or  a  Cydonian — has  launched,  a  shaft  be- 
yond all  cure ;  whizzing,  it  leaps  through  the  swift 
shadows,  known  of  none :  so  sped  the  child  of 
Night,  and  sought  the  earth.  Soon  as  she  sees  the 
Ilian  ranks  and  Turnus'  troops,  suddenly  shrinking 
to  the  shape  of  that  small  bird  which  oft,  perched 
at  night  on  tombs  or  deserted  roofs,  chants  her  late, 
ill-omened  lay  amid  the  shadows,  so  changed  in  form 
before  the  face  of  Turnus  the  fiend  flits  screaming 
to  and  fro,  and  wildly  beats  his  buckler  with  her 
wings.  A  strange  numbness  unknits  his  limbs  with 
dread  ;  his  hair  stood  up  in  terror  and  the  voice 
clave  to  his  throat. 

^*^  But  when  from  afar  Juturna  knew  the  Dread 
One's  whizzing  wings,  she  rends,  hapless  one,  her 
loosened  tresses,  marring,  in  sisterly  grief,  her  face 
with  nails  and  her  breast  with  clenched  hands : 
"  What  now,  my  Turnus,  can  thy  sister  avail  thee  ? 
Or  vvhat  more  awaits  me,  that  have  endured  so  much  } 
With  what  art  may  I  prolong  thy  day  ?  Can  1  face 
such  a  portent  ?  Now,  now  I  quit  the  field.  Affright 
not  my  fluttering  soul,  ye  ill-boding  birds  !  I  know 
your  beating  wings,  and  their  dreadful  sound,  nor  fail 
I  to  mark  the  haughty  mandates  of  high-hearted 
Jove.  Is  this  his  requital  for  my  maidenhood .'' 
Wherefore  gave  he  me  life  eternal  ?  Why  of  the 
law  of  death  am  I  bereaved  ?  Now  surely  could  I 
end  such  anguish,  and  pass  at  my  poor  brother's 
side  amid  the  shadows  I  I  immortal  I  Nay,  will 
aught  of  mine  be  sweet  to  me  without  thee,  my 
brother  ?     O  what  deepest  earth  can  gape  enough 


859 


VIRGIL 

terra  mihi  Manisque  deam  demittat  ad  imos  r  " 
tantum  effata  caput  glauco  contexit  amictu,  885 

multa  gemens,  et  se  flu\io  dea  condidit  alto. 

Aeneas  instat  contra  telumque  coruscat 
ingens  arboreum  et  saevo  sic  pectore  fatur : 
'■'quae  nunc  deinde  mora  est?  aut  quid  iam,  Tume, 

retractas  ? 
non  cursUj  saevis  certandum  est  comminus  armis.    890 
verte  omnis  tete  in  facies  et  contrahe.  quidquid 
sive  animis  sive  arte  vales ;  opta  ardua  pinnis 
astra  sequi  clausunique  cava  te  condere  terra.  " 
ille  caput  quassans  " non  me  tua  fenida  terrent 
dicta,  ferox  :  di  me  terrent  et  luppiter  hostis."      895 
nee  plura  effatus  saxum  circumspicit  ingens, 
saxiun  antiquum,  ingens,  campo  quod  forte  iacebat, 
Umes  agro  p>ositus,  litem  ut  discemeret  arvis ; 
vis  illud  lecti  bis  sex  cervice  subirent, 
qualia  nunc  hominum  producit  corpora  tellus  :        900 
ille  manu  raptum  trepida  torquebat  in  hostem, 
altior  insurgens  et  cursu  concitus  heros. 
sed  neque  currentem  se  nee  cognoscit  euntem 
tollentemve  manus  saxumve  immane  moventem  ; 
genua  labant,  gelidus  concrevit  frigore  sanguis.     905 
turn  lapis  ipse  \iri,  vacuum  per  inane  volutus, 
nee  spatium  evasit  totum  neque  pertulit  ictum. 
ac  velut  in  somnis,  oculos  ubi  languida  pressit 
nocte  quies.  nequiquam  avidos  extendere  cursus 
velle  \idemur  et  in  mediis  conatibus  aegri  9^0 

succidimus  ;  non  lingua  valet,  non  corpore  notae 
suiSciunt  vires,  nee  vox  aut  verba  sequuntur  : 
sic  Tumo,  quacumque  %iam  virtute  petiWt, 

^^*  demittit  P\ 

*"  clausnmqoe  MMy:  clanstimve  injtrior  MSS. 
«"  ilium  Mb. 

*•*  toUentemque  My\     mann  P7*.     saxamqae  yc. 
-        *'*  qiiamcaroque  F*. 


AENEID   BOOK    XII 

for  me,  and  send  me  down,  a  goddess,  to  the  nether- 
most shades?"  So  saying,  she  veiled  her  head  in 
mantle  of  grey  and  with  many  a  moan  the  goddess 
plunged  into  the  deep  river. 

*^^  Aeneas  presses  on  against  the  foe,  brandishing 
his  massy,  tree-like  spear,  and,  in  wrathful  spirit, 
thus  cries  :  "  What  more  delay  is  there  now  ?  or 
why,  Turnus,  dost  tliou  yet  draw  back  ?  Not  with 
swii't  foot,  but  hand  to  hand  in  fierce  arms,  must  we 
contend.  Change  thyself  into  all  shapes,  yea,  muster 
all  thy  powers  of  coui-age  or  of  skill  ;  wing  thy  flight, 
if  thou  wilt,  to  the  stars  aloft,  or  hide  thee  within 
earth's  hollow  prison ! "  The  other,  shaking  his 
head  :  "Thy  fiery  words,  fierce  one,  daunt  me  not  ; 
'tis  the  gods  daunt  me,  and  the  enmity  of  Jove." 
No  more  he  speaks,  then  glancing  round,  espies  a 
giant  stone,  a  giant  stone  and  ancient,  which  haply 
lay  upon  the  plain,  set  for  a  landmark,  to  ward 
dispute  from  the  fields.  This  scarce  twice  six  chosen 
men  could  uplift  upon  their  shoulders,  men  of  such 
frames  as  earth  now  begets  :  but  the  hero,  with 
hurried  grasp,  seized  and  hurled  it  at  his  foe,  rising 
to  his  height  and  at  swiftest  speed.  But  he  knows 
not  himself  as  he  runs,  nor  as  he  moves,  as  he  raises 
his  hands,  or  throws  the  mighty  stone  ;  his  knees 
totter,  his  blood  is  frozen  cold.  Yea,  the  hero's 
stone  itself,  whirled  through  the  empty  void,  trav- 
ersed not  all  the  space,  nor  carried  home  its  blow. 
And  as  in  dreams  of  night,  when  languorous  sleep 
has  weighed  down  our  eyes,  we  seem  to  strive  vainly 
to  press  on  our  eager  course,  and  in  mid  effort  sink 
helpless :  our  tongue  lacks  power,  our  wonted  strength 
fails  our  limbs,  nor  voice  nor  words  ensue  :  so  to 
Turnus,  howsoe'cr  by  valour  he  sought  to  win  his 

361 


VIRGIL 

successum  dea  dira  negat.     turn  pectore  sensus 
vertuntur  varii  ;  Rutulos  aspectat  et  urbem  9 1  5 

cunctaturque  metu  telumque  instare  tremescit, 
nee  quo  se  eripiat,,  nee  qua  vi  tendat  in  hostem, 
nee  currus  usquam  ^idet  aurigamve  sororem. 

Cunctanti  telum  Aeneas  fatale  coruscat, 
sortitus  fortunam  oculis,  et  corpore  toto  9-0 

eminus  intorquet.     murali  coneita  numquam 
tormento  sic  saxa  fremunt,  nee  fulmine  tanti 
dissultant  crepitus,     volat  atri  turbinis  Lnstar 
esitium  dirum  hasta  ferens  orasque  reeludit 
loricae  et  clipei  extremes  septemplicis  orbis.  925 

per  medium  stridens  transit  femur,    incidit  ictus 
ingens  ad  terram  duplicate  poplite  Tumus. 
consurgunt  gemitu  Rutuli  totusque  remugit 
mons  circum  et  vocem  late  nemora  alta  remittunt 
ille  humilis  supplexque  oculos  dextramque  pre- 

cantem  930 

protendens  "equidemmerui..  nee  deprecor,"  inquit: 
''utere  sorte  tua.     miseri  te  si  qua  parentis 
tangere  cura  potest,  oro  (fuit  et  tibi  talis 
Anchises  genitor;,  Dauni  miserere  senectae 
et  me,  seu  corpus  spoliatum  lumine  mavis,  935 

redde  meis.     \icisti  et  xictum  tendere  palmas 
Ausonii  videre  ;  tua  est  La^nnia  coniunx  : 
ulterius  ne  tende  odiis."     stetit  acer  in  armis 
Aeneas,  volvens  oculos,  dextramque  repressit ;         mp 
et  iam  iamque  magis  ci>nctantem  flectere  sermo    940 
coeperat,  infelLx  umero  cum  apparuit  alto 
balteus  et  notis  fiilserunt  cingula  bullis 

"«  letumoue  P.  »"  -ve]  -que  Ry. 

'"  tantci  P.  •"  supplex  oculoa  PEt\ 

362 


AENEID    BOOK    XII 

way,  the  dread  goddess  denies  fulfilment.  Then 
through  his  soul  shifting  fancies  whirl ;  he  gazes  on 
his  Rutulians  and  the  town,  he  falters  in  fear,  and 
trembles  at  the  threatening  lance ;  neither  sees  he 
whiti)er  he  may  escape,  nor  with  what  force  bear 
against  the  foe  ;  nor  anywhere  is  his  car,  nor  his 
sister,  the  charioteer. 

^^^  As  he  wavers,  Aeneas  brandishes  the  fateful 
spear,  seeking  with  his  eyes  the  happy  chance,  then 
hurls  it  from  far  with  all  his  strength.  Never  stone 
shot  from  engine  of  siege  roars  so  loud,  never  crash 
so  great  bursts  from  thunderbolt.  Like  black  whirl- 
wind on  flies  the  spear,  bearing  fell  destruction,  and 
pierces  the  corslet's  rim  and  the  sevenfold  shield's 
utmost  circle  :  M'hizzing  it  jjasses  right  through  the 
thigh.  Under  the  blow,  with  knee  beneath  him 
bent  down  to  earth,  huge  Turnus  sank.  Up  spring 
with  a  groan  the  Rutulians  all ;  the  whole  hill  re- 
echoes round  about,  and  far  and  near  the  wooded 
steeps  send  back  the  sound.  He,  in  lowly  sup- 
pliance,  uplifting  eyes  and  pleading  hands :  "  Yea, 
I  have  earned  it,"  he  cries,  "and  I  ask  not  mercy  ; 
use  thou  thy  chance.  If  any  thought  of  a  parent's 
grief  can  touch  thee,  I  pray  thee — in  Anchises  thou, 
too,  hadst  such  a  father — pity  Daunus'  old  age,  and 
give  back  me,  or,  if  so  thou  please,  my  lifeless  body, 
to  my  kin.  Victor  thou  art ;  and  as  vanquished, 
have  the  Ausonians  seen  me  stretch  forth  my 
hands :  Lavinia  is  thine  for  wife ;  press  not  thy 
hatred  further." 

938  Fierce  in  his  arms,  Aeneas  stood  with  rolling 
eyes,  and  staged  his  hand ;  and  now  more  and  more, 
as  he  paused,  these  words  began  to  sway  him, 
when  lo !  high  on  the  shoulder  was  seen  the  luck- 
less baldric,  and  there  flashed  the  belt  with  its  well- 

S6S 


VIRGIL 

Pallaiitis  pueri,  victum  quern  volnere  Turnus 
straverat  atque  umeris  inimicum  insigne  gerebat. 
i\\e,  oculis  postquam  saevi  monumenta  doloris        9^5 
exuviasque  hausit,  furiis  accensus  et  ira 
terribilis:   "tune  hinc  spoliis  indute  nieorum 
eripiare  mihi?   Pallas  te  hoc  volnere,  Pallas 
immolat  et  poenam  scelerato  ex  sanguine  sumit," 
hoc  dicens  ferrum  adverse  sub  pectore  condit        950 
fervidus.     ast  illi  solvuntur  frigore  membra 
vitaque  cum  gemitu  fugit  indignata  sub  umbras. 
c/.  XI.  831. 


364 


AENEID    BOOK    XII 

known  studs — belt  of  young  Pallas,  whom  Turnus 
had  smitten  and  stretched  vanquished  on  earth,  and 
now  wore  on  his  shoulders  his  foeman's  fatal  badge.^ 
The  other,  soon  as  his  eyes  drank  in  the  trophy, 
that  memorial  of  cruel  grief,  fired  with  fury  and 
terrible  in  his  wrath  :  "  Art  thou,  thou  clad  in  my 
loved  one's  spoils,  to  be  snatched  hence  from  my 
hands  ?  'Tis  Pallas,  Pallas  who  with  this  stroke 
sacrifices  thee,  and  takes  atonement  of  thy  guilty 
blood !  "  So  saying,  full  in  his  breast  he  buries  the 
sword  with  fiery  zeal.  But  the  other's  limbs  grew 
slack  and  chill,  and  with  a  moan  life  passed  indignant 
to  the  Shades  below. 

•  cf.  Aen.  X.  406  S.     There  seems  to  be  a  double  meaning 
in  inimicum. 


S65 


THE   MINOR   POEMS 


THE   MINOR  POEMS 

The  poems  of  the  \'irgilian  Appendix  are  found 
in  none  of  the  great  Virgihan  Codices,  and  the  text 
of  numerous  passages  is  therefore  very  uncertain. 
For  an  account  of  the  MSS.  of  the^e  poems,  one 
must  consult  Ribbeck's  firgil,  vol.  iv.  ^Leipzig, 
1S6S);  Ellis,  Apper.diT  Vergiftana  (Oxford,  IpOT); 
and  Vollmer,  Poiice  Laiini  Minores.  voL  L  (Leipzig. 
1910).  Onlv  the  more  noteworthy  variants  are 
here  given. 

Among  the  many  other  important  works  bearing 
on  these  poems  are  the  following  :  Hevne-Lemaires 
Virgil,  ro\.  v.  (Paris,  1820);  Forbiger's  Virgil,  vol.  iii. 
(Leipzig,  1S75);  Benoist's  Virgil,  voL  IL  (Paris, 
I8SO;  ; "Ellis,  •'•'On  some  Disputed  Passages  of  the 
Citis"  and  '•' Further  Notes  on  the  Ciris  and  other 
Poems  of  the  Appaidis  Vergiliar.a,"  in  American 
Journal  of  Philology,  \iii.  (1SS7  :  Rothstein,  '-De 
Diris  et  Lydia  Carminibus,"  in  Rheinisches  Museum, 
xxiiL  (ISSS):  Leo's  Culejc  (Berlin,  1S91);  Vollmer 
•'' Coniectanea,"  in  Rheinisches  Museum,  Iv.  (I9OO) 
Curcio,  Poeii  Laiini  Minori,  vol.  iL  (Catania,  1905) 
Linforth,  '•'  Notes  on  the  Psendo-^'i^gilian  Ciris," 
in  American  Journal  of  Philolosy.  xxvii.  (1906); 
Sudhaus,  •■'  Die  Klage  der  Ciris/'  in  Rhanlsches 
Museum,  Lx.  (1906);  Housman,  "The  Apjjaratus 
Criticus  of  the  Culex,"  in  Transactions  of  the  Cam- 
bridge Philological  Society,  voL  vi,  part  i,  ;i90S); 
368^ 


THE   MINOR    POEMS 

Keppler,  Ueher  Copa  (Leipzig,  1908);  Plesent,  Le 
Cnlex  (Paris,  1910);  Skutsch,  Aus  Vergils  Friihzeit 
(Leipzig,  190 1-6);  Birt,  Jugendverse  und  Heimai- 
poesie  Vergils  (Leipzig,  I9IO);  Phillimore,  "The 
Text  of  the  Culex,"  in  Classical  Philology,  vol.  v. 
(1910).  Professor  Phillimore  is  one  of  three  English 
scholars  who  have  recently  upheld  the  genuineness 
of  the  Culex  as  an  early  work  of  Virgil's,  tlie  other 
two  being  S.  Elizabeth  Jackson  (Classical  Quarlerly, 
1911,  pp.  163  ft:)  and  W.  Warde  Fowler  {Classical 
Review,  IQl^,  pp.  1 19  ff)-  The  authenticity  of  others 
of  these  poems  as  well  seems  to  be  assumed  by 
Mooney  in  his  metrical  translation  of  The  Minor 
Poems  of  Vergil  (Birmingliam,  191 6).  This  book, 
however,  does  not  include  the  Ciris.  Birt  is  a  stout 
advocate  of  the  Virgilian  authorship  of  most  of  the 
poems  of  the  Catalepton.     See  also  vol.  !.,  p.  vii. 


S69 


CULEX* 

L,U8iMU8,  Octavi,  gracili  modulante  Tlialia 
atque  ut  araneoli  tenuem  formavimus  orsum. 
lusimus:  haec  propter  Culicis  sint  carmina  dicta, 
omnis  ut  historiae  per  ludum  consonet  ordo 
notitiae.     doctrina,  vaces  licet  :  invidus  absit.  t> 

quisquis  erit  culpare  iocos  Musamque  paratus, 
pondere  vel  Culicis  levior  famaque  feretur. 
posterius  graviore  sono  tibi  Musa  loquetur 
nostra,  dabunt  cum  secures  mihi  tempora  fructus, 
lit  tibi  digna  tuo  poliantur  carmina  sensu.  10 

»  dicta  V:  docta  H.  *  ut  It.:  et. 

*  notitiaeque  ducuni  voces  n,  Leo,  Vollmer :  ductuni  Vat. 
1586."  nolitiae,  doctumqiio  voces  Ellis.  The  rtadiiujH  and 
interpretation  adopted  are  Fhillimore's,  hut  must  be  regarded 
U3  merely  an  approximation  to  the  original  verse,  which 
cannot  be  recovered. 

'  feratur  Scaliger.  ^*  digna  tuo  Bembo  :  dignato  n. 


*  The  principal  MSS.  containing  the  Culex,  as  given  by 
S'ollmer,  are  the  following  : — 

S  =  fragmentura   Stabulense,    Paris,    17177,    of   the    10th 

centur\'. 
F  =  Fiechtianus,  or  Mellicensis  (designated  as  M  by  Ellis), 

of  the  10th  century. 
0  =  Cantabrigiensis,  Kk.  v.  34,  of  the  10th  century. 
V  —  Vaticanus  2759,  of  the  13lh  century. 
r  =  Corsinianus  43  F  5,  of  the  14th  century. 
L  =  a,  group   of   MSS.    of    the    so-called    ludiis   iuvenalii 

of  Virgil,  designated  as    W,  B,  E,  A,  T,  from  the 

9th  to  the  11th  century. 
370 


CULEX 

Wk  have  trifled,  O  Octavius,^  while  a  slender  Muse 
marked  the  measure,  and  lo  !  like  tiny  spiders,  liave 
fashioned  our  thin-spun  task.  We  have  trifled  :  to 
this  end  let  our  Gnat's  song  be  sung,  that  in  sportive 
mood  throughout  its  course  our  argument  may  har- 
monize with  epic  story.  A  truce  to  thee,  O  Art ;  let 
Envy  begone  !  Whoso  is  ready  to  blame  our  jests 
and  Muse,  shall  be  deemed  lighter  than  even  our 
Gnat  in  weight  and  name.  Hereafter  shall  our  Muse 
speak  to  thee  in  deeper  tones,  when  the  seasons 
yield  me  their  fruits  in  peace,  that  so  tiiou  mayest 
find  her  verses  polished,  and  worthy  of  thy  taste, 

'  The  later  Augustus,  who  is  still  a  jmer  (vv.  26,  .37)  when 
thus  addressed.  The  young  Octavius  assumed  the  toga 
virilis  in  his  fifteenth  year,  in  48  B.C.,  before  which  event 
this  dedication,  if  genuine,  must  have  been  written.  Sue- 
tonius asserts  that  the  Culex  was  composed  in  the  poet's 
sixteenth  year  (54  B.C.)  ;  the  dedication,  however,  may  have 
been  inserted  later. 


Ezc.  =  selections,  in  certain  MSS.  of  the  l'2th  to  14th  cen- 
turies, found  in  an  anthology  of  the  llth  century. 

As  a  group,  the  above-named  MSS.  are  designated  as  Ci. 

To  these  Ellis  adds  some  MSS.,  e.g.  b  =  Mus.  Brit.  Add. 
16562,  written  in  1400,  and  Vat(icanus)  1586,  of  the  I4th  or 
15th  century.  Occasional  references  must  be  made  to  late 
MSS.  which  were  emended  by  Italian  scholars  of  the  Re- 
naissance. As  a  group,  these  are  designated  as  It.  The 
most  notable  among  them  is  the  Helmstadiensis  332,  of  the 
15th  century,  designated  as  //. 

B    B    ? 


VIRGIL 

Latonae  magaiqae  lovis  decuSj  a-irea  pr:":es, 
Phoebus  erit  nostri  priaceps  et  carminis  auctor 
et  recmente  lyra  fautor,  sive  educat  ilium 
Ama  Ch-imaereo  Xantbi  perfasa  liqnore, 
sen  decos  Asteriae  seu  qua  Pamasia  ruj>es  15 

hinc  atque  hicc  f>atula  praepandit  comua  fronts, 
Castaliaeqae  sonaas  liquido  pede  labitnr  unda. 
quare,  Pierii  laticis  decas,  ite.  sorores 
Xaides,.  et  celebrate  deum  ludente  chorea, 
et  tu,  sancta  Pales,  ad  quam  ventura  recurrunt        SO 
agr^stum  bona  fetora — sit  cura  tenentis 
aerios  nemorum  cultus  silvasque  \irentis  : 
te  cultrice  vagus  saltus  feror  inter  et  antra. 

Et  tu,  cui  mentis  oritur  fiducia  chartis, 

Octavi  venerande,  meis  adiabere  coeptis,  25 

sancte  puer  :  tibi  namque  canit  non  pagina  bellum 

triste  lovis  pordtque 

Phlegra.  Giganteo  sparsa  est  quae  sanguine  tellus, 

nee  Centaureos  Lapithas  compellit  in  ensis, 

arit  Erichtbonias  Oriens  non  ignibus  arces ;  SO 

non  perfossus  Athos  nee  magno  vincula  ponto 

iacta  meo  qnaerent  iam  sera  volumine  famam, 

non  Hellespontos  pedibus  pulsatus  equorum, 

Graecia  cum  timurt  Tenientis  undique  Persas  : 

^^  plaudente  Btmho,  EIRk 
**  Ventura]  tntela  Phniimore.     reearrit  H. 
•-  agrestcm  bona  seenra  F'CL  :  ag.  bona  sia  ;  ;/&cam  PhEIi- 
mort.  *'  cliartis]  taatis  PhiUimort. 

"  < a.c:es  qnibcs  hormit  olim  >  oonjictured  by  BOcheler. 

*  Far  "t>tiC.-ar  the  res"  sum-.::  of  ?3.r'&.?,r:ii.  ir.»  r:-ckv  cl.f? 
th&t  tower  above  De-ri:  pre^eu;  two  pir-ak».  bei^eeu  v.  h.ch., 
in  a  deep  ehAsm,  n^-s-vs  vLe  ;Z*=iA.liiT:  iireajc.  *  li^z  M^sea. 
87i 


CULEX 

^^  The  glory  of  Latona  and  mighty  Jove,  their 
golden  offspring,  even  Phoebus,  shall  be  the  fount 
and  source  of  our  song,  and  he  with  resounding 
harp  shall  inspire,  whether  Arna  nurture  him — Arna, 
steeped  in  the  Chimaera's  stream  of  Xanthus — or  the 
glory  of  Asteria,^  or  that  land  where  Parnassus' 
ridge,  with  broad  brow,  spreads  his  horns  this  way 
and  that,  and  Castalia's  singing  waves  glide  in  their 
watery  course.^  Wherefore,  come,  ye  sister  Naiads,'^ 
glory  of  the  Pierian  spring,  and  throng  about  the 
god  in  sportive  dance.  Thou  too,  holy  Pales,  to 
whom,  as  they  appear,  the  blessings  of  husbandmen 
return  with  increase,  be  thine  the  care  of  him  who 
keeps  the  lofty  forest-homes  and  woodlands  green ; 
whilst  thou  dost  tend  them,  freely  I  roam  among  the 
glades  and  caves. 

"^  Thou  also,  O  Octavius  revered,*  who  by  the 
writings  thou  hast  earned  winnest  confidence,  gra- 
ciously attend  my  venture,  O  holy  youth  I  For  thee, 
indeed,  my  page  sings  not  Jove's  gloomy  Avar,^  nor 
plants  the  lines  wherewith  Phlegra  once  bristled,  the 
land  that  was  sprinkled  with  the  Giants'  blood,  nor 
drives  the  Lapiths  upon  the  Centaurs'  swords  ;  the 
East  burns  not  the  Erichthonian  towers  ^  Avith  flames  : 
'tis  not  the  piercing  of  Athos,  not  the  casting  of 
fetters  upon  the  mighty  deep,  not  the  Hellespont, 
smitten  Avith  horses'  hooves,  Avhat  time  Greece  feared 
the  Persians,  as  they  streamed  from  every  side,  that 
at  this  late  hour  shall,  through  my  book,  seek  fame  : 

*  The  epithets  venerande  and  sanctus  are  suggested  by  tlie 
j'onth  and  innocence  of  the  boy,  "  who  wore  the  same  toga 
as  priests  and  magistrates  "  (Professor  Wardo  Fowler). 

'  The  battle  betMeen  Jupiter  and  the  Oiants,  fought  in 
Plilegra. 

*  i.e.  Athens,  burnt  by  the  Persians,  of  which  Eriohthonius 
was  one  of  the  early  kings  ;  <^.  Qeorgics,  iii.  113. 


VIRGIL 

mollu  sed  tenui  pede  currere  carmina,  versu  35 

viribns  apta  suis  Phoebo  duce  ludere  gaudet. 

hoc  tibi,  sancte  puer  :  memorabilis  et  tibi  certet 

gloria  perpetuum  lucens.  mansura  per  ae\'uni, 

et  tibi  sede  pia  maneat  locus,  et  tibi  sospes 

debita  felicis  memoretur  vita  j>er  annos,  40 

grata  bonis  lucens.     sed  nos  ad  coepta  feramar. 

Igneas  aetherias  iam  Sol  penetrarat  in  arces, 
candidaqne  aarato  quatiebat  lumina  curru, 
crinibus  et  roseis  tenebras  Aurora  fugarat : 
propulit  e  stabulis  ad  pabula  laeta  caf>ellas  45 

pastor  et  excel  si  montis  iuga  summa  petivit, 
larida  qua  patulos  velabant  gramina  collis. 
iam  silvis  dumisque  vagae,  iam  vallibus  abdunt 
corpora,  iamque  omni  celeres  e  jxarte  vagantes 
tondebant  tenero  riridantia  gramina  morsu.  50 

scrupea  desertis  errabant  ad  cava  ripis 
pendula  proiectis  carj^untur  et  arbuta  ramis 
densaque  virgultis  avide  labmsca  petuntur ; 
haec  suspensa  rapit  carpente  cacumina  morsu 
vel  salicis  lentae  vel  quae  nova  nascitur  alnus,  55 

haec  teneras  fruticum  sentis  rimatun  at  ilia 
imminet  in  rivi,  praestantis  imaginis,.  undam. 

O  bona  pastoris  (si  quis  non  pauperis  usum 
mente  prius  docta  fastidiat  et  probet  illis 
somnia  luxuriae  spretis),  incognita  curis,  60 

quae  lacerant  avidas  inimico  pectore  mentes ! 

^5  apta]  acta  Ellk,  afler  a  Parit  MS.,  8307. 

*'»  numsretur  SU^ig. 

**  penetrabat,  Leo,  Vollmer.        **  laeta]  nota  Thilo. 

*'  Torida  Hampl:  fiorida  Jacobs,  EMi». 

^*  teaerae  .  .  .  mjrtus  PhUlimort. 

'*  deȣrta8  (-is)  herebant  ^     tipis  EUis :  ropes  or  rnpis  S~ 

^'  pzxKtaatis  imaginis  nmlHum  EUu. 

^  somnia  Mcmpt,  EiJis :  otia  Pktliimore  :  omnia  C    spretis 
F  -  pretiia.  *'  ioim.  p.]  nimia  cappedine  EUi». 

374 


CULEX 

but  'tis  her  joy  that  her  gentle  songs  run  witli  slender 
foot,  and  sport,  under  Phoebus'  guidance,  as  befits 
her  strength.  This  she  sings  for  thee,  holy  youth  ; 
for  thee  also  may  ennobling  fame  be  zealous,  shining 
for  all  time,  and  abiding  throughout  the  ages ;  for 
thee  also  may  a  place  be  stablished  in  the  blest  abode, 
and  as  thy  due  may  there  be  recorded  a  life  pre- 
served through  happy  years,  shining  for  the  joy  of 
the  good  I     But  let  me  pass  to  my  emprise. 

*^  The  fiery  sun  had  now  made  his  way  unto 
heaven's  heights/  and  from  gilded  car  was  scattering 
his  gleaming  rays,  and  Dawn  with  roseate  locks  had 
routed  darkness,  when  a  shepherd  drove  forth  his 
goats  from  their  folds  to  the  joyous  pastures,  and 
sought  a  lofty  mountain's  highest  ridges,  where  pale 
grasses  clothed  the  spreading  slopes.  As  they  roam, 
they  hide  themselves  now  in  the  woods  and  thickets, 
now  in  the  vales,  and  now,  wandering  swiftly  to  and 
fro,  they  cropped  the  rich  grasses  with  nibbling  bite. 
Leaving  the  banks,  they  strayed  toward  rocky  hol- 
lows, the  o'erhanging  arbute  trees  are  shorn  of  their 
outstretching  branches  and  the  wild  vines'  thick 
shoots  are  greedily  assailed.  One,  poised  aloft, 
snatches  with  eager  bite  the  tips,  it  may  be  of  the 
pliant  willow,  or  of  fresh  groAving  alder ;  this  gropes 
amid  the  thickets'  tender  briars,  while  that  hangs 
over  the  water  of  the  stream,  its  wondrous  mirroi-. 

^^  O  the  blessings  of  the  shepherd  - — if  one 
would  not,  with  mind  already  schooled,  disdain 
the  poor  man's  ways,  and  in  scorn  of  them  give 
approval  to  dreams  of  wealth — blessings  those 
cares    know    not,  that    rend    greedy   hearts   within 

'  i.e.  from  the  lower  world.     The  time  is  early  morn,  not 
midday. 
*  c/.  Georgics,  II.  458  S, 

875 


VIRGIL 

si  non  Assyrio  fuerint  bis  lauta  colore 
Attalicis  opibus  data  vellera,  si  nitor  auri 
sub  laqueare  domu5  animum  non  tangit  avarum 
picturaeque  decus,  lapidum  nee  fulgor  in  ulla  65 

cognitus  utilitate  manet,  nee  pocula  gratum 
Alconis  referunt  Boethique  toreuma  nee  Indi 
conehea  baca  maris  pretio  est :  at  pectore  pure 
saepe  super  tenero  prosternit  gramine  corpus^ 
florida  cum  tellus,  gemmantis  picta  per  herbas         70 
vere  notat  dulci  distincta  coloribus  arva ; 
atque  illum^  calamo  laetum  recinente  palustri 
otiaque  invidia  degentem  et  fraude  remota 
pollentemque  sibi,,  viridi  iam  palmite  lucens 
Tmolia  pampineo  subter  coma  velat  amictu.  75 

illi  sunt  gratae  rorantes  iacte  capellae 
et  nemus  et  fecunda  Pales  et  vallibus  intus 
semper  opaca  novis  manantia  fontibus  antra. 
Quis  magis  optato  queat  esse  beatior  aevo, 
quam  qui  mente  procul  pura  sensuque  probando      80 
non  avidas  agnovit  opes  nee  tristia  bella 
nee  funesta  timet  validae  certamina  classis 
nee,  spoliis  dum  sancta  deum  fulgentibus  ornet 
templa  vel  evectus  finem  transcendat  habendi, 
adversum  saevis  ultro  caput  hostibus  ofFert  ?  85 

illi  falce  deus  colitur,  non  arte  polituSj 
ille  colit  lucos,  illi  Panchaia  tura 
floribus  agrestes  herbae  variantibus  addunt ; 

^-  fuerint]  feriunt  Pkillimore  :  fervent  Ellis. 
^*  tangit  W:  angit  Ezc.  Ellis:  a.nget  Bikhder. 
^°  gratum]  Graiura  Hein-ni'.-f. 
''  referent  CVT.     Boethi]  Rhoeci  Lachmann. 
'^  dulci  Ezc.  H :  dulcisfl;  dubiis  V*. 
ss  addunt  r,  EUit :  adsunt  O. 
876 


CULEX 

warring  breasts !  What  though  fleeces,  twice  dipped 
in  Assyrian  dye,  be  not  bought  for  wealth  of  Attalus, 
though  gleam  of  gold  beneath  the  fretted  ceiling 
of  a  house,  and  brilliancy  of  painting,  move  not  a 
greedy  soul,  though  flashing  gems  be  never  deemed 
to  have  auglit  of  worth,  though  goblets  of  Alcon 
and  reliefs  of  Boethus  bring  no  joy,^  and  the  Indian 
Ocean's  pearls  be  of  no  esteem  ;  yet,  with  heart  free 
from  guile,  upon  the  soft  sward  he  oft  outstretches 
his  frame,  while  blossoming  earth,  painted  with 
jewelled  grasses,  in  sweet  spring  marks  the  fields, 
picked  out  with  varied  hues ;  and  lo !  as  he  delights 
in  the  mere's  resounding  reeds,  and  takes  his  ease 
apart  from  envy  and  deceit,  and  is  strong  in  his  own 
strength,  the  leafage  of  Tmolus  and  the  sheen  of 
green  boughs  enwraps  him  beneath  a  cloak  of  vines. 
His  are  pleasing  goats  that  drip  their  milky  dew,  his 
the  woodland  and  fruitful  Pales,  and,  deep  within 
the  vales,  shaded  grottoes  ever  trickling  with  fresh 
springs. 

"^^  Who  in  a  happier  age  could  be  more  blest  than 
he  who,  dwelling  afar,  with  pure  soul  and  feelings 
well  tested  knows  not  the  greed  of  wealth,  and  fears 
not  grim  wars  or  the  fatal  conflicts  of  a  mighty  fleet, 
nor  yet,  if  so  he  may  but  adorn  the  gods'  holy 
temples  with  gleaming  spoils,  or  high  uplifted  may 
surpass  the  limits  of  wealth,  wilfully  risks  his  life, 
confronting  savage  foes  ?  He  reverences  a  god 
shaped  by  pruning-knife,  not  by  artist's  skill ;  he 
reverences  the  groves  ;  for  him  the  grasses  of  the 
field,  mottled  with  flowers,  yield  Panchaean  incense ;  ^ 

^  An  Alcon  is  mentioned  in  E.  v.  11.  Like  Boethus,  who 
is  referred  to  by  Pliny  [N.H.  xxxiii.  12,  55),  be  was  pro- 
bably a  sculptor  or  ent^taver  in  metals, 

•  cf.  Gtoryica,  ii.  139. 

377 


VIRGIL 

illi  diilcis  adest  requics  et  pura  voluptas, 

libera,  simplicibus  curis  ;  hue  imminet,  omnis  90 

derigit  hue  sensus,  liaec  cura  est  subdita  cordi, 

quolibet  ut  requie  victu  contentus  abundet, 

iucundoque  liget  languentia  corpora  somno. 

o  pecudes,  o  Panes  et  o  gratissima  Tempe 

fontis  Hamadryadum,  quarum  non  divite  eultu        95 

aemulus  Ascraeo  pastor  sibi  quisque  poetae 

securam  placido  traducit  pectore  vitam  ! 

Talibus  in  studiis  baculo  dum  nixus  apricas 
pastor  agit  curas  et  dum  non  arte  eanora 
compacta  solitum  modulator  harundine  carmen,     100 
tendit  inevectus  radios  Hvperionis  ardor, 
lucidaque  aetherio  ponit  discrimina  mundo, 
qua  iacit  Oceanum  flammas  in  utrumque  rapacis. 
et  iam  compellente  vagae  pastore  capellae 
ima  susurrantis  repetebant  ad  vada  lymphae,  105 

quae  subter  viridem  residebant  caerula  museum, 
iam  medias  operum  partis  evectus  erat  Sol, 
cum  densas  pastor  pecudes  cogebat  in  umbras, 
ut  procul  aspexit  luco  residere  virenti, 
Delia  diva,  tuo,  quo  quondam  victa  furore  1 1 0 

venit  Nyctelium  fugiens  Cadmeis  Agaue, 
infandas  scelerata  manus  e  caede  cruenta — 
quae  gelidis  bacehata  iugis  requievit  in  antro, 
posterius  poenam  nati  de  morte  datura, 
hie  etiam  viridi  ludentes  Panes  in  herba  115 

*'  ut  requiem  vlctus  CL. 

•^  liget  V:  licet  n.:  levet  Exc.  '*  frondis  Heinsius. 

•^  pastori  quisque  V,  E'lis.     poetae  II :  poeta  fl. 
*'"'  solitum  It :  solidum  CI. 

*^*  datura  Aldine  1534:  futuram  GL :  futurum  rV. 
378 


CULEX 

his  are  sweet  repose  and  unsullied  pleasure,  free, 
with  simple  cares.  This  is  his  goal,  toward  this  he 
directs  every  sense;  this  is  the  thought  lurking 
within  his  heart,  that,  content  with  any  fare,  he 
may  be  rich  in  repose,  and  in  pleasant  sleep  may 
enchain  his  weary  frame.  O  flocks,  O  Pans,  O  vales 
of  Hamadryads,  delightful  in  your  springs,  in  whose 
humble  worship  the  shepherds,  vying  each  for  him- 
self with  the  bard  of  Ascra,^  spend  with  tranquil 
hearts  a  care-free  life. 

^8  Amid  such  joys,  while  leaning  on  his  staff  the 
shepherd  cons  his  sunny  themes,  and  while,  with 
no  artful  melody,  on  his  joined  reeds  he  attunes 
the  wonted  lay,  burning  Hyperion,  mounting  aloft, 
extends  his  rays,  and,  parting  midway  heaven's 
vault,  there  plants  his  light  where  into  either  Ocean 
he  flings  his  ravenous  flames.  And  now,  driven 
by  the  shepherd,  the  straying  goats  were  wending 
back  to  the  pools  of  whispering  water,  which  settled 
dark  beneath  the  verdant  moss.  Now  had  the  Sun 
ridden  o'er  the  mid  portion  of  his  course,  when  the 
shepherd  began  to  gather  his  flocks  within  the  thick 
shade.  Then  -  from  a  distance  he  saw  them  settle 
in  thy  green  grove,  O  Delian  goddess,  whither  once, 
smitten  with  madness,  came  Cadmus'  daughter, 
Agave,  flying  from  Nyctelius,^  her  cursed  hands 
defiled  with  blood  of  slaughter — Agave,  who  once 
had  revelled  on  the  cold  heights,  then  rested  in  the 
cave,  doomed  at  later  day  for  her  son's  death  to  pay 
penance.     Here,  too.  Pans  sporting  upon  the  green 

1  Hesiod ;  cf.  Edognex,  vi.  70 ;  Georgics,  ii.  176. 

'  The  Latin  sentence  has  no  grammatical  conclusion  ; 
"then"  is  a  substitute  for  "when." 

'  i.e.  Bacchus.  On  recovering  her  senses,  Agave  conceived 
a  horror  of  Bacchus,  the  god  whose  rites  she  was  celebrating 
'when  she  slew  Pentheus. 

379 


VIRGIL 

et  Satyri  Dryadesque  chorus  egere  pucllae 
Naiadum  coetu :  tantum  non  Orpheus  Hebrum 
restantem  tenuit  ripis  silvasque  canendo, 
quantum  te,  pernix,  remorantur,  diva,  chorea 
multa  tuo  laetae  fundentes  gaudia  voltu,  J20 

ipsa  loci  natura  domum,  resonante  susurro, 
quis  dabat  et  dulci  fessas  refovebat  in  umbra. 

Nam  primum  prona  surgebant  valle  patentes 
aeriae  platanus,  inter  quas  impia  lotos, 
impia,  quae  socios  Ithaci  maerentis  abegit,  125 

hospita  dum  nimia  tenuit  dulcedine  captos. 
at  quibus  insigni  curru  proiectus  equorum 
ambustus  Phaethon  luctu  mutaverat  artus, 
Heliades,  teneris  implexae  bracchia  truncis, 
Candida  fundebant  tentis  velamina  ramis.  1  SO 

posterius,  cui  Denioplioon  aeterna  reliquit 
perfidiam  lamentanti  mala  :  perfide  multis, 
perfide,  Demophoon,  et  nunc  dicende  puellis ! 
quam  comitabantur,  fatal ia  carmina,  quercus, 
quercus  ante  datae  Cereris  quam  semina  vitae  :      135 
illas  Triptolemi  mutavit  sulcus  aristis. 
hie  magnum  Argoae  navi  decus  edita  pinus 
proceros  decorat  silvas  hirsuta  per  artus, 
ac  petit  aeriis  contingere  montibus  astra. 

"*  chorus  {xopovs)  V'L. 

'1'  pernigi-e  morantem  O.  :  pernice  morantur  Ellis. 

'^*  plataiius  T:  platani  VWAT. 

'''  implexae  Heinsius  :  amplexae  CI. 

^^*  lamentanti  Weber,  Ellii:  lamentandi  J/.S".?.    perfide  V-. 
perfida  Xl. 

"^  dicende  Leo  :  deflende  Scaliger  :  defende. 

1"  addita  Fr,   Vollmer. 

'"  AC  ^etit  Heiiisiua,  Ellia .  iiypetit  CL    motihuH  Scaliger, 
380 


CULEX 

grasSj  and  Satyrs,  and  Dryaii  maids  with  the  Naiad 
throng,  once  trod  their  dances.  Not  so  much  did 
Orpheus  with  his  song  stay  Hebrus,  Hngering  within 
his  banks,  or  stay  the  woods,  as  much  as  with  their 
dance  they  keep  thee  tarrying,  O  fleet  goddess, 
gladly  shedding  many  joys  upon  thy  countenance — 
even  they,  to  wliom,  of  its  very  nature,  tlie  place 
with  its  echoing  whisper  gave  a  home,  refreshing 
their  weary  forms  in  its  sweet  shade. 

123  Por  first,  in  the  sloping  vale,  there  arose  spread- 
ing planes,  towering  high,  and  among  them  the 
wicked  lotus — wicked  for  that  she  seduced  the  com- 
rades of  the  sorrowing  Ithacan,  while  she  welcomed 
and  held  them  captive  with  undue  charm. ^  Then 
they,  whose  limbs  Phaethon,  hurled  forth  in  flames 
from  the  resplendent  car  of  the  Sun's  steeds,  had 
through  grief  transformed, — the  Heliads,-  their  arms 
entwining  the  slender  stems — from  outstretched 
branches  lavished  their  white  veiling.  Next  came 
she,^  to  whom,  lamenting  his  perfidy,  Demophoon 
left  unending  grief — ah!  Demophoon,  "perfidious" 
called  of  many,  even  still  worthy  to  be  called  of 
maidens  "perfidious"  !  Oaks  attended  her,  chanters 
of  the  fates* — oaks  once  given  for  man's  sustenance 
before  the  grains  of  Ceres  :  these  oaks  the  furrow  of 
Triptolemus  exchanged  for  ears  of  corn. ^  Here  the 
great  glory  of  the  Argoan  ship,*  the  lofty  pine, 
shaggy  in  her  stately  limbs,  adorns  the  woods,  and 
on  the  skyey  mountains  is  fain  to  reach  the  stars. 

*  cf.  Homer,  Odyssey,  ix.  83  fl'. 

*  i.e.  Phaethon's  sisters,  who  were  turned  into  poplars. 

^  Phyllis,  who  at  death  was  changed  into  an  almond-tiee. 
She  died  of  grief,  supposing  that  Demophoon  had  deserted  her. 

*  Referring  to  the  oracle  at  Dodona  ;  cf.  Oeorgia,  i.  8  and 
147  ft. 

»  cf.  Qeorgic6,  i.  19.  •  (f.  Edoguta,  iv.  34  and  38. 

381 


VIRGIL 

ilicis  et  nigrae  species  et  fleta  cupressus  140 

umbrosaeque  manent  fagus  hederaeque  ligantes 

bracchia^  fraternos  plangat  ne  populus  ictus, 

ipsaeque  escendunt  ad  summa  cacumina  lentae 

pinguntque  aureolos  viridi  pallore  corynibos  ; 

quis  aderat  veteris  myrtus  non  nescia  fati.  145 

at  volucres  patuHs  residentes  dulcia  raniis 

carmina  per  varies  eduiit  resonantia  cantus. 

his  suberat  gelidis  manans  e  fontibus  unda, 

quae  levibus  placidum  rivis  sonat  acta  liquoiL-m  ; 

et  quaqua  geminas  avium  vox  obstrepit  auris,         150 

hac  querulae  referunt  voces,  quis  nantia  limo 

corpora  h'mpha  fovet ;  sonitus  alit  aeris  echo, 

argutis  et  cuncta  fremunt  ardore  cicadis. 

at  circa  passim  fessae  cubuere  capellae 

excelsis  subter  dumis,  quos  leniter  adflans  155 

aura  susurrantis  poscit  confuiidere  venti. 

Pastor,  ut  ad  fontem  densa  requievit  in  umbra, 
mitem  concepit  proiectus  membra  soporem, 
anxius  insidiis  nullis,  sed  lentus  in  herbis 
securo  presses  somno  mandaverat  artus.  l60 

stratus  humi  dulcem  capiebat  corde  quietem, 
ni  Fors  incertos  iussisset  ducere  casus, 
nam  solitum  volvens  ad  tempus  tractibus  isdem 
immanis  vario  maculatus  corpore  serpens, 
mersus  ut  in  limo  magno  subsideret  aestu,  l65 

obvia  vibranti  carpens,  gravis  acre,  lingua, 
squamosos  late  torquebat  motibus  orbis  : 

1"  et  fleta  Ellig :  et  leta  n.  i*'  monent  Sillifj. 

'■'^  escendunt  Heyne:  accedunt  T:  excedunt  VOL. 

^*'  liquorum //au;)^,  Leo.       ^*"  qua.qu&  Baith :  quan  quam. 

^^^  subter  Heyne  :  super  :  supra  r. 

***  subsideret  Bemho:  sub  eideris :  Ellis  thinki  a  verse  has 
been  lost. 

"'  montibus  VvL. 
382 


CULEX 

Still  stand  the  shapely  black  ilex,  the  C3'press  of 
grief,  shadowy  beeches,  and  ivies  binding  the  poplar's 
arms,  lest,  for  her  brother's  sake,^  she  smite  herself 
with  blows :  themselves,  fast  clinging,  mount  to  the 
very  tops,  and  paint  their  golden  clusters  with  pale 
green.  Hard  by  these  was  the  myrtle,  not  unknow- 
ing of  her  fate  of  old.''  The  birds,  the  while,  settling 
on  the  spreading  branches,  sing  songs  resounding  in 
varied  melodies.  Beneath  was  water  trickling  from 
cold  springs,  which,  wending  in  fine  rills,  murmurs 
in  its  peaceful  current ;  and  where'er  voice  of  birds 
strikes  upon  twin  ears,  there  in  querulous  tone  re- 
spond the  frogs,  whose  bodies,  afloat  in  the  mire, 
are  nurtured  by  its  moisture.  The  echoing  air 
swells  the  sounds,  and  amid  the  heat  all  nature  is 
humming  with  the  shrill  cicadas.  Here  and  there, 
round  about,  lay  the  weary  goats  beneath  the  lofty 
thickets,  which  a  breath  of  whispering  wind,  gently 
blowing  thither,  essays  to  disturb. 

^^^  Soon  as  by  the  spring  amid  the  deep  shade  the 
shepherd  sought  repose  with  limbs  outstretched,  he 
fell  upon  a  gentle  sleep ;  troubled  by  no  treachery, 
but  lying  at  ease  upon  the  grass,  he  had  consigned 
his  o'erpowered  frame  to  care-free  slumber.  Prone 
upon  the  ground,  he  was  enjoying  to  the  full  sweet 
restfulness — had  not  Fortune  bade  him  draw  un- 
certain lots ! 

163  Pq^j  gliding  along  at  his  wonted  time  in  the 
self-same  course,  a  monstrous  serpent,  speckled  and 
mottled  in  body,  with  intent  to  plunge  in  the  mire 
and  seek  shelter  from  the  exceeding  heat, —  noisome 
of  breath,  and  snatching  with  darting  tongue  at  all 
in  his  way — in  far-circling  movements  was  twisting 

'   i.e.  for  Piiaethon's  sake. 

*  Myrsine,  priestess  of  Venus,  was  changed  iulo  a  myrtle. 

383 


VIRGIL 

tollebant  irae  venientis  ad  omnia  visus. 

iam  magis  atque  magis  corpus  revolubile  volvens 

attollit  nitidis  pectus  fulgohbus,  effert  170 

sublimi  cervice  caputs  cui  crista  supeme 

edita,  purpureo  lucens  maculatur  amictu^ 

aspectuque  micant  flammarum  lumina  torvo. 

metabat  sese  circum  loca,  cum  videt  ingens 

adversum  recubare  ducem  ffregis.     acrior  instat     175 

lumina  ditfundens  intendere  et  obvia  tonus 

saepius  arripiens  Infringere,  quod  sua  quisquam 

ad  vada  venisset.     naturae  comparat  arma  : 

ardet  mente,  furit  stridoribus,  insonat  ore, 

flexibus  eversis  torquentur  corporis  orbes,  180 

manant  sanguineae  per  tractus  undique  guttae, 

spiritus  erumpit  fauces,     cui  cuncta  parantur, 

par^Tilus  hunc  prior  umoris  conteiTCt  alumnus, 

et  mortem  Nitare  monet  per  acumina.     namque 

qua  diducta  genas  pandebant  lumina.  gemmans     185 

hac  senioris  erat  naturae  pupula  telo 

icta  \e\'i,  cum  prosiluit  furibundus  et  ilium 

obtritum  Morti  misit,  cui  dissitus  omnis 

spiritus  excessit  sensus.     turn  ton-a  tenentem 

lumina  respexit  serpentem  comminus;  inde  190 

impiger,  exanimis,  vix  compos  mente  refugit, 

et  validum  dextra  detraxit  ab  arbore  truncum. 

qui  casus  sociarit  opem  numenve  deorum, 

prodere  sit  dubium.  valuit  sed  \"incere  talis 

horrida  squamosi  voh'entia  membra  draconis,         195 

1*'  irae  Leo:  herl'ae  Ri'-'beck :  acies  Voibner :  anrae  fl. 

*'"  effert  Friesemann,  EUia:    ecfert    Eibhtch:    ecce  Leo : 
el  se  n.  ^'*  ingens]  aniens  Pkilliriwre, 

^'*  torvo  n :  torua  r.  *"^  computet  r,  EUig. 

^'^  insonat  T:   intonat.  ^**  torqnetur  VCL. 

^**  parantur  Hou^man  :  paranti. 

*'*  genimans  ScKrader :  gernmas  r :  gemmis  ii. 

***  natura  V:  mature  Bothe,  Elli*.  ^**  eianimua 

384 


CULEX 

his  scaly  coils  :  as  on  he  came,  he  upraised  his  eyes  in 
anger  to  survey  the  whole  scene.  N0W3  rolling  more 
and  more  his  writhing  body,  he  uplifts  his  breast 
with  gleaming  flashes  ;  on  his  towering  neck  he  rears 
his  head,  and  his  crest  rises  aloft ;  his  purple  coat 
shines  and  sparkles,  and  his  blazing  eye  gleams  with 
savage  look.  He  was  surveying  the  ground  round 
about,  when,  lying  in  his  way,  the  monster  espied 
the  guardian  of  the  flock.  More  fiercely  he  rolls  his 
eyes  and  presses  on  in  his  course,  and  more  often  does 
he  seize  and  crush  what  lies  in  his  path,  infuriate 
that  any  man  had  come  to  his  waters.  Nature's 
weapons  he  makes  ready  :  he  rages  in  mind,  he  hisses 
in  wrath  ;  his  mouth  resounds  ;  his  body's  coils  writhe 
in  upheaving  curves ;  all  along  his  course  trickle 
drops  of  blood ;  his  breathing  bursts  his  jaws. 

^^^  Him,  against  whom  all  is  preparing,  a  tiny 
nursling  of  the  damp  affrights  in  time,  and  warns  by 
its  sting  to  avoid  death.  For  where  the  eyes  were 
parted  and  opened  their  lids,  there  the  old  man's 
jewelled  orb  was  smitten  by  the  light  dart  Nature 
had  furnished.  Thereat,  full  of  rage,  he  leaped 
forth,  and  crushed  and  slew  the  Gnat,  whose  breath, 
all  dispersed,  quitted  his  senses.  Then,  near  at 
hand,  as  it  fixed  its  fierce  eyes  upon  him,  he  espied 
the  serpent ;  and  thereon  with  speed,  dismayed  and 
Avellnigh  reft  of  wit,  he  fled  aback,  and  with  his 
hand  tore  from  a  tree  a  sturdy  bough.  What  chance 
gave  him  aid,  or  what  spirit  divine,  it  were  hard  to 
tell,  but  such  as  he  was,  he  availed  to  worst  the 
scaly   serpent's  dreadful  writhing   limbs,  and  as  it 

385 
VOL.  a.  c  c 


VIRGIL 

atque  reluctantis  crebris  foedeque  petentis 
ictibus  ossa  ferit,  cingunt  qua  tempora  cristiie. 
et  quod  erat  tardus  somni  languore  remoti 
nee  senis  aspiciens  timor  obcaecaverat  artus, 
hoc  minus  implicuit  dira  formidine  mentem.  200 

quem  postquam  vidit  caesum  languescere,  sedit. 
lam  quatit  et  biiugis  oriens  Evebois  equos  Nox 
et  piger  aurata  procedit  Vesper  ab  Oeta, 
cum  grege  compulso  pastor,  duplicantibus  umbris, 
vadit  et  in  fessos  requiem  dare  coraparat  artus.     205. 
cuius  ut  intravit  levior  per  corpora  somnus 
languidaque  eft'uso  requierunt  membra  sopore, 
effigies  ad  eum  Culicis  devenit  et  illi 
tristis  ab  eventu  cecinit  convicia  mortis, 
"quis,"  inquit,  "meritis  ad  quae  delatus  acerbas    210 
cogor  adire  vices  ?  tua  dum  mihi  carior  ipsa 
vita  fuit  vita,  rapior  per  inania  ventis, 
tu  lentus  refoves  iucunda  membra  quiete, 
ereptus  taetris  e  cladibus  ;  at  mea  Manes 
viscera  Lethaeas  cogunt  transnare  per  undas ;        215 
praeda  Charonis  agor,  vidi  et  flagrantia  taedis 
limina  :  conlucent  infernis  omnia  templis. 
obvia  Tisiphone,  serpentibus  undique  compta, 
et  flammas  et  saeva  quatit  mihi  verbera.     pone 
Cerberus,  et  diris  flagrant  latratibus  ora,  220 

anguibus  hinc  atque  hinc  horrent  cui  colla  reflexis, 
sanguineique  micant  ai'dorem  luminis  orbes. 

*'*  remoti  Vollmer:  renioto. 

*'*  nee  senis  Hertzherg:  nescius  Ci :  nee  prius  Sillig. 
2<">  implevit  V^. 

^1"  quia  inquit  Htynt :  q^uid  inquit  T:  inquit  quid. 
*i'  ventis]  Averni  Heinsius. 
*i*  vidi  et  T:  vides  (vidi)  ut. 

"'  limina  .4  y.-  lumina.  ""  et]  en  Hibheck,  Vollmer. 

'^'^^  horrent  H :  arent  CL  *^'  eanguineaque. 

386 


CULEX 

struggles  and  assails  in  hideous  wise,  he  with  fre- 
(jucnt  strokes  smites  its  bones,  where  the  crest 
fringes  its  temples  ;  and  in  that  he  was  dulled  with 
the  drowsiness  of  the  sleep  he  had  shaken  off,  and 
fear  at  sight  of  his  foe  had  not  yet  benumbed  his 
aged  limbs,  he  did  not  so  much  confuse  his  mind 
with  direful  terror  ;  but,  soon  as  he  saw  the  monster 
languish  in  death,  he  sat  him  down. 

202  Now  Night,  arising,  was  urging  on  her  steeds 
in  the  two-horse  car  of  Erebus, '^  and  slow  Vesper 
was  advancing  from  golden  Oeta,^  when  the  shepherd, 
his  flock  folded,  wended  his  way  in  the  thickening 
shadows,  and  prepared  to  give  rest  to  his  weary 
frame.  Soon  as  gentle  sleep  passed  o'er  his  body, 
and  his  listless  limbs,  steeped  in  slumber,  sank  to 
rest,  there  descended  upon  liim  tiie  spectre  of  the 
Gnat,  and  sang  him  rej)roachful  strains  by  reason  of 
his  sad  death  :  "  What  deserts  are  mine.^"  he  cries, 
•'and  to  what  ills  am  I  wafted,  who  am  called  to 
face  a  bitter  requital.''  Wliile  thy  life  was  dearer 
to  me  than  life  itself,  I  am  swept  by  the  winds 
through  empty  space.  Thou,  at  thine  ease,  in  sAveet 
repose  refreshes!  thy  limbs,  thou  that  wast  snatched 
from  a  hideous  death  ;  but  my  remains  the  Shades 
compel  to  pass  o'er  Lethe's  waters ;  as  Charon's 
spoil  am  I  driven,  and  thresholds  aflame  with  brands 
have  I  beheld  :  in  those  regions  below  all  is  ablaze. 
Tisiphone,  her  locks  wreathed  on  every  side  with 
serpents,  besets  the  way  and  brandishes  before  me 
fires  and  cruel  scourges  ;  behind  her  is  Cerberus,  his 
mouths  inflamed  with  fearful  barking,  his  necks 
bristling  with  twisted  snakes  this  \/ay  and  that,  and 
his  eyes  flashing  the  fire  of  a  blood-red  light.     Alas  I 

*  Night  is  sister  and  wife  of  Erebus. 

•  <^.  Eclogues,  viii.  30. 

887 
c  c  2 


VIRGIL 

heu,  quid  ab  officio  digressa  est  gratia,  cum  to 

restitui  superis  leti  iam  limine  ab  ipso? 

praemia  sunt  pietatis  ubi,  pietatis  honores?  226 

in  vanas  abiere  vices,  et  rure  recessit 

lustitiae  prior  ilia  fides,     instantia  vidi 

alterius,  sine  respectu  mea  fata  relinquens 

ad  parilis  agor  eventus  :  fit  poena  merenti. 

poena  sit  exitium  ;  modo  sit  tum  grata  voluntas,  230 

exsistat  par  officium.     feror  avia  carpens, 

Rvia  Cimmerios  inter  distantia  lucos  ; 

quam  circa  tristes  densentur  in  omnia  poenae ! 

nam  vinctus  sedet  immanis  serpentibus  Otos, 

devinctum  maestus  procul  aspiciens  Ephialten,      235 

conati  quondam  cum  sint  rescindere  mundum ; 

et  Tityos,  Latona,  tuae  memor  anxius  irae 

(im})lacabilis  ira  nimis)  iacet  alitis  esca. 

terreor,  a,  tantis  insistere,  terreor,  umbris, 

ad  Stygias  revocatus  aquas  !  vix  ultimus  amni        240 

exstat,  nectareas  divum  qui  prodidit  escas, 

gutturis  arenti  revolutus  in  omnia  sensu. 

quid  saxum  procul  adverso  qui  monte  revolvit, 

contempsisse  dolor  quern  numina  vincitacerbans? 

otia  quaerentem  frustra  sinite  ;  ite  puellae,  245 

ite,  quibus  taedas  accendit  tristis  Erinys : 

***  iuie  Br.  ^"  lustitia  et  Schrader. 

228  relinquea  ?  Phil/imore. 
233  agmina  Jacobs :  ostia  Ellis. 
236  rescindere  V:  inscendere  n. 
23'  tuas  .  .  .  iras  C.'{except  V}. 

2*°  ad  .  .  .  aquas  commonly  taken  with  what  follows. 
2**  acerbans  V:  acerbas  SL :  -am  r. 

2*»  sinite,  ite  Leo:  eiblite :  sub  lite  V:  sub  lite?  quid  iDae 
PhiUimore.  **"  accendi  Ellis. 


CULEX 

why  failed  my  kindness  to  win  the  service  due, 
when  even  from  Death's  very  threshold,  I  restored 
thee  to  the  living  ?  Where  is  the  guerdon  of  kind- 
ness, where  kindness'  due  return  ?  Gone  to  an 
empty  requital,  and  that  old-time  faith  in  Justice 
has  passed  from  out  the  land.*  I  saw  the  fate 
which  threatened  another ;  mine  own  I  left  without 
regard,  and  now  am  driven  to  a  doom  like  unto  his  : 
punishment  falls  to  tlie  deserving.  Let  the  punish- 
ment be  death ;  only  let  there  be  a  grateful  iie.irt, 
let  an  equal  service  be  rendered  I 

231  ({ I  take  my  way  o'er  pathless  regions — path- 
less regions  far  away  amid  Cimmerian  groves,  and 
about  me  throng  the  woeful  penalties  for  all  mis- 
deeds. For,  fast  bound  with  serpents,  monstrous 
Otus  sits,  mournfully  gazing  at  Ephialtes,  enchained 
hard  by,  for  that  once  they  essayed  to  tear  down 
heaven  2;  and  Tityus  in  distress,  mindful,  O  Latona, 
of  thy  wrath  (too  insatiate  thy  wrath  !)  is  Iviiig 
there,  meat  for  winged  fowl.^  I  fear,  ah  !  I  fear 
me  to  press  nigh  such  mighty  shades, —  I,  called 
back  to  the  Stygian  waters.  With  head  scarce 
rising  above  the  stream,  stands  he  who  betraved 
the  nectar-feasts  of  the  gods,"*  turning  in  all  direc- 
tions with  fever-stricken  throat.  What  of  him, 
who  rolls  a  stone  up  the  mount  afar,  whom  em- 
bittering pain  convicts  of  having  scorned  the  gods  ?  ^ 
Let  me  be, — me,  vainly  seeking  repose ;  go,  ye 
maidens,^  go  ye,  for  whom  gloomy  Erinys^  kindled 
the  torches :  in  guise  of  Hymen  Erinys  spake  the 

*  cf.  Georgics,  ii.  473  f.         ^  c/.  Aen.  vi.  582. 
»  cf.  Aen.  VT.  595.  *  Tantahis. 

"  i.e.  Sisyphus;  ef.  Oeorgirs,  III.  39. 


VIRGIL 

sicut  Hjmen  praefata  dedit  conubia  Mortis. 

atque  alias  alio  densas  super  agmine  turmas : 

impietate  fera  vecordem  Colchida  matrem, 

anxia  sollicitis  meditantem  volnera  natis  ;  250 

iam  Pandionias  miseranda  prole  puellas, 

quarum  vox  Ityn  edit  Itjn,  quo  Bistonius  rex 

orbus  epops  maeret  volucris  evectus  in  auras. 

at  discordantes  Cadmeo  semine  fratres 

iam  truculenta  ferunt  infestaque  lumina  corpus     255 

alter  in  alterius,  iamque  aversatur  uterque, 

impia  germani  manat  quod  sanguine  dextra. 

eheUj  mutandus  numquam  labor  I  auferor  ultra 

in  diversa  magis,  distantia  nomina  cerno, 

Elvsiam  tranandus  agor  delatus  ad  undam.  260 

obvia  Persephone  comites  heroidas  urget 

adversas  praeferre  faces.     Alcestis  ab  omni 

inviolata  vacat  cura,  quod  saeva  mariti 

in  Chalcodoniis  Admeti  fata  morata  est. 

ecce^  Ithaci  coniunx  semper  decus,  Icariotis,  265 

femineum  concepta  decus,  manel  et  procul  ilia 

turba  ferox  iuvenum,  telis  confixaj  procorum. 

quid,  misera  Eurydice,  tanto  maerore  recesti 

poenaque  respectus  et  nunc  manet  Orpheos  in  te? 

audax  ille  quidem,  qui  mitem  Cerberon  umquam  270 

credidit  aut  ulli  Ditis  placabile  numen 

'**  VoUmer  recognize?  an  anacohUhon;  Leo  thinks  a  verse 
ha ''/alien  out.     densant  Ellis,     supero  Haiipt. 

'^1  Pandionia  Housman.     miserandas  n,  Housman. 

"»  numina  CBE.         ""  Elysium  tranamus  Ellis. 

***  fata  Btmho :  tura    Ribbeck:  iura    Unger :   causa   Ellis- 
cura  fl. 

'"  decus  manet,  et  Ellii, 
390 


CULEX 

boding  words,  and  brought  a  marriage  fraught  with 
death.  A}',  and  other  ranks  there  are,  thronging 
line  u})on  line :  the  Colchian  mother/  frenzied  with 
wicked  savagery,  musing  on  distressful  wounds  for 
her  affrighted  children  ;  anon,  the  sisters  of  Pandion's 
piteous  stock,2  whose  voice  cries  Itys,  Itys,  as,  bereft 
of  him,  the  Bistonian  king^  mourns  in  his  hoopoe 
shape,  wafted  to  the  winged  breezes.  Yea,  and  the 
quarrelling  brothers  of  Cadmus*  line  *  cast  fierce, 
unfriendly  glances  upon  each  other's  person,  and 
now  each  recoils,  for  his  unholy  b.and  drips  with  a 
brother's  blood.  Alas  !  this  anguish  that  shall  never 
change  ! 

258  a  Qj^  ^Q  far  different  sights  am  I  hurried ; 
famous  spirits  I  descry  afar  ;  across  Elysium's  waters 
I  must  SAvim,  and  thither  I  am  borne.  In  my  path, 
Persephone  urges  the  heroine  throng  ^  to  raise  before 
them  their  confronting  torches.  Alcestis,  unscathed, 
is  free  from  all  care,  for  that  she  stayed  the  cruel 
fate  of  her  husband  Admetus  among  the  Chalcodo- 
nians.  Lo!  the  Ithacan's  wife,*^  ever  his  glory, 
daughter  of  IcariuS;  deemed  the  glory  of  womankind  ; 
and,  hard  by,  waits  that  arrogant  throng  of  youthful 
suitors,  pierced  with  arrows.  Why,  poor  Eurydice, 
hast  thou  withdrawn  in  such  sorrow  ?  And  why 
even  now  waits  upon  thee  punishment  for  that  back- 
ward look  of  Orpheus .''  Bold  indeed  was  he,  who 
thought  that  Cerberus  was  ever  mild,  or  that  the 
godhead  of  Dis  could  be  appeased  of  any,  and  who, 

1  Medea  ;  cf.  Edogut^,  viii.  47  ff. 
^  Philomela  and  Prociie  ;  cf.  Eclogues,  VI.  78. 
'  Tereus,  father  of  Itys. 
*  Eteocles  and  PolyniceB. 

'  A  band  of  women,  such  as  encountered  Odysseus  in  the 
lower  world  ;  (/.  Homer,  Odyssey,  xi.  225  fiL 
■  Penelope. 

391 


VIRGIL 

nee  timuit  Phlegethonta,  furens,  ardentibus  undis 
nee  maesta  obtenta  Ditis  ferrugine  regna 
defossasque  domos  ac  Tartara  nocte  cruenta 
obsita  nee  faciles  Ditis  sine  iudice  sedes,  275 

iudice,  qui  vitae  post  mortem  vindicat  acta, 
sed  Fortuna  valens  audacem  fecerat  ante  : 
iam  rapidi  steterant  amnes  et  turba  ferarum 
blanda  voee  sequax  regionem  insederat  Orphei, 
iamque  imam  viridi  radicem  moverat  alte  280 

quercus  humo silvaeque  sonorae 

sponte  sua  cantus  rapiebant  cortice  avara. 
labentis  biiugis  etiam  per  sidera  Lunae 
pressit  equos,  et  tu  cupientis,  menstrua  virgo, 
auditura  lyram^  tenuisti  nocte  relicta.  285 

haee  eadem  potuit,  Ditis,  te  vincere,  eoniunx, 
Eurydicenque  ultro  ducendam  reddere  :  non  fas, 
non  erat  invictae  divae  exorabile  mortis, 
ilia  quidem,  nimium  Manis  experta  severos, 
praeceptum  signabat  iter,  nee  rettuHt  intus  290 

lumina  nee  divae  corrupit  munera  lingua; 
sed  tu  crudelis,  crudelis  tu  magis,  Orpheu, 
oseula  cara  petens  rupisti  iussa  deorum. 
dignus  amor  venia ;  gratum,  si  Tartara  nossent, 
peecatum  :  meminisse  grave  est.  vos  sede  piorum,  295 
vos  manet  heroum  contra  manus.     hie  et  uterque 
Aeacides  :  Peleus  namque  et  Telamouia  virtus 

*"*  furentem  Bumho,  Ellis. 

*"*  defossasque  VB*:  nee  fossasque  n,  VoUmer. 
*'*  Dictaeo  ScaUger, 

*'^  steterant  amnes  ( from  278)  has  supplanted  the  original. 
«»  luna  CBE. 

*^*  cupientis  Lto :  currentia  (-es). 
*'*  venia  est  Exc,     Tartara]  numina  r. 
392 


CULEX 

in  his  frenzy,  feared  not  Phlegethon  nor  his  blazing 
waters,  nor  the  mournful  realms  of  Dis,  o'erlaid  with 
gloom,  the  dwellings  of  Tartarus,  buried  deep,  and 
beset  with  cruel  night,  nor  the  abodes  of  Dis,  easy 
of  entry  were  there  not  a  judge  ^ — a  judge,  who 
after  death  passes  sentence  on  the  deeds  of  life. 
But  Fortune,  potent  in  the  past,  had  made  him  bold. 
Ere  then,  swift  rivers  had  stood  still ;  the  throng  of 
wild  beasts,  following  by  reason  of  his  alluring  voice, 
had  pressed  close  upon  Orpheus ;  and  ere  then,  from 
the  green  ground,  the  oak  had  moved  its  deepest 
root  aloft,  and  of  their  own  free  will  the  whistling 
Avoods  were  snatching  his  songs  with  greedy  bark. 
Even  in  their  gliding  course  amid  the  stars  he 
checked  Luna's  tuin-yoked  steeds,  and  at  their 
desire,  thou  thyself,  O  maiden  of  the  month,  eager 
to  hear  the  lyre,  didst  hold  them  back,  deserting  the 
night.  This  same  lyre  availed  to  conquer  thee,  O 
bride  of  Dis,  and  make  thee  of  thine  own  will  restore 
Eurydice,  to  be  led  away.  No  right  over  unvan- 
quished  death  had  the  goddess,  no  right  that  would 
yield  to  prayer.  Eurydice  indeed,  who  ere  this  had 
found  the  Shades  too  stern,  was  marking  out  the  path 
prescribed,  and  turned  not  lier  eyes  to  gaze  within,  nor 
annulled  the  goddess'  gifts  by  speech.  But  thou  cruel 
one,  thou  more  cruel,  Orpheus,seeking  her  dear  kisses, 
didst  break  the  commandments  of  the  gods  !  Worthy 
of  pardon  was  thy  love ;  pleasing  thy  sin,  did  Hell 
but  know  :  yet  gi-ievous  is  the  remembrance.* 

295  «For  you,  O  heroines,  over  against  you  in  the 
house  of  the  righteous,  there  waits  a  band  of  heroes. 
Here  are  the  two  sons  of  Aeacus :  for  Peleus  and 

*  cf.  Aen.  VI.  431. 

'  This  seems  to  refer  back  to  268  above;  Eurydice  re- 
members with  sorrow. 

$9S 


VIRGIL 

per  secura  patris  laetantur  numina,  quonirc 
conubis  Venus  et  Virtus  iniunxit  honorem  : 
hunc  rapuit  serra  :  ast  ilium  Nereis  amaWt.  300 

assidet  hac  iuvenis ;  sociat  te  gloria  sortis, 
alter,  in  excessum,  referens  a  navibus  ignis 
Argolicis  Phn-gios  tor%-a  feritate  repulsos. 
"  O  quis  non  referat  talis  divortia  belli, 
quae  Troiae  videre  \Tri  vadereque  Grai,  305 

Teucria  cum  magno  manaret  sanguine  tellus, 
et  Simois  Xanthique  liquor,  Sigeaque  praeter 
litora,  cum  Troas  sae^i  ducis  Hectoris  ira 
truderet  in  classis  inimica  mente  Pelasgas 
volnera  tela  neces  ignis  inferre  paratos  ?  310 

ipsa  vagis  namque  Ida  potens  feritatis,  et  ipsa 
Ida  faces  altrix  cupidis  praebebat  alumnis, 
omnis  ut  in  cineres  Rhoetei  litoris  era 
classibus  ambustis  flamma  lacrimante  daretur. 
hinc  erat  oppositus  contra  Telamonius  heros  315 

obiectoque  dabat  clipeo  certamina,  et  illinc 
Hector  erat.  Troiae  summum  decus,  acer  uterque ; 
fluminibus  veluti  fragor  <estj  cum  vere  vagantur> 

*5B  hanc  Vorimer.     rapnit  ferit  art    serva   Bembo :  rapuit 
Periboea  Schrader:  rapit  Hesiona,  ast  HtinsiuB,  EUis. 

^^'^  huic  Ellis.     Boeiat  de  Ci :  sociate  V. 

*"*  alter]  acer  Bemoo.     inexcisfsjmn  BT:    inexcelsum  V. 

***  tors-a  Bembo :  turba.     feritate]  feiit  arte  r :  trepidant* 
EUis. 

*"'  propter  Jlcinsius,  Elli^s. 

•••*  truderet  Baehrens :  vi  daret  Leo :  videre  (vldi). 

*"  ipsa  vagisj  ipsa  ingis  Bembo:  ipsas  vagit  T:  ipsa  sadis 
^li.s.     potens]  parens  EIUb. 

tii-ttts  gil■^r^  according  to  VoUmere  conjectural  rtftoraiion. 
594 


CULEX 

valiant  Telamon  rejoice,  care-free  through  their 
sire's  divinity  ' — they  upon  whose  nuptials  Venus  and 
Valour  bestowed  glory :  captivated  was  the  one  by 
liis  bondmaid ;  ^  the  other  was  loved  of  a  Nereid.^ 
Here,  at  their  side,  is  seated  a  youth ;  *  with  him 
the  fame  of  thy  lot,  O  second  youth,  allies  thee  unto 
death,  for  thou  tellest  of  the  Phrygian  fires  thrust 
back  from  the  Greek  ships  with  wild  and  savage 
valour. 

804  t(  Q  ^v]jo  could  not  tell  of  the  partings  in  such 
a  war,  which  the  heroes  of  Troy  and  the  heroes  of 
Greece  beheld,  what  time  the  Teucrian  soil  streamed 
with  plenteous  blood,  and  Simois  and  the  flowing 
Xanthus ;  and  what  time,  along  the  Sigean  shores, 
Hector,  stern  and  angry  captain,  drove  the  Trojans 
with  hostile  intent  against  the  Pelasgian  ships,  ready 
to  assail  with  wounds  and  weapons,  with  death  and 
flames  ?  For,  as  they  roamed  abroad,  Ida  herself, 
queen  of  savage  life,  Ida  herself,  their  nursing  mo- 
ther, furnished  brands  to  her  sons  at  their  desire, 
that  so  the  whole  Rhoetean  shore  might  be  given 
over  to  ashes,  as  with  the  tear-dropping  flame  of 
pine  the  ships  were  consumed.  On  one  side, 
arrayed  against  the  foe,  was  the  hero  sprung  of 
Telamon,  ofi'ering  combat  from  under  his  covering 
shield  ;  and  on  the  other  was  Hector,  Troy's  chief 
glory,  both  eager  for  the  fray.  Even  as  on  rivers  is 
heard  a  I'oar,  when  in  spring-time  they  descend  from 

'  Peleua  and  Telamon  live  among  the  blest,  because  their 
father  Aeacus  received  the  gift  of  immortality. 

*  Hesione,  daughter  of  Laomedon,  whom  Hercules,  on 
conquering  Tro}',  gave  as  captive  to  Telamon,  by  whom  she 
became  mother  of  Ajax. 

"  Thetis,  who  married  Poleus,  was  the  mother  of  Achilles. 

*  Achilles  ;  the  aecoud  youth  is  Ajax. 


VIRGIL 

<liMmt>ibas  in  s.e<get€S5  sic  alter  proicit  igTjes>    318a 
tegmuubus  teBsqae  super,  <qnis  hostibus  arma> 
eiqieret  redttos,  alter  Vdicania  ferro  330 

vt^era  protecbis  depeDere  navibas  instat. 

"  Hos  eiat  Aeaddes  volta  laetatns  hcmoTes, 
Dardaniaieqne  alter  foso  qDod  sanguine  campis 
Hectoreo  xidbx  InstraTit  ompore  Troeam. 
niisas  acexf»  fremont,  Paris  hone  qaod  letat,  et  haius 
firma  dolis  Ithad  vhtiis  qiKtd  conddit  icta.  S26 

hide  gait  aTctsos  paoles  Laertia  Tcdtos, 
et  iam  Strymonii  Bhesi  viclorqae  D(J<»is, 
Pallade  iam  laetatnr  ovansL  mr^isqae  tremescit : 
iam  CSoonas  iamqae  horret  atrox  Laestrrgcmas  ipse, 
inmn  ScyOa  rapax,  canlbas  saccincta  MoIossb,       S3 1 
Aetnaensqae  Cjckqis,  iDnm  Zanelaea  Chaiybdis 
palleiitesqoe  laccs  et  sq[Da]ida  Taitara  terrent. 

'*'  Hie  et  Tantaleae  gioieramen  pao&s  Atrides 

assidet,  Argivmn  Inmen,  qao  flamma  regente        SS5 

Doris  ErichtlKMiias  prostraTit  fimditas  arces. 

reddidit,  hen.  Grains  poenas  tiln,  Troia,  menti, 

UeDe^wntiacis  obitnnis  leddidit  nndisL 

ilia  Tices  hominnm  testala  est  ec^Ha  quondam, 

ne  qnisqnam  pnpriae  Ffnttanae  numere  dires        340 

iret  ineTectns  raffam  super :  onme  propiuqoo 

frangitnr  invidiae  telo  decns.     ibat  in  altnm 

*^  b(K  Hampt:  hoe  iX:  Ue  V.    honxe  Sci£gier. 
**"  fima  heo:  alta  SaBigar:  azno. 

kstrigone  (loutf  wari  IbbQ  A:  -es  ifse  V:  <as  ipae  .filA- 


ieeL    fiaaea  BBm:  fit»  YiOmer. 

*■■  7^""*^^  V:  BKitiienda  a  :  et  veriila  r. 

'"^  Troiaraeoti  Tfi'MJim .  latdm. fawia  V&L\  t7oia«  vaiia  r. 
396 


CULEX 

the  mountains  upon  the  corn-fields :  so  from  above 
the  one  hurls  fires  upon  shields  and  darts,  that 
thereby  he  may  rob  the  foe  of  weapons  of  return ; 
the  other,  guarding  himself  with  his  sword,  presses 
on  to  ward  off"  from  the  ships  the  assaults  of  Vulcan. 

322  ii  ^t  these  glories  the  son  of  Aeacus  was  glad 
of  countenance,  and  likewise  the  other,  for  that, 
when  the  Dardan  fields  were  drenched  with  blood, 
he  victoriously  compassed  Troy  with  the  body  of 
Hector.  Again,  they  chafe  bitterly,  for  that  Paris 
slew  the  one,  and  the  other's  sturdy  valour  fell 
stricken  by  the  Ithacan's  wiles.  From  him  the  seed 
of  Laertes '  keeps  his  countenance  averted  ;  and  now, 
as  victor  over  Strymonian  Rhesus  and  over  Dolon, 
and  now,  as  triumphant  over  Pallas,  rejoices,  then 
again  trembles :  he,  the  dreaded  one,  shudders,  now 
at  the  Cicones,  and  now  at  the  Laestrygonians.  Him 
ravenous  Scylla,  girt  with  her  Molossian  hounds,  and 
the  Cyclops  of  Aetna  affright ;  him  Zanclaean  Cha- 
rybdis,  and  the  dim  lakes  and  foul  Tartarus. 

22^  '•  Here  too  beside  him  sits  the  son  of  Atreus, 
offspring  of  the  race  of  Tantalus,  the  light  of  Greece, 
beneath  whose  rule  Doric  flame  utterly  laid  low 
the  Erichthonian  citadels. ^  The  Greeks,  alas !  paid 
penance  to  thee,  O  Troy,  for  thy  fall — paid  it,  when 
doomed  to  death  in  the  Hellespont's  waves.^  That 
force  bore  witness  in  its  time  to  human  vicissitudes, 
lest  anyone,  enriched  by  his  own  Fortune's  bounty, 
should  mount  exalted  above  the  heavens :  all  glory 
is   shattered   by   Envy's  nigh-awaiting  dart.^      The 

'  Ulysses. 

^  i.e.  Troy,  Erichthoniua  being  son  of  Dardaniis.  Yet  at 
30,  above,  the  same  expression  is  used  of  Athens. 

'  Used  for  the  whole  Aegean.  The  Greeks  were  abip- 
wrecked  off  Euboea. 

*  "  Envy"  here  is  retribution  or  Nemesis. 

S97 


VIRGIL 

vis  Argea  petens  patriam,  ditataque  praeda 

arcis  Erichthoniae  ;  comes  huic  erat  aura  secunda 

per  placidum  cursu  pelagus  ;  Nereis  ad  undas        345 

signa  dabat,  sparsim  flexis  super  acta  carinis  : 

cum  seu  caelesti  fato  seu  sideris  ortu 

undique  mutatur  caeli  nitor,  omnia  ventis, 

omnia  turbinibus  sunt  anxia.     iam  maris  unda 

sideribus  certat  consurgere,  iamque  superne  350 

corripere  et  soles  et  sidera  cuncta  minatur 

ac  ruere  in  terras  caeli  fragor.    hie  modo  laetans 

copia  nunc  miseris  circumdatur  anxia  fatis, 

immoriturque  super  fluctus  et  saxa  Capherei, 

Euboicas  aut  per  cautis  Aegaeaque  late  355 

litora,  cum  Phrygiae  passim  vaga  praeda  peremptae 

omnis  in  aequoreo  fluitat  iam  naufraga  fluctu. 

"  Hie  alii  resident  pariles  virtutis  honore 

heroes,  mediisque  siti  sunt  sedibus,  omnes, 

omnes  Roma  decus  magni  quos  suspicit  orbis.        S60 

hie  Fabii  Deciique,  hie  est  et  Horatia  virtus, 

hie  et  fama  vetus,  numquam  moritura,  Carailli, 

Curtius  et,  mediis  quem  quondam  sedibus  urbis 

devotum  telis  consumpsit  gurges  in  unda, 

Mucins  et,  prudens  ardorem  corpore  passus,  365 

cui  cessit  Lydi  timefacta  potentia  regis. 

hie  Curius  clarae  socius  virtutis  et  ille 

'*'  ab  unda  Paldain :  ab  undis  Housiiian. 
**'  sparsim  flexis  Ellis:  passim  flexis  Housman :  parsim 
flexis  r  :  pars  inflexis  n,  commonly  read. 

*°*  laetans  Ellis:  l(a)etum  :  letam  V  :  laeta  commonly  read. 
'^^  peremptae //,  5em6o ; -ta.      ^^'  naufraga  (-ge)luctu  rT. 
^'•"^  resident  Ellin:  sident  or  sidunt. 
'">  suspicit  HeiTisiiLS  :  suscipit. 
3"  mediis  TV:  medius  SFCL. 

"*   tplis  RU.ix  ■    livRHH   Hnti-rmiin.  •   n.i.ll<>.nR   T-on  ■    lipllia  A 


It  -M  ^-^  U-  #Tf  "  ^'f  €  ^i"   i    ^' 


CULEX 

Argive  power  was  passing  seaward,  seeking  its  home- 
land, and  fattened  with  spoils  from  the  Erichthonian 
citadel.  A  favourable  breeze  attended  it  in  peaceful 
course  upon  the  deep ;  a  Nereid  was  giving  signals 
towards  the  main,  riding,  now  here  and  now  there, 
above  the  curved  keels  :  wlien  lo !  either  by  fate  of 
heaven,  or  through  some  rising  star,  on  all  sides  the 
sky's  brightness  changes ;  all  is  troubled  by  blasts, 
all  by  whirlwinds.  Now  the  sea's  waves  strive  to 
mount  to  the  stars,  and  now  aloft  the  crashing  sky 
threatens  to  seize  all,  both  suns  and  stars,  and  dash 
them  to  earth.  Here  the  host — but  lately  joyous, 
now  afflicted — is  beset  by  unhappy  fates,  and  perishes 
upon  the  floods  and  rx)cks  of  Caphereus,  or  along  the 
Euboean  cliffs  and  broad  Aegean  shores,  while  all 
the  prey  from  plundered  Phrygia,  drifting  far  and 
near,  tossed  in  wreckage  u})on  the  ocean  waves. 

35S  ff  Here  abide  others  like  unto  them  in  valorous 
repute,  all  heroes,  settled  in  the  midt^t  of  these 
abodes,  all  whom  Home  esteems  as  the  glory  of  the 
mighty  world.  Here  are  the  Fabii  and  the  Decii, 
and  here  the  brave  Horatius;  here  Camillus,  whose 
olden  fame  shall  never  die  ;  and  Curtius,  whom  once 
in  the  midst  of  the  city's  homes,  willing  victim  of 
javelins,  the  flood  swallowed  up  in  its  waters  ;  ^  and 
wise  Mucius,  who  in  his  flesh  endured  the  flames, 
and  to  whom  the  might  of  the  Lydian  king  yielded 
in  fear.2     Here   is  Curius,  allied  to  glorious  valour, 

1  A  reference  to  the  Lacus  Curtius  in  the  Roman  Forum, 
into  which  a  youth  named  Curtius  rode  on  his  liorse  at  full 
speed,  then  disappeared. 

^  C.  Mucius,  when  threatened  with  torture  and  death  by 
Porsenna  (called  Lydian  because  he  was  Etruscan),  thrust 
his  right  hand  into  the  altar-flames  and  held  it  there  until  it 


VIRGIL 

Flaminius,  de\  ota  dedit  qui  corpora  flammae, 

(iure  igitur  tales  sedes,  pietatis  honores), 
Scipiadaeque  duces,  quorum  devota  triumphis       370 
moenia  Romanis  Libjcae  Karthaginis  horrent. 

"  Illi  laude  sua  vigeant :  ego  Ditis  opacos 
cogor  adire  lacus,  viduos,  a,  lumine  Phoebi, 
et  vastum  Phlegethonta  patijquo,  maxime  Minos, 
conscelerata  pia  discernis  vincula  sede.  375 

ergo  iam  causam  mortis^  iam  dicere  vitae 
verberibus  saevae  cogunt  sub  iudice  Poenae, 
cum  mihi  tu  sis  causa  mali,  nee  conscius  adsis ; 
sed  tolerabilibus  curis  haec  immemor  audis 
et  tamen  ut  vades,  dimittes  omnia  ventis.  380 

digredior  numquam  rediturus  :  tu  cole  fontem 
et  viridis  nemorum  silvas  et  pascua  laetus ; 
et  mea  diffusas  rapiantur  dicta  per  auras." 
dixit  et  extrema  tristis  cum  voce  recessit. 

Hunc  ubi  sollicitum  dimisit  inertia  vitae,  385 

interius  graviter  regementem,  nee  tulit  ultra 
sensibus  infusum  Culicis  de  morte  dolorem, 
quantumcumque  sibi  vires  tribuere  seniles 
(quis  tamen  infestum  pugnans  de\icerat  hostem), 
ri\'um  propter  aquae  \iridi  sub  fronde  latentem     390 
conformare  locum  capit  impiger.    hunc  et  in  orbem 

'*8  Flaiu(m)imu8  has  perTiaps  supplanted  Caecilius,  read 
hi/  Loen-iig. 

~~^  romanis  VV:  raDidis  SFCL:  vepretia  Haupt :  sub 
lappis  Ellis. 

^"*  maxinie  Xodell:  maxima.       '"  discernit. 

*'*  ergo  qnam  .  .  .  iam  n :  iam  .  .  .  iam  Heyne :  quom  .  .  . 
tuni  £Ww. 

*''  tolerabilias  cures.  Ellis.    &ViA\s^.  Ellis. 

'*"  et  tamen  ut  vadis  Cl:  et  mane  ut  vades  Uaener:  ut 
tamen  audieris  Ellis :  et  temere,  ut  vades,  dimittes  somnia 
ventis  Bu-sche. 

"^  fontem  T  :  fontes  (is\ 

»"  Scaliger  pl4xced  a/ler  380.     et  a :  at  Heyne. 
400 


CULEX 

and  ^eat  Flaminius/  wlio  gave  his  body  a  victim  to 
the  flame  (justly  then  hath  he  such  an  abodcj  piety's 
reward)  and  those  Scipio  cliiefs,  doomed  by  whose 
Roman  triumphs  the  walls  of  Libyan  Carthage  are 
become  a  desolation. 

s'^^  "  Let  them  live  in  their  renown :  but  I  am 
forced  to  pass  to  those  shadowy  pools  of  Dis,  that 
are,  alas !  bereft  of  the  light  of  Phoebus,  and  to 
suffer  waste  Phlegethon,  whereby,  O  mighty  Minos, 
thou  partest  the  prison-house  of  the  wicked  from 
the  abode  of  the  righteous  I  So  before  the  judge 
the  cruel  Fiends  with  scourges  force  me  to  plead 
my  cause,  now  of  death,  and  now  of  life,^  though 
thou  art  cause  of  my  ill,  and  aidest  not  with  thy 
witness,  but  with  lightl}-  borne  cares  hearest  these 
my  words,  unmindful,  and  despite  of  all,  when  thou 
goest  thy  way,  thou  wilt  dismiss  all  to  the  winds.  I 
pass  hence,  never  to  return ;  do  thou,  rejoicing, 
haunt  the  spring,  and  green  forest-groves,  and  pas- 
tures;  and  for  my  words,  let  them  be  swept  aside 
by  the  random  breezes  !  "  He  spake,  and  with  the 
last  accents  sadly  went  his  way. 

2^^  Now  when  life's  langour  quitted  that  anxious 
shepherd,  from  whose  breast  heavy  sighs  resounded, 
and  when  no  more  could  he  brook  the  sorrow  for  the 
Gnat's  death  that  flooded  his  senses,  then  in  so  far 
as  his  aged  strength  suffered  him — wherewith,  none 
the  less,  he  had  fought  and  vanquished  his  fierce  foe — 
hard  by  the  running  stream  that  lurked  beneath  green 
leafage,  he  busily  begins  to  fashion  a  place,  marking 

*  If  the  reading  is  correct,  this  is  some  person  unknown. 
If  "Caecilius"  should  be  read,  the  reference  would  be  to 
Caecilius  Metellus,  who  once  rescued  the  Palladium  from  the 
burning  temple  of  Vesta,  and  thereby  lost  his  eyes. 

*  Tlie  issue  is  one  of  eternal  weal  or  woe. 

401 


VIRGIL 

destinat  ac  ferri  capulum  repetivit  in  nsum, 

gramineam  viridi  ut  foderet  de  caespite  terrain, 
iam  memor  inceptum  peragens  sibi  cura  laborem 
congestum  cuinulavit  opus,  atque  aggere  multo     395 
telluris  tumulus  fonnatuni  crevit  in  orbem. 
quern  circum  lapidem  levi  de  manaore  formans 
consent ;  assiduae  curae  memor.     hie  et  acantbos 
et  rosa  purpureum  crescent  pudibiinda  ruborem 
et  violae  omne  genus ;  hie  est  et  Spartica  myrtus  iOO 
atque  hvacinthos  et  hie  Cilici  crocus  editus  ano, 
iaurus  item  Phoebi  surgens  decus  ;  hie  rhododaphne 
Uliaque  et  roris  non  avia  cura  marini 
herbaque  turis  opes  priscis  imitata  Sabina 
chrvsanthusque  hederaeque  nitor  pallente  corrmbo, 
et  bocchus  Librae  reiiis  memor.     hie  amarantus    406 
bumastusque  %-irens  et  semper  florida  tinus. 
non  illinc  Narcissus  abest,  cui  gloria  formae 
igne  Cupidineo  proprios  exarsit  in  artus  ; 
et  quoscimique  novant  vernantia  tempora  flores,    410 
his  tiimulus  super  inseritur.     turn  fronte  locator 
elogium,  tacita  format  quod  littera  voce  : 
"par%e  Culex.  pecudum  custos  tibi  tale  merenti 
funeris  officium  ^itae  pro  munere  reddit." 

*-^  nibicunda  FCL:  nibibimda  B.  ruborem  TV:  terrorem 
L :  tenorem  PUsent. 

*^'  parthica  V :  pastica  r 

*"*  decus  surgens  C  :  decus  ut  sua  pagina  V:  urgens  VoU- 
mer :  ingens  Hou-sman.  *^*  Sabinas  F, 

*•"  pinus  O :  tiuus  SaJma-tiu*.      *'=  cui]  qui  Leo. 

♦"  hie  r.  *i*  finnat  VvC :  firma  L. 


402 


CULEX 

it  in  circular  form,  and  oft  turning  to  service  his 
iron  spade,  to  dig  up  grassy  sods  from  the  green  turf 
And  now  his  mindful  care,  pursuing  the  toil  begun, 
heaped  up  a  towering  work,  and  with  broad  rampart 
the  earthy  mound  grew  into  the  circle  he  had  traced. 
Round  about  this,  mindful  of  constant  care,  he  sets 
stones,  fashioned  from  polished  marble. 

^'■'^  Here  are  to  grow  acanthus  and  the  blushing 
rose  with  crimson  bloom,  and  violets  of  every  kind. 
Here  are  Spartan  myrtle  and  hyacinth,  and  here 
saffron,  sjjrung  from  Cilician  fields,  and  soaring  laurel, 
the  glory  of  Phoebus.  Here  are  oleander,  and 
lilies,  and  rosemary,  tended  in  familiar  haunts,  and 
the  Sabine  plant,^  which  for  men  of  old  feigned  rich 
frankincense  ;  and  marigold,  and  glistening  ivy,  with 
pale  clusters,  and  bocchus,  mindful  of  Libya's  king.^ 
Here  are  amaranth,  blooming  bumastus,^  and  ever- 
flowering  laurustine.  Yonder  fails  not  the  Narcissus, 
whose  noble  beauty  kindled  with  Love's  flame  for 
his  own^  limbs;  and  what  flowers  soever  the 
spring  seasons  renew,  with  these  the  mound  is  strewn 
above.  Then  upon  its  face  is  placed  an  epitaph, 
which  letters  thus  fashion  with  silent  voice  :  "  Little 
Gnat,  to  thee,  so  well  deserving,  the  guardian  of  the 
flocks  pays  this  service  of  death  in  return  for  the 
boon  of  life." 

^  Tlie  savin,  jtiniperris  sabiua. 

'  This  unknown  plant  was  named  from  Bocchus,  a  king  of 
Mauretauia,  probablj'  the  father-in-law  of  Jugiirtha,  tliough 
perhaps  a  later  king  of  the  same  name. 

'  cf.  Georgics,  ii.  102. 

■*  The  youth  Narcissus,  falling  in  love  with  his  own  image, 
as  reflected  in  a  fountain,  pined  away  and  was  changed  into 
the  flower  that  bears  his  name. 


40S 
D  D  2 


CIRTS* 

Etsi  me.  rario  iactatom  landis  amore 
irritaque  exptertam  &llacis  praemia  Totgi, 
Cecropias  saaris  exspirans  hortnlas  anias 
florentis  viridi  sopbiae  complectitur  iiiiil»3, 
ot  mens  caret  eo  dignmn  afai  qnaerere  carmen  5 

longe  aliad  stndicm  atqae  alios  accincta  labores 
(altios  ad  magni  sospexit  sidera  mnndi 
et  placitnm  pancis  ansa  est  ascendere  collein)  : 
non  tamen  absistam  coeptam  detexere  mnniiSj 
in  qao  icre  meas  ntinam  requiescere  Mosas  10 

et  leriter  blandam  liceat  deponerc  amorem. 
Quod  si  miri5ciun  genos  o  Mes<sala  .  .  .> 
(mirificam  sed  eniin,  modo  sit  tibi  Telle  libido), 
si  me  iam  somma  Sapientia  pangeret  arce, 

*  rario]  raao  HauamM.  *  anxas]  hoias  A^. 

s  at  mais  BSehder  :  tam  iDea(ea)  or  tn  mea.  caret  Leo  : 
qtnni,  ^ekder:  nes  mens  qnirit  N^Smteliy. 

*  SBspexit  Sduvder:  siBpasdit :  gn^appwai  J,, 
**  iure]  lite  Sekrader:  nore  Haumma. 

**  aunoren  It^  luutaa. 

^  Tkma  VMmer,  hrf  thepaaagt  ia  atrrmpi,  tie  dme  of  Out 
wenebeimglotftamdperkagpBamatika-rarxaswi^.  3f«?<:als 
parentiiBi>  £eo.-  genos  ammr^  3fSS. 

»  sed  tmm]  Tsleri  iTdwr&y. 


*  Tlie  MSS.  cited  urc  B  =  Bmxdei^s  10675-«  el  the 
12di  eeD&iiry,  eontainfng  howerer  onlj  IL  45iSil ;  Exc  (for 
vkidi  see  iafandoeUxy  Bote  to  tbe  Cmlex^  :  and  Z.  desLzn^t- 

404 


CIRIS 

Tossed  though  I  am,  this  way  and  tliat,  by  love  of 
renown,  and  knowing  full  well  that  the  fickle  throng's 
rewards  are  vain  ;  though  the  Attic  garden,^  breath- 
ing forth  sweet  fragrance,  enwraps  me  in  fine- 
rtowering  Wisdom's  verdant  shade,  so  that  my  mind 
is  fain  to  go  in  quest  of  a  song  worthy  thereof,  pre- 
pared though  she  is  for  far  different  tasks  and  far 
different  toils  — she  has  looked  aloft  to  the  stars  of 
the  mighty  firmament,  and  has  dai'ed  to  climb  the 
hill  2  that  has  found  favour  with  few- yet  I  will  not 
cease  to  fulfil  the  task  I  have  begun,  wherein  I  pray 
that  my  Muses  may  find  their  due  repose,  and 
lightly  lay  aside  that  seductive  love. 

^2  But  if,  O  Messalla,  thou  <bearest  with>  a  task 
so  wondrous  in  kind — wondrous  indeed,  if  only  thy 
fancy  favour  it — if  Wisdom,  exalted  partner  of  those 
four  heirs  of  olden  days,-^  now  planted  me  on  her 

'  Referring  to  the  garden  in  Alliens,  where  Epicurus  used 
to  teach. 

*  The  hill  of  wisdom,  or  philosophy. 

'  The  four  philosophers — Plato,  Aristotle,  Zeno,  and 
Epicurus. 

//  =  Helmstadiensia  332,  of  the  15th  century ;  L  =  Vatica 
nus  3255,  written  by  Pomponius  Laetus  ;  A  =  Arundelianus 
133  and  R  =  Rehdigeranus  125,  both  of  the  loth  century. 
Ellis  also  cites  U  =  Urbinas  353  of  the  Vatican  Library,  a 
late  15th  century  MS.  To  the  articles  cited  on  p.  368  should 
be  added  Ellis,  "  New  Suggestions  on  the  Ciris,"  in  American 
Journal  of  Philology,  xv.  (1894) ;  Skutsch,  aus  Vergils 
Friihzeit. 

405 


VIRGIL 

quattnor  antjqais  heredibus  edita  consors,  1 5 

unde  hominnrn  errores  longe  lateque  per  orbem 

despicere  atque  hamilis  possem  contemnere  curas ; 

non  ego  te  talem  Tcnerarer  mtmere  tali. 

non  eqaideiDj  quamvis  interdum  ludere  nobis 

et  gracilem  molli  libeat  pede  clacdere  versum  ;       20 

sed  ma^o  iBteiens,  si  fas  est  dicere,  peplo, 

qaalis  Erecbtheis  olim  portatur  Athenis, 

debita  cum  castae  solnmtur  rota  Miuervae 

tardaque  confecto  redeunt  quinquennia  lustro, 

cnm  levis  altemo  Zephvras  concrebruit  Euro  25 

et  prono  gravidum  provexit  pondere  cumun. 

felix  ilia  dies,  fells  et  dicitnr  annus, 

felices.  qni  talem  annnm  videre  diemque. 

ergo  Palladiae  texontiir  in  online  pugnae, 

magna  Giganteis  oinaiitar  pepla  tropaeis^  30 

iKHTida  sangnineo  jHngimtar  proelia  cocco. 

additur  aorata  deiectas  cuspide  Typbon, 

qui  prins,  Ossaeis  conscecdens  aetbera  saxis. 

Kmathin  celsum  duplical»t  vertice  OlTmpum. 

Tale  deae  velum  sollemni  tempyore  portant ;         S5 
tali  te  rellenij  iurenum  doctissime,  ritu 
porporeos  inter  soles  et  Candida  lunae 
sidera,  caemleis  orbem  palsantia  bigis, 

^^  editA  .Boe&reiu :  est  data.        *'  possim:  possum  H^L. 

=»  quale  H*.  »  concrdait  HA. 

»  cnrmm  Btr^ :  cnrsmiL.  "  iDe  BL. 

SI  suigidiiea  p.  pt  Gotf;o  Baekrau. 

**  ooiBSoendeos  Kraatats  casa^eraGas. 

**  dwptiearat,  Baehrems.  **  Telim  AB. 

*  Hie  poem  with  which  the  «Titer  would  like  to  hoDonr 
his  patron  is  compared  to  the  peplog,  lidily  embroidered 
406 


CIRIS 

topmost  citadel,  whence,  o'er  the  world  far  and 
wide,  I  could  look  down  upon  the  errors  of  men, 
and  despise  their  lowly  cares,  thee  I  should  not  be 
honourinjr,  great  as  thou  art,  with  gift  so  slight — no 
verily,  albeit  at  times  we  may  be  pleased  to  trifle, 
and  to  round  a  slender  verse  with  smooth-running 
feet ;  but  I  should  weave  a  story  into  an  ample 
robe,^  if  thus  to  speak  be  lawful,  such  as  is  borne  in 
Erechthean  Athens,  what  time  due  vows  are  paid 
to  chaste  Minerva,  and  the  fifth-year  feast  slowly 
returns  at  the  lustre's  close,  when  the  gentle  West- 
v.'ind  waxes  strong  against  his  rival  of  the  East,  and 
bears  onward  the  car,  heavy  with  its  o'erhanging 
weight.  Happy  that  day  is  called,  happy  that  year, 
and  happy  are  they  who  have  looked  upon  such  a 
year  and  such  a  day  !  Thus  in  due  order  are  in- 
woven the  battles  of  Pallas  :  the  great  robes  are 
adorned  with  the  trophies  of  Giants,  and  grim  com- 
bats are  depicted  in  blood  red  scarlet.  There  is 
added  he,  v.'ho  was  hurled  down  by  the  golden  spear 
— Typhon,  who  aforetime,  when  mounting  into 
heaven  on  the  rocks  of  Ossa,  essayed  to  double  the 
height  of  Olympus  by  pilin-g  thereon  the  Emathian 
mount.2 

3^  Such  is  the  goddess'  sail,  borne  at  the  solemn 
season,  and  on  such  wise,  most  learned  youth,  would 
I  fain  enweave  thee,  amid  roseate  suns,  and  the 
moon's  white  star,  that  makes  heaven  throb  with  her 

with  figures  (c/.  29  seq.)  which  was  offered  to  Athena  at  the 
great  Panathenaic  festival.  This  was  solemnized  every  five 
years  in  the  month  of  Hecatombaeon,  the  first  month  of  the 
Attic  year.  The  peplos,  outstretched  like  a  sail,  was  carried 
to  the  temple  on  a  ship  (here  called  currus)  which  was 
drawn  tlirough  the  streets  of  Athens  on  rollers. 

'  Pelion,  a  mountain  of  Thessaly,  which  Emathia  here 
represents ;  c/.  Georgics,  i.  281  ff. 

407 


VIRGIL 

natxirae  renim  magais  intexere  chartis  ; 

aetemum  ut  sophiae  coniimctum  carmine  nomen     40 

nostra  tuum  senibus  loqueretur  pagina  saeclis. 

Sed  quoniam  ad  tantas  nunc  primum  nascimur  artes 
nunc  primum  teneros  firmamus  robore  nervos, 
haec  tamen  interea,  quae  possumus,  in  quibus  aevi 
prima  rudiments  et  iuvenes  exegimus  annos,  45 

accipe  dona  meo  multum  vigilata  labore 
promissa  atque  diu  iam  tandem  <reddita  Tota> 
unpia  prodigiis  ut  quondam  exterrita  amoris 
Scylla  novos  avium  sublimis  in  aere  coetus 
viderit  et  tenui  cooscendens  aethera  pinna  50 

caeruleis  sua  tecta  supenolitaverit  alis, 
hanc  pro  purpureo  poenam  scelerata  capillo, 
pro  patris  solvens  excisa  et  funditus  urbe. 

Complures  Olam  et  magni,  Messaila^  poetae 
(nam  verum  fateamur  :  amat  Polvh  vmnia  Terum)      55 
longe  alia  perhibent  mutatam  membra  figura 
Scvllaeum  monstro  saxum  infestasse  voraci ; 
illam  esse,  aerumnis  quam  saepe  legaiaus  Ulixi, 
Candida  succinctam  latraatibus  inguina  monstrls, 
Dulichias  vexasse  rates  et  ^urgite  in  alto  60 

deprensos  nautas  canibus  lacerasse  marinis, 
sed  neque  Maeoniae  patiuntur  credere  chartae 
nee  malus  istorum  dubiis  erroribus  auctor. 
namque  alias  alii  volgo  finxere  puellas, 

*•  altemo  Htiruius.     ut  omittid. 

•'  reddita  vota  conjtr'.u-rtd  by  L*o.    In  LA'  '.he  rtrst  runs . 
et  promissa  tuis  non  magna  exordia  rebus. 

*'  amoris  Scaligtr:  miris  Hti'isiug:  mollis  EllU:  amplis. 

*'  prof  hi  Siili'j,  VoU.mer.     patria  Haupi. 

^'  ^o  Hauft.    Qoastra  saxosom  infectata  vocavi  A  :  Tocari 
HL. 
408 


CIRIS 

celestial  chariot,^  into  a  great  poem  on  Nature^  so 
that  unto  late  ages  our  page  might  speak  thy  name, 
linked  in  song  with  Wisdom's  theme. 

*2  But  seeing  that  now  for  the  first  time  our 
infant  efforts  are  turned  to  such  high  arts,^  since 
now  first  we  are  making  strong  our  youthful  sinews, 
this  theme,  nevertheless — 'tis  all  we  can  offer- 
whereon  we  have  spent  life's  earliest  schooling,  and 
the  years  of  our  youth — do  thou  meanwhile  accept, 
a  gift  wrought  by  me  with  many  a  toilsome  vigil, 
a  vow  long  promised  and  now  at  last  fulfilled. 
'Tis  the  story  of  how,  once  upon  a  time,  unfilial 
Scylla,  frenzied  by  love's  portents,  saw  in  the  sky 
aloft  strange  gatherings  of  birds,  and,  mounting  the 
heaven  on  slender  pinion,  hovered  on  azure  wings 
above  her  home,  paying  this  penalty,  accursed  one, 
for  the  crimson  lock,  and  for  the  utter  uprooting  of 
her  father's  city. 

^*  Many  great  poets  tell  us,  Messalla  (for  let  us 
confess  the  truth :  'tis  truth  Polyhymnia  loves)  that 
shcj  with  limbs  changed  to  far  different  form, 
haunted  the  rock  of  Scylla  with  her  voracious  bulk. 
She  it  is,  they  say,  of  whom  we  read  in  the  toils  of 
CJlysses,  how  that,  with  howling  monsters  girt  about 
her  white  waist,  she  often  harried  the  Ithacan 
barques  and  in  the  swirling  depths  tore  asunder 
with  her  sea-dogs  the  sailors  she  had  clutched.^ 
But  neither  do  Homer's  pages*  suffer  us  to  credit 
this  tale  nor  does  he  who  is  the  pernicious  source  ^ 
of  those  poets'  sundry  mistakes.  For  various  writers 
have    commonly    feigned    various    maidens    as    the 

'  c/.  Aen.  X.  216.  ^  Viz.  Epicurean  philosoph}'. 

^  cf.  Eclogues,  vi.  74  ff.         *  i.e.  in  Odyssey,  xir. 

*  Who  this  is,  is  unknown.  So  Curcio.  Benoist  follows 
Sillig  in  rendering  "  the  cause  of  the  perilous  wanderings  of 
those  mariners"  (Ulysses  and  hia  crew),  i.e.  Neptune. 

409 


VIRGIL 

quae  Colophoniaco  Scyllae  dicantur  Homero.  65 

ipse  Crataein  ait  matrem  ;  sed  sive  Crataeis, 
sive  illam  monstro  generavit  Echidna  biformi, 
sive  est  neutra  parens  atque  hoc  in  camiine  toto 
inguinis  est  vitium  et  Veneris  descripta  libido ; 
sive  etiam  iactis  speciem  mutata  venenis  70 

infelix  virgo  (quid  enim  commiserat  ilia  ? 
ipse  pater  tiniidani  saeva  complexus  harena 
coniugium  castae  violaverat  .^mphitrites)  73 

horribilis  circum  vidit  se  sistere  formas,  80 

heu  quotiens  mirata  novos  expalluit  artus,  81 

ipsa  suos  quotiens  heu  pertimuit  latratus  .'  82 

at  tamen  exegit  longo  post  tempore  poenas,  74 

ut  cum  cura  suae  veheretur  coniugis  alto,  75 

ipsa  trucem  multo  misceret  sanguine  pontum  ; 
seu  vero,  ut  perhibent,  forma  cum  vinceret  oninis 
et  cupidos  quaestu  passim  popularet  amantes, 
piscibus  et  canibusque  malis  vallata  repente  est       79 
ausa  quod  est  mulier  numen  fraudare  deorum  83 

et  dictam  \'enen  voto  intervertere  poenam, 
quam  mala  multiplici  iuvenum  consaepta  caterva       85 
dixerat  atque  animo  meretrix  iactata  ferarum, 
infamem  tali  merito  rumore  fuisse, 
docta  Palaepaphiae  testatur  voce  Pachvnus. 

*'  dicuntur  AR. 

^®  ait  Fleyne:  ei  Sillig.     Crataeis]  erithei :  Hecateis  ^//j'j. 

*'  generavit  Echidna  Hovsinan :  genuit  gravena. 

'°  iactis]  exactis  LA^. 

"*  saeva]  sola  Ruardi:  sicca  Haupt. 

73-83  transpositions  due  to  Riitzenstcin. 

•*  suae]  tuae :  8ui  Loensis.     VoUmtr   conjectures   ut   cum 
curvatae. 

'•  et]  heu  Schioabe :   en    Leo :  haeo   Ellis.     Leo  arranges 
thus:  78,  S3,  S4,  79,  80. 

**  voto  intervertere  Sillig  :  votorum  vertere. 

**  consaepta  Sillig :  quod  saepta. 

**  vixit  eratque  Hanpt. 

*"  merito  rumore  Loensis  :  meritorum  more. 

**  Palaephatia  .  .  .  papyrus  Aldine  edition  1517. 
410 


CIRTS 

Scyllas  named  by  Colophon's  Homer.  He  him- 
self says '  that  Crataeis  was  her  mother ;  but 
whether  Crataeis  or  Echidna  bare  that  twy-formed 
monster ;  or  whether  neither  was  her  mother,  and 
throughout  the  poem  she  but  portrays  the  sin  of 
lustfulness  and  love's  incontinence,^  or  whether, 
transformed  tlirough  scattered  poisons,  the  luckless 
maiden  (luckless,  I  say,  for  of  what  wrong  had  she 
been  guilty  ?  Father  Neptume  himself  had  em- 
braced the  frightened  maid  on  the  lonely  strand, 
and  broken  his  conjugal  vow  to  chaste  Amphitrite) 
beheld  awful  shapes  plant  themselves  about  her : 
— how  often,  alas  !  did  she  marvel  and  grow  pale  at 
her  strange  limbs  I  how  often,  alas !  did  she  turn  in 
terror  from  her  own  baying !  but  still  long  after- 
wards she  exacted  penalty,  for  when  the  delight  of 
his  consort  was  riding  upon  the  deep,  she  herself 
confounded  the  savage  sea  with  much  blood  ^ — or 
whether,  as  'tis  said,  seeing  that  she  excelled  all 
women  in  beauty,  and  in  avarice  made  wanton 
havoc  of  her  eager  lovers,  she  of  a  sudden  became 
fenced  about  witli  fell  fishes  and  dogs,  for  that  she, 
a  woman,  dared  to  defraud  the  powers  divine,  and  to 
withliold  from  Venus  the  vow-appointed  price,  even 
the  payment  which  a  base  harlot,  encompassed  by  a 
thronging  crowd  of  youths,  and  stirred  with  a  wild 
and  savage  spirit,  had  imposed  upon  her  lovers — 
that  by  this  report  she  was  with  reason  defamed, 
Pachynus  has  learned  and  so  bears  witness,  speaking 
by  the  lips  of  Venus,  queen  of  Old  Paphos  *  : — what- 

*  Odyssti/,  XII.  125. 

-  The  assumption  being  that  the  description  of  Scylla  ia 
allegorical. 

'  This  probably  refers  to  ihe  transformation  of  Scylla. 
The  cttra  is  Neptune,  husbanrl  of  Amphitrite. 

*  There  seems  to  have  been  an  inscription  about  Scylla  in 
the  temple  of  Venus  at  Pachynus. 

411 


VIRGIL 

quidquid  et  at  quisque  est  tali  de  clade  locl!^as, 
somnia  sunt :  potius  liceat  notescere  Cirin  90 

atque  unam  ei  multis  Scvllam  non  esse  puellis. 

Quare  quae  cantas  meditanti  mittere  caecos 
magna  mihi  cupido  tribuistis  praemia.  divae 
PierideSj  quarum  castos  altaria  postis 
munere  saepe  meo  inficiont,  foribusque  hvacinthi     95 
deponunt  floras  aut  suave  rubens  narcissus 
aut  crocus  alterna  coniungens  lilia  caltlia 
sparsaque  liminibus  floret  rosa.  nunc  age,  divae, 
praecipue  nostro  nunc  aspirate  labori 
atque  no\*um  aetemo  praetexite  honore  volumen.   100 

Sunt  Paiidioniis  vicinae  sedibus  urbes 
Actaeos  inter  coUes  et  Candida  Thesei 
purpureis  late  ridentia  litora  conchis, 
quarum  non  uUi  fama  concedere  digna 
stat  Megara,  Alcathoi  quondam  munita  labore,      105 
Alcathoi  Phoebique  :  deus  namque  admit  illi ; 
unde  etiam  citharae  voces  imitatus  acutas 
saepe  lapis  recrepat  CvUenia  murmura  pulsus 
et  veterem  sonitu  Phoebi  testa^ar  amorem. 
banc  urbem,  ante  alios  qui  turn  florebat  in  amiis,   1 10 
fecerat  infestam  populator  remige  Minos, 
hospitio  quod  se  Nisi  Polvidos  avito 

••  somnia  sunt  Htinsixu :  omnia  sunt  iam  Nisi  L^o. 

^-  caecos]  certos  L. 

'*  aluaria  "hives"  Unger:  alabastria  Bergk :  calparia 
Haupt:  aliparia  TTin^on.         **  floribusqne  ^i?. 

^•'  Alcathoi  Ribbtch:  Aethei :  Argei  Hdngiui.  munita 
Aldine  1517  :  mutata. 

!•«  decua.  "'  imitantnr  HLA. 

*••  munera  HA.  "'  honorem  HL. 

»1»  tunc  AH. 


CIRIS 

soever  and  howsoever  each  has  spoken  of  such  dis- 
astrous state,  'tis  all  dreams  :  rather  let  tlie  Ciris 
become  known,  and  not  a  Scylla  who  was  but  one  of 
many  maidens.^ 

^2  Therefore,  ye  divine  Muses,  who,  when  I  essayed 
to  put  forth  my  abstruse  songs,  granted  me  the  high 
rewards  I  craved— ye,  whose  pure  columns  not 
seldom  are  stained  by  the  altar-offerings  that  I  bring; 
at  whose  temple-doors  the  hyacinths  yield  their 
bloom,  or  the  sweet  blushing  narcissus,  or  the  crocus 
and  lilies,  blended  with  alternate  marigolds,  and  on 
whose  threshold  are  scattered  blooming  roses — now 
come,  ye  goddesses,  now  breathe  a  special  grace 
upon  this  toil,  and  crown  this  fresh  scroll  with  glory 
immortal  ! 

^^^  Near  to  the  home  of  Pandion^  lie  cities  between 
the  Attic  hills  and  Theseus'  gleaming  shores,  smiling 
from  afar  with  their  roseate  shells;^  and,  worthy  to 
yield  to  none  of  these  in  repute,  stands  Megara, 
whose  walls  were  reared  by  the  toil  of  Alcathous — 
by  the  toil  of  Alcathous  and  Phoebus,  for  him  the 
god  aided ;  whence  too  the  stones,  imitating  the 
lyre's  shrill  notes,  often,  when  smitten,  re-echo 
Cyllene's  murmurs,*  and  in  their  sound  attest  the 
ancient  love  of  Phoebus.  This  city  the  prince  who 
in  those  days  was  eminent  above  others  in  arms, 
even  Minos,  had  ravaged  and  laid  waste  with  his 
Heet,  because  Polyidos,^  fleeing  from  the  Carpathian 

^  The  subject,  then,  is  to  be  that  Scylla  who  was  trans- 
formed into  the  sea-fowl,  called  Ciris.         ''  Athens. 

*  This  is  the  Megarid,  which  abounds  in  white  marble, 
interspersed  with  shells.  Here  Theseus  founded  the  Isthmian 
games. 

•*  i.e.  the  music  of  the  lyro.  Mercury,  its  inventor,  was 
born  on  Cyllene  ;  c/.  Aeii.  viii.  139. 

^  The  priest  who  was  said  to  have  once  restored  Glaucus, 
But;  of  Minos,  to  life. 

413 


VIRGIL 

Carpatliium  fugiens  et  flumina  Caeratea 
texerat.     hunc  bello  repetens  Gortynius  heros 
Attica  Cretaea  sternebat  rura  sagitta.  115 

sed  neque  turn  cives  neque  turn  rex  ipse  veretur 
infesto  ad  muros  volitantis  agmine  turmas 
icere  et  indomitas  virtute  retundere  mentes, 
responsum  quoniam  satis  est  meminisse  deorum. 
nam  capite  a  summo  regis  (mirabile  dictu)  120 

Candida  caesaries  (florebant  tempora  lauro), 
et  roseus  medio  surgebat  vertice  crinis  : 
cuius  quam  servata  diu  natura  fuisset, 
tam  patriam  incolumem  Nisi  regnumque  futurum 
Concordes  stabili  firmarant  numine  Parcae.  125 

ergo  omnis  cano  residebat  cura  capillo, 
aurea  sollemni  comptum  quern  fibula  ritu 
crobylus  et  tereti  nectebant  dente  cicauae. 
Nee  vero  haec  urbis  custodia  vana  fuisset 
(nee  fuerat),  ni  Scylla  novo  correpta  furore,  130 

Scylla,  patris  miseri  patriaeque  inventa  sepulchrum, 
o  nimium  cupidis  Minon  inhiasset  ocellis. 
sed  malus  ille  puer,  quem  nee  sua  fiectere  mater 
iratum  potuit,  quem  nee  pater  atque  avus  idem 
luppiter  (ille  etiam  Poenos  doniitare  leones  135 

et  validas  docuit  viris  mansuescere  tigris, 

*i*  turn — turn  Baupt:  tunc — tunc. 

^**  icere  Ellis:  dicere  HA^R  :  ducere  A^L :  deicere  Voll- 
mer :  vciQcre  Htinsius.         ^**  cano:  c&vo  Aldine  Isll . 

^**  crobj-lus  et  Loensis  :  corpsel(la)e  or  corselle  :  Cecropiae 
et  Scaligtr :  morsilis  et  Ellis. 

^2^  urbis  Heinsius :  vobis.  *'"  ruerat  RiblecL 

13«  Minon  Bii'heler:  ^linoa  Lachmann :  ei  non. 

136  rabidas  Heynt. 
414 


CIRIS 

sea  and  the  streams  of  Caeratus,  had  taken  shelter 
in  the  ancestral  home  of  Nisus.  Seeking  to  win 
him  back  in  war,  the  Gort3'nian  hero  ^  was  strewing 
the  Attic  land  with  Cretan  arrows.  But  neither  in 
that  hour  do  the  citizens,  nor  in  that  hour  does  the 
king  himself,  fear  to  strike  down  the  troops  that 
flock  in  hostile  band  to  tiie  walls,  or  valorously  to 
blunt  the  spirit  of  the  unconquered  foe,  since  it  is 
enough  to  remember  the  answer  of  the  gods.  For 
surmounting  the  king's  head  (wondrous  to  tell)  up 
rose  white  hair  (the  temples  were  decked  with 
laurel),  and  midway  on  its  crown  was  a  roseate  lock. 
As  long  as  this  preserved  its  nature,  so  long  had  the 
Fates,  voicing  in  unison  their  fixed  will,^  given 
assurance  that  Nisus'  country  and  kingdom  would 
be  secure.  Thus  all  their  care  was  centred  in  that 
hoary  hair,  which,  adorned  in  wonted  fashion,  a 
golden  buckle  and  close  roll  bound  with  a  cicada's 
shapely  clasp.^ 

129  j^^Qj.  truly  would  this  defence  of  the  city  have 
been  vain  (nor  had  it  been)  were  it  not  that  Scylla, 
swept  away  by  fresh  madness — Scylla,  who  proved  to 
be  the  ruin  of  her  hapless  father  and  her  fatherland — 
gaped*  and  gazed  upon  Minos,  ah  !  with  too  passionate 
eyes.  But  that  mischievous  boy,  whom,  when  an- 
gered, neither  his  mother  could  sway,  nor  he,  who 
was  at  once  father  and  father's  father,  even  Jupiter^ 
(he  even  quelled  Punic  lions,  and  taught  the  stout 
strength  of  tigers  to  soften  ;  he  even  taught   gods 

1  cf.  Eclogues,  vi.  60.         ^*  c/.  Edor/nes,  iv.  47. 

*  Thucydides  (i.  6)  tells  us  that  the  old  Athenians  used  to 
wear  the  hair  on  the  top  of  tlie  head  in  a  knot,  and  secured 
with  a  pin  shaped  like  a  cicada. 

■*  cf.  Lucr.  I.  36,  and  Munro  ad  locum. 

•  Venus,  daughter  of  Jupiter,  was  by  Jupiter  mother  of 
Cupid. 

415 


VIRGIL 

ille  etiam  divos,  homines — sed  dicere  tnagnum  est)k, 

idem  turn  tzistis  acaebat  pamiliis  iras 

loDonis  magnae,  coins  (perinria  dirae 

olim,  sed  meminere  din)  periara  poella  140 

nm  alH  liotam  Tiolaverat  inscia  sedaoo, 

dam  sacris  c^ierata  deae  lascirit  et  extra 

[MTOcedit  ItMige  matnun  comitiiniqiie  catervam, 

sospenam  gaudens  in  coiporc  lodere  restem 

et  tnmidos  agitante  sines  AqnUone  relaxans.  1 43 

neodam  etiam  castas  gnstarerat  ignis  hontHies, 

necdnm  sollanni  Ijmpha  perfbsa  sacerdos 

paDentis  fcdiis  capot  esomaiat  olirae. 

com  lapsa  e  manibns  fugit  pila,  cumqne  relapsa  est. 

procnrrit  Tirgo.     qnod  nti  ne  prodita  lado  150 

anratam  gTadli  solTisses  corpore  paUam ! 

omnia  qoae  retinere  gradom  coisosque  morari 

possent,  o  tecum  TeDem  tn  semper  haberes  I 

nan  nmqcam  ri<data  mann  sacraiia  divae 

ioiando,  infelii.  nequiqoam  inre  piasses.  155 

etsi  qois  noodsse  tibi  perinria  credat  ? 

cansa  |Ha  est :  timnit  natri  te  ostendere  luncx 

at  leris  iUe  dens,  coi  semper  ad  nlcisceDdiim 

quaeritnr  ex  cmni  rerbonim  inioria  dictn, 

aorea  Ailgenti  deprmnens  tela  pharetn  ]60 

***  JfoM  tditon  wake  the  paradhfoia  hegf*  «eft  enias.     A  t 
kerr,  NKx. 

1«  iMxmallL    IkataJB  Umger:  UcUb  Z  .-  IkeaC  BAR. 

>*»  eaterra. 

1*^  caaaqve]  qitoq[ae  Umger.  rdapsB  est  HoKsimt:  r:'?-?'- 
or  relue  MSS. 

*^  anataai  Jooob .-  asrea  iaa  [tr.  pilal:  aBre(^=:  .V 
wtam.    mAvmsss  Bmnk:  aolTiaBefc. 

1^  BOD  Binnqcam  A.     nanos  HAH. 

"*  iare  Barik  •  ioia. 

>»  ad  akiaoeDdm    Aldime   edkkm  1517 :    ^ 
(-•tm).  »•  dicta  H:  ^etoLAR. 

416 


CIRIS 

and  men — but  too  large  is  the  theme !),  that  same 
tiny  boy  at  this  time  whetted  the  stern  wrath  of 
miglity  Juno,  whose  home,  forbidden  to  all,  the 
perjured  maid  (perjuries  goddesses  remember  from 
of  old,  yet  remember  long !)  had  unwittingly  pro- 
faned ;  ^  for,  as  she  was  engaging  in  the  goddess' 
rites,  she  indulged  in  a  frolic,  and  went  far  be- 
yond the  band  of  matrons  and  her  companions, 
rejoicing  in  the  ungirdled  robe  that  plays  about 
her  body,  and  throwing  loose  its  swelling  folds, 
as  the  North  wind  tosses  it  about.  Not  yet  had 
the  fire  tasted  the  holy  offerings ;  not  yet  had 
the  priestess  bathed  in  the  wonted  water  and 
adorned  her  head  with  pale  olive-leaves,  when  the 
ball  sli})ped  away  from  her  hands,  and  as  it  re- 
bounds the  maiden  runs  forward.  Would  that  thou 
hadst  not  been  beguiled  by  play,  and  hadst  not 
loosened  the  golden  robe  on  thy  slender  body ! 
O  would  that  thou  hadst  ever  with  thee  all  thy 
apparel,  which  might  have  kept  back  thy  steps 
atid  stayed  thy  course !  Never  would  thy  hand 
have  profaned  the  sanctuary  of  the  goddess,  nor 
woiildst  thou,  unhappy  one,  Avith  an  oath  have  made 
vain  expiation  I  ^  And  yet  who  would  suppose  that 
perjury  had  been  thy  bane.''  There  is  a  righteous 
plea :  Juno  feared  to  show  thee  to  her  brother.^ 
But  that  fickle  god  (by  whom  whatever  falsehood 
lurks  in  any  spoken  word  is  ever  sought  for  punish- 
ment),  drawing   golden    shafts    from   his   gleaming 

*  The  story  of  tlie  perjury  is  obscure.  Aa  to  the  parenthesis, 
"the  inveteracy  of  the  habit  might  be  supposed  to  prevent 
its  long  continuance  in  any  particular  case"  (Ellis). 

^  Scylla  must  have  sworn  that  she  had  not  perjured  herself. 

^  Juno's  wrath,  which  could  easily  be  aroused  because  of 
the  amorous  Jupiter,  was  feared  by  Scylla,  who  therefore 
swore  falsely  that  she  had  not  exposed  her  limbs  in  the 
temple  of  the  goddess.  417 


VIRGIL 

.^heo  nimiain  terret,  nimiirm  Tirrndiia  visa), 
Tii^inis  in  tenen  defixerat  onmia  mente. 

Quae  sunal  ac  venis  haastt  sitientibas  ignem 
et  validiiin  peaitns  OHic^iit  in  osa  fbrorein, 
saeva  rdat  gelidis  EccMUun  Bistonis  oris  l65 

ictave  barbarico  Cybeles  antistita  baso^ 
infelix  viigo  tota  baccjiatiir  in  uibe, 
Boa  storace  Idaeo  firagrantis  {Mcta  capillos, 
coccina  nan  teneris  pedibas  Sicnnmia  serrans, 
Hon  nireo  retinens  bacata  uMMiilia  ctdilo.  170 

maltinn  illi  incerto  trq^adant  restigia  coisa : 
saispe  redit  patiios  ascendere  perdita  maros, 
aeiiasqae  &cii  ransam  se  risere  turns ; 
sa^pe  etiam  trislis  vobrens  in  nocte  qaocllas 
sedibos  ex  altis  tecti  spemlatur  amorem  ITo 

castraqae  pro^iectat  cxdms  lacentia  flanunis. 
noHa  colmn  norit,  camm  nmi  respicit  annnn, 
nm  aignta  siMiant  tenia  psalteria  ch<Mrda, 
Qoa  Librco  moDes  plandimtur  pectine  tdae. 
nallnsinocembor:  alHenimndMNr,obsiatai»orL  180 
atqae  ubi  nulla  mabs  r^ierit  solacia  tantis 
ta]UdaIamqae  videt  lalM  pa-  viscera  nKMrtem, 
quo  Tocat  ire  dolcnr,  sobigimt  quo  tendoe  &ta, 
fertor  et  honilHii  praeceps  impeDitiir  oestro». 
ot  patziSj,  a  denwTis,  crinem  de  vertice  sectom       185 
fiirtim  atqae  argute  dettMsnm  mitteret  bosti, 
namque  baec  cmdicio  miserae  pmponitiir  una, 

ici  &  VoBmer.     7%e  wae  itpnibaJtSjf  oarrmfi. 

'^  gdidB  Comslamtna  o/Famo:  gefifi-Zl 

1*^  fiagnuafis.     tiaeta  Sekrader:  imeta  Hrimnma 

""  ooeaBa  BaArau:  cogaita.     Scyania  Cbaaf::     r.i 

Famo:  acomua^ 
2^  teeti  Heym:  efa^ :  ex  aalae  edss  HampL 
1^  a/b)  deanimB  A^:  ademptsna  L.     seetsni  R*:    itcTzz:. 

E^A^B  Irebiimed  hjf  VcOmsf^:  eaesam  EKg. 
**•  axgate  r<.<"r^ar.-  izirz-.-.     z.r^i-iaBumi Nimdhg. 

*18 


CiRIS 

quiver  (ah  !  too  much  terror  does  the  Tirynthian  ^ 
awake  at  sight  of  them  !),  had  lodged  them  all  in 
the  maiden's  gentle  heart. 

^^'^  Soon  as  she  drank  the  fire  into  her  thirsty 
veins,  and  caught  deep  within  lier  marrow  the 
potent  frenzy,  even  as  a  fierce  Thracian  woman  in 
the  chill  lands  of  the  Edonians,  or  as  a  priestess  of 
Cybele,  inspired  by  barbaric  box-wood  flute,  the 
luckless  maid  raves  through  the  city.  No  balsam 
of  Ida  adorns  her  fragrant  locks,  no  scarlet  shoes 
of  Sicyon  protect  her  tender  feet,  no  collar  of 
pearls  keeps  she  upon  her  snowy  neck.  Ever  do 
i)er  feet  hurry  to  and  fro  in  uncertain  course ;  oft 
slie  returns,  forlorn  one,  to  climb  her  father's  walls, 
and  makes  the  plea  that  she  is  visiting  the  lofty 
towers;  oft  too  at  night,  when  pondering  bitter 
complaints,  from  her  high  palace-home  she  watches 
for  her  love,  and  gazes  forth  to  the  camp,  ablaze 
with  frequent  fires.  Naught  she  knows  of  the 
distaff,  she  cares  not  for  precious  gold,  the  tuneful 
harp  rings  not  with  its  slender  strings,  the  loom's 
soft  threads  are  smitten  not  with  the  Libyan  comb.^ 
No  blush  is  on  her  cheeks  ;  for  in  a  blush  love  finds 
a  bar.  And  when  for  ills  so  great  she  finds  no 
comfort,  and  sees  slow-wasting  death  steal  o'er 
her  frame,  she  fares  whither  anguish  summons  her, 
whither  the  fates  compel  her  to  hasten,  and  by  awful 
frenzy  is  she  driven  headlong,  so  that,  severing  it 
with  stealth  and  cunning  from  her  father's  head,  she 
— mad  girl — might  send  the  shorn  lock  to  the  foe. 
For  to  the    unhappy  girl   are   offered    these   terms 

*  i.e.  Juno,  called  Tirynthian  from  Tiryns  in  Argolis;  c/. 
Aen.  III.  547. 

"  Probably  of  ivory  for  elephants  were  numerous  in 
Libya, 

419 

s   e  2 


VIRGIL 

sive  ilia  igiMwaiis  (qnis  non  boaos  mnnia  malit 
credere,  qaam  tanti  sceleris  danmaie  paellam  ?), 
hea  tamen  infeiix  :  quid  enim  impmdentia  prodest  ? 

Nise  pater,  cni  direpta  cnideliter  urbe  ipi 

vix  erit  una  STiper  sedes  in  turribos  altis, 
fessus  ubi  exstmcto  possis  ccMisidere  nido, 
ta  quoque  avis  metcere  :  dalwt  tibi  filia  poenas. 
^adete,  o  celeres,  subnixae  nubibus  altis,  1P5 

quae  mare,  quae  viridis  silvas  lucosque  sonantis 
ino^itis,  gandete,  ragae  blandaeqae  TolaicreS) 
Tosque  adeo,  hmnanos  mntatae  corporis  artoSj 
ros  o  crudeli  fatomm  lege,  puellae 
Dsuliades,  gaadete  :  reiiit  carissinia  vobis,  200 

ct^natos  angens  reges  nomenmnqDe  saffimm, 
Ciris  et  ipse  pater,    vos,  o  paldherrima  quondam 
cfMrpora,  caeroleas  pracTerlite  in  aethera  nnbes, 
qua  noTQS  ad  sapennn  sedes  faaliaeetos  et  qua 
Candida  concessos  ascoodet  Oris  hontwes.  205 

lamqne  adeo  dnlci  deTinctos  lomina  sonmo 
Nisos  erat,  vigilcunqne  |»ocnl  cnstodia  {wimis 
excnfaias  foiibns  stadio  iactabat  inani. 
cnni  fiirtim  tacxto  descendens  ScjQa  calnli 
aoiibas  arrectis  noctuma  silentia  temptat  2 1 0 

*^  There  ia  proiiaMtf  a  laaema  after  Has  wene.    So  VeEsier. 

"^  tanti  seelais  eeKtiam  of  1301 :  tanto  aedse. 

13*  pcndentia  ^£. 

>^  meiaaK  6.  HermaaM:  monere^ 

19^  Uandaeqve]  laufdate  HA^B  :  rsgi  laris  ante  EUi». 

13^  hnsBuiL 

13«  enid^  Atdhte  edUiom  1517 :  eradsks. 

an  aaetxum  Barik.  *^^  derietas  LAB. 

*^  aoTsbat  Xemetky.  "  eseddsCas)  «r  axzepcia, 


CIRIS 

alone  ^ — or  perchance  in  ignorance  she  did  the  deed 
(what  good  man  would  not  believe  anything  rather 
than  convict  the  maid  of  such  a  crime  ?),  yet  alas ! 
unblest  was  she  :  lor  what  doth  folly  avail  ? 

1^1  O  Nisus,  father^  who,  when  thy  city  has  been 
cruelly  despoiled,  shalt  have  scarcely  one  home  left 
in  lofty  turrets,  where  in  weariness  thou  canst  settle 
in  thy  high-built  nest,  thou  too  as  a  bird  shalt  be 
feared  ;  thy  daughter  shall  pay  thee  thy  due.-  Rejoice, 
ye  swift  creatures,  that  rest  upon  the  lofty  clouds,  ye 
that  dwell  upon  the  sea,  that  dwell  in  green  woods 
and  echoing  groves,  rejoice,  ye  sweet  birds  that 
widely  roam  ;  yea,  and  ye  too  whose  human  limbs 
are  changed  by  cruel  law  of  the  fates,  ye  Daulian 
maids,^  rejoice  ;  there  comes  one  beloved  by  you, 
swelling  the  ranks  of  her  royal  kindred,*  even  Ciris 
and  her  father  himself  Do  ye,  O  forms  once  most 
fair,  outstrip  the  clouds  of  heaven,  and  fly  to  the 
skies,  where  the  new  sea-eagle  will  climb  to  the 
homes  of  the  gods,  and  the  fair  Ciris  to  the  honours 
granted  her.^ 

201)  And  now,  even  now,  the  eyes  of  Nisus  were  fast 
bound  in  sweet  sleep,  and  at  the  entrance  doors  hard 
by,  with  vain  zeal  the  sentries  on  guard  were  keep- 
ing watch,  when  Scylla,  stealthily  descending  from 
her  silent  couch,  with  straining  ears  essays  the  silence 

'  Minos  would  not  return  Scylla's  love  unless  she  betrayed 
her  father  in  the  manner  described. 

^  Scylla,  transformed  into  a  sea-hawk,  will  be  pursued  by 
Nisus,  transfornieil  into  a  sea-eagle  ;  cf.  Georr/ics,  i.  405. 

*  Pliilomela  and  Procne,  who  liad  also  been  changed  into 
birds.     Procne  had  married  Tereus,  king  of  Daulis. 

*  Philomela  and  Procne  were  daughters  of  the  elder  Pan- 
dion,  king  of  Athens,  while  Nisus  was  son  of  the  younger 
Pandion. 

*  Scylla's  transformation  is  not  regarded  fis  a  punishment. 

42i 


VIRGIL 

et  pressis  tenuem  singultibus  aera  captat. 
turn  suspense  levans  digitis  vestigia  primis 
egreditur  ferroque  manus  armata  bidenti 
evolat ;  at  demptae  subita  in  formidine  vires 
caeruleas  sua  furta  prius  testantur  ad  umbras.        215 
nam  qua  se  ad  patrium  tendebat  semita  linien, 
vestibule  in  thalami  paulum  remoratur  et  alte 
suspicit  ad  celsi  nictantia  sidera  mundi, 
non  accepta  piis  promittens  munera  divis. 

Quam  simul  Ogvgii  Phoenicis  filia  Canne  220 

surgere  sensit  anus  (sonitum  nam  fecerat  illi 
mamioreo  aeratus  stridens  in  limine  cardo), 
corripit  extemplo  fessam  languore  puellam 
et  simul  "  o  nobis  sacrum  caput,"  inquit,  •"'  alumna, 
non  tibi  nequiquam  viridis  per  viscera  pallor  22  "• 

aegrotas  tenui  suffundit  sanguine  venas, 
nee  le%is  hoc  faceres  (neque  enim  pote)  cura  subegit, 
aut  fallor  :  quod  ut  o  potius,  Rhamnusia,  fallar  ! 
nam  qua  te  causa  nee  dulcis  pocula  Bacchi 
nee  gra\idos  Cereris  dicam  contingere  fetus?         230 
qua  causa  ad  patrium  solam  vigilare  cubile, 
tempore  quo  fessas  mortalia  pectora  curas, 
quo  rapidos  etiam  requiescunt  flumina  cursus  ? 
die  age  nunc  miserae  saltern,  quod  saepe  petenti 
iurabas  nihil  esse  mihi,  cur  maesta  parentis  235 

*i*  devolat  Lio.     A  full  stop  is  commonly  placed  ai  the  end 
of  the  verse. 

"5  teatatnr  ZJiJ.  "«  lumen  H^L^. 

*^'  remorattis.     alte  Herzberg:  alti. 

"^  celsi  Scaliger :  c  aleli  :  adclinis  Im).    nictantia  iSca7i<7«-  • 
mntantia  H^R :  nutantia  IPAL. 

***  nequiquam  Bibhtck :  nelneciquiequam. 

--'  egroto  77.     sufiudit  Z.  *-'  i&ceret  ARU. 

--»  aut]  hand  ji*i.     quod  ut  o]  Schrader:  quod  te  A^L: 
quod  ita  IT^.     fallar  Juntine  edition :  fallor  Z. 

*"  cur]  cum  LAR :  turn  IP^, 
4^2 


CIRIS 

of  night,  and  checking  her  sobs,  catches  at  the  fine 
air.  Then,  poising  her  feet  on  tip-toe,  she  passes  with- 
out and  fares  forth,  her  hand  armed  with  two-edged 
shears ;  but  failure  of  strength  in  her  sudden  terror 
first  bears  witness  of  her  misdeeds  to  the  shades  of 
heaven.  For  where  the  path  led  to  her  father's 
threshold,  she  lingei-s  a  moment  at  the  chamber- 
entrance,  and  glances  up  at  high  heaven's  flickering 
stars,  promising  gifts  that  win  no  acceptance  with 
the  righteous  gods. 

2-**  Soon  as  aged  Carme,^  daughter  of  Ogygian 
Phoenix,  took  note  of  her  rising  (for  she  had  heard 
the  creaking  of  the  bronze  hinge  ^  on  the  marble 
threshold),  straightway  she  seizes  the  faint  and 
weary  maidj  and  therewith  cries :  "  O  precious 
foster-child,  whom  we  revere,  'tis  not  without 
reason  that  throughout  thy  frame  a  sallow  paleness 
pours  its  thin  blood  through  thy  feverish  veins,  nor 
has  light  trouble  forced  thee — nay,  it  could  not — to 
this  deed,  or  else  I  am  deceived :  and  O  Rhamnusian 
maid,^  rather  may  I  be  deceived  !  For  why  else  shall 
I  say  thou  touchest  neither  the  cups  of  sweet  Bacchus 
nor  the  teeming  fruits  of  Ceres  ?  Why  watchest  thou 
alone  by  thy  father's  bed  in  that  hour,  when  the 
hearts  of  men  rest  from  weary  cares,  when  even 
rivers  stay  their  swift  course  ?  Come,  tell  now  at 
least  thy  poor  nurse  that  which,  oft  as  I  have 
besought  thee,   thou    hast   sworn   means   naught — 

1  Carme,  daughter  of  Phoenix,  was  loved  by  Jupiter. 
Their  daughter,  Britomartis,  being  wooed  by  Minos,  fled 
into  the  sea.  Rescued  b}'  Diana,  slie  was  worshipped  in 
Crete  under  the  name  Dictyna. 

*  c/.  Acn.  I.  449.  The  term  cardo  applies  to  the  pivot  and 
socket  upon  which  the  door  swings. 

'  Nemesia,  who  was  worshipped  especially  at  Rhaninun,  in 
Attica. 

423 


VIRGIL 

formosos  circum  virgo  remorere  capiUos  ? 

ei  mihi,  ne  furor  ille  tuos  invaserit  artus, 

ille  Arabae  Myrrhae  quondam  qui  cepit  ocellos, 

ut  scelere  infando  (quod  nee  sinat  Adrastea) 

laedere  utrumque  uno  studeas  errore  parentem  !   240 

quod  si  alio  quovis  aninii  iactaris  amore 

(nam  te  iactari,  non  est  Amathusia  nostri 

tam  rudis,  ut  nullo  possim  cognoscere  signo), 

si  concessus  amor  noto  te  macerat  igne, 

per  tibi  Dictraae  praesentia  numina  iuro.  245 

prima  deum  mihi  quae  dulcem  te  donat  alumnam, 

omnia  me  potius  digna  atque  indigna  laborum 

milia  visuram^  quam  te  tam  tristibus  istis 

sordibus  et  senio  patiar  tabescere  tali." 

Haec  loquitur^  moUique  ut  se  velavit  amictUj     250 
frigidulam  iniecta  circumdat  veste  puellam. 
quae  prius  in  tenui  steterat  succincta  crocota. 
dulcia  deinde  genis  rorantibus  oscula  figens 
persequitur  miserae  causas  exquirere  tabis. 
nee  tamen  ante  ullas  patitur  sibi  reddere  voces,    255 
marmoreum  tremebunda  pedem  quam  rettulit  intra, 
ilia  autem  •'■'quid  sic  me,"  inquit,  "nutricula.  torques? 
quid  tantum  properas  nostros  novisse  furores  ? 
non  ego  consueto  mortalibus  uror  amore 
nee  mihi  notorum  deflectunt  lumina  voltus  260 

*'*  remorere  Paris  edition  1501 :  morerere  H-LAR  [adopted 
by  Ellis,  tcho  takes  it  of  rapturous  longing) :  morere  H^. 

*^^  sirdt.         *"  aaimi  Baupt :  animis  HA^R :  animo  A-L. 

**'  nam]  nee  AR. 

***  prima  deum  quae  dulce  mihi  te  donat. 

**"  laborum]  laturam  A^L. 

**'  senio  Ribheck:  scoria  ^*X;  morbo  R:  scora  {=  scoria) 
Ellis :  sanie  Sudhaus. 

*5'  velarat  Htyne.  ***  crocota  Scaliger :  corona. 

*^^  persequitur  edition   1507:    prosequitur   LAR:   perse- 
qnimur  H.  *^*  intro  Ribbeek. 

**'  sic  Leo.     quid  enim  me  Ellis:  quid  (nunc)  me. 
424 


i 


CIRIS 

why,  unhappy  maid,  thou  lingerest  near  thy  father's 
beauteous  locks  ?  Ah  me !  may  it  not  be  that  that  mad- 
ness has  assailed  thy  limbs,  which  once  took  captive 
the  eyes  of  Arabian  Myrrha,^  so  that  in  monstrous 
sin  (which  Adrastea  forbid  !)  thou  shouldst  be  fain  by 
one  folly  to  wrong  both  parents  !  But  if  by  some 
other  passionate  love  thou  art  swayed  (for  that  thou 
art,  not  so  strange  to  me  is  the  Amathusian,^  that 
I  cannot  learn  this  by  some  sign),  if  a  lawful  flame 
wastes  thee  with  familiar  flame,  I  swear  to  thee  by 
the  divine  presence  of  Dictyna,^  who,  first  of  the 
gods  in  my  eyes,  granted  me  a  sweet  foster-child 
in  thee,  that  sooner  shall  I  face  all  toils,  thousands 
meet  and  unmeet,  than  suffer  thee  to  pine  away  in 
such  sad  wretchedness  and  in  such  affliction." 

2^*^  Thus  she  cries,  and,  clad  as  she  was  in  soft 
raiment,  she  casts  her  garb  about  the  shivering 
maid,  who  before  had  stood,  high-girt,  in  light 
saffron  robe.  Then,  imprinting  sweet  kisses  on  her 
tear-bedewed  cheeks,  she  earnestly  seeks  the  causes 
of  her  wasting  misery,  yet  suffers  her  not  to  make 
aught  of  reply,  until,  all  trembling,  she  has  with- 
drawn her  mai'ble-cold  *  feet  within.  Then  cries  the 
maid :  "  Why,  dear  nurse,  dost  thou  thus  torture 
me  ?  Why  so  eager  to  know  my  madness  ?  'Tis 
no  love  common  to  mortals  that  inflames  me ;  'tis 
not  the  faces  of  friends  that  draw  toward  them  my 

*  The  story  of  Mynha  or  Smyrna,  wlio  was  guilty  of 
incest  wilh  her  fallier  Cinyras  and  was  afterwards  trans- 
formed into  the  Arabian  myrrh-tree,  is  told  in  Ovid,  Aletam. 
X.  298  If.         ^  Venus.         ^'  See  uote  on  220,  above. 

*  c/.  Georgics,  iv.  523. 

425 


VIP.  GIL 

nee  genitOT  cordi  est :  ultro  namqne  odrmus  omnis. 
nil  amat  hie  animus,  ntrtrix,  quod  oportet  amari, 
in  qno  falsa  tamen  lateat  pietatis  imago, 
sed  media  ex  acie  mediisque  ex  hostibus.   hen  hen, 
quid  dicam  qnore  aegra  malmn  hoc  exoTdiar  ore  r  265 
dicam  equidem,  qnoniam  tu  me  non  dicere,  nutrii, 
non  «nnii; :  extremum  hoc  mnnus  morien tis  habeto. 
ille.  Tides,  nostris  qui  moenibns  adsidet  hostis, 
quem  pater  ipse  demn  sceptri  donavit  honore, 
cui  Parcae  tribuere  cec  ullo  Tolnere  laedi  270 

(dicendum  est,  frustra  circuinvehor  omnia  verbis), 
ille  mea,  ille  idem  oppugnat  praecoidia  Minos, 
quod  per  te  dimm  crebros  t^tamnr  amores 
perqoe  tuum  memori  sanctom  mihi  pectus  alumnae, 
ot  me,  si  servare  potes,  nee  p>erdere  malis ;  2T5 

sin  ant  em  optatae  spes  est  incisa  salutis, 
ne  mihi,  quam  merui,  invideas,  nutricula,  mortem, 
nam  nisi  te  nobis  mains,  o  malus,  optima  Carme, 
ante  in  con5j>ectum,  casusre  densve  tolisset, 
aut  ferro  hoc ' '  (aperit  fernim  qnod  veste  latebat)      280 
"purpureum  patris  dempsissem  vertice  crinem, 
aut  mihi  praesenti  peperissem  volnere  letum." 
Vix  haec  ediderat,  cum  clade  exterrita  tristi 
intonsos  multo  deturpat  pulrere  crinis 
et  grariter  qnestu  Carme  complorat  anili :  2S5 

"  o  mihi  nunc  iterom  crcdelis  reddite  Minos, 
o  iterum  nostrae  Minos  inimice  senectae, 

*^  ai^ra  Baehrema:  ansa  &Big:  «gam  HAR  :  ipsa  L. 

***  tu  me  nan  Baekrau:  tn  mine  vaaH*:  quid  ooo  tibi  L. 

>»  te  pa-  RL.   obtestor  HA^L  :  testator  AK 

^*  memaria.    Eanctmn  SHiig:  aadbawa :  haostom  A^L. 

*'*  servare  potes  ABcexdrnM:  vena  r^etea:  versare  petes 
ATi.     nee]  ne  Aldime  editiom  1517. 

""  ne  Aldime  1517 :  nee. 

"*  in  DrakembimtM .-  hnne  LAS:  hine  H:    lAmfortk  reade 
ante  lioe  eoBfeetam.  *^  iDoomptos  Hdmtima. 

4S6 


CIRIS 

eyes,  'tis  not  my  father  who  is  thus  loved :  nay 
more,  I  hate  them  all !  This  soul  of  mine,  O  nurse, 
loves  naught  that  should  be  loved,  naught  wherein 
there  lurks,  albeit  vain,  some  ghost  of  natural  regard, 
but  loves  from  midst  the  ranks  of  war,  from  midst 
our  foes.  Alas!  Alas  !  What  can  I  say?  With  what 
speech  can  I,  sad  one,  launch  forth  upon  this  woe  ? 
Yet  surely  I  will  speak,  since  thou,  O  nurse,  dost 
not  permit  me  to  be  silent :  this  take  thou  as  my 
last  dying  gift.  Yonder  foe,  who,  thou  seest,  is 
seated  before  our  walls,  to  whom  the  Sire  himself 
of  the  gods  has  given  the  glory  of  sceptre,  and  to 
Avhom  the  Fates  have  granted  that  he  suffer  from  no 
wound  (I  must  speak ;  vainly  with  my  words  do  I 
travel  round  the  whole  story),  'tis  he,  'tis  he,  that 
same  Minos,  that  doth  besiege  my  heart,  O,  I  entreat 
thee  by  the  many  loves  of  the  gods,  and  by  thy 
heart,  revered  by  me,  thy  mindful  foster-child,  do 
thou  rather  save  me,  if  thou  canst,  and  not  destroy 
me.  But  if  hope  of  the  salvation  I  crave  be  cut  off, 
grudge  me  not,  dear  nurse,  the  death  I  have  deserved. 
For,  good  Carme,  had  not  a  perverse,  yea,  a  per- 
verse chance  or  god,  brought  thee  first  before  my 
eyes,  then  either  with  this  steel"  (she  reveals  the 
steel,  hidden  in  her  robe)  ^  "  I  should  have  taken 
from  my  father's  head  his  crimson  lock,  or  with  single 
stroke  before  his  eyes  have  won  me  death." 

'^^^  Scarce  had  she  uttered  these  words,  when, 
affrighted  by  the  fell  disaster,  Carme  defiles  her  un- 
shorn locks  with  a  shower  of  dust,  and  in  aged  accents 
makes  grievous  lamentation:  "O  Minos,  who  now  a 
second  time  ^  hast  visited  upon  me  thy  cruelty !  O 
Minos,  in  my  old  age  a  second  time  mine  enemy  !  how 

>  cf.  Aen.  VI.  406. 

'  See  note  on  220,  above, 

427 


VIRGIL 

semper  ut  aut  olim  natae  te  propter  eundem 

aut  Amor  insanae  luctam  portavit  alumnae  ! 

tene  ego  tam  longe  capta  atque  avecta  nequivi,    290 

tam  grave  servitium,  tam  duros  passa  labores, 

effugere,  o  bis  iam  exitium  crudele  meorum? 

iam  iam  nee  nobis  aequo  senioribus  ullum 

vivere  uti  cupiam  vivit  genus,    ut  quid  ego  amens 

te  erepta,  o  Britomarti,  mei  spes  una  sepulchri,     295 

te,  Britomarti,  diem  potui  producere  vitae  ? 

atque  utinam  celeri  nee  tantum  grata  Dianae 

venatus  esses  virgo  sectata  virorum, 

Gnosia  nee  Partho  contendens  spicula  cornu 

Dictaeas  ageres  ad  gramina  nota  capellas !  300 

nimiquam  tam  obnixe  fugiens  Minois  amores 

praeceps  aerii  specula  de  moutis  abisses, 

unde  alii  fugisse  ferunt  et  numen  Aphaeae 

virginis  adsignant ;  alii,  quo  notior  esses, 

Dictynam  dixere  tuo  de  nomine  lunam.  S05 

sint  haec  vera  velim ;  mihi  certe,  nata^  peristi. 

numquam  ego  te  summo  volitantem  in  vertice  mentis 

Hyrcanos  inter  comites  agmenque  ferarum 

conspiciam,  nee  te  redeuntem  amplexa  tenebo. 

*^'  ut  inserltd  by  Schrader. 

*'■*  o  bis  iam  Honsvian  :  obsistam. 

*^*  aequo  Haupt :  ea  que  (quae)  :  aevi  Heinsius :  heu  quae 
Volliner. 

*'*  vivere  uti  eupiani  Sillig :  vivendi  copiam  HAR :  vivendi 
causa  est  Vollmer.  **^  sepulchri]  salutis  A'B. 

***  nee  Partlio  Haupt:  neu  Partho  Aldine  edition  1517: 
na(e)upharto.  ^°°  puellas  A^B. 

*"*  moutis  abisses  Scaliger :  montibus  isses. 

'*^  One  t^rse  or  more  may  have  dropped  out  after  302.     So 
Sktit^ch  atid  Volltner.  *"*  sunt  H. 

**"  mentis  wanting  in  HA^R. 
428 


CIRIS 

truly  tlirough  thee,  and  thee  alone,  has  Love  ever 
brought  grief,  either  to  my  child  in  other  days,  or 
now  to  my  distrauglit  fosterling  !  Have  I,  who  was 
taken  captive  and  carried  off  to  this  distant  land,^ 
who  have  suffered  such  grievous  servitude  and  harsh 
travails,  have  I  failed  to  escape  thee,  O  thou  who  art 
already  for  the  second  time  the  cruel  destruction  of 
my  loved  ones  ?  Now,  now,  even  for  me,  who  am 
older  than  is  meet,  there  lives  no  child,  so  that  I 
may  long  to  live.  Why  have  I,  frenzied  one,  v/hen 
thou,  Britomartis,  thou,  Britomartis,  the  sole  hope  of 
my  tomb,  wert  torn  from  me — why  have  I  been  able 
to  pi'olong  my  day  of  life  ?  And  would  that  thou, 
maiden  so  dear  to  fleet  Diana,  hadst  neither  pursued, 
a  maiden,  the  hunt  that  belongs  to  men,  nor,  aiming 
Gnosian  shafts  from  Parthian  bow,  hadst  driven  the 
Dictaean  goats  to  their  familiar  meadows !  Never 
with  such  resolve  to  flee  from  Minos'  passion  wouldst 
thou  have  sped  headlong  from  the  towering  moun- 
tain-crag,2  whence  some  relate  that  thou  didst  flee, 
and  assign  thee  the  godhead  of  the  virgin  Aphaea ; 
but  others,  that  so  thy  fame  might  be  greater,^  have 
called  the  moon  Dictyna  after  thy  name.  May  this, 
I  pray,  be  true ;  for  me  at  least,  my  child,  thou  art 
no  more.  Never  shall  I  see  thee  flitting  on  the 
mountain's  highest  peak  amid  the  Hyrcanian  hounds, 
thy  comrades,  and  the  wild  beast  throng,  nor  on  thy 
return  shall  I  hold  thee  in  my  embrace. 

*  i.e.  from  Crete  to  Megara. 

*  c/.  Eclogues,  viii.  59. 

^  The  poet  implies  that  the  name  Dictyna,  by  which 
Diana,  the  Moon-goddess,  was  also  known  (cf.  Tibullus,  i. 
iv.  25  ;  Ovid,  Metamorphoses,  ii.  441,  etc.),  had  been  given  to 
Britomartis  herself.  Pausanias  (ii.  xxx.  3)  tells  us  that 
Britomartis  was  known  as  Dictyna  in  Crete,  and  as  Aphaea 
in  Aegina. 

429 


VIRGIL 

"  Verum  haec  turn  nobis  gravia  atque  indigna  fuere 
torn,  mea  alumna^  tui  cum  spes  integra  maneiet,    31 1 
et  vox  ista  meas  nondum  violaverat  auris. 
tene  etiam  Fortuna  mihi  crudelis  ademit, 
tenCj  o  sola  meae  Wvendi  causa  senectae  ? 
saepe  tuo  dulci  nequiquam  capta  sopore,  313 

cum  premeret  natura.  mori  me  velle  negavi, 
ut  tibi  Corycio  glomerarem  flammea  luto. 
quo  nunc  me,  infelix,  aut  quae  me  fata  reservant  ? 
an  nescis.  qua  lege  patris  de  vertice  summo 
edita  candentis  praetexat  purpura  canos,  320 

quae  tenuis  patrio  praes  sit  suspensa  capillo  ? 
si  nescis.  aliquam  possum  sperare  salutem, 
inscia  quandoquidem  scelus  es  conata  nefandum  : 
sin  est,  quod  metuo,  per  te,  mea  alumna,  tuumque 
expertxmi  multis  miserae  mihi  rebus  amorem,        325 
perdere  saeva  precor  per  numina  Ilithyiae. 
ne  tantimi  facinus  tam  nulla  mente  sequaris. 
non  ego  te  incepto  (fieri  quod  non  pote)  conor 
tlectere,  Amor,  neque  est  cum  dis  contendere  nostrum ! 
sed  patris  incolumi  potius  denubere  regno  3j0 

atque  aliquos  tamen  esse  velis  tibi,  alumna,  Penates, 
hoc  unum  exitio  docta  atque  experta  monebo. 
quod  si  non  alia  poteris  ratione  parentem 
flectere  (sed  poteris ;  quid  enim  non  unica  possis?), 
turn  potius  tandem  ista,  pio  cum  iure  licebit,  335 

»"  tunc  AR  :  cum  L.        *"  turn]  lu.       »"  et]  nee  HA^JR, 

*"  o  omittid  HAR.  *^*  numina  servant  L. 

'"  praes  sit   Ellis :   pressit   (presit) :    spes  sit  edition  o/ 
151)7  (uriiri  tenui). 

***  per  te  mea  Gronorius :  per  me  tu  (taa,  or  mea). 

'**  per  te  sacra  Scaligtr :  parcere  saeva  VMmer.     numina 
Heyne :  flumina. 

•*'  nee  AR  [Vdlmer).     tan  turn  Baehrens:  tantom  in. 

***  amore  tdiiion  o/loM.  "*  exilio  Baehrena, 

***  turn  Haupi :  tunc  (to),     tandem  ista  Bathrtua  :  tamen 
ipsa  LAR. 


CIRIS 

310  "  But  all  this  burden  and  this  shame  was  mine, 
when  hope  of  thee,  my  foster-child,  still  remained 
unshattered,  and  that  tale  of  thine  had  not  yet 
profaned  my  ears.  Has  cruel  fortune  taken  thee 
also  from  me,  thee,  who  alone  art  for  my  old  age  a 
cause  of  living?  Ofttimes,  vainly  charmed  by  thy 
sweet  slumber,  though  nature  weighed  heavy  upon 
me,  I  was  loth,  I  said,  to  die,  for  I  would  fain  weave 
for  thee  a  niari'iage-veil  of  Corycian  yellow.  To 
what  end,  unhappy  one,  or  by  what  fate  am  I  now 
held  back .''  Or  knowest  thou  not  by  what  law  the 
crimson,  arising  from  the  crown  of  thy  father's  head, 
fringes  his  shining  hoary  hair,  the  crimson  that  hangs 
as  a  slender  surety  ^  from  thy  father's  lock  .''  If  thou 
knowest  not,  I  may  hope  for  some  salvation,  since 
all  unknowing  thou  hast  essayed  a  crime  unspeak- 
able. But  if  it  is  as  I  fear,  then  by  thyself,  my 
child,  and  by  thy  love,  of  which  I,  unhappy  one ! 
have  had  many  a  proof,  and  by  the  })Ower  of 
Ilithyia^  so  cruel  to  destroy,  do  not,  I  pray,  with 
intent  so  foolish,  pursue  this  great  wickedness.  I  do 
not  essay,  O  Love,  to  turn  thee  from  thy  purpose 
— that  can  not  be — nor  is  it  for  me  to  contend  with 
gods  3;  btit  may  it  be  thy  wish,  my  child,  to  wed 
when  thy  father's  kingdom  is  safe,  and  at  least  to 
have  for  thyself  some  home !  This  one  counsel  I 
will  give,  I  who  am  taught  and  schooled  by  disaster. 
But  if  in  no  other  way  thou  canst  sway  thy  sire  (but 
this  thou  canst ;  for  what  couldst  thou,  an  only  child, 
not  do  ?)  then  rather  I  pray  (pious  right  shalt  thou 

^  i.e.  of  the  Btate,  wliose  safety  depended  on  the  lock, 
'^  According  to  Odyssey,  xix.  188,  this  goddess  had  a  cave 
near  Amnisus,  in  Crete. 
'  This  is  an  apostrophe,  addressed  to  Love,  the  deity. 

431 


VIEGIL 

cam  £acti  caasam  tempasqae  doloiis  habebis, 
torn  potios  conata  toa  atqae  inccpta  referto ; 
meqae  deosque  tilM  OMnites,  mea  alamna,  fatnros 
polliceor :  nihil  est,  qaod  texitur  ordine,  longum." 

His  ubi  soliicitos  animi  releTarerat  aestas  S40 

Tocibns  et  blanda  pectus  spe  loserat  ae^ronij 
paulatiin  tremebanda  genis  obdncere  Testem 
Yirginis  et  plaridain  tenebris  captare  qmetem^ 
inverse  bibolam  lestlnguens  lumen  olivoj 
incipit  ad  crebrosqne  insani  pectoris  ictus  543 

ferre  mannm,  adsiduis  nmlcens  |»aecordia  palmis. 
ncctem  illain  sic  maesta  saper  marcentis  alumnae 
fiigidolos  cnbito  snbnixa  pependit  ocellos. 

Poetera  lax  ubi  laeta  diem  mortalibas  almnm 
et  gelida  renientem  ignem  qaatiebat  ab  Oeta,       350 
qaem  paridae  altemis  fagitant  optantqae  paellae 
(Hesperiam  vitant,  optant  ardescere  Eoam), 
praeceptis  paret  Tiigo  notxicis  et  mnnis 
ondiqae  conqnirit  nnbendi  sedcla  caasas. 
temptantar  patziae  sabmissis  Todbas  aares,  355 

laadantorqae  btmae  pacis  bcoia ;  moltns  inepto 
Tirginis  insolitae  sermo  novas  errat  in  ore. 
none  tremere  instantis  belli  certamina  dicit 
commonemqae  timere  deom ;  nunc  regis  amicis,. 
iamqae  ipsi  verita  est :  orbom  flet  maesta  parentem,  360 

***  tezmk  or  terat :  texas  exUtiom  1317. 
«•  hia  AUOae  1517  :  hie  HAB:  hoc  i. 
">  faoent  Aldbu   15S4:     visexat  HA'      iu  ;;:i.    A'-J 
daoeentl*. 

**■  restzn^eBB.  *** -q«««iiii 

**'  nurcentia  HeSmam»  *  morientaB. 
***  VdUmBrhaldaaataversthatfaOt-. 
*^  Tenieatem  ^neaa  Hampt :  rouenti  r^     . 

■"  iaaqne  Haxft.:  namqae.     Wdbmer  ;v.i.i  ziz::-=  ip 
Toita  est  ui  pamikat*. 
43S 


CIRIS 

have,  for  thou  shalt  have  a  plea  for  action  and 
occasion  for  resentment) — then  rather  renew  these 
thy  attempts  and  essays.  The  gods  and  I — I  promise 
thee,  my  child — will  wait  upon  thee ;  no  task  proves 
long,  which  step  by  step  is  wrought." 

3*''  When  with  these  words  she  had  lightened 
passion's  troubled  tide,  and  with  soothing  hope  had 
beguiled  her  love-sick  heart,  little  by  little  with 
trembling  hands  she  essays  to  draw  a  veil  over  the 
maiden's  cheeks,  and  with  darkness  to  woo  reposeful 
calm,  uptilting  the  lamp  of  oil  and  quenching  the 
thirsty  light  ^ ;  then  lays  her  hand  upon  her  mad 
heart's  frequent  throbs,  soothing  her  bosom  with 
constant  fondling.  Thus  all  that  night,  sad  soul,  she 
hung  poised  on  elbow  over  the  tear-chilled  eyes  of 
her  drooping  foster-child. 

3*9  Soon  as  the  morrow's  dawn  was  joyously  bring- 
ing kindly  day  to  mortals,  and  on  chill  Oeta  was 
scattering  the  rays  of  those  advancing  fires,  which 
timorous  maidens  now  flee  and  now  crave  (the  star 
of  Hesperus  they  shun,  they  long  for  Eos  to  blaze),^ 
the  girl  obeys  the  bidding  of  her  nurse,  and  here 
and  there  earnestly  seeks  all  manner  of  pleas  for 
wedlock.  In  soft  accents  she  assails  her  father's 
ears,  and  praises  the  blessings  of  gentle  peace  ;  much 
strange  speech  flits  from  the  foolish  lips  of  the 
untutored  maid :  she  trembles,  she  says,  at  the 
impending  battle-strife,  and  fears  the  common  god 
of  war ;  now  for  the  king's  friends  and  now  for  him- 
self is  she  afraid  :   sadly  she  bewails  her  bereaved 

-  The  light  was  extinguished  by  tilting  up  the  lamp  and 
allowing  the  oil  to  cover  the  burning  wick= 
2  c/.  CatulluB,  LXii.  35,  433 

VOL.  11.  r  r 


VIRGIL 

cum  love  communis  qui  non  dat  habere  nepotes; 
nunc  etiam  conficta  dolo  mendacia  turpi 
invenit  et  di^Tim  terret  fomiidine  civis  ; 
nunc  alia  ex  aliis  (nee  desunt)  omina  quaerit. 
quin  etiam  castos  ausa  est  corrumpere  vates,  S65 

utj  cum  caesa  pio  cecidisset  victima  ferro, 
esset  qui  genenim  Minoa  auctoribus  extis 
iungere  et  ancipitis  suaderet  tollere  pugnas. 

At  nutriXj  patula  componens  sulpura  testa, 
narcissum  casiamque  herbas  contundit  olentis        S"0 
terque  no  vena  ligans  triplici  diversa  colore 
fila,  ^'ter  in  gremium mecum,"  inquit.  "despue^  virgo, 
despue  ter.  virgo  :  numero  deus  impare  gaudet." 
inde  lovi  niagno  geniinans  Stygialia  sacra, 
sacra  nee  Idaeis  anubus  nee  cogiiita  Grais,  375 

pergit.  Amvclaeo  spargens  altaria  thallo, 
regis  lolciacis  an i mum  defigere  votis. 

Verum  ubi  nulla  movet  stabilem  fallacia  Nisum, 
nee  possunt  homines  nee  possunt  flectere  di\i, 
(tanta  est  in  parvo  fiducia  crine  cavendi),  380 

rursus  ad  inceptum  sociam  se  iungit  alumnae, 
purpureumque  jmrat  rursus  tondere  capillum, 
tarn  longo  quod  iam  capiat  succurrere  amori, 
non  minus  ilia  tamen.  revehi  quod  moenia  Cressa 
gaudeat :  et  cineri  patria  est  iucunda  sepulto.        385 

Ergo  iterum  capiti  ScvUa  est  inimica  patemo. 

5*1  qui  non  dat  habere  Ellis:  qui  quondam  (quim,  quin) 
habuere.  ***  confecta.  *°*  omnia  R. 

**^  ut  AJdine  ediiion  1517  :  et.  •""  inc-endit  HA. 

*'i  ligans  Bibbeck:  ligaint  (ligat). 

*'*  inde  (hinc)  magno  geminat  (generata)  lovi :  geminans 
Boihe,     Scvgialia  Scaliger:  frigidala. 

^"'  Aeaeis  Seinsius.  *^^  adiongit  HL. 

**^  tarn  Heyni :  com  longe  dongo). 

***  revehi  A*:  rauci  A^R :  Rhanci  EJiit  and  Unger. 
Cressa  Schrader :  crescat  (crescant). 

***  iterum  Hdnsius  :  metu  :  manu  Ellit.  capiti  H*:  capitis. 
434 


CIRIS 

father,  who  suffers  her  not  to  give  him  grandchildren 
whom  he  would  share  with  Jove.^  Now,  too,  she 
conceives  falsehoods  feigned  in  base  deceit,  and 
affrights  her  fellow-citizens  with  the  terrors  of  the 
gods ;  now  for  various  omens,  from  this  one  and  from 
that,  she  makes  quest,  nor  fails  to  find  them.  Nay 
more,  she  dared  to  bribe  holy  seers,  so  that,  v/hen 
a  victim  fell,  slain  by  sacred  steel,  one  should 
prompt  the  king  to  join  Minos  to  himself  as  son,  and 
to  })ut  an  end  to  the  doubtful  conflict. 

^•^^  But  the  nurse,  mixing  sulphur  in  a  broad  bowl, 
bruises  therewith  narcissus  and  cassia,  savoury  herbs, 
and  thrice  tying  thrice  nine  threads,  marked  with 
three  different  hues,  she  cries :  "  Spit  thrice  into 
thy  bosom,  as  I  do,  maiden ;  spit  thrice,  maiden : 
in  an  uneven  number  heaven  delights."  ^  Then, 
oft  paying  to  mighty  Jove  the  Stygian  rites,^  rites 
unknown  to  soothsayers,  Trojan  or  Greek,  she, 
sprinkling  the  altars  with  Amyclaean  branch,^  essays 
to  bewitch  the  king's  mind  with  Thessalian  en- 
chantments. 

3^^^  But  when  now  no  device  moves  steadfast  Nisus, 
and  neither  men  nor  gods  can  sway  him  (such  confi- 
dence in  warding  off"  peril  places  he  in  his  little  lock) 
again  she  allies  herself  with  her  foster-child's  design, 
and  again  makes  ready  to  shear  the  crimson  hair,  for 
now  she  is  eager  to  relieve  a  passion  so  protracted, — 
yet  not  less  so  because  of  her  joy  in  returning  to  the 
towns  of  Crete  ;  our  motherland  is  sweet,  if  only  for 
our  buried  ashes. 

386  Therefore  once  more  Scylla  assails  her  father's 

^  If  she  wedded  Minos,  Nisus  and  Jupiter  would  both  be 
grandfathers  to  her  children. 
»  c/.  Eclogues,  viii.  73  ff.  '  rf.  Aen,  iv.  638. 

*  Probably  an  olive-bougb  :  c/.  Aen.  vi.  230. 

435 


ViPGlL 

turn  coma  Sidonio  florens  deciditur  ostro, 

torn  capitur  Megara  et  divum  responsa  probantor, 

turn  suspensa  novo  ritu  de  navibus  altis 

per  mare  caeruleum  trahitur  Niseia  virgo.  390 

complures  ilJam  nymphae  mirantur.  in  undis, 

miratur  pater  Oceanus  et  Candida  Tethrs 

et  cupidas  secum  rapiens  Galatea  sorores. 

illazn  etiam,  innctis  magnum  quae  piscibus  aequor 

et  glauco  bipedum  carni  metitur  equomm,  395 

Leucothea  pamisque  dea  cum  matre  Palaemon  ; 

iUam  etiam.  altemas  sortiti  vivere  lace?, 

cara  lovis  suboles,  magnum  lovis  incrementum, 

Tyndaridae  niveos  mirantur  virginis  artus. 

has  adeo  voces  atque  haec  lamenta  per  auras         4-00 

fiuctibus  in  mediis  questu  volrebat  inani, 

ad  caelum  infelix  ardentia  Iniaina  tendens, 

lamina^  nam  teneras  arcebant  vincula  palmas : 

"Supprimite  o  paulum  turbati  £amina  venti, 
dam  queror  et  diros  (quamquam  nil  tesiibus  illis  405 
profeci)  extrema  moriens  tamen  adloqnor  hora. 
vos  egOj  vos  adeOj  venti.  testabor,  et  aurae, 
vos,  vos,  humaoa  si  qui  de  gente  venitis, 
cemitis :  ilia  ego  sum  cognate  sanguine  vobis, 
Scylla  (quod  o  salva  liceat  te  dicere,  Procne),        410 
ilia  ego  sum,  Nisi  poUentis  filia  quondam, 

*»■  tone  AB  {ao  in  3SS,  3S9*.        »"  navibus*  manibus  ff^. 

«*  ilia  H^LA.  »**  iilam  Eeinti-a^ :  illL 

*•*  tecdens]  toUens  L. 

*^^  Tos  bumana  Lto,  who  also  swfpiaeM  thai  a  vergt  prtoedimg 
ihii  is  I&U :  o  numaatina.  ***  eemitis  ?  ESis. 

^S6 


CIRIS 

head.  Then  it  is  that  his  hair,  rich  in  its  Sidonian 
purple,  is  cut  off;  then  tliat  Megara  is  taken  and  the 
divine  oracles  are  proved ;  then  that,  suspended  in 
strange  fashion  from  lofty  ships,  the  maiden  daughter 
of  Nisus  is  dragged  over  the  blue  sea-waters.  Many 
Nymphs  marvel  at  her  amid  the  waves  ^;  father 
Neptune  marvels,  and  shining  Tethys,  and  Galatea, 
carrying  off  in  her  company  her  eager  sisters.  At 
her,  too,  marvels  she  who  traverses  the  mighty  main 
in  her  azure  car,  drawn  by  her  team  of  fishes  -  and 
two-footed  steeds,  Leucothea,  and  little  Palaemon 
with  his  goddess  mother.'  At  her,  too,  marvel  thev 
who  live  by  lot  alternate  dajs,  the  dear  offspring  ot 
Jupiter,  mighty  seed  of  a  Jupiter  to  be,^  the  Tyn- 
daridae,  who  marvel  at  the  maiden's  snowy  limbs. 
Yea,  these  cries  and  these  laments  she,  in  the  midst 
of  the  waves,  sent  ringing  through  tlie  air  in  her 
fruitless  wailing,  uplifting  to  heaven,  hapless  one. 
her  blazing  eyes — her  eyes,  for  bonds  confined  her 
tender  hands. ^ 

^^'^  "  Stay,  ye  wild  winds,  O  stay  for  a  space  your 
blasts  while  I  make  plaint,  and,  to  the  gods  (albeit 
their  witness  has  availed  me  naught)  yet  as  I  die,  in 
my  last  hour,  I  raise  my  cry.  You,  ye  winds  and 
breezes,  yea  you,  I  will  call  to  witness !  Ye,  if  ye 
that  meet  me  are  of  human  stock,^  ye  discern  me  :  1 
am  Scylla,  of  blood  akin  to  yours  (of  thy  grace  may 
I  say  this,  O  Procne!);  I  am  she  who  once  was 
daughter  of  mighty  Nisus,  she  who  was  wooed  in 

1  The  passage  is  suggested  by  Catullus,  Lxiv.  14  fif. 

2  i.e.  dolphins;  c/.  Georgics,  iv.  388  ff. 
^  Ino,  daughter  of  Cadmus. 

*  rf.  Eclogues,  iv.  49.  *  c/.  Aen.  ii.  405-6. 

*  She  is  addressing  the  birds,  which  have  ©nee  been  human 
beings. 

4S7 


VIRGIL 

certatim  ex  omni  petiit  quam  Graecia  regno, 
qua  curvus  terras  amplectitur  Hellespontus. 
ilia  ego  sum.  Minos,  sacrato  foedere  coniunx 
dicta  tibi :  tamen  haec,  etsi  non  accipis,  audis.       415 
vinctane  tarn  magni  tranabo  gurgitis  undas  ? 
\-incta  tot  adsiduas  pendebo  ex  ordine  luces  ? 
non  equidem  me  alio  possum  contendere  dignam 
supplicio,  quod  sic  patriam  carosque  penates 
hostibus  immitique  addixi  ignara  tvranno.  420 

verum  istaec,  Minos,  illos  scelerata  putavi, 
si  nostra  ante  aliquis  nudasset  foedera  casus, 
facturos,  quorum  direptis  moenibus  urbis, 
o  ego  crudelis,  flamma  delubra  petivi ; 
te  vero  victore  prius  vel  sidera  cursus  423 

mutatura  suos,  quam  te  mihi  talia  captae 
facturum  metui.     iam  iam  scelus  omnia  vincit. 
tene  ego  plus  patrio  dilexi  perdita  regno  ? 
tene  ego  r     nee  mirum,  voltu  decepta  puella 
(ut  vidi,  ut  peril!  ut  me  malus  abstulit  error  I)       430 
non  equidem  ex  isto  speravi  corpore  posse 
tale  malum  nasci ;  forma  vel  sidera  fiillas. 
"  Me  non  deliciis  commovit  regia  dives, 
dives  curalio  firagili  et  lacrimoso  electro, 
me  non  florentes  aequali  corpore  nvmphae,  435 

non  metus  impendens  potuit  retinere  deorum  : 
omnia  vicit  amor  :  quid  enim  non  vinceret  ille  ? 

*"  quam  cumis  e  terris  (e  omitted  B,  terras  A'-).     VoIImer 
reeotpiizes  fragments  of  two  verses. 

*^'  aspicis  Heinsius.  *^*  victa  B. 

*!'  quod  sic]  quam  quod  L.  *-*  ingrata  Htinsha. 

**^  istaec    Schroder:    est    hec   (hoc),     verum    est  :    haec 
Vdlmer.  ***  flammis  A. 

*-"  factorum  (fatorum)  HAB. 

*'*  sidera  HA^ :    sidere.      f alias   Haupt :    fallor   (falle  or 
fallat).  *'*  dives  added  in  Aldine  edition  1534. 

*''  impendens  Leo  :  incendens  (ineensam). 

"■  vincit  LAR. 
43S 


CIRIS 

rivalry  by  Greeks  of  every  recalm,  wherever  the 
winding  Hellespont  ^  embraces  his  lands.    I  am  she, 

0  Minos,  whom  by  sacred  compact  thou  didst  call 
wife :  this  thou  hearest,  albeit  thou  payest  no  heed. 
Shall  I  in  bonds  float  o'er  the  waves  of  so  vast  a 
sea .''  In  bonds  shall  I  be  suspended  for  so  many 
days,  each  following  each  ?  Yet  that  I  am  worthy  of 
other  punishment  I  may  not  plead,  seeing  that  thus 

1  surrendered  my  motherland  and  my  dear  home  to 
foemen  and  to  a  tyrant — though  I  knew  it  not — thus 
pitiless.  Yet  shame  so  foul  as  this  methought  my 
countiymen  might  work  me,  should  some  mischance 
first  disclose  our  alliance,  and  when  their  city  walls 
were  razed  I,  cruel  one,  alas !  assailed  their  shrines 
with  flames ;  but  if  thou  wert  victor,  I  deemed  that 
the  stars  would  change  their  courses  ere  thou  shouldst 
do  such  deed  to  me,  thy  captive.  Now,  now  'tis 
wickedness  that  conquers  all !  ^  Did  I,  forlorn  one, 
love  thee  above  my  father's  I'ealm .''  Did  I  love 
thee  ?  Yet  'tis  not  strange.  A  maiden,  deceived 
by  thy  face — as  I  saw,  how  was  I  lost !  how  a 
fatal  frenzy  swept  me  away !  ^ — I  did  not  deem 
that  from  that  form  of  thine  such  guilt  could  spring. 
With  thy  beauty  thou  wouldst  deceive  even  the 
stars ! 

433  « I  ^as  moved  not  by  a  palace  rich  in  its  delights 
— rich  in  frail  coral  and  amber  tears — was  moved  not 
by  damsels  of  like  youth  and  beauteous  to  behold ; 
no  fear  of  gods  with  its  menace  could  hold  me  back : 
Love  conquered  all:  for  what  could  Love  riot  conquer.^ 

1  The  Hellespont  is  perhaps  put  for  the  whole  Aegean ;  cf. 
Cultx,  33. 

"  A  variation  on  omnia  vincit  Amor  [Ed.  x.  69).  So  Lin- 
forth.     Others  would  render  "  thy  crime  surpasses  all. 

»  =  Eclogue»,  viii.  41. 

489 


VIRGIL 

non  mihi  iam  pingui  sudabunt  tempora  myrrha, 

pronuba  nee  castos  accendet  pinus  honores, 
nee  Libys  Assvrio  stemetur  lectulus  ostro.  440 

magna  queror  :  me  ne  ilia  quidem  communis  alumnam 
omnibus  iniecta  tellus  tumulabit  harena. 
mene  inter  matres  ancillarisque  maritas, 
mene  alias  inter  famularum  munere  fungi 
coniugis  atque  tuae,  quaecumque  erit  ilia,  beatae    44  j 
non  licuit  gravidos  penso  devolvere  fusos  ? 
at  belli  saltem  captivam  lege  neeasses  I  447 

iam  tandem  casus  hominum,  iam  respice,  Minos  '  454 
sit  satis  hoc,  tantum  solam  \'idisse  malorum,  455 

vel  fjito  fuerit  nobis  haec  debita  pestis, 
vel  casu  Incerto,  merita  vel  denique  culpa : 
omnia  nam  potius  quam  te  fecisse  putabo." 
Labitur  interea  revoluta  ab  litore  classis, 
magna  repentino  sinuantur  lintea  Coro,  460 

flectitur  in  viridi  remus  sale,  languida  fessae 
virginis  in  cursu  moritur  querimonia  longo. 
deserit  angustis  inclusum  faucibus  Isthmon, 
Cypselidae  magni  florentia  regna  Q)rinthi ; 
praeterit  abruptas  Scironis  protinus  arces.  465 

infestumque  suis  dirae  testudinis  exit 
spelaeum  multoque  cruentas  hospite  cautes. 
iamque  adeo  tutum  longe  Piraeea  cernit, 
et  notas,  heu  heu  frustra,  respectat  Athenas. 

**'  odores  HL. 

*'^  me  ne  Htynt :  ne  ut  (nee  et  or  ut) :    ne   tu  .  .  .  tumu- 
labis  EUvs. 

«4g-45s  i}^  transposition  of  versea  as  indicated  in  the  text  is 
due  to  Sudhaus.     So  Vollmer. 

♦^"  livescunt  Heinsius :  labescunt  (labascunt). 

*^^  pristes  Barth  :  pestea  or  pisces. 

•55  sola  HAR:  Scyllain  Haupt. 

*"  incerto  Scaliger :  incepto.       *'*  resolata  Heinsius. 

**'  et  magni  Schrader.     Corinthum  Heyne. 

•**  heu  heu]  secum  heu. 
440 


CIRIS 

No  more  shall  my  temples  drip  ^vith  rich  myrrh,  nor 
shall  the  bridal  pine  kindle  its  pure  flames,  nor  shall 
the  Libyan  couch  be  strewn  with  Ass3'rian  purple. 
Chiefly  do  I  thus  complain :  even  yonder  earth,  that 
is  common  to  all,  will  not  entomb  me,  her  foster- 
child,  with  sprinkling  of  sand !  Might  not  I,  amid 
the  mothers  and  married  slave-women — might  not  I, 
amid  other  handmaids,  have  performed  their  task, 
and  for  thy  happy  wife,  whoe'er  she  be,  have  un- 
rolled the  spindles,  weighted  with  their  coils  ?  But 
O  that  at  least,  by  law  of  war,  thou  hadst  killed 
me,  thy  captive !  Now,  pray,  now,  O  Minos,  give 
heed  to  the  chances  of  human-kind  !  ^  Be  it  enough 
that  I,  and  I  alone,  have  looked  upon  thus  much 
misery  !  Grant  that  this  disaster  has  been  due  to 
me  by  fate,  or  has  come  by  uncertain  chance,  or  in 
fine  by  a  guilt  that  deserves  it :  aught  shall  I  believe 
rather  than  that  thou  hast  been  its  author !  " 

459  Meanwhile,  set  free  from  the  shore,  the  fleet 
glides  forth  ;  the  great  sails  swell  with  the  sudden 
Nortliwest ;  the  oar  bends  in  the  green  salt  water; 
the  feeble  wailing  of  the  weary  maid  dies  away  in 
the  long  voyage.  Behind  her  she  leaves  the  Isthmus, 
shut  in  with  its  narrow  throat,  the  rich  realm  at 
Corinth  of  the  great  son  of  Cypselus ;  ^  forthwith 
she  passes  Sciron's  steep  heights,  and  goes  beyond 
the  dread  tortoise's  cave,  so  fatal  to  her  fellow- 
citizens,  and  the  cliffs,  stained  with  the  blood  of 
many  a  guest.^  And  now  indeed  she  sees  afar  secure 
Piraeus,  and  looks  back — alas  !  alas  !  in  vain — upon 

'  She  means  that  no  human  being  has  ever  suffered  like 
her. 

2  Periander. 

3  The  robber  Sciron  used  to  throw  his  victims  to  a 
tortoise. 

411 


VIRGIL 

iam  procul  e  fluctu  Salaminia  suspicit  arva  470 

florentisque  videt  iam  Cycladas ;  hinc  Venus  illi 
Sunias,  hinc  static  contra  patet  Hermionea. 
linquitur  ante  alias  longe  gratissima  Delos 
Xereidum  matri  et  Neptuno  Aegaeo. 
prospicit  incinctam  spumanti  litore  Cythnon  475 

marmoreamque  Paron  viridemque  adlapsa  Donysam 
Aeginamque  simul  fsalutiferamque  Serijihum.       477 
iam  fesso  tandem  fugiunt  de  corpore  vires,  448 

et  caput  inflexa  lentum  cervice  recumbit, 
marmorea  adductis  livescunt  bracchia  nodis.  450 

aequoreae  pristes,  inmania  corpora  ponti, 
undique  conveniunt  et  glauco  in  gurgite  circum 
verbere  caudarum  atque  oris  minitantur  hiatu.       453 
fertur  et  incertis  iactatur  ad  omnia  ventis,  478 

(cumba  velut  magnas  sequitur  cum  parvula  classis 
Afer  et  hiberno  bacchatur  in  aequore  turbo),         480 
donee  tale  decus  formae  vexarier  undis 
non  tulit  ac  miseros  mutavit  virginis  artus 
caeruleo  pollens  coniunx  Neptunia  regno. 
sed  tamen  aeternum  squamis  vestire  puellam, 
infidosque  inter  teneram  committere  piscis  485 

non  statuit  (nimium  est  avidum  pecus  Amphitrites) : 
aeriis  potius  sublimem  sustulit  alis, 
esset  ut  in  terris  facti  de  nomine  Ciris, 
Ciris  Amyclaeo  formosior  ansere  Ledae. 

♦"  sementiferam    A-L.      The    verse    is  faulty.      VoUmer 
thinks  two  half  lines  are  lost  after  simul. 

*^*  vexarier  B :  vexavit  Z.     undis]  aegros  (aegram). 

***  aeternum  Kreunen :  alternat  Leo :  alternaus  VoUmer  : 
etemam  (externam).  **^  Amyclaeae  Heinsius. 

442 


CIRIS 

famous  Athens.  Now  at  a  distance,  rising  from  the 
flood,  the  fields  of  Salamis  she  espies,  lying  apart 
from  the  waves,  and  now  she  sees  the  shining 
Cyclades :  on  this  side  the  Venus  of  Sunium  opens 
to  her ;  on  that,  opposite,  Hermione's  town.^  Then 
she  leaves  Delos,  dearest  beyond  all  to  the  mother 
of  the  Nereids  and  to  Aegean  Neptune ;  ^  she  sees 
afar  Cythnus,  girt  with  foaming  shore,  and  draws 
near  to  marble-white  Paros  and  green  Donysa,  with 
Aegina  and  health-bringing  Seriphus.^  Now  at  length 
her  strength  flees  from  her  weary  frame,  her  head 
falls  back  heavy  on  her  bended  neck,  her  marble- 
white  arms  grow  livid  under  the  close-drawn  knots. 
Monsters  of  the  sea,  giant  forms  of  the  deep,  throng 
about  her  on  all  sides,  and  in  the  blue-grey  waters 
threaten  her  with  lashing  tails  and  gaping  mouths. 
Onward  she  moves,  tossed  to  and  fro  by  uncertain 
winds  (even  as  a  tiny  skiff"  when  it  follows  a  great 
fleet,  and  an  African  hurricane  riots  upon  the  wintry 
sea)  until  Neptune's  spouse,*  queen  of  the  azure 
realm,  brooked  it  not  that  such  a  beauteous  form 
should  be  harassed  by  the  waves,  and  transformed 
the  maiden's  hapless  limbs.  But  still  she  purposed 
not  to  clothe  the  gentle  maid  with  scales  for  ever, 
or  establish  her  amid  treacherous  fishes  (all  too 
greedy  is  Amphitrite's  flock) :  rather  she  raised  her 
aloft  on  airy  wings,  that  she  might  live  on  earth  as 
Ciris,  named  from  the  deed  wrought^ — Ciris,  more 
beauteous  than  Leda's  Amyclaean  swan. 

'  The  poet  incorrectly  substitutes  Venus  (Aphrodite)  for 
Athena,  who  had  a  temple  on  Cape  Sunium.  Hermione  was 
in  the  Argolid.  *  cf.  Aen.  in.  74. 

'  An  allusion,  probably,  to  the  story  of  Danao  and  Perseus, 
whose  ark  was  washed  upon  the  coast  of  Seriphus. 

*  Amphitrite. 

'  Ciris  is  from  Ktlpfiv,  "cut"  or  "  shear." 

4t3 


VIRGIL 

Hie  velut  in  niveo  tenera  est  cum  primitus  ovo  490 
effigies  aniruantis  et  intemodia  membris 
imperfecta  novo  fluitant  concreta  calore, 
sic  liquido  Scyllae  circunifusum  aequore  corpus 
semiferi  incertis  etiam  nunc  partibus  artus 
undique  mutabant  atque  undique  mutabantur.       495 
oris  honos  primum  et  multis  optata  labella 
et  patulae  frontis  species  concrescere  in  unum 
coepere  et  gracili  ment  jns  producere  rostro ; 
turn  qua  se  medium  capitis  discrimen  agebat, 
ecce  repente.  velut  patrios  iniitatus  honores,  500 

puniceam  concussit  apex  in  vertice  cristani; 
at  mollis  varios  intexens  pluma  colores 
marmoreum  volucri  vestivit  tegmine  corpus 
lentaque  perpetuas  fuderunt  bracchia  pinnris. 
inde  alias  partes  minioque  infecta  rubenti  505 

crura  nova  macies  obdusit  squalida  pelle 
et  pedibus  teneris  unguis  adtixit  acutos. 
et  tamen  hoc  demum  miserae  succurrere  pacto 
vix  fuerat  placida  Neptuni  coniuge  dignum. 
numquam  illam  post  haec  oculi  ^idere  suorum       510 
purpureas  ilavo  retinentem  vertice  vittas, 
non  thalamus  Svrio  fragrans  accepit  amomo, 
nullae  illam  sedes  :  quid  enim  cum  sedibus  illi  ? 
quae  simul  ut  sese  cano  de  guigite  velox 
cum  sonitu  ad  caelum  stridentibus  extulit  alls        515 
et  multum  late  dispersit  in  aequora  rorem, 
infelix  virgo  nequiquam  a  morte  recepta 
incultum  solis  in  rupibus  exigit  ae\'um, 
rupibas  et  scopulis  et  Htoribus  desertis. 

**^  s^ivaxatuT  BHL.  '"'  purpuream  ^ 'i. 

••'  mansarum  A'L. 

*•*  novamque  acies  (em^.     pellem  (pellis).      *"•"■  placide. 
'"  Syrio  Ascensiui :  Tvrio.     flagrans. 
•1'  cum  Heiiiiius  :  iam. 
*"  a  Aldine  edition  1534.  omitted  in  MSS. 
Hi 


CIRIS 

*^°  Hereon,  as  when  at  first  in  a  snowy  egg  there 
is  the  soft  outline  of  a  living  thing,  and  the  limbs' 
imperfect  junctures,  as  they  grow  together  in  un- 
wonted lieat,  float  about,  yet  incomplete ;  so  with 
Scylla's  body,  encompassed  by  the  waters  of  the 
deep,  while  the  parts  were  even  yet  uncertain,  the 
half-human  joints  were  changing  it  throughout,  and 
throughout  were  being  changed.  First,  the  lovely 
face  and  those  lips  yearned  for  by  many,  and  the 
broad  brow's  charm,  began  to  grow  together  and  to 
prolong  the  chin  with  a  slender  beak.  Then,  where 
on  the  head  the  line  appeared  that  parts  the  hair  in 
equal  portions,  lo  !  of  a  sudden,  as  if  copying  her  sire's 
glory,  on  her  crown  a  tuft  waved  its  crimson  crest, 
while  soft  plumes,  blending  varied  hues,  clothed  her 
marble-white  body  with  vesture  of  wings,  and  the 
feeble  arms  put  forth  long  feathers.  Then  other 
pai'ts  and  the  legs,  coloured  with  blushing  crimson, 
an  unfamiliar  leanness  overlaid  with  rough  skin,  and 
to  the  tender  feet  fastened  sharp  nails.  And  yet 
to  succour  the  hapless  maiden  in  this  manner  only 
was  scarce  worthy  of  Neptune's  gentle  spouse. 
Never  hereafter  did  the  eyes  of  her  kin  behold  her 
tying  back  her  purple  fillets  upon  her  golden  head  ; 
no  chamber,  fragrant  with  Syrian  spice,  no  home 
welcomed  her ;  what,  indeed,  had  she  to  do  with 
home  ?  And  soon  as  from  the  hoary  tide  with  speed 
and  uproar  she  arose  to  the  sky  on  whirring  wings, 
and  far  and  wide  has  scattered  a  cloud  of  spray  o'er 
the  v/aters,  the  hapless  maid,  vainly  recovered  fi'om 
death,  lives  her  wild  life  among  the  lonely  rocks — 

the  rocks  and  cliffs  and  deserted  shores. 

44.5 


VIRGIL 

Nee  tamen  hoc  ipsum  poena  sine:  namque  deum  rex. 
omnia  qui  imperio  terrarum  milia  versat.  521 

commotus  talem  ad  superos  volitare  puellam,. 
cum  pater  exstinctus  caeca  sub  nocte  lateret, 
illi  pro  pietate  sua  (nam  saepe  nitentum 
sanguine  taurorum  supplex  resperserat  aras,  525 

saepe  deum  largo  decorarat  munere  sedes) 
reddidit  optatam  mutato  corpore  \-itam 
fecitque  in  terris  haliaeetos  ales  ut  esset : 
quippe  aquilis  semper  gaudet  deus  ille  coruscis. 
huic  vero  m^iserae,.  quoniam  damnata  deorum         530 
iudicio.  fatique  et  coniugis^  ante  luisset^ 
intesti  apposuit  odium  crudele  parentis, 
namque  ut  in  aetherio  signorum  munere  praestans, 
unum  quern  duplici  stellatum  sidere  \idi, 
Scorpios  altemis  clarum  fugat  Oriona ;  535 

sic  inter  sese  tristis  haliaeetos  iras 
et  Ciris  memori  servant  ad  saecula  fate, 
quacumque  ilia  levem  fugiens  secat  aeihera  pinnis, 
ecce  inimicuS;  atros,  magno  stridore  per  auras 
insequitur  Nisus ;  qua  se  fert  Nisus  ad  auras,         540 
ilia  levem  fugiens  raptim  secat  aethera  pinnis. 

'*"  ipsmn  B- :  iterum  JS^AR  [explained  by  VoUmtr  as 
re/eT-ring  to  her  su^ftrings  afttr  the  metamorphosis), 

*^  snperos]  celmn  B^. 

***  nitentam  edition  of  1-507  :  videmus :  rigentum  Ellit. 

'^  respexerat  BIP^.   'auras  BE  LA. 

***  Ion  go  decora  vit  AR.     sedem  A^. 

***  aqmlis]  aliis  B^ :  aliqxiis  HA  ^R.     coruscus, 

^*^  fatique  E.  B.  Green-e :  patrisque  Heynt :  patriaeqne 
Smig :  pactique  { =  plighted)  Ellis  :  natique. 

***  limine  Schrader. 

"*  st-ellatnm  Jun'.ine  edi-iion  :  stellanmi. 

*«  fagat  B:  fu^ant.  ":  {^x^^ 

***  aera  AR.      "  *"  aera  AS. 


U6 


CIRIS 

'•-'*  Yet  even  this  not  without  penalty:  for  the  king 
of  the  gods,  who  with  his  power  sways  all  regions  of 
the  world,  being  grieved  that  a  maid  so  wicked 
should  be  flitting  to  the  world  above,  while  under 
dark  night's  cover  her  father's  light  was  quenched, 
unto  him  by  reason  of  his  piety  (for  oft  with  the 
blood  of  sleek  bulls  had  he  suppliantly  besprinkled 
the  altars,  and  oft  with  lavish  gifts  had  he  adorned 
the  homes  of  the  gods)  granted  under  changed  form 
the  life  he  had  craved,  and  suffered  him  to  be  on 
earth  a  winged  sea-eagle,  for  in  lightning-swift  eagles 
that  god  ever  delights.  But  upon  that  unhappy  maid, 
since  she  had  first  been  condemned  by  judgment  of 
the  gods,  of  fate  and  of  her  husband,^  he  laid  an 
angry  father's  relentless  hate.  For  even  as,  amid 
the  grandeur  of  heaven's  constellations,  the  glorious 
Scor})ion,  which  alone  I  have  seen  bestarred  with 
two-fold  brilliance,  puts  to  rout  in  alternate  strife 
the  gleaming  Orion :  so  the  sea-eagle  and  the  Ciris, 
with  ever  remindful  fate,  maintain  the  fierceness  oi 
mutual  wrath  from  age  to  age.  Wherever  she  flees, 
cleaving  the  light  air  with  her  wings,  lo  !  savage  and 
ruthless,  with  loud  whirr  Nisus  follows  through  the 
sky  ;  where  Nisus  mounts  skyward,  she  flees  in  haste, 
cleaving  the  light  air  with  her  wings.^ 

*  Minos  was  the  coniimx  (to  be)  of  Seylla. 
8  Lines  538-541  =  Georgics,  i.  406-9. 


447 


COPA^ 

CoPA  Suriscaj  caput  Graeca  redimita  mitella, 

crispum  sub  crotalo  docta  movere  latus, 
ebria  fumosa  saltat  lasciva  tabema. 

ad  cubitum  raucos  excutiens  calamos  : 
•■'  quid  iuvat  aestivo  defessum  piuvere  abesse  ?  5 

quam  potius  bibulo  decubuisse  toro  ? 
sunt  topia  et  kalvbaej  cyathi,  rosa^  tibia,  chordae, 

et  triclia  umbrosis  frigida  hamndiaibus. 
en  et  Maenalio  quae  garrit  dulce  sub  antro 

rustica  pastoris  fistula  in  ore  sonat.  10 

est  et  rappa,  cado  nuper  defusa  picato, 

et  strepitans  raueo  murmure  rivus  aquae, 
sunt  et  cum  croceo  violae  de  flore  coroEae 

sertaque  purpurea  lutea  mixta  rosa 
et  quae  virgineo  libata  Achelois  ab  amne  15 

lilia  vimineis  attulit  in  calathis. 
sunt  et  caseoli;  quos  iuncea  fiscina  siccat, 

sunt  autumnali  cerea  pruna  die 
ca.5taneaeque  nuce^  et  suave  rubentia  mala, 

est  hie  munda  Ceres,  est  -\mor,  est  Bromius.        20 

•  fmnosa  M :  f amosa  SFL. 

'  kalybae  ( =  caXv3(u)  Reichenbach :   MSS.    havt   kalibes, 
calybes,  chalybes,  or  calices.        "  in  ore  SFL :  more  Jf. 
"  et  cum  croceo  Ijeo :  etiam  croceo. 


•  For  the  MSS.  se*  the  opening  note  on  the  Dirat. 
*4S 


COPA^ 

Syhisca,  the  innkeeper,  her  head  bound  with  Greek 
kerchief,  trained  as  she  is  to  sway  her  tremulous 
limbs  to  the  notes  of  her  castanets,  within  her  smoky 
tavern  tipsily  dances  in  wanton  wise,  shaking  against 
her  elbow  her  noisy  reeds :  ^  "  What  boots  it  to  stay 
outside,  wlien  aweary  with  the  summer's  dust,  rather 
than  to  recline  on  the  thirsty  couch  of  grass  ?  ^  There 
are  garden  nooks  and  arbours,  mixing-cups,  roses, 
flutes,  lyres,  and  cool  boAvers  with  shady  canes.  Lo ! 
too,  the  pipe,  which  twitters  sweetly  within  a  Maena- 
lian  *  grotto,  sounds  its  rustic  strain  in  a  shepherd's 
mouth.  There  is  fresh  wine,  too,  just  drawn  from 
the  pitched  jar,  and  a  water-brook  running  noisily 
with  hoarse  murmur ;  there  are  also  chaplets  of 
violet  blossoms  mixed  with  saffron,  and  yellow  gar- 
lands blended  with  crimson  roses  ;  and  lilies  bedewed 
by  a  virgin  stream,  which  a  nymph  ^  has  brought  in 
osier-baskets.  There  are  little  cheeses,  too,  dried  in 
a  basket  of  rushes;  there  are  waxen  plums  of  autumn's 
season,  and  chestnuts  and  sweetly  blushing  apples ; 
there  is  Ceres'  pure  gift,  with  Love  and  Bacchus; 

^  This  interesting  little  poem,  written  in  elegiac  couplets, 
was  attributed  to  Virgil  by  the  grammarian  Chaiisius. 

^  The  castanets  were  made  of  pieces  of  reed  or  wood. 

3  cf.  "  viridante  toro  .  .  .  hef-bae"  {Am.  V.  388). 

*  cf.  Georgics,  i.  17  ;  Eclogues,  viii.  21. 

5  As  Achelous  is  used  for  aqua  in  general  [cf.  Georgics,  I. 
9),  so  Acheloia  is  used  for  a  water-nymph  or  Naiad  ;  c/. 
Eclogues,  ii,  45,  46. 

VOL.   II.  O     O 


VIRGIL 

sunt  et  mora  cruenta  et  lentis  uva  racemis, 

et  pendet  iuiico  caeruleus  cucumis. 
est  tiigui'i  custos.  armatus  falce  saligna, 

scd  non  et  vasto  est  ingiiine  terribilis. 
hue,  Calybita,  veni :  lassus  iam  sudat  asellus  ;  2  j 

parce  illi :  Vestae  delicium  est  asinus. 
nunc  cantu  crebro  rumpunt  arbusta  cicadae, 

nunc  vai'ia  in  gelida  sede  lacerta  latet : 
si  sapis,  aestivo  recubans  nunc  prolue  vitro, 

sea  vis  crystalli  ferre  novos  calices.  SO 

hie  age  pampinea  fessus  requiesce  sub  umbra, 

et  gravidum  roseo  necte  caput  strophio, 
formosum  tenerae  decerpens  era  puellae. 

a  pereat,  cui  sunt  prisca  supercilia  I 
quid  cineri  ingrato  servas  bene  olentia  serta  ?  So 

anne  coronato  vis  lapide  ista  tegi?  " 
"  pone  merum  et  talos.      pereat,  qui  crastina  curat  ' 

Mors  aurem  vellens  "'  vivite  '  ait,  '  venic'  " 

2^  hue  M :  huic  iS. 

^*  Yestae  Toss:  vestrae. 

**  variaJ/^;  vero5;  vere  Z  ;  \c'pv\^  Ellis :  vepruta  Haupt. 

*'  mine]  te  Paris  S205.  '^  hie  S :  eia  or  hia. 

*•*  ore  S. 

'*  ista]  ossa  Hgen.  tegi]  iegi  Wern-^dorJT,  rcho  refers  ista  to 
serta.  "  Wouldst  have  them  culled  at  the  crowning  of  thy 
tomb?" 

"  Va'lmcr  gives  this  verse  only  to  the  traveller,  making 
V.  3S  an  epilogue.  Other  editom  carry  (he  inn-keeper's  speech 
through  to  tht  end. 


450 


CO  PA 

there  are  blood  red  mulberries  with  grapes  in  heavy 
clusters, and  from  its  stalk  hangs  the  blue-grey  melon. 
There  is  the  cot's  guardian/  armed  with  sickle  of 
willow,  but  not  to  be  feared  is  he,  for  all  his  huge 
groin. 

2^  "  Come  hither,  priest  of  Cybele  !  ^  Now  thy 
wearied  ass  is  sweating  ;  spare  him  :  the  ass  is  Vesta's 
delight.'  Now  with  constant  song  the  cicalas  rend 
the  thickets;''  now  the  s2iotted  lizard  lurks  in  her 
cool  retreat :  if  thou  art  wise,  lay  thee  down  now 
and  steep  thyself  in  a  bowl  of  summer-time,^  or  in 
fresh  crystal  cups,  if  thou  wishest  them  brought. 
Come ;  rest  here  thy  wearied  frame  beneath  the 
shade  of  vines,  and  entwine  thy  heavy  head  in  a 
garland  of  roses,  sweetly  snatching  kisses  from  a 
tender  maiden's  lips.  Ah  !  away  with  him  that  has 
the  sternness  of  early  days !  Why  keepest  the  frag- 
rant wreaths  for  thankless  ashes  f  VVouldst  have 
those  limbs  covered  with  a  crowned  tombstone?"'' 

'^  "Set  forth  the  wine  and  dice  !  Away  with  him 
who  heeds  the  morrow !  Death,  plucking  the  ear, 
cries  :  *  Live  ;  I  come  ! '  " 

^  Priapus. 

^  Used  jocularly,  tlie  galli  or  priests  of  Cybele  having  a 
reputation  as  vagabonds  or  beggars. 

^  Because,  according  to  the  story,  his  bra3'ing  warned 
Vesta  of  an  assault  by  Priapus  (r/.  Ovid,  Fasti,  vi.  311  ff.). 

*  cf.  Gtorgics,  in.  328.  '  i.e.  one  of  unusual  size. 

'  Garlands  were  laid  on  tombstones ;  cf.  Propertius, 
III.  xvi.  23.  The  copa  asks  the  traveller  to  have  the 
wreaths  used  for  a  feast,  not  for  a  funeral.  He  is  supposed 
to  yield  to  her  allurements,  and,  citing  an  Epicurean  maxim, 
to  fling  discretion  to  the  winds. 


4.51 
Q  o  2 


xMORETUM* 

Iam  nox  hibemas  bis  quinque  peregerat  horas 

excubitorque  diem  canta  praedixerat  ales, 

Simylus  exigui  cultor  cum  rustictis  agri, 

tristia  venturae  metuens  ieiimia  lucis, 

membra  levat  \'ili  sensim  demissa  grabato  5 

sollicitaque  nianu  tenebras  explorat  inertis 

vestigatque  focum^  laesus  quem  denique  sentit. 

par\Tilus  exusto  remanebat  stipite  fumus 

et  cinis  obductae  celabat  lumina  prunae. 

admovet  his  pronam  submissa  fronte  lucernam         10 

et  producit  aca  stuppas  umore  carentes, 

excitat  et  crebris  lai^gaentem  flatibus  ignem. 

tandem  concepto,.  sed  vix,  fiilgore  recedit, 

oppositaque  manu  Imuen  defendit  ab  aura 

et  reserat  clausae  quae  pervidet  ostia  clavis.  15 

fiisus  erat  terra,  frumenti  pauper  acervus  : 

hicc  sibi  depromit.  quantum  mensura  patebat, 

quae  bis  in  octonas  excurrit  pondere  libras. 

Inde  abit  adsisritque  molae  pan^aque  tabella, 
quam  fixam  paries  illos  servabat  in  usus,  20 

'  sentit  M:  sensir.  *  fninus]  tomes  Scaiiger. 

IS  sed  vix  Buchder:  sed  lux.        ^»  elavi  ff. 


*  Besides  F,  S,  L,  for  -which  see  ncte  at  the  opening  of 
the  Cvltx,  Vollmer  cites  P  =  Paris  16236  of  the  10th  cen- 
toTT  ;  D  =  Paris  7930  of  the  11th  centTirv  ;  i?  =  Vindob.  134 
452 


MORETUM 1 

Now  had  night  completed  ten  of  winter's  hours,  and 
with  his  crowing  tlie  sentinel  cock  had  proclaimed 
day's  advent,  when  Simylus,  the  rustic  tiller  of  a 
meagre  farm,  fearful  of  stern  hunger  on  the  coming 
morn,  slowly,  from  the  cheap  pallet  whereon  they 
were  outstretched,  uplifts  his  limbs,  and  with  anxious 
hand  feels  his  way  through  the  lifeless  night,  and 
gropes  for  the  hearth,  which  at  last,  not  unscathed, 
he  iinds.  From  a  burnt-out  log  still  lingered  a  tiny 
stream  of  smoke,  while  ashes  concealed  the  gleam 
of  buried  coals.  Bending  low  his  head,  to  these  he 
applies  his  lamp  aslant,  draws  out  with  a  needle  the 
dried-up  wick,  and  m  ith  many  a  puff  wakes  up  the 
sluggish  fire.  Rousing  at  last  a  gleam,  though  hard 
the  task,  he  draws  back,  and  with,  sheltering  hand 
guards  the  light  from  the  draught,  while  his  key, 
j)eeping  through,  uidocks  the  closet-door.  On  the 
ground  was  outpoured  a  poor  heap  of  corn  :  from  this 
he  helps  himself  to  as  much  as  the  measure,  which 
runs  up  to  sixteen  pounds  in  weight,  would  hold. 

13  And  now,  faring  forth,  he  takes  his  place  at  the 
mill    and  on   a    tiny  shelf,  firmly  fastened  for  such 

'  This  idyll  may  be  a  rendering  of  a  Greek  poem  by  Par- 
thenius.  The  subject  had  ah'eady  been  handled  by  Suevius 
early  in  the  first  century  B.C. 

of  the  11th  or  12th  century  ;  and  M  (embracing  two  Munich 
MSS.,  m  and  n,  of  the  11th  or  12l,h  century).  Otlier  MS8 
are  cited  by  Ellis. 

453 


VIRGIL 

lamina  fida  locat.     geminos  turn  veste  lacertos 
liberal  et  cinctus  \'illosae  tegmine  caprae 
penerrit  cauda  silices  gremiumque  molarum. 
advocat  inde  manus  operi.  partitus  utrimqae : 
laeva  ministerio.  dextra  est  iutenta  labori.  25 

haec  rotat  adsiduum  gyris  et  concitat  orbem 
(tunsa  Ceres  silicum  rapido  decurrit  ab  ictu), 
mterdum  fessae  succedit  laeva  sorori 
altematque  %'ices.     modo  rustica  carmina  cantat 
agrestique  suum  solatur  voce  laborem,  30 

interdum  clamat  Scybalen.     erat  unica  custos, 
Afra  genus,  tota  patriam  testante  figuraj 
torta  comam  labroque  tumens  et  fusca  colore^ 
pectore  lata,  iacens  mammis.  compressior  alvo, 
cruribus  exilis^  spatiosa  prodiga  planta.  35 

continuis  rimis  calcanea  scissa  rigebant. 
banc  vocat  atque  arsura  focis  im]X)nere  ligna 
imperat  et  fiamma  gebdos  adolere  liquores. 

Postquam  imple\-it  opus  iustum  versatile  finem^ 
transfert  inde  manu  tusas  in  cribra  farinas  40 

et  quatit.  ac  remanent  surmno  purgamina  dorso. 
subsidit  sincera  foraminibusque  liquatur 
emundata  Ceres.     \evi  turn  protinus  illam 
componit  tabula,  tepidas  super  ingerit  undas, 
contrahit  admixtos  nunc  fontes  atque  farinas,  45 

transversal  durata  manu  liquidoque  coacto 
interdum  grumos  spargit  sale,  iamque  subactum 

-*  tegmine  5;  tergore. 

-^  admovet.     utrimque  It.:  utrique  (utmmque  H), 

-*  haec]  hinc  //.     adsidois  H.  •'  calore. 

^*  pectora. 

5*  given  by  H  and  a/etr  other  MSS.  but  commonly  regarded 
as  an  inierftoJaiion. 

**  transferal,     inde]  ilia,     tusas  Wdf:  fusas. 

"  ac]  h(a)ec  :  et.  *'  sincere.  *'  emendata. 

«  fontes  FRM:  frondea  PDSL.  •'  gremio. 

V5i 


MORETUM 

needs  on  the  wall,  he  sets  his  trusty  light.  Tlien 
from  his  garment  he  frees  his  twin  arras,  and,  girt 
in  shaggy  goat's  hide,  with  tail-brush  he  carefully 
sweeps  the  stones  and  hollow  of  the  mill.  Next  he 
summons  his  two  hands  to  work,  dividing  them  be- 
tween the  two-fold  tasks  :  the  left  is  bent  on  serving 
the  grain,  the  right  on  piling  the  mill.^  This,  in 
constant  round,  turns  and  drives  the  wheel  (the 
grain,  bruised  by  the  stones'  swift  blows,  runs 
down) ;  the  left,  at  intervals,  seconds  her  wearied 
sister,  and  takes  her  turn.  Anon  he  sings  rustic 
songs,  and  with  rude  strains  solaces  his  toil ;  at 
times  he  shouts  to  Scybale.  She  was  his  only  help, 
African  in  stock,  her  whole  form  proclaiming  her 
country  :  her  hair  curly,  her  lips  swollen  and  her 
hue  dusky,  her  chest  broad,  her  breast  hanging  low, 
her  belly  somewhat  pinched,  her  legs  thin,  her  feet 
broad  and  ample.  Her  rough  shoes  were  torn  with 
many  a  rent.  Her  he  calls,  and  bids  her  place  on  the 
fire  fuel  to  burn,  and  over  the  flame  heat  cold  water. 
^^  Soon  as  the  revolving  mill  has  filled  up  the 
measure  due,  his  hand  then  transfers  to  a  sieve  the 
bruised  meal  and  shakes  it,  and  lo !  the  husks  remain 
on  the  upper  side.  The  corn,  clean  and  pure,  sinks 
down,  filtering  through  the  crevices.  Then  straight- 
way on  a  smooth  table  he  la3's  it  out,  pours  o'er  it 
warm  water,  packs  together  the  now  mingled  moisture 
and  meal,  kneads  it  by  hand  till  hardened  and,  the 
liquid  subdued,  from  time  to  time  sprinkles  the  heap 
with  salt.      And  now  he  smooths  off"  his  vanquished 

^  In  ancient  mills,  corn  was  ground  by  means  of  two 
stones,  the  lower  of  which,  called  meta,  was  sliaped  like  a 
cone.  The  lower  part  of  the  upper  stone  fitted  the  meta  like 
a  cap.  Poured  into  a  receptacle  above,  the  corn  passed 
through  a  small  hole  above  the  meta,  and  was  ground  on 
the  sides  of  the  latter. 

4.55 


VIRGIL 

levat  opus  palmisque  suum  dilatat  in  orbem 

et  notat  impressis  aequo  discrimine  quadris. 

infert  inde  foco  (Scvbale  mundaverat  aptum  50 

ante  locum)  testisque  tegitj  super  aggerat  ignis. 

dumque  suas  peragit  Volcanus  Vestaque  partes, 

Simylus  interea  vacua  non  cessat  in  hora, 

verum  aliam  sibi  quaerit  operUj  neu  sola  palato 

sit  non  grata  Ceres,  quas  iungat  comparat  escas.      55 

non  illi  suspensa  focum  camaria  iuxta, 

durati  sale  terga  suis  truncique  vacabant, 

traiectus  medium  sparto  sed  caseus  orbem 

et  vetus  adstricti  fascis  pendebat  anethi. 

ergo  aliam  molitur  opem  sibi  providus  beros.  60 

Hortus  erat  iunctus  casulae^  quern  vimina  pauca 
et  calamo  rediviva  le%i  munibat  harundo, 
exiguus  spatio,  variis  sed  fertdis  berbis. 
nil  illi  derat,  quod  pauperis  exigit  usas ; 
interdum  locupies  a  paupere  plura  petebat.  65 

nee  sumptus  erat  ullius,  sed  regula  curae  : 
si  quando  vacuum  casula  plu\iaeve  tenebant 
festave  lux.  si  forte  labor  cessabat  aratri, 
horti  opus  illud  erat.     varias  disponere  plantas 
norat  et  occultae  conmMttere  semiaa  terrae  70 

vicinosque  apte  cura  submittere  rivos. 
hie  holus,  hie  late  fundentes  bracchia  betae 
fecundusque  rumex  malvaeque  inulaeque  virebant, 
hie  siser  et  nomen  capiti  debentia  porra, 
[hie  etiam  nocuum  capiti  gelidumque  papaver,]        75 
grataque  nobilimn  requies  lactuca  cibortun, 

-'  focos.  '^  camalia. 

*•  heros]  aeris  SL  :  herbis  Ribheci. 

*'  redimita  H.  *^  plura]  multa  It. 

*«  ulb'us  (ullas  or  hoius)  opos  C  :  Mdhly  deleieJ  opus  :  illnd 
opus  Eflis,  Curcio.     recula  JUbb^ck. 

'*  This  terse  U  lacking  in  the  oldai  MSS. 
4^6 


MORETUM 

vvorkj  with  open  palms  broadens  it  into  its  rounded 
form,  and  marks  it  in  four  parts,  stamped  in  equal 
divisions.^  Then  he  puts  it  in  the  hearth  (Scybale 
first  had  cleaned  a  fitting  place),  and  covers  it  with 
tiles,  heaping  up  the  fire  above.  And  while  Vulcan 
and  Vesta  are  playing  their  part,  Simylus  meanwhile 
in  that  idle  hour  is  not  slack,  but  seeks  for  himself 
another  resource,  and  lest  Ceres  alone  should  not 
please  the  palate,  he  gathers  dainties  to  add  thereto. 
Near  his  hearth  no  larder  hung  from  the  ceiling ; 
gammons  and  slices  of  bacon  dried  and  salted  were 
wanting,  but  old  cheeses,  their  rounded  surface 
pierced  midway  with  rushes,  were  suspended  in 
baskets  of  close-woven  fennel.  Therefore  the  pru- 
dent hero  toils  to  provide  himself  with  another 
resource. 

^'^  Adjoining  the  cottage  was  a  gai'den,  sheltered 
by  a  few  osiers  and  reeds  of  slender  stalk,  ever 
springing  up  afresh :  small  in  extent,  but  rich  in 
various  herbs.  Naught  did  it  lack  that  a  poor  man's 
need  demands ;  at  times  the  wealthy  would  turn  to 
the  poor  man's  stock  for  more.  And  naught  did  he 
spend  tliereon,  but  his  daily  toil  was  his  guide  :  if 
ever  rains  or  a  holiday  kept  him  idle  in  his  cottage  ; 
if  perchance  the  labouring  j)lough  was  idle,  that 
time  fell  to  the  garden.  He  knew  how  to  set  out 
various  plants,  to  entrust  seeds  to  the  hidden  soil, 
and  about  his  plots  to  train  some  rills,  conveniently 
near.  Here  throve  cabbage,  here  beets,  their  arms 
far  outspread,  with  rich  sorrel,  malloAvs,  and  ele- 
campane ;  hei'e  skirret  and  leeks,  that  owe  their 
name  to  the  head,-  and  lettuce  that  brings  pleasing 

*  c/.  Aen.  VII.  115. 

'  The  porrum  capitatum  as  contrasted  with  the  porrum 
sectile,  the  latter  being  our  cut-leek  or  chives. 

457 


VIRGIL 

crescitque  in  acumina  radix 

et  gravis  in  latum  demissa  cucuvbita  ventrem. 
verum  hie  non  domini  (quis  enim  contractior  illo  }), 
sed  populi  proventus  erat,  nonisque  diebus  80 

venalis  umero  fascis  portabat  in  urbem  : 
inde  domum  cervice  levis,  gravis  acre  redibat, 
vix  umquam  urbani  comitatus  merce  macelli. 
caepa  rubens  sectique  famem  domat  area  porn, 
quaeque  trahunt  acri  voltus  nastartia  morsu,  85 

intibaque  et  Venerem  revocans  eraca  morantem. 
Tunc  quoque  tale  aliquid  meditans  intraverat 
hortum. 
ac  primum,  leviter  digitis  tellure  refossa, 
quattuor  educit  cum  spissis  alia  fibris ; 
inde  comas  apii  gracilis  rutamque  rigentem  QO 

vellit  et  exiguo  coriandra  trementia  filo. 
haec  ubi  collegit,  laetum  consedit  ad  ignem 
et  clara  famulam  poscit  raortaria  voce, 
singula  turn  capitum  nodoso  cortice  nudat 
et  summis  spoliat  coriis  contemptaque  passim  95 

spargit  humi  atque  abicit.    servatum  gramine  bulbum 
tinguit  aqua  lapidisque  cavum  dimittit  in  orbem. 
his  salis  inspargit  micas^  sale  durus  adcso 
caseus  adicitun  dictas  super  ingerit  herbas, 
et  laeva  vestem  saetosa  sub  inguina  fulcit,  100 

dextera  pistillo  primum  fragrantia  mollit 
alia,  turn  pariter  mixto  terit  omnia  suco. 
it  manus  in  gyrum  :  paulatim  singula  vires 

'"  Inferior  ifSS.  attempt  to  remedy  the  defective  verse  thus 
(e.g  )  :  pliirima  crescit  ibi  surgitqiie  in  acumina  radix. 

'*  diniissa.  *"  profectus. 

*^  humore :  holerum.  *'  vacuus  (a)  mercede, 

5*  virentem,  H.  ^'  laetus  It. 

'^  adicit  CI.     in  gerniine  Schrader. 

''  ingerit  F^H :  inserit :  interit  EUin. 

lo"  inguine  S^L. 
458 


MORETUM 

relief  to  sumptuous  banquets  :  ^  here  sharp-pointed 
radish,  and  the  heavy  gourd,  that  swells  into  its 
broad  belly.  But  this  crop  was  not  for  the  owner 
(for  who  more  frugal  than  he  ?)  but  for  the  people  ; 
and  every  ninth  day  on  his  shoulders  he  would  carry 
faggots  to  town  for  sale.  Thence  lie  would  home 
return,  light  of  neck,  but  heavy  of  pocket,  and 
seldom  attended  by  the  city-market's  wares.  His 
hunger  red  onion  tames,  and  his  plot  of  cut-leek, 
and  nasturtium  that  with  sharp  taste  pinches  the 
face,  and  endive,  and  cole-wort  that  calls  back  a 
lagging  love. 

^"^  At  this  hour,  too,  with  some  such  plan  in  his 
thoughts  had  he  entered  the  garden.  At  first, 
lightly  digging  up  the  ground  with  his  fingers,  he 
draws  out  four  garlic  bulbs  with  thick  fibres,  then 
{)lucks  slender  parsley-leaves  and  unbending  rue, 
and  coriander,  trembling  on  its  scanty  stalk.  These 
culled,  he  sat  dov.n  by  the  pleasant  fire,  and  loudly 
calls  to  the  maid  for  a  mortar.  Then  he  strips  the 
single  heads  of  their  rough  membranes,  and  despoils 
them  of  the  outermost  skins,  scattering  about  on 
the  ground  the  parts  thus  slighted  and  casting  them 
away.  The  bulb,  saved  with  the  leaves,  he  dips  in 
water,  and  drops  into  the  mortar's  hollow  circle. 
Thereon  he  sprinkles  grains  of  salt,  adds  cheese 
hardened  with  consuming  salt,  and  heaps  on  top  the 
herbs  we  have  named ;  and  while  his  left  hand 
gathers  up  the  tunic  about  his  shaggy  flanks,  his 
right  first  crushes  with  a  pestle  the  fragrant  garlic, 
then  grinds  all  evenly  in  the  juicy  mixture.  Round 
and  round  passes  the  hand :  little  by  little  the  ele- 

'  Lettuce  was  eaten  at  the  close  of  a  feast,  though  from 
the  time  of  Martial  it  appeared  at  the  beginning  ;  c/. 
Martial,  xiii.  xiv. 

459 


VIRGIL 

depeidunt  propria^,  color  est  e  pluribus  unus, 

nee  totus  viridis,  quia  lactea  frusta  repugnant,       105 

nee  de  lacte  nitens^  quia  tot  variatur  ab  herbis. 

saepe  viri  naris  acer  iaculatur  apertas 

spiritus  et  simo  damnat  sua  prandia  voltu, 

saepe  manu  summa  lacriniantia  lumina  terget 

immeritoque  furens  dicit  convicia  fumo.  110 

Procedebat  opus  :  non  iam  salebrosus,  ut  ante, 
sed  gravior  lentos  ibat  pistillus  in  orbis. 
ergo  Palladii  guttas  instillat  olivi 
exiguique  super  \'ires  infundit  aceti 
atque  iterum  commiscet  opus  mixtumque  retractat.  115 
turn  demum  digitis  mortaria  tota  duobus 
circuit  inque  globum  distantia  contrahit  unum, 
constet  ut  effecti  species  nomenque  moreti. 

Eruit  interea  Scybale  quoque  sedula  panem, 
ouem  laetus  recipil  manibus^  pulsoque  tunore         120 
iam  famis  inque  diem  securus  Simylus  illara, 
ambit  crura  ocreis  paribus,  tectusque  galero 
sub  iuga  parentis  cogit  lorata  iuvencos, 
atque  agit  in  segetes  et  terrae  condit  aratrum. 

"s  frustra.  "'  tergit  D^RM. 

1"  non  SL:  nee.  "'  lenius  PSL.     orbem  R  It. 

"9  laetus]  lotis  It.  ^"  abit  P. 


460 


MORETUM 

ments  lose  their  peculiar  strength  ;  the  many  colours 
blend  into  one,  yet  neither  is  th.is  wholly  green,  for 
milk-white  fragments  still  resist,  nor  is  it  a  shining 
milky-white,  for  it  is  varied  by  so  many  herbs. 
Often  the  strong  odour  smites  the  man's  open 
nostrils,  and  with  wrinkled  nose  he  condemns  his 
breakfast  fare,  often  drawing  the  back  of  his  hand 
across  his  teai-ful  eyes,  and  cursing  in  anger  the 
innocent  smoke. 

^^^  The  work  goes  on  apace :  no  longer  in  uneven 
course,  as  before,  but  heavier  in  weight,  the  pestle 
moves  on  in  slower  circles.  Therefore  he  lets  fall 
upon  it  some  drops  of  Minerva's  oil,  pouring  o'er  it 
strong  vinegar  in  scanty  stream,  then  once  more 
stirs  up  the  dish  and  handles  the  mixture  afresh. 
And  now  at  length  he  passes  two  fingers  round  all 
the  mortar,  and  into  one  ball  packs  the  sundry  pieces, 
so  that,  in  reality  as  in  name,  there  is  fashioned  a 
perfect  viorelum} 

11^  Meanwhile  Scybale  too,  industrious  maid,  draws 
forth  the  bread,  which  he  gladly  welcomes  to  his 
hands;  and  now  that  fear  of  hunger  is  driven  away, 
care-free  for  the  day,  Simylus  dons  his  well-matched 
leggings  and  sheltering  cap,  forces  his  submissive 
bullocks  under  their  leather-bound  yokes,  and  drives 
them  to  the  fields,  there  in  the  earth  burying  his 
plough. 

'  Thus  is  designated  the  rustic  dish  of  herbs,  which  forms 
the  subject  of  this  curious  sketch.  Another  reference  to  the 
moretum  in  Latin  literature  is  in  Ovid,  Fasti,  iv.  ,"67,  where 
we  learn  that  the  mixture  was  used  at  the  feasts  of  Cybele, 
A  prose  description  is  given  in  Columella  (xii.  57). 


461 


DIKAE* 

Battare,  cycneas  repetmnus  carmine  voces: 
divisas  iterum  sedes  et  rura  canamus, 
rura^  quibus  diras  mdiximus,  inipia  vota. 
ante  lupos  rapient  haedi^  vituli  ante  leones, 
delphini  fugient  piscis,  aquilae  ante  columbas,  5 

et  conversa  retro  rerum  discordia  gliscet — 
multa  prius  fient  quam  non  mea  libera  avena, 
montibus  et  silvis  dicam  tua  facta^  Lycurge. 

"  Impia  Trinacriae  sterilescant  gaudia  vobis 
nee  fecunda,  senis  nostri  felicia  rura,  1 0 

semina  parturiant  segetes,  non  pascaa  colles, 
non  arbusta  novas  fniges,  non  pampinus  uvaSj 
ipsae  non  silvae  frondes,  non  flumina  montes." 

Rursus  et  hoc  iterum  repetamus,  Battare,  carmen: 

"  Effetas  Cereris  sulcis  condatis  avenas,  1 5 

pallida  flavescant  aestu  sitientia  prata, 
immatura  cadant  raniis  pendentia  mala ; 

'  mra  H :  dura.  *  rapiunt  J/  ;  -ant  FL, 

'  avena  SFL  :  sata  (fata)  M.     «  fata  MF, 
"  nostris  M.  ^'  sulci  It. 


*  The  principal  MS5.  cited  are  J/  (see  note  at  the  opening 
of  the  Maretum)  and  5,  F,  L  see  note  at  the  opening  of 
the  CuUx).  For  Z  and  3  see  note  ac  the  opening  of  the 
Cirit. 

462 


DIRAE  * 

O  Battarus,^  let  us  repeat  the  notes  of  the  swan  : 
again  let  us  sing  our  divided  homes  and  lands — those 
lands  whereon  we  have  pronounced  our  curses,  unholy 
prayers.  Sooner  shall  kids  prey  upon  wolves,  sooner 
calves  upon  lions;  sooner  shall  dolphins  flee  before 
fishes,  sooner  eagles  before  doves,  and  a  world-chaos, 
again  returning,  shall  burst  forth— yea,  many  things 
shall  befall,  sooner  than  my  shepherd's  reed  shall  be 
enslaved.  To  the  mountains  and  woods  will  I  tell 
thy  deeds,  Lycurgus.^ 

9  "  Unholy  and  unblest,  may  Trinacria's  joys  be- 
come barren  for  thee  and  thy  fellows,  and  may  the 
fruitful  seeds  in  our  old  master's  rich  lands  give  birth 
to  no  corn-crops,  the  hills  to  no  pastures,  the  trees  to 
no  fresh  fruits,  the  vines  to  no  grapes,  the  very  woods 
to  no  leafage,  the  mountains  to  no  streams  !  " 

^*  Once  more  and  yet  again,  O  Battarus,  let  us 
repeat  this  strain : 

"  Outworn  may  the  oats  of  Ceres  be  that  ye 
bury  in  the  furrows ;  pale  and  wan  may  the  meadows 
become,  parched  with  heat;  unripened  may  the 
drooping  apples  fall  from  the  boughs !     Let  leaves 

1  Tills  imprecatory  poem  belongs  to  the  beginning  of  the 
Augustan  age,  and  was  apparently  inspired  by  the  distribution 
of  lands  in  41  B.C.  Inasmuch  as  Virgil  lost  his  estate  at  this 
time,  the  poem  was  easily  assigned  to  him.     See  vol.  1,  p.  vii. 

2  Nothing  is  known  of  Battarus.  Ho  was  perhaps  a  neigh- 
bour, who,  like  the  poet,  was  dispossessed  of  his  farm. 

^  Lycurgus  is  one  of  the  soldiers  who  have  takeu  possession 
of  the  poet's  land.     c/.  the  plur.  in  11.  9  and  10. 

i63 


VIRGIL 

desint  et  silvis  frondes  et  fontibus  umor, 

nee  desit  nostris  devotum  carmen  avenis. 

haec  Veneris  vario  florentia  serta  decore,  20 

purpureo  campos  quae  ping^unt  vema  colore 

(hinc  aurae  dulces,  hinc  suavis  spiritus  agri) 

mutent  pestiferos  aestus  et  taetra  venena  ; 

dulcia  non  oculis,  non  auribus  ulla  ferantur." 

Sic  precor  et  nostris  superent  haec  carmina  votis:     25 

"  Lusibus  et  nostris  multum  cantata  libellis 
optima  silvanim.  formosis  densa  virectis^ 
tondebis  viridis  umbras  :  nee  laeta  comantis 
iactabis  mollis  ramos  inilantibns  auriSj 
nee  mihi  saepe  meimi  resonabit,.  Battare,  carmen   SO 
militis  impia  cum  succidet  dextera  ferro 
formosaeque  cadent  umbrae,  formosior  illis 
ipsa  cades,  veteris  domini  felicia  ligna, 
nequiquam  I  nostris  potius  devota  libellis, 
ignibus  aetheriis  flagrabis.     Jnppiter  (ipse  35 

luppiter  banc  aluit),  cinis  haec  tibi  fiat  oportet. 
Thraecis  txmi  Boreae  spirent  immania  rireS, 
Eurus  agat  mixtam  fulva  caligine  nubem, 
Africus  immineat  nimbis  minitantibus  imbrem, 
cum  tua  craneo  resplendens  aethere  silva  40 

non  iterum  discet,  crebro  quae,  Lydia,  dixlL 
\"icinae  flammae  rapiant  ex  ordine  \iiis, 

'*  carmen]  gramen  M. 

*^  pingunt  vema  Heinsiu-s :  picgit  avena. 

*^  mitt€iit  JLf.  **  iusibcs  Pui-tth  :  Indimns. 

**  tondebis  GronoriuB :  tondenms  ttiaideincs  or  tondentar) 

'*  snccedet  C  :  snccaedet  EUis.     •*  ca4ent  It. .-  cadunt. 

**  ipse,     regna  JLf.  •*  flagrabis  /.'. .-  fiagrabil. 

**  tibi]  a  lore  Machlj/  (haec  omitted). 

*•  m  CTaneo  resplendea  VoUmer. 

"  disc^t  crebro  qnae  etc  Eshjchi:   dicens   fl;   dic^  It. 
crebro  M :  erel>o  L  .-  nee  ero  "tua,''  Ljdia,  dici  EUis:  quae 
Esliichi :  toa  dizti  ^dia). 
464 


DIRAE 

fail  the  woods,  water  fail  the  streams,  but  let  the 
strain  that  curses  fail  not  my  reeds !  May  these 
flowery  garlands  of  Venus,  with  their  varied  beauties, 
which  in  spring-time  paint  the  fields  with  brilliant 
hues  (hence,  ye  sweet  breezes  :  hence,  ye  fragrant 
odours  of  the  field !) — may  they  change  to  blasting 
heats  and  loathsome  poisons ;  may  nothing  sweet  to 
eyes,  nothing  sweet  to  ears  be  wafted ! " 

2^  Thus    I    pray,  and   in   our   prayers    may  these 
strains  abound ! 

"O  thou  best  of  woods,  oft  sung  in  our  playful 
songs  and  verses,  thou  beauteous  in  thy  wealth  of 
green,  thou  shalt  shear  thy  green  shade  :  neither  shalt 
thou  boast  of  thy  soft  boughs'  joyous  leafage,  as  the 
breezes  blow  among  them,^  nor,  O  Battarus,  shall  it 
oft  resound  for  me  with  my  song.  When  with  his  axe 
the  soldier's  impious  hand  shall  fell  it,  and  the  lovely 
shadows  fall,  thyself,  more  lovely  than  they,  shalt  fall, 
the  old  owner's  happy  timber.  Yet  all  for  naught ! 
Rather,  accursed  by  our  verses,  thou  shalt  burn  with 
heaven's  fires.  O  Jupiter  ('twas  Jupiter  himself 
nurtured  this  wood),  this  must  thou  turn  into  ashes ! 
37  "Then  let  the  strength  of  the  Thracian  North 
blow  his  mighty  blasts ;  let  the  East  drive  a  cloud 
with  lurid  darkness  mixed ;  let  the  South-West 
menace  with  storm-clouds  threatening  rain,  when 
thy  woodland,  gleaming  in  the  dark-blue  sky,  shall 
not  learn  again  what  thou,  O  Lydia,"  hast  often 
uttered !     Let   neighbouring   flames  in    order    seize 

*  Ellis  takes  auris  as  dative :  "  toss  to  the  gales  that  blow 
music  into  th^y  soft-swaying  branches." 

*  Lydia  is  the  poet's  sweetheart. 

465 

VOL.  II.  H    H 


VIRGIL 

pascantiir  segetes,  diffusis  ignibus  auras 
trans\  olet,  arboribus  coniungat  et  ardor  aristas. 
pertica  qua  nostros  metata  est  impia  agelios,        45 
qua  nostri  fines  olim,  cinis  omnia  fiat." 

Sic  precor  et  nostris  superent  haec  camiina  votis  : 

"  UndaCj  quae  vestris  pulsatis  litora  lymphis, 
litora.  quae  dulcis  auras  diffunditis  agris, 
accipite  has  voces  :  migret  Neptunus  in  arva        50 
fluctibiis  et  spissa  campos  perfundat  harena. 
qua  Volcanus  agros  pastus  lovis  ignibus  arsit, 
barbara  dicatur  Libvcae  soror  altera  S}Ttis." 

Tristius  hoCj  memini,  revocasti,  Battare,  carmen  : 

"  Nigro  multa  mari  dicunt  portenta  natare,      55 
monstra  repentinis  terrentia  saepe  figuris^ 
cum  subito  emersere  furenti  corpora  ponto : 
haec  agat  infesto  Xeptunus  caeca  tridenti,, 
atrum  convertens  aestum  maris  undique  ventis 
et  fuscum  cinerem  canis  cxhauriat  undis.  60 

dicantur  mea  rura  ferum  mare  ;  nauta,  caveto 
rura,  quibus  diras  indiximus,  impia  vota." 

Si  minus  haec,  Neptune,  toas  infundimus  auris, 
Battare,  fluminibus  tu  nostros  trade  dolores  : 
nam  tibi  sunt  fontes,  tibi  semper  flumina  amica.      65 
nil  est  quod  perdam  ulterius ;  merito  omnia  Ditis. 

"Flectite  currentis  nvmphas.  vaga  fluminaj  retro, 
flectite  et  adversis  rursum  diffundite  campis ; 

*'  auras  Heinsiua :  aurae.  **  ardor  It. :  arbor. 

*s  fiant  II. 

**  arsit  Iiitb€ck :  arcet :  ardet  Scaiiger. 
'*  revocasti  H :  rerocasset  n. 
^'  ferenti  5.  *'  infesto  It. :  infest ;. 

''  toas  fftinsitu :  tnia.  **  nostris  M. 

'^  flnmina  semper  S.  **  em  quod  pergam  ulteris  5. 

4-66 


DIRAE 

upon  the  vines,  let  the  crops  become  their  food, 
let  the  blaze  in  scattered  fires  wing  its  way  athwart 
the  breezes,  and  link  the  corn-ears  with  the  trees ! 
Where  the  unholy  rod  measured  our  fields,  where 
once  were  our  boundaries,  let  all  become  ashes  I " 

^^  Thus  I  pray,  and  in  our  prayers  may  these 
str.ains  abound  ! 

"O  waves,  that  with  your  waters  beat  the  shores; 
O  shores,  that  o'er  the  fields  scatter  sweet  breezes, 
give  ear  to  these  cries.  Let  Neptune  with  his  waves 
pass  to  the  tilth,  and  with  thick  sand  cover  the  fields! 
VVhei-e  Vulcan,  feeding  on  the  lands,  has  burned  with 
heaven's  fires,  be  it  called  a  sister  of  the  Libyan  sand, 
a  second  Syrtis  !  " 

^*  Tliis  sadder  strain,  O  Battarus,  I  remember  thou 
didst  recall : 

"  Many  fearsome  things,  they  say,  swim  in  the 
black  sea — monsters  that  oft-times  terrify  with  forms 
unlooked  for,  when  suddenly  they  have  reared  their 
bodies  from  out  the  raging  deep.  These  hidden 
things  may  Neptune  chase  with  threatening  trident, 
on  all  sides  uptui'ning  witli  the  winds  the  murky  sea- 
surge,  and  in  his  hoary  waves  swallowing  the  swarthy 
ashes  I  ^  Let  my  lands  be  called  the  .savage  sea  ;  be- 
ware, O  sailor,  of  lands,  whereon  we  have  pronounced 
our  curses,  unholy  prayers  !  " 

•^3  If  this,  O  Neptune,  we  do  not  pour  into  thy 
cars,  do  thou,  O  Battarus,  consign  our  sorrows  to  the 
streams ;  for  to  thee  the  springs,  to  thee  the  streams 
are  ever  friendly.  No  further  ruin  can  I  effect  ^;  to 
Dis  all  belongs  of  right. 

"  Turn  back  your  running  waters,  ye  roving 
streams;  turn  back,  and  pour  them  again  over  the 

^  i.  e.  left  by  the  fire  described  above. 
•  i.e.  by  my  curses. 

H    H    2 


VIRGIL 

incurrant  amnes  passim  rimantibcs  nndis 

nee  nostros  servire  sinant  erronibos  agros."  70 

Dulcius  hoc,,  memini,  revocasti.  Battare,  carmen : 

"  Emanent  sabito  sicca  teHure  paludes 
et  metat  hie  ioncos,,  spicas  ubi  legimns  olim ; 
cognlet  argnti  grvUi  cava  garrula  rana." 

Tristias  hoc  rorsiun  dicit  mea  fistula  carmen :  75 

"  Praecipitent  altis  fbmantes  montibas  imbres, 
et  late  teneant  di^cso  gorgite  campos, 
qui  dominis  infesta  minantes  stagna  relinquanL 
cum  delapsa  meos  agros  pervenerit  unda. 
piscetor  nostris  in  finibus  advena  arator.  80 

adrena,  civili  qui  semper  crimine  crevit." 

O  male  devoti  praetorum  crinune  ageili, 

taqae  inimica  pii  semper  Discordia  ciris : 

essul  ego  indemnatus  egeas  mea  rura  reliqoi, 

miles  at  accipiat  fimesti  prsemia  belli.  85 

hinc  ego  de  tomalo  mea  nira  noTissLma  visam, 

hine  ibo  in  silvas  ;  obstabont  iam  mihi  colles, 

obstabant  montes,  campos  andire  licebit : 

''  Dulcia  rura  valete,  et  Lrdia  dolcior  iilis, 
et  casti  fontes  et  felii  nom.en  agellL"  90 

Tardius  a  miserae  descendite  monte  capeliae : 
moUia  non  iteram  carpetis  jiabula  nota ; 
taqae  resiste  pater,     en  prima  novissima  nobis, 
intueor  campos :  longnm  manet  esse  sine  iUis. 

™  saTrire  EP-:  eiire  ML.  ''  iiin^as  spices  S. 

**  eognlet  L:  occaltet  5:  oeccpsu  iL 

*•  vpx  IL  :  quid  dominns  5.     relinqaant. 

^  casa  delapsa  bkos  BeJirtmsHem:  acde    (imd^e)   J'Jf5: 
lapsa  (dapsa)  meos  LM. 

^psscetoriSL  "  <aimm»  A 

•■  pii  SSis:  tu.  ■•  a»  ft.  •  et :  ilt  Birt 

•*  esses  2a 
i68 


DIRAE 

opposing  fields :  let  brooks  from  all  sides  rush  in 
with  deep-cleaving  waters,  nor  let  them  suffer  our 
lands  to  be  enslaved  to  vagabonds ! " 

^^  This  sweeter  strain,  O  Battarus,  I  remember 
thou  didst  recall : 

"Let  marshes  from  pai-ched  ground  suddenly  spring 
forth,  and,  where  once  we  gathered  corn-ears,  let 
this  man  reap  rushes ;  let  the  croaking  frog  sour  the 
chirping  cricket's  hollow  lairs  I  " 

^^  This  sadder  strain  my  pipe  gives  forth  in  turn : 

"  From  high  mountains  let  rains  rush  streaming 
down,  and  with  outspread  flood  v.idely  possess  the 
plains ;  then  with  menace  of  evil  to  their  lords  let 
them  leave  stagnant  pools !  When  the  wave,  gliding 
down,  reaches  my  fields,  then  let  the  stranger  plough- 
man fish  within  my  bounds — the  stranger,  who  has 
ever  waxed  rich  through  citizens  condemned  !  " 

^2  O  ye  fields  accursed,  ye  that  the  praetors  have 
condemned !  and  thou,  O  Discord,  ever  the  foe  of 
righteous  citizens  !  I,  a  needy  exile,  though  uncon- 
demned,  have  left  my  fields,  that  a  soldier  may  receive 
the  wages  of  deadly  war.  From  this  mound  will  I 
look  my  last  upon  my  lands  ;  from  this  will  I  pass  to 
the  woods;  soon  will  the  hills,  soon  will  the  mount- 
ains impede  my  view,  but  the  plains  will  be  able  to 
hear : 

"  Sweet  lands,  farewell !  and  thou,  Lydia,  farewell, 
sweeter  than  they,  and  ye,  pure  fountains,  and  ye 
fields  of  happy  name  !  " 

^^  Ah  !  more  slowly  come  down  from  the  hill,  ye 
poor  she-goats  :  never  again  shall  ye  browse  on  the 
soft  pastures  that  ye  know  so  well ;  and  do  thou,  sire 
of  the  flock,  stay  behind  !  Lo,  upon  the  plains,  my 
first  and  last  possession,  I  gaze  :  long  must  I  be  reft 
of  them  1 

46y 


VIRGIL 

"  Rura  valete  iterum, tuque  optima  Lvdia  salve,  95 
sive  ens  et  si  non.  mecum  morieris  utrumque." 

Extremum  carmen  revocemus,  Battare,  avena  : 

"  Dulcia  amara  prius  fient  et  mollia  dura, 
Candida  nigra  oculi  cernent  et  dextera  laeva, 
migrabunt  casus  aliena  in  corpora  rerum,  100 

quam  tua  de  nostris  emigret  cura  medullis. 
quamvis  ignis  eris,  quamvis  aqua,  semper  amabo: 
gaudia  semper  enim  tua  me  meminisse  iicebit." 

-'  fient  It. :  fiant. 
**  cement  It. :  cemant  ML. 
*'*  quamvis  nix  aderit  uh  (Ellit). 


i70 


DIRAE 

"  Once  more,  ye  fields,  farewell,  and  fare  thee 
well,  good  Lydia ;  whether  thou  wilt  live,  or  not,  in 
either  case  thou  wilt  die  with  me  !  " 

^^  Our  last  strain,  O  Battarus,  let  us  recall  on  the 
reed! 

"  Sweet  shall  become  bitter,  and  soft  hard ;  eyes 
shall  see  white  as  black,  and  right  as  left ;  atoms 
of  things  shall  pass  into  bodies  of  other  kinds,  ere 
regard  for  thee  pass  from  my  heart.^  Though  fire, 
though  water  thou  shalt  be,  ever  will  I  love  thee, 
for  ever  will  it  be  permitted  to  think  upon  thy 
joys !  " 

^  By  casus  rerum  he  means  the  dissohition  of  things  ;  hence 
the  atoms  of  a  body,  which,  when  reunited,  form  objects  of 
a  ditferent  kind.  This  is  therefore  a  reference  to  the  atomic 
theory  of  the  Epicureans. 


471 


LYDIA* 

Invideo  vobis,  agri  formosaque  prata, 
hoc  formosa  magis.  mea  quod  formosa  puella 
est  vobis  :  tacite  nostrum  suspirat  amorem. 
V03  nunc  ilia  videt,.  vobis  mea  Lydia  ludit, 
vos  nunc  alloquitur,  vos  nunc  arridet  ocellis 
et  mea  submissa  meditatur  carmina  voce, 
cantat  et  interea,  mihi  quae  cantabat  in  aurena. 

Invideo  vobis,  agri,  discetis  amare. 
O  fortunati  nimium  multumque  beati. 
in  quibus  ilia  pedis  nivei  vestigia  ponet  10 

aut  roseis  \-iridem  digitis  decerpserit  uvam 
(dulci  namque  tumet  nondum  vitecula  Baccho) 
aut  inter  varies.  Veneris  stipendia,  flores 
membra  reclinarit  teneramque  illiserit  lierbam, 
et  secreta  meos  furtim  narrabit  amores.  15 

gaudebunt  silvae,  gaudebunt  moUia  prata, 
et  gelidi  fontes,  aviumque  silentia  fient. 
tard;  bunt  rivi  labentes  (sistite  h-mpliae), 
dum  mea  iu  undas  exponat  cura  querelas. 

'  qaod  SL  :  quo  M. 

'  est  vobis]  in  vobis  Heinsiua :  ex  robia  Ellia. 
*i  digitis  viridem  SL.  ^*  dulci  H :  dulcia. 

"  veneris  H :  venerem  0.    stipendia  SL :  spumantia  M : 
dispendia  or  stipantia  It. 

^*  declinarit.  ^"  narrabis. 

^*  aistiteaS;  currite common/y  read .lapsantesgurgile^Zfe 

•  The   MSS.   give   the   Lydia   in   sequence  to  the  Dit-ae 
without  separate  title.     Jacobs  first  separated  the  two. 
478 


LYDIA^ 

I  ENVY  you,  ye  fields  and  lovely  meads,  for  this  more 
lovely  that  my  lovely  girl  is  yours :  in  silence  she 
sighs  for  my  love.  You  it  is  she  now  sees,  with  you 
my  Lydia  plays,  to  you  she  now  makes  speech,  on 
you  she  now  smiles  with  those  dear  eyes,  and  cons 
my  songs  with  voice  subdued,  and  sings  the  while 
those  strains  she  was  wont  to  sing  into  my  ear. 

^  I  envy  you,  ye  fields ;  ye  will  learn  to  love.  O 
fields,  too  happy,  yea,  much  blest,  in  which  she  will 
set  her  snowy  footsteps,  or  with  rosy  fingers  will 
pluck  the  green  grape  (for  not  yet  swells  the  little 
vine  with  sweet  juice),  or  amid  varied  flowers,  tribute 
to  Venus,  she  will  lay  down  her  limbs  and  crush  the 
tender  grass,  and  apart  by  herself  will  stealthily  re- 
count the  tale  of  my  love.  The  woods  will  rejoice,  the 
soft  meadows  and  cool  springs  will  rejoice,  and  the 
birds  will  make  a  silence.  The  gliding  brooks  will 
pause  (stay,  ye  waters !)  till  my  heart  sets  forth  its 
sweet  complaints. 

*  This  sentimental  lament  is  indep<;ndent  of  the  Dirae,  but 
came  to  be  associated  with  that  poem  because  the  name 
"Lydia"  is  common  to  both  compositions. 

473 


VIRGIL 

In\adeo  vobis,  agri :  mea  gaudia  habetis,  20 

et  vobis  nunc  est  mea  quae  fuit  ante  voluptas. 

at  mihi  tabescunt  morientia  membra  dolore, 

et  calor  infuso  decedit  frigore  mortis^ 

quod  mea  non  mecum  domina  est.    non  ulla  puella 

doctior  in  terris  fuit  aut  formosior  ;  ac  si  25 

fabula  non  vana  est,  tauro  love  digna  vel  auro 

(luppiter  avertas  aurem)  mea  sola  puella  est. 

Felix  taure,  pater  magni  gregis  et  decus,  a  te 
vaccula  non  umquam  secreta  cubilia  captans 
frustra  te  patitur  silvis  mugire  dolorem.  30 

et  pater  haedorum  felix  semperque  beate, 
sive  petis  montis  praeruptos,  saxa  pererrans, 
sive  tibi  silvis  nova  pabula  fastidire 
sive  libet  campis  :  tecum  tua  laeta  capella  est. 
et  mas  quacumque  est,  Uli  sua  femina  iuncta  35 

interpellatos  numquam  ploravit  amores. 
cur  non  et  nobis  facilis,  natura,  fuisti  ? 
cur  ego  crudelem  patior  tarn  saepe  dolorem  ? 

Sidera  per  viridem  redeunt  cum  pallida  mundum, 

inque  vicem  Phoebi  currens  abit  aureus  orbis,  40 

Luna,  tuus  tecum  est :  cur  non  est  et  mea  mecum  ? 
Luna,  dolor  nosti  quid  sit :  miserere  dolentis. 
Phoebe,  gerens  nam  laurus  celebravit  amorem ; 
et  quae  pompa  deum,  non  silvis  fama,  locuta  est  ? 
(omnia  vos  estis)  secum  sua  gaudia  gestat  45 

'*  mihi  Aldine  edition  1517  :  male  (mala),     tabescunt  It. : 
tabescant.  **  ulla  H :  ilia. 

^^  silvis  L  :  silvas  5  .•  si  vis  J/. 

**  quacumque  Ellis :  quocumque  (quicunque  It. ). 

'"  fuisti  Sahnuiitis :  fuisset. 

*°  currens  abit  Eskiichi :  currens  atque  :  coieus  atque  Ellis. 

**  tuus  h :  tui. 

''  uam  Ellis  ■  in  te.     celebravit  MFL :  celebrabis  Scaligtr. 

**  quae]  qua  eat  VoUmtr.     non  It. :  nisi  fl. 
+74 


LYDIA 

^^  I  envy  you^  ye  fields  ;  my  joys  ye  possess,  and 
now  ye  have  her,  who  aforetime  was  my  delight. 
But  my  dying  limbs  are  wasting  with  grief,  and 
warmth  fails  me,  steeped  in  the  chill  of  death, 
because  my  mistress  is  not  with  me.  No  girl  on 
earth  was  more  skilled  or  more  lovely ;  and,  if  the 
tale  be  not  false,  then  worthy  of  Jupiter  as  bull  or 
as  gold  ^  (turn  thine  ear  aside,  O  Jupiter !),  is  my 
girl  alone. 

2S  O  happy  bull,  sire  and  pride  of  the  mighty  herd, 
never  does  the  heifer,  seeking  stalls  apart,  suffer  thee 
to  low  thy  grief  vainly  to  the  woods.  And  thou, 
sire  of  the  kids,  happy  and  ever  blest,  whether  thou, 
roaming  o'er  the  rocks,  seekest  the  steepy  mountains 
or  whether,  in  woods  or  on  plains,  it  please  thee  to 
scorn  fresh  forage :  with  thee  is  thy  happy  mate. 
And  wherever  is  a  male,  with  him  is  ever  joined  his 
mate,  and  never  has  he  bewailed  an  interrupted  love. 
Why,  O  Nature,  hast  thou  not  with  us  too  been  kind  r 
Why  so  oft  do  I  suffer  cruel  grief? 

39  When  through  the  green  heavens  the  pale  stars 
come  back,  and  in  turn  the  golden  orb  of  Phoebus 
departs  on  his  course,  thy  love,^  O  Moon,  is  with 
thee  :  why  is  not  mine  also  with  me  ?  O  Moon,  thou 
knowest  what  grief  is  :  pity  one  who  grieves.  For  he 
who  bears  thee,^  O  Phoebus,  celebrates  love  for  the 
laurel ;  and  what  procession  has  told  the  story  of  a 
god,  when  fame  has  not  told  it  in  the  woods  ?  A  god 
(ye  gods  are  everywhere)  carries  his  joys  *  with  him, 

'  A  reference  to  the  myths  of  Europa  and  Danae. 
"^  Endymion,  whom  Luna  visited  on  Mount  Latmos. 

*  i.e.  thy  image  in  procession.  Daphne,  fleeing  from  the 
attention  of  Phoebus  Apollo,  was  changed  into  a  laurel. 

*  e.g.  Apollo  carries  with  him  the  laurel,  and  Pan  hia 
pipefi. 

475 


VIRGIL 

aut  insparsa  \idet  mundo:  quae  dicere  longum  est. 
aurea  quin  etiam  cum  saecula  volvebantur 
condicio  similisque  foret  mortalibus  illis, 
haec  quoque  praetereo :  notum  Minoidos  astrum 
quaeque  virum  virgo,  sicut  captiva,  secuta  est.         50 
laedere,  caelicolae.  potuit  vos  nostra  quid  aetas, 
condicio  nobis  vitae  quo  durior  esset  r 

Ausus  ego  primus  castos  ^dolare  pudores, 
sacratamque  meae  \ittam  temptare  puellae, 
immatura  mea  cogor  nece  solvere  fata  ?  55 

istius  atque  utinam  facti  mea  culpa  magistra 
prima  foret :  letum  vita  mihi  dulcius  esset, 
non  mea,  non  uUo  moreretur  tempore  fama, 
dulcia  cum  ^'ene^is  furatus  gaudia  primum 
dicerer,  atque  ex  me  dulcis  foret  orta  voluptas.        6o 
nam  mihi  non  tantum  tribuerunt  invida  fata, 
auctor  ut  occuiti  noster  foret  error  amoris. 

luppiter  ante,  sui  semper  mendacia  factus, 
cum  lunone,  prius  coniunx  quam  dictus  uterque  est, 
gaudia  libavit  dulcem  furatus  amorem  65 

et  moechum  tenera  gavisa  est  laedere  in  herba 
purpureos  flores,  quos  insuper  accumbebat, 
Cvpria,  formoso  supponens  bracchia  collo. 
turn,  credo,  fuerat  Mavors  distentus  in  armis, 
nam  certe  ^'olcanus  opus  faciebat,  et  ille  70 

tdsti  turpabat  malam  ac  fuligine  barbam. 

«5  foret]  fuit  Bibbech.  "  egon  It. 

'*  rittam  Ascensius  1507  :  vitam. 
**  mea  Hauxit :  me  or  meae.     fata  MFL :  facta  S. 
"  facti  ML:  fati  F:  facta  i'.  "  nUo]  nullo. 

*i  invida  fata  Hein^ius :  impia  vota.         "  sui]  cui  Curcio. 
**  moechum  Ba-threns :  mecum  (mea  cum). 
*'  occumbebat  F.  **  bracchia  It. :  gaudia  CI. 

••  ille  Pei)y  [Curcio):  illi. 
'*  malam  ac  I'o^'mer:  mala  {vmihovA  ac). 
476 


LYDIA 

or  sees  them  scattered  through  the  world — to  tell 
these  would  be  a  tedious  task.  Nay  more,  when  the 
golden  ages  rolled  their  course,  and  mortals  of  those 
days  were  under  like  conditions — this  also  I  pass 
over  :  well  we  know  the  star  of  Minos'  daughter, 
and  the  maiden  who,  as  captive,  followed  her  lord.^ 
Wherein,  O  denizens  of  heaven,  could  our  age  have 
injured  you,  that  therefore  life's  conditions  should 
be  harder  for  us  ? 

^3  Was  I  the  first  wlio  dared  to  sully  the  chaste 
purity  and  assail  the  hallowed  fillet  ^  of  his  love,  that 
by  my  death  I  am  forced  to  j:»ay  the  due  of  an  untimely 
Fate  ?  And  O  that  my  fault  were  the  first  promjiter 
of  that  deed  !  Then  v/ere  death  sweeter  to  me  than 
life.  No,  not  mine  the  fame  that  at  any  time  would 
die,  for  'twould  be  said  that  I  first  had  stolen  Love's 
sweet  joys,  and  from  me  had  sprung  that  sweet 
pleasure.  Nay,  the  envious  fates  have  not  granted 
me  a  boon  so  great,  that  our  misdeed  sliould  be  the 
beginning  of  secret  love. 

^2  Of  yore  Jupiter,  who  could  at  all  times  counter- 
feit false  forms  of  himself,  along  with  Juno,  ere  either 
was  called  a  spouse,  tasted  the  stolen  jo3'^s  of  sweet 
love.  Tlie  Cyprian,  too,  rejoiced  that  on  the  tender 
grass  her  lover  ^  crushed  the  brilliant  flowers  whereon 
she  lay,  as  she  threw  her  arms  about  his  lovely  neck. 
At  that  time  Mars,  methinks,  had  been  detained  in 
warfare,  for  as  to  Vulcan,  he  too,  surely,  was  busy  at 
work,  and  with  unsightly  soot  was  defiling  cheek  and 

'  Ariadne,  daughter  of  Minos,  fled  froin  Crete  with  Theseus, 
who  abandoned  her  in  Naxos.  Dionysus,  who  found  her 
there,  raised  her  to  the  stars. 

*  i.e.  the  ribbon  worn  by  free-born  women,  whether 
maidens  or  married. 

'  Adonia. 

-177 


VIRGIL 

non  Aurora  novos  etiam  ploravit  amores, 
atque  rubens  oculos  roseo  celavit  amictu  r 
talia  caelicolae,     numquid  minus  aurea  proles  ? 
ergo  quod  deos  atque  heros,  cur  non  minor  aetas  ?     75 

Infelis  ego,  non  illo  qui  tempore  natus, 
quo  facilis  natura  tuit.     sors  o  mea  laeva 
nascendi,  miserumque  genus,  quo  sera  libido  est. 
tantam  Fata  meae  carnis  fecere  ritptnam, 
ut  maneam,  quod  vix  oculis  cognoscere  possis.         80 

"'  mbeo.  '*  proles  Vonck:  promo. 

''  quo]  quoi  Naelce. 

'^  tantam  fsta  meae  Heinsius :  tantam  vita  meae  (tanta 
meao  ritae*.  camis  Baihreag  :  cordis  :  cortis  EUlis.  rapinam] 
rtiinam  Heinous. 


478 


LYDIA 

beard.  Has  not  Aurora,  too,  bewailed  new  loves/ 
and  blusliingly  hidden  her  eyes  in  her  roseate 
mantle  ?  Thus  have  the  denizens  of  heaven  done : 
and  the  golden  age,  did  it  do  less?  Therefore  what 
gods  and  heroes  have  done,  why  should  not  a  later 
age  do  ? 

^^  Unhappy  I,  who  was  not  born  in  those  days  Avhen 
Nature  was  kind  !  O  my  luckless  birth-lot,  and  O  the 
wretched  race,  in  which  desire  is  laggard !  Such 
havoc  have  the  Fates  made  of  my  life,  that  what 
remains  of  me  your  eyes  could  scarcely  recognize. 

'  Her  old  love  was  for  Tithonus  ;  her  new  one  was  for 
Orion,  who  was  killed  by  Diana's  arrows. 


479 


PRIAPEA* 


I 

Vere  rosa,  autumno  pomis,  aestate  frequentor 
spicis  :  una  mihi  est  horrida  pestis  hiemps. 

nam  frigus  metuo,  et  vereor  ne  ligneus  iguem 
hie  deus  ignaris  praebeat  agricolis. 

II 

Ego  haec^  ego  arte  fabricata  rustica, 
ego  arida,  o  \'iatorj  ecce  populus 
agellulum  hunc,  sinistra  et  ante  quem  vides, 
eriqae  \illulam  hortulumque  pauperis 
tuor  malaque  furls  arceo  manu.  5 

Mihi  corolla  picta  vere  ponitur 
mihi  rubens  arista  sole  fer\'ido, 
mihi  virente  dulcis  uva  pampino, 
mihi  gelata  duro  oliva  frigore. 

I.  ^  autamno  pomis  JISS.  :  pomis  autumno  Lachmann, 
*  ignavis  Voss,  accepted  by  Bibbeck,  Banhrens,  VoUmcr. 

II.  *  0  It. :  emitted  C. 

^  agellulnm  u :  agellum  Cl.  sinistra  et  ante  Hand :  sinistre 
tante  (stantem)  BZ.  *  tuor  It.  Wagv.tr :  tueor  Cl. 

'  So  Birt:  mihi  glauca  olivo  (oliva)  duro  cocta  frigo 
(frigore  cocta)  MSS. :  mihique  glauca  (or  duro)  oliva  cocta 
frigore  Wag^ier :  mihi  eaduca  oliva,  cocta  frigore  Ellis :  mihi 
recocta  glauca  oliva  frii^ore  Biichder. 


*  The  principal  MSS.  cited  are  B  and  Z,  for  which  see 
note  at  the  opening  of  the  Ciris.  Z  embraces  H,  A ,  and  R. 
480 


PRIAPEA 


I 


In  spring  I  am  covered  with  roses,  in  autumn  with 
fruits,  in  summer  with  ears  of  corn  :  winter  alone  is 
to  me  a  horrid  plague.  For  the  cold  I  dread,  and 
am  afraid  that  your  god  of  wood  may  furnish  fuel  to 
heedless  husbandmen.^ 

in 

Lo !  'tis  I,  O  wayfarer,  I,  wrought  with  rustic  skill, 
I,  this  dry  poplar,  that  guard  this  little  field  thou 
seest  in  front  and  to  the  left,  with  the  poor  owner's 
cottage  and  small  garden,  and  that  shield  them  from 
the  wicked  hand  of  thieves. 

^  On  me  in  spring  is  placed  a  garland  gay  ;  on  me, 
in  the  scorching  sun,  the  ruddy  corn ;  on  me  the 
luscious  grapes  with  tendrils  green  ;  on  me  the  olive, 
when  chilled  by  winter's  cold.^ 

^  The  first  three  poems  are  Priapea,  i.e.  verses  in  honour 
of  the  god  Priapus.  The  opening  one,  in  elegiac  couplets,  is 
composed  as  if  to  be  set  up  as  an  inscription  on  a  wooden 
image  of  the  god.  In  all  three  Priapus  is  himself  the  speaker 
(hie  deus,  like  hie  homo  =  ego). 

^  The  verse  of  the  original  is  the  pure  iambic  trimeter. 

'  Olives  were  picked  during  a  frost. 


For  other  MSS.  see  Ellis.  The  title  Priapea  does  not  occur 
in  the  MSS.,  and  in  Z  the  title  Catalepton  is  put  at  the  head 
of  the  Priapea. 

481 
VOL.  II.  I    I 


VIRGIL 

Meis  capella  delicata  pascuis  10 

in  urbem  adulta  lacte  portat  ubera, 
meisque  pinguis  agnus  ex  o\'ilibus 
gravem  domum  remittit  aere  dexterani, 
teneraque  matre  mugiente  %-accula 
deum  profundit  ante  templa  sanguinem.  15 

Proin,  viator,  hunc  deum  vereberis 
manumque  sursuni  habebis  :  hoc  tibi  expedit, 
parata  namque  crux  stat  ecce  mentula, 
"  velim  pol,"  inquis.     at  pol  ecce  vilicus 
venit,  valente  cui  revolsa  bracchio  20 

fit  ista  mentula  apta  clava  dexterae. 


Ill 

Hunc  ego,  o  iuvenes,  locum  villulamque  palustrem, 

tectam  \imine  iunceo  caricisque  maniplis, 

quercus  arida  rustica  formitata  securi, 

nutrior ;  magis  et  magis  fit  beata  quotannis. 

huius  nam  domuii  colunt  me  deumque  salutant  5 

pauperis  tuguri  pater  filiusque  adulescens, 

alter  assidua  colens  diligentia,  ut  herbae, 

aspera  ut  rubus  a  meo  sit  remota  sacello, 

alter  pana  manu  ferens  semper  munera  larga. 

florido  mihi  pouitur  pi  eta  vera  corolla,  10 

primitus  tenera  \irens  spica  mollis  arista, 

II.  ^*  teneraque  .  .  .  vacula  fl :  tenella  d'OrvUle :  tenerque 
.  .  .  buculus  Wagner.  "  fuit  Z. 

III.  ^  o  added  by  Lachmann. 

*  formitata  55  .•  formica t a  Jf;  formidata  J/ed.  /  fomiata 
ARu:  fomitata  /.  Vosb,  and  read  hy  VoUmer :  fabricata 
Bibbeck  {after  Schroder). 

*  nutrior  BH  [c/.  Georg.  n.  425) :  nnnc  tuor  SctUiger :  en 
tuor  Eihhech.     fit  Bathreii-s :  ut  n.     magis  ut  magis  sit  EUii, 

*  me  demnque  Aldine  edition  1517  :  mediumque  fl.. 
'  colena]  cavens  L.  Mailer. 

482 


PRIAPEA 

^^  From  mv  pastures  the  dainty  she-goat  bears  to 
town  her  udders  swelled  with  milk  ;  from  my  folds 
comes  the  fatted  lamb  to  send  home  again  the  money- 
laden  hand  ;^  and  the  tender  calf,  amid  her  mother's 
lowing,  pours  forth  her  blood  before  the  temples  of 
the  gods. 

^^  Therefore,  O  wayfarer,  thou  shalt  fear  this  god, 
and  hold  thy  hand  high  :  this  is  worth  thy  while,  for 
lo  !  there  stands  ready  thy  cross,  the  phallus.^  "  By 
Pollux!  I'd  like  to,"  ^  thou  sayest.  Nay,  by  Pollux, 
here  comes  the  bailiff,  whose  stout  arm,  plucking 
away  that  phallus,  finds  in  it  a  cudgel,  well  fitted 
to  his  riffht  hand. 


Ill* 

O  YOUTHS,  this  place  and  cottage  in  the  marsh, 
thatched  with  osier  shoots  and  handfuls  of  sedge,  I 
support,  I,  a  dried  oak  chipt  into  shape  by  farmer's 
axe ;  year  by  year,  more  and  more  rich  it  grows.  For 
the  owners  of  this  poor  hut,  a  father  and  youthful  son, 
honour  and  greet  me  as  a  god ;  the  one  so  honouring 
me  with  constant  care  that  Aveeds  and  rough  brambles 
are  taken  from  my  shrine  ;  the  other  with  lavish  hand 
ever  bringing  humble  gifts. 

^^  On  me  in  flowery  spring  is  placed  a  garland  gay ; 
on  me  the  soft  ear  of  corn,  when  first  'tis  green  on 

'  c/.  Eclogues,  i.  35. 

^  The  wayfarer  can  thus  show  that  he  is  not  stealing. 
Slaves  guilty  of  theft  could  be  crucified,  but  for  the  cross 
Priapus  substitutes  his  own  weapon,  viz.  the  club  projecting 
from  his  groin. 

'  i.e.  to  steal. 

*  The  metre  of  the  original  is  the  so-called  Priapean,  a 
combination  of  the  Glyconic  and  the  Pherecraleun  (see  any 
Latin  Grammar). 

483 
I  I  2 


VIRGIL 

luteae  violae  mihi  lacteumque  pap.aver, 

pallentesque  cucurbitae  et  suave  olentia  mala, 

uva  pampinea  I'ubens  educata  sub  umbra. 

sanguine  haec  etiam  mihi — sed  tacebitis — anna       IS 

barbatus  linit  liirculus  comipesque  capella. 

pro  quis  omnia  honoribus  nunc  necesse  Priapo  est 

praestare,  et  domini  hortulum  \-ineamque  tueri. 

quare  hinc,  o  pueri,  malas  abstinete  rapinas. 

vicinus  prope  dives  est  neglegensque  Priapus.         20 

inde  sumite  :  semita  haec  deinde  vos  feret  ipsa. 

^*  pampinea]  Garrod  proposes  faginea  or  populea. 

^*  sanguine  haec  .  .  .  arma  Voss:  sanguine  hanc  .  .  .  aram 
Muretus :  sanguinea  .  .  .  arma  n. 

"  omnia  iX  (omnibus  M) :  mnnera.  Riese :  mnnia^  Maekli/ : 
mutua  Baehrene.     nunc  Biicheler:  huic  Ribbtek:  hoc  n  :  haec 


48« 


PRIAPEA 

the  tender  stalk,  with  yellow  violets  and  milky  poppy, 
pale  melons  and  sweet-smelling  apples,  and  blushing 
grape-clusters,  reared  beneath  the  vine-leaves'  shade. 
These  weapons,  too,  of  mine — but  you  will  be  silent  I 
— a  little  bearded  goat  and  his  horn-footed  sister 
besmear  with  blood.  For  these  offerings  Priapus 
must  now  make  full  return,  and  guard  the  owner's 
vineyard  and  little  garden. 

^^  Therefore,  away !  boys,  refrain  from  wicked 
plundering.  Near  by  is  a  wealthy  neighbour,  and 
his  Priapus  is  careless.  Take  from  him ;  this  path 
of  itself  will  lead  you  from  the  place. 

It.  Priapo  est  B :  Priape  (est  omitted)  Z.    Garrod  wovld  read 

the  tine  thus:  pro  quia,  quicquid  honoiis  est,  hoc  necesse  Priapo. 

*"  Piiapi  Hdnsius.  '*  aemita  It. :  aemitam  Cl. 


485 


CATALEPTON* 
I 

De  qua  saepe  tibi  venit :  sed.  Tucca,  videre 
non  licet :  occulitur  limine  clausa  viri. 

de  qua  saepe  tibi,  non  venit  adhuc  mihi ;  namque 
si  occulitur,  longe  est,  tangere  quod  nequeas. 

venerit,  audivi.     sed  iam  mihi  nuntius  iste  5 

quid  prodest?  illi  dicite,  cui  rediit. 

II 
CoRiNTHioRUM  amator  iste  verborum, 
iste  iste  rhetor,  namque  quatenus  totus 

I.  ^  De  qua]  Delia  Scaliger.         *  de  qua]  Delia  Scaligir. 

•  dicite  MSS.:  dicito  Scaliger.     cui  Heynt:  qui  B :  qu(a;e 
othtr  MSS. 

II.  *  Not  included  in  the  citation  by  Quiniilian.  viii.  iii.,  28, 
nnd  rejected  by  RVherh  and  Bathrens. 


*  See  not«  at  the  opening  of  the  Priapta.  In  B  the  title 
CatcUepton  is  nowhere  given. 

On  this  title,  see  vol.  i.  p.  vii.  The  metres  of  the  CcUa- 
Upton  are  varied.  The  elegiac  couplet  prevails,  being  used 
in  I,  III,  IV,  VII,  VIII,  IX,  XI,  XIIIa.  XIV,  and  XV  ;  but 
the  rest  of  the  poems  are  composed  in  some  form  of  iambic 
measure.  Thus  the  pure  iambic  trimeter  is  used  in  VI,  X, 
and  XII,  the  choliambus  (or  ?^azou)  in  II  and  V,  and  the 
iambic  strophe  (consisting  of  a  trimeter  coupled  with  a 
dimeter)  in  XIII. 

^  This  epigram  has  provoked  much  discussion.  Before 
Birt,  commentators  adopted  Scaliger's  conjecture  Delia  in 
lines  1  and  3,  and  regarded  the  poem  as  a  dialogue  between 
Tucca  and  the  poet,  who  are  rivals  for  the  love  of  Delia. 
But  Birt  revi%  es  the  de  qua  of  MSS.,  and  explains  the  epi- 
486 


CATALEPTON 

She,  of  whom  I  have  often  told  you,  has  come ; 
but,  Tucca,  one  may  not  see  lier.  She's  kept  in 
hiding,  barred  within  her  husband's  threshold.  She, 
of  whom  I  have  often  told  you,  has  not  yet  come  to 
me,  for  if  she's  kept  in  hiding,  what  one  can't  touch 
is  far  away.  Suppose  she  has  come ;  I  have  heard 
it.  But  now  what  good  is  that  news  to  me .''  Tell  it 
to  him,  for  whom  she  has  come  bade. 

112 

It's  Corinthian  words  the  fellow  adores,  that  sorry 
rhetorician  !     For,  perfect  Thucydides  that  he  is,  he 

gram  as  a  piece  of  conversation  or  fragment  of  a  letter,  all  of 
it  the  utterance  of  the  poet.  The  verb  of  saying  is  omitted 
in  lines  1  and  3,  as  often  in  the  epistolary  style.  The  lady 
referred  to  is  not  named.  In  the  last  two  lines  the  poet 
turns  away  from  Tucca  to  address  those  who  have  brought 
him  news  of  the  lady's  return.  This,  he  implies,  is  a  matter 
of  perfect  indifference  to  him. 

*  This  epigram  is  discussed  by  the  translator  in  the  Trans- 
actions of  the  American  Philological  Association,  vol.  xlvii. , 
1916,  pp.  43  fif.  The  person  assailed  is  T.  Annius  Cimber,  a 
rhetorician  who  is  said  to  have  murdered  his  brother.  In  his 
rhetoric  he  was  an  Atticist,  following  Thucydides,  who  in 
his  History  has  given  so  vivid  a  description  of  the  Attic 
plague  (ii.  47-54).  The  writer  uses  verba  in  a  double  sense, 
"  words  "  and  "  spells,"  and  Corinthiorum  implies  "  archaic  " 
or  "  obsolete,"  involving  an  allusion  to  old  bronzes  as  well  as 
to  Medea's  poisons.  In  Gallicum  there  is  an  implied  refer- 
ence to  the  name  Cimber,  and  tau  suggests  some  peculiarity 
of  pronunciation.  Cimber,  who  wrote  in  Greek,  evidently 
used  the  Ionic  fj.lv  and  the  tragic  (T<plv.  As,  then,  for  his 
pupils  he  mingled  these  uncouth  sounds,  so  for  his  brother 
he  concocted  deadly  spells. 

487 


VIRGIL 

Thucydides,  tyrannus  Atticae  febris  : 
tau  Gallicum,  min  et  sphin  ut  male  illisit, 
ita  omnia  ista  verba  miscuit  fratri. 


Ill 

AspicEj  quern  valido  subnixum  Gloria  regno 

altius  et  caeli  sedibus  extulerat : 
terrarum  hie  bello  magnum  concusserat  orbem, 

hie  reges  Asiae  fregerat,  hie  populos ; 
hie  grave  servitium  tibi  iam,  tibi,  Roma,  ferebat 

(cetera  namque  viri  cuspide  conciderant) : 
cum  subito  in  medio  rerum  certamine  praeceps 

corruit,  e  patria  pulsus  in  exilium. 
tale  deae  numen,  tali  mortalia  nutu 

fallax  momento  temporis  hora  dedit.  10 

IV 

QuocuMQUE  ire  ferunt  variae  nos  tempora  vitae, 
tangere  quas  terras  quosque  videre  homines, 

dispeream,  si  te  fuerit  mihi  carior  alter, 
alter  enim  quis  te  dulcior  esse  potest, 

II.  '  tyrannus]  bri(t)tan(n)us  MSS.  of  Quintilian. 

*  min  et  spin  et  Buehrens:  enim  et  spin(e)  et  MSS.  oj 
QuiiUilian:  mi  et  psin  et  B:  min  et  psin  et  //.  illi  sit  B  : 
et  "male  illi  sit"  Ellis. 

*  ita  or  ista  MSS. :  ita  MSS.  of  Quintilian. 

III.  *  tibi  (second)  omitted  B,  hence  Romane  [Buchder). 

*  nutu  fl ;  ritu  Haupt :  motu  Baehrens. 

"  dedit  fl:  adedit  Sabbadini:  lent  Baehrens:  premit 
Ruhnken :  terit  Elli.i. 

TV.   *  quis  u  .•  qui  other  MSS. 

*  It  is  generally  supposed  that  the  portrait  upon  which 
this  poem  is  based  was  one  of  Alexander  the  Great.  But 
line  8  makes  this  interpretation  improbable,  for  though 
488 


CATALEPTON 

is  lord  of  the  Attic  fever ;  as  his  Gallic  tau,  his  min 
and  sphin  he  wickedly  pounded  up,  so  of  all  such 
word-spells  he  mixed  a  dose  for  his  brother ! 

IIP 

Behold  one,  whom,  upborne  on  mighty  sovereignty, 
Glory  had  highly  exalted,  even  above  the  abodes  of 
heaven  !  Earth's  Avide  bounds  had  he  shaken  in  war; 
Asia's  kings,  Asia's  nations  had  he  crushed ;  ^  now  to 
thee,  even  to  thee,  O  Rome  (for  all  else  had  fallen 
before  his  spear),  was  he  bringing  grievous  slavery, 
when  lo !  of  a  sudden,  in  the  midst  of  his  struggle 
for  empire,  headlong  he  fell,  driven  from  fatherland 
into  exile.  Such  is  the  goddess'  will ;  ^  at  such 
behest,  in  a  moment  of  time,  does  the  faithless  hour 
deal  out  the  doom  of  mortals. 

IV* 

Whithersoever  the  chances  of  our  changing  lives 
lead  us  to  go,  what  lands  soever  to  visit  and  what 
people  to  see,  may  I  perish  if  any  other  shall  be 
dearer  to  me   than  thou !     For  what  other  can   be 

Alexander  died  in  Babylon  and  was  buried  in  Egypt,  no 
poet  could  have  regarded  him  as  e  patria  pulsus  in  exiliuni. 
Baehrens  and  Nettleship  hold  that  the  monarch  in  view  was 
Phraates,  king  of  Parthia,  whom  his  subjects  drove  from  his 
throne  in  .32  B.C.  Pompey  the  Great  and  Mithridates  have 
had  their  advocates,  but  all  conditions  are  best  satisfied  by 
Marcus  Antonius,  who  enjoyed  with  Cleopatra  the  homage  of 
eastern  peoples,  and  was  a  real  menace  to  Italy  and  Rome. 
(So  De  Witt,  in  the  Americaii  Journal  of  Philology,  vol. 
xxxiii.,  1912,  pp.  321  ff.) 

'•^  cf.  Aen.  VIII.  685  fif. 

'  The  goddess  is  Fortune  or  Nemesis. 

*  Addressed  to  the  poet  Octavius  Musa,  a  friend  of  Horace 
as  well  as  of  Virgil,     (c/*.  Horace,  Satires,  i.  x.  82.) 

489 


VIRGIL 

cui  iuveni  ante  alios  divi  divumque  sorores  5 

cuncta,  neque  Lndigno.  Musa,  dedere  bona, 
cuncta^quibus  gaudet  Phoebi  chorus  ipseque  Phoebus? 

doctior  o  quis  te,  Musa,  fuisse  potest  ? 
o  quis  te  in  terris  loquitur  iucundior  uno  ? 

Clio  tarn  certe  Candida  non  loquitur.  10 

quare  illud  satis  est.  si  te  permittis  amari ; 

nam  contra,  ut  sit  amor  mutuus,  unde  mihi  ? 


Ite  hinc,  inanes,  ite,  rhetorum  ampullae, 

intiata  rhoso  non  Achaico  verba, 

et  vos,  Selique  Tarquitique  Varroque, 

scolasticorum  natio  madens  pingui, 

ite  hinc,  inane  cymbalon  iuventutis.  5 

tuque,  o  mearum  cura,  Sexte,  curarum 

vale,  Sabine  ;  iam  valete,  formosi. 

nos  ad  beatos  vela  mittimus  portus, 

magni  petentes  docta  dicta  Sironis, 

vitamque  ab  omni  vindicabimus  cura,  10 

ite  hinc,  Camenae,  vos  quoque  ite  iam  sane, 

dulces  Camenae  (nam  fatebimur  verum, 

dulces  fuistis)  ;  et  tamen  nieas  chartas 

revisitote,  sed  pudenter  et  rare. 

rV.  •  iuveni  B :  cum  venit  Z. 

•  Musa  Aldine  tdition  1517  :  multa  O. 

1*  certe  O  :  per  te  Baehrtus :  graece  Birt. 

V.  *  rhorso  B:  roso  HMu :  rore  Aldine  edition  1517:  et 
ore  Cvrcio :  rhythmo  Birt.  The  form  rhoso  i*  dubious,  bvt 
probably  rtpnsente  Ipoaqp,  as  if  (d)hroso.     See  noti  in  Ellii. 

'  inane  HeinsiMs:  inani  BHMu  :  inania  Aldine  edition  1517. 

*•  vindicabimus  Aldim  editions:  vindicavimua  ZM :  vin- 
dicamu3  B,  Med. 

"  ite  iam  sane  Haxipt :  i&m  ite  sane  (laraite  seve  or  sene, 
BZM,  Med.     it«  «alvete  niia.  "  fatebiiur  B. 

490 


CATALEPTON 

sweeter  than  thou,  upon  whom  in  thy  youth,  O  Musa, 
beyond  others — and  not  unworthily — the  gods  and 
sisters  of  the  gods  ^  have  bestowed  all  blessings,  all 
wherein  the  choir  of  Phoebus  and  Phoebus  himself 
rejoice  ?  O  who  can  have  been  more  skilled  than 
thou,  O  Musa  ?  O  who  in  all  the  world  speaks  with 
more  charm  than  thou — thou  alone  ?  Clio  surely 
speaks  not  so  clearly.  Therefore  'tis  enough  if  thou 
permittest  thyself  to  be  loved  ;  for  otherwise  how 
may  I  cause  that  love  to  be  returned  ? 


V2 

Get  ye  hence  !  away,  ye  empty  paint-pots^  of  rhe- 
toricians, ye  words  inflated,  but  not  with  Attic  dew  I 
And  ye,  Selius  and  Tarquitius  and  Varro,  a  tribe  of 
pedants  soaking  in  fat,  get  ye  hence,  ye  empty  cymbals 
of  our  youth  !  And  thou,  O  Sextus  Sabinus,  my  chiefest 
care,  farewell !   Now  fare  ye  well,  ye  goodly  youths  ! 

^  We  are  spreading  our  sails  for  blissful  havens,  in 
quest  of  great  Siro's  wise  words,  and  from  all  care 
will  redeem  our  life.  Get  ye  hence,  ye  Muses!  yea, 
away  now  even  with  you,  ye  sweet  Muses!  For  the 
truth  we  must  avow — ye  have  been  sweet.  And  yet, 
come  ye  back  to  my  pages,  though  with  modesty  and 
but  seldom  1 

^  i.e.  gods  and  goddesses.  Birt,  however,  regnrds  the 
divum  sorores  as  the  Fates,  the  Parcae. 

•  Written  when  Virgil  was  giving  up  his  early  rhetorical 
studies,  and  preparing  to  take  up  philosophy  under  Siro,  the 
Epicurean.  For  details,  see  Nettleship  in  Ancient  Lives  of 
Virgil,  p.  37- 

*  Horace  also  uses  the  word  ampullae  and  the  verb  am- 
pullor  of  bombastic  language  ;  c/.  \iiKv9os  and  \r)i(v&l((iv  in 
Greek.  The  ampullae  are  properly  '*  paint-pots"  (see  Wick- 
ham's  note  on  Hor.  Epist.  i.  iii.  14). 

491 


VIRGIL 

VI 

SocER,  beate  nee  tibi  nee  alteri, 

generque  Noctuine,  putidum  caput, 

tuoque  nunc  puella  talis  et  tuo 

stupore  pressa  rus  abibit  et  mihi, 

ut  ille  versus  usquequaque  pertinet :  5 

"  gener  socerque,  perdidistis  omnia." 

VII 

Scilicet  hoc  sine  fraude.  Van  dulcissime,  dicam  : 
dispeream,  nisi  me  perdidit  iste  tto^o?. 

sin  autem  praecepta  vetant  me  dicere,  sane 
non  dicam,  sed  me  perdidit  iste  puer. 

VIII 

ViLLULA,  quae  Sironis  eras,  et  pauper  agelle, 

verum  illi  domino  tu  quoque  divitiae, 
me  tibi  et  hos  una  mecum,  quos  semper  amavi, 

si  quid  de  patria  tristius  audiero, 
commendo,  in  primisque  patrem.    tu  nunc  eris  illi,     5 

Mantua  quod  fuerat  quodque  Cremona  prius. 

VI.  '  tuone  Scaliger :  tuoque  n. 

*  abibit  et  B :  habitet  ZM,  Med.  :  abibit  ?  hei  Scaliger. 

*  c.f.  CaCuUua,  xxix.  24,  socer  generque,  p.  o. 

VII.  *  iriSas  Spiro :  pothus  (potus)  CI  :  putus  Scaliger. 
'  autem]  artis  Heyne. 

VIII.  *  in  primiaque  AldiTie  edition  1517  :  primisque  Q. 

^  To  be  taken  as  complementary  to  XII.  In  the  latter 
epigram  the  father-in-law  la  called  Atiliua,  a  name  which, 
+92 


CATALEPTON 


vn 


O  FATHER-ix-LAW,  whosc  richcs  benefit  neither 
thyself  nor  thy  neighbour,  and  thou,  O  son-in-law 
Noctuinus,  thou  addle-pate,  now  a  girl  so  rare,  as- 
sailed in  thy  drunken  stupor,  and  in  thine,  will  pass 
to  the  country,-  and  for  me  ihow  that  verse  every- 
where applies!):  "Son-in-law  and  father-in-law,  ye 
have  ruined  all."  ' 

VII 

Surely,  my  dearest  Varius,  in  all  honestv  I'll  sav 
this  :  ''  Hang  me,  if  that  amour  has  not  ruined  me  !" 
But  if  the  rules  forbid  me  so  to  speak,*  of  course  I'll 
not  say  that,  but — "  that  lad  has  ruined  me  I ' ' 

VIII 5 

O  LITTLE  villa,  that  once  wast  Sire's,  and  thou, 
j>oor  tiny  farm — yet  to  such  an  owner  even  thou 
wert  wealth — to  thee,  if  aught  more  sad  I  hear 
about  our  home-land,  I  entrust  myself,  and.  along 
with  me,  those  whom  I  have  ever  loved,  my  father 
first  and  foremost.  Thou  shalt  now  be  to  him  what 
Mantua  and  what  Cremona  had  been  aforetime, 

like  Noctuinus.  is  probably  fictitious.  Professor  De  Witt's 
plausible  theory  is  that  Xoetuinus  is  Antony,  while  the  other 
is  his  uncle  and  father-in-law.  C.  Antouvas  [AmericoM  Jowntal 
o/ Philolcjy,  ToL  xxxiiL,  1912.  p.  319). 

*  The  family  is  reduced  to  poverty  through  extravagance. 
'  In  Catullus  this  verse  app.ies  to  Caesar  and  Pompey. 

*  An  intermixture  of  Greek  words  in  Latin  composition 
was  not  approved  of  by  the  best  teachers, 

*  S«e  the  ''  Life  of  Virgil"  in  voL  L  pp.  vii  and  viii  The 
incidents  referred  to  belong  to  the  vear  41  B.C. 

493 


VIRGIL 


IX 


Pauca  mihi.  niveo  sed  non  incognita  Phoebo, 

pauca  mihi  doctae  dicite  Pegasides. 
victor  adest,  magni  magnum  decus  ecce  triumphi, 

victor,  qua  terrae  quaque  patent  maria, 
horrida  barbaricae  portans  insignia  pugnae,  5 

magnus  ut  Oenides  utque  superbus  Eryx  ; 
nee  minus  idcirco  vestros  expromere  cantus 

maximus  et  sanctos  dignus  inire  choros. 
hoc  itaque  insuetis  iactor  magis,  optime,  curis, 

quid  de  te  possim  scribere  quidve  tibi.  10 

namque  (fatebor  enim)  quae  maxima  deterrendi 

debuit,  hortandi  maxima  causa  fuit. 
pauca  tua  in  nostras  venerunt  carmina  chartas, 

carmina  cum  lingua,  turn  sale  Cecropio, 
carmina,  quae  Phrygium,  saeclis  accepta  futuris,     15 

carmina,  quae  Pylium  \'incere  digna  senem. 
molliter  hie  viridi  patulae  sub  tegmine  quercus 

Moeris  pastores  et  Meliboeus  erant, 
dulcia  iactantes  alterno  carmina  versu, 

qualia  Trinacriae  doctus  amat  iuvenis.  20 

certatim  ornabant  omnes  heroida  divi, 

certatim  divae  munere  quoque  suo. 

'  victoria  est  ZMu. 

**  Phrygium  Heinsius:  prciu  B^ :  pilium  AR:  whole  line 
omitted  B\HM. 

*^  divi  Dousa  :  dive  fl. 

*  An  encomium  addressed  to  one  of  the  Messallae,  probably 
M.  Valerius  Messalla  Corvinus  (64  B.C.-8  a.d. ),  patron  and 
friend  of  TibuUus,  who  triumphed  over  Aquitania  in  27  B.C. 
494 


CATALEPTON 


IX 1 


Some  few  thoughts,  few  but  not  unknown  to  shining 
Phoebus,  impart  to  me,  ye  learned  Muses ! 

3  A  conqueror  comes — lo !  the  mighty  glory  of  a 
mighty  triumph — conqueror  he,  where'er  lands  and 
where'er  seas  are  outspi'ead,  bearing  grim  tokens 
of  barbaric  strife,  like  unto  Oeneus'  mighty  son,- 
or  unto  proud  Eryx ;  nor  less  on  that  account  most 
mighty  in  drawing  forth  your  songs  and  worthy  to 
enter  your  holy  choirs.  Therefore,  noblest  of  men, 
the  more  am  I  fretted  with  unwonted  cares,  wonder- 
ing what  about  thee  or  what  for  thee  I  have  power 
to  pen.  For  that  which — yea,  I  will  avow  it — ought 
to  have  been  chief  reason  for  holding  me  back,  has 
been  chief  reason  for  urging  me  along. 

^3  Some  few  of  thy  songs  have  found  place  in  my 
pages  ^ — songs  of  Attic  speech  as  well  as  Attic  wit 
— songs  that,  welcomed  by  ages  yet  to  be,  are  worthy 
to  outlive  the  aged  Phrygian,*  worthy  to  outlive  the 
aged  man  of  Pylos.^  Herein,  under  a  spreading  oak's 
green  covert,  were  the  shepherds  Moeris  and  Meli- 
boeus  at  their  ease,  throwing  off  in  alternate  verse 
sweet  songs  such  as  the  learned  youth  ^  of  Sicily  loves. 
Emulously  all  the  gods  graced  the  heroine ; "  emu- 
lously  the  goddesses  graced  her  with  their  several 
gifts. 

^  Meleager ;  or  possibly  Diomedes,  son  of  Tydeus  aud 
grandson  of  Oeneus. 

'  The  author  of  this  poem  has  turned  some  Greek  verses  of 
Messalla's  into  Latin.  *  Triam. 

"*  Nestor,  who  in  the  Homeric  narrative  is  living  in  the 
third  generation  of  men.  ^  Theocritus. 

'  Probably  Sulpicia,  daughter  of  the  orator  Servius 
Sulpicius. 

495 


VIRGIL 

felicem  ante  alias  o  te  scriptore  pueliam 

altera  non  fama  dixerit  esse  prior : 
non  ilia,  Hesperidum  ni  munere  capta  fuisset,         25 

quae  volucrem  cursu  vicerat  Hippomenen  ; 
Candida  cycneo  non  edita  Tyndaris  ovo, 

non  supero  fulgens  Cassiopea  polo, 
non  defensa  diu  multum  certamine  equorum, 

optabant  gravidae  quam  sibi  quaeque  manus,  SO 
saepe  animam  generi  pro  qua  pater  impius  haiisit, 

saepe  rubro  similis  sanguine  fiuxit  humus ; 
regia  non  Semele,  non  Inachis  Acrisione, 

immiti  expertae  fulmine  et  imbre  lovem; 
non  cuius  ob  raptum  pulsi  liquere  Penatis  S5 

Tarquinii  patrios,  filius  atque  pater, 
illo  quo  primum  dominatus  Roma  superbos 

mutavit  placidis  tempore  consulibus. 
multa  neque  immeritis  donavit  praemia  alumnis, 

praemia  Messallis  maxima  Publicolis.  40 

nam  quid  ego  immensi  memorem  studia  ista  laboris? 

horrida  quid  durae  tempora  militiae  ? 
castra  foro,  te  castra  urbi  praeponere,  castra 

tam  procul  hoc  gnato,  tam  procul  hac  patria  ? 
immoderata  pati  iam  frigora,  iamque  calores  ?  45 

sternere  vel  dura  posse  super  sDice  ? 

»'  mult  am  n  :  et  multum  Sabbadini :  volucrum  Aldine 
edition  1534  :  ninlieT  HUi^. 

"  obtabant  B :  obstabant  Vollmer.  gravid(a}e  C  :  Graiae 
Aldine  edition  1534.  quam  edition  1473  :  quid  B:  quod  other 
MSS.     manus]  nurum  Tollius. 

*'  similis  n, :  Eleis  most  editions :  pinguis  Baekrens :  sitiens 
Birt. 

'*  in  miti  B :  in(m)mitti  HM.  expertae  Scaliger:  expectat 
B :  expectant  Z. 

"  castra  foro  castra  B :  te  added  by  Bilcheler :  foro  solitos 
Z:  foro  rostris  Birt. 

**  hoc  .  .  .  hac]  ac  .  .  .  ac  MR :  haec  .  .  .  haec  Ellis. 

*'  frigora  Aldine  edition  1517  :  sidera  Q. 

**  jtertere  Aldine  edition  1534. 

*96 


CATALEPTON 

22  O  maiden  happy  beyond  others  with  thee  for 
her  herald !  None  other  may  claim  to  excel  her  in 
fame  :  not  she  ^  wlio,  had  she  not  been  tricked  by 
the  Hesperides'  gift,  had  outrun  in  the  race  fleet 
Hippomenes ;  not  the  fair  daughter  of  Tyndareus, 
born  of  the  swan's  egg ;  -  not  Cassiopea,  gleaming  in 
the  heavens  above ;  not  she,^  close-guarded  long  by 
the  contest  of  steeds,  whom  each  gift-laden  hand 
craved  for  its  own,  for  whom  her  wicked  father  oft 
drained  the  life  of  him  who  fain  would  be  his  son, 
and  oft  the  ground,  of  like  hue,  flowed  with  red 
blood  ;  not  queenly  Semele,  not  the  Inachian  daughter 
of  Acrisius,*  who  knew  Jove  in  the  pitiless  lightning 
and  in  the  shower ;  not  she,^  for  whose  ravishing  the 
Tarquins,  son  and  sire,  were  driven  forth,  leaving 
their  fathers'  gods,  what  time  Rome  first  changed 
proud  tyranny  for  peaceful  consuls. 

5^  iVfany,  and  not  unearned,  are  the  rewards  Rome 
has  bestowed  upon  her  sons,  chiefest  the  rewards 
bestowed  upon  the  Messallae  Publicolae.  For  why 
should  I  recount  thy  tasks  of  toil  immeasurable  ?  Why 
the  stern  seasons  of  rugged  warfare  ?  How  thou  dost 
set  the  camp  before  the  forum,  the  camp  before  the 
city — the  camp  that  is  so  far  away  from  this  thy  son^ 
so  far  from  this  thy  home  ?  How  thou  endurest  now 
extremest  cold,  and  now  extremest  heat,  and  canst 
lay  thyself  down    on    even    flinty  rock  ?     How  oft, 

^  Atalanta. 

*  Helen. 

'  Hippodamia,  daughter  of  Oeuomaus. 

*  Uanae,  daughter  of  Acrisius  of  Argos,  called  Inachis 
because  Inachus  was  the  founder  of  Argos. 

'  Lucretia.  * 

497 
VOL.  IL  K   K 


VIRGIL 

saepe  trucem  adverse  perlabi  sidere  pontum  ? 

saepe  mare  audendo  vincere,  saepe  hiemem  ? 
saepe  etiam  densos  immittere  corpus  in  hostes, 

communem  belli  non  meminisse  deum  ?  50 

nunc  celeres  Afros,  periurae  milia  gentis, 

aurea  nunc  rapidi  flumina  adire  Tagi  ? 
nunc  aliam  ex  alia  bellando  quaerere  gentem 

\incere  et  Oceani  finibus  ulterius  ? 
non  nostrum  est  tantas,  non,  inquam,  attingere  laudes, 

quin  ausim  hoc  etiam  dicere,  vix  hominum  est.     56 
ipsa  haec,  ipsa  ferent  rerum  monumenta  per  orbem, 

ipsa  sibi  egregium  facta  decus  parient. 
nos  ea,  quae  tecum  finxerunt  carmina  divi 

Cjnthius  et  Musae,  Bacchus  et  Aglaie,  6o 

si  laudem  adspirare  humilis,  si  adire  Cvrenas, 

si  patrio  Graios  carmine  adire  sales 
possumus,  optatis  plus  iam  procedimus  ipsis. 

hoc  satis  est ;  pingui  nil  mihi  cum  populo. 


Sabinus  ille,  quem  videtis,  hospites, 
ait  fuisse  mulio  celerrimus 

IX.  *'  perlabi  Aldine  edition  1517  :  perlabena  CI. 
*"  non  n  :  nee  Aldine  edition  1517.  timuisse  A. 
«•  Musae  A  :  Musa  BMH,  retained  by  Bin. 

"  laude  Bathi-ens.  aspirarem  MH.  si  (adire)  B :  sed 
ME  A  :  et  Voss.  "  si  B:  sic  Zu,  Med. 

X.  ^  Albinus  R.     quem]  quidem  B. 

'  multo  n  :  vanlio- Aldine  edition  1517. 

*  The  home  of  Callimaehoa,  the  elegiac  poet.  Ellis  takes 
humilis  with  Cyrenas,  "Gyrene's  nnexalted  style." 

^  This  is  a  clever  parody  on  the  fourth  poem  of  Catullus. 
Sabinus  has  been  identified  with  the  Sabinus  of  Cicero  {ad 
4.9s  • 


CATALEPTON 

under  unkindly  stars,  thou  glidest  o'er  the  savage 
deej)  ?  How  oft  in  thy  daring  tliou  conquerest  the 
sea,  and  oft  the  storm  ?  And  how  oft  thou  flingest 
thyself  upon  the  serried  foe,  heedless  of  the  common 
god  of  Avar  ?  How  thou  makest  thy  way,  now  to  the 
nimble  Africans,  the  swarms  of  a  perjured  race,  now 
to  the  golden  waters  of  swift  Tagus  ?  How  in  war- 
fare thou  seekest  nation  after  nation,  and  conquerest 
even  beyond  Ocean's  bounds  ? 

^■^  'Tis  not,  not,  I  say^  for  us  to  attain  to  such 
glories ;  nay  I  should  dare  even  this  to  say,  'tis 
scarce  a  task  for  mortal  man.  Even  of  themselves 
shall  these  exploits  carry  their  records  through  the 
world  ;  of  themselves  shall  beget  their  own  peerless 
renown.  As  for  me,  touching  those  songs  v»'hich  the 
gods  have  fashioned  in  concert  with  thee,  even  the 
Cynthian  and  the  Muses,  Bacchus  and  Aglaia,  if, 
lowly  as  I  am,  I  can  breathe  their  praise,  if  I  can 
approach  Cyrene,^  can  approach  the  wit  of  Greece 
with  a  song  of  Rome,  henceforth  I  advance  even 
beyond  my  hopes.  This  is  enough :  naught  have  I 
to  do  with  the  stupid  rabble. 

Sabinus  yonder,  whom  you  see,  my  friends,  says 
he  was  once  the  fastest  of  muleteers,  and  never  was 

Fam.  XV.  20)  and  with  Ventidius  Bassus  of  Aulus  Gellius, 
XV.  4,  who  rose  from  humble  life  to  the  offices  of  praetor 
and  consul.  But  it  is  most  probable  that  the  man  referred 
to  was  a  purely  local  celebrity,  who,  at  the  end  of  his  active 
life,  set  up  a  votive  oii'ering  to  Castor  and  Pollux  for  having 
saved  him  from  the  perils  of  his  calling.  The  offering  took 
the  form  of  a  statuette  or  painting  of  himself,  seated  in  a 
curule  chair,  the  artist  having  perhaps  taken  as  his  model 
some  dignified  official  of  note,  who  had  quite  properly  been 
so  represented.  (So  Professor  Elmer  T.  Merrill  in  Classical 
PhUology,  1913.) 

499 

X    K    S 


VIRGIL 

necue  ullius  volantis  inipetum  cisi 

nequisse  praeter  ire,  sive  Mantuam 

opus  foret  %olare  sive  Brixiam.  5 

et  hoc  negat  Trvphonis  aemuli  domura 

negare  nobilem  insulamve  Caeruli, 

ubi  iste  post  Sabinus  ante  Quinctio 

bidente  dicit  attodisse  forfice 

comata  colla,  ne  Cvtorio  iugo  10 

premente  dura  vokius  ederet  iul  a. 

Cremona  frigida  et  lutosa  Gallia. 

tibi  haec  faisse  et  esse  cognitissima 

ait  Sabinus  :  ultima  ex  origine 

tua  stetisse  dicit  in  voragine,  1 5 

tua  in  palude  deposisse  sarcinas. 

et  inde  tot  per  orbitosa  miiia 

iugum  tulisse,  iaeva  sive  destera 

strigare  mula  sive  utrumque  coeperat 


20 


neque  ulla  vota  semitalibus  deis 

sibi  esse  facta,  praeter  hoc  novissimum, 

patema  lora  proximimique  pectinem. 

sed  haec  prius  fuere  :  nunc  eburnea 

sedetque  sede  seque  dedicat  tibi,  25 

gemeile  Castor  et  gemelle  Castoris. 

'  ollius  Aldine  tdition  1517 :  illiu3  B. 

•  et  Sccdigtr :  neque  ft. 

'  -ne  A. 

'  dicet  AR.     forfice  Htyru  :  foreipe  BH :  forpice  AR. 
1*  ne  quid  orion  B:  ne  quis  torion  Z :  ne  Cytorio  Afa^'ili. 
'-  dicit]  ultima  .1. 

^*  deposisse  Sca'iger:  de;o)posaisse  .". 
1'  A/ter  (Am  Une  Birt  in^r'.i  the  /clloxcing  conjuttiral  vene: 
iter  parass€  mulio,  neque  ipse  non. 


500 


CATALEPTON 

there  any  gig  that  raced  along  whose  speed  he  was 
unable  to  pass,  whether  he  had  to  race  to  Mantua  or 
to  Brixia.  And  this,  says  he,  the  noble  house  of  his 
rival,  Trypho,  does  not  deny  ;  nor  the  lodging-rooms 
of  Caerulus,  where  he  who  afterwards  was  Sabinus, 
Dut  ere  that  Quinctio,  tells  that  with  two-bladed 
shears  he  once  clipped  the  hairy  necks,  lest,  under 
the  pressure  of  Cytorian  yoke,^  the  harsh  mane 
might  cause  some  soreness. 

^'^  O  cold  Cremona  and  muddy  Gaul,  Sabinus  says 
that  this  was  and  is  well-known  to  thee :  he  claims 
that  from  his  earliest  birthtime  he  stood  in  thy  mire, 
in  thy  marsh  laid  by  his  packs,  and  thence  over  so 
many  miles  of  rutty  roads  bore  the  yoke,  whether 
the  mule  on  left  or  on  right  or  on  both  sides  began 
to  flag  .  .  . ;  and  that  no  vows  to  the  gods  of  the 
by-ways  were  made  by  him  save  this  at  the  last — 
his  father's  reins  and  the  curry-comb  close  by.^ 

24  But  these  things  are  past  and  gone ;  now  he  sits 
in  his  ivory  chair  and  dedicates  himself  to  thee,  twin 
Castor,  and  to  thee,  Castor's  twin-brother. 

^  i.e.    box- wood   yoke,   because   Cy torus,   a    mountain    in 
Paphlagonia,  abounded  in  box-wood  trees. 
2  Or  "next  in  value." 


''  mulas  n  :  mula  edition  1482.     utrimque  Ileinsins. 

^"  Birt  supplies:  pecus  recalcitraie  ferreo  pede. 

**  eibi  Aldine  edition  1617  :  tibi  Ci.    j^ropter  ZMuMed. 


501 


VIRGIL 


XI 


Quis  deas,  Octa\i,  te  nobis  abstulit  ?  an  quae 

dicunt,  a,  nimio  pocula  ducta  mero  ? 
"vobiscum,  si  est  culpa,  bibi.    sua  quemque  sequuntur 

fata  :  quid  immeriti  crimen  habent  cyathi  ?  " 
scripta  quidem  tua  nos  multum  mirabimur  et  te 

raptum  et  Romanam  flebimus  historiam, 
sed  tu  nullus  eris.     perversi  dicite  manes, 

hunc  superesse  patri  quae  fuit  invidia  ? 


XII 

ScPEREE  Noctuine,  putidum  caput, 

datur  tibi  puella,  quam  petis,  datur; 

datur.  superbe  Xoctuine,  quam  petis. 

sed.  o  superbe  Xoctuine,  non  vides 

duas  habere  filias  Atilium,  6 

duas,  et  banc  et  alteram,  tibi  dari? 

adeste  nunc,  adeste  :  ducit,  ut  decet, 

superbus  ecce  Noctuinus  himeam. 

Thalassio,  Thalassio,  Thalassio  I 

XI.  *  dicunt  a  nimio  u  :  dicunt  animo  (mi)  BH :  diciintar 
animo  AB,  Mid.:  dicunt  Centaumm  Birt :  Centaurum  nimio 
Garrod.     ducta  Etinsiua  :  dura  a. 

»  culpabiie  B.  *  facU  BMti. 

XII.  •  o  5.-  omitted  Z. 

'  duaa  Aldint  edition  1517."  omi:'.id  Cl. 
'  ducit  Z :  dicit  B  [above  the  line). 

*  Thalassio  ftric«  only  fl  :  thrice,  Marius  Victorintit. 

*  Written  in  dialogue,  and  in  the  form  of  an  epitaph,  the 
subject  of  which  is  the  Octavius  Musa  of  Ci'ilepton  TV. 
above.  Octavius,  it  would  seem,  has  been  "de^-dmnk," 
and  so  is  humorously  treated  as  if  he  had  died.  He  is  a  "son 
of  Bacchus,'  and  Bacchus  (i.e.  tha  wine)  bad  died  (was  all 
50:2 


CATALEPTON 


XI 1 


"  What  god,  Octavius,  has  snatched  thee  from  us  ? 
Or  was  it,  as  they  say,  the  cups  of  o'er-strong  wine 
that  thou,  alas,  didst  quaff?  " 

"  With  you  I  drank,  if  that's  a  fault.  His  own 
fate  pursues  each.  Why  should  the  guiltless  cups  be 
blamed  ?  " 

"  Thy  writings,  indeed,  we  shall  much  admire,  and 
that  thou  and  thy  Roman  history  are  torn  from  us, 
we  shall  much  lament,  but  thou  no  more  shalt  be ! " 
Tell  us,  ye  Spirits  perverse :  Why  did  ye  grudge 
that  he  should  outlive  his  father  ? 

XII2 

Proud  Noctuinus,  thou  addle-pate,  the  girl  thou 
seekest  is  given  thee,  I  say ;  the  girl  thou  seekest, 
proud  Noctuinus,  is  given  thee.  But  seest  thou  not, 
thou  proud  Noctuinus,  that  Atilius  has  two  daughters 
— that  two,  both  this  and  the  other,  are  given  thee?-^ 
Come  ^  ye  now,  come  ye !  Proud  Noctuinus,  see ! 
brings  home,  as  is  meet — a  jug  !  Thalassio,  Thalassio, 
Thalassio !  ^ 

consumed)  before  the  son.  (So  E.  de  Marchi,  in  Rivista  di 
Filolofjia,  1907,  pp.  492  ff.) 

Birt's  attempt  to  introduce  Centanrum  in  line  2  is  due  to 
an  epigram  of  Callimachus  {Antk.  Pal.  vii.  725),  with  a 
similar  motif,  arid  containing  the  words  ^  pa  rh  koI  Kivravpov  ; 
this  may  be  right.  The  word  would  be  governed  by  ahshi- 
lisse  understood  :  "was  it  those  cups  of  strong  wine,  which 
they  say  overcame  the  Centaur  ?" 

"^  A  companion  piece  to  VI.  above.  Noctuinus  is  drunk  at 
his  wedding. 

*  The  second  bride  is  the  wine-jug. 

*  Addressed,  probably,  to  the  crowd  in  the  street. 

'  With  this  salutation  brides  had  been  greeted  ever  since 
the  days  of  Romulus. 

503 


VIRGIL 

XIII 

Iacere  me,  quod  alta  non  possim,  putas, 

ut  ante,  vectari  freta 
nee  ferre  durum  frigus  aut  aestum  pati 

neque  arma  victoris  sequi  ? 
valent,  valent  mihi  ira  et  antiquus  furor  5 

et  lingua,  qua  adsim  tibi 
quid,  impudice  et  improbande  Caesari,  9 

seu  furta  dicantur  tua  10 

et  prostitutae  turpe  contubernium  7 

sororis — o  quid  me  incitas  ? 
et  helluato  sera  patrimonio  1 1 

in  fratre  parsimonia 
vel  acta  puero  cum  viris  convivia 

udaeque  per  somnum  nates 
et  inscio  repente  clamatum  insuper  15 

"Thalassio,  Thalassio." 
quid  palluisti,  femina  ?  an  loci  dolent  ? 

an  facta  cognoscis  tua  ? 
non  me  vocabis  pulclira  per  Cotytia 

ad  feriatos  fascines,  20 

nee  deinde  te  movere  lumbos  in  stola 

prensis  videbo  altaribus 
flavumque  propter  Thybrim  olentis  nauticum 

vocare,  ubi  adpulsae  rates 
stant  iB  vadis  caeno  retentae  sordido  25 

macraque  luctantes  aqua ; 
neque  in  cub'nam  et  uncta  compitalia 

dapesque  duces  sordidas, 

•  qua  adsiin  (assim  B)  CI  :  adsiem  Wagner:  sat  sim 
Scalirjtr :  adsignem  Biicheler:  mas  sim  Ellis.  For  the  hiatus, 
cj.  Hor.  Epod.  v.  100,  xiii.  3.  '• »  placed  after  10  Birt. 

"  stola  Biicheler:  latua  Baehrens :  caltula  Ribbeck:  ratu- 
lam  B :  rotulam  Z. 
504 


CATALEPTON 


xiin 


Dost  think  I  am  helpless,  because  I  cannot,  as 
heretofore,  sail  the  deep  seas,  nor  bear  stern  cold, 
nor  endure  summer  heat,  nor  follow  the  victor's 
arms  ?  Strong,  strong  are  my  wrath  and  old-time 
fury,  and  my  tongue,  wherewith  I  stand  at  thy 
side. 

^  Why,  thou  shameless  one,  worthy  of  Caesar's  ire! 
— whether  thy  secret  crimes  be  told  (thy  prostituted 
sister's  vile  life  within  thy  tent — O  why  dost  thou 
spur  me  on? — and  thy  thrift  in  late  hour  at  a  brother's 
cost,  when  thy  patrimony  was  squandered),  or  whether 
those  banquets  thou  didst  share  in  boyhood  with  men, 
thy  body  wet  throughout  the  hours  of  sleep,  and,  over 
and  above,  the  cry  "Thalassio,  Thalassio,"  raised  on 
a  sudden  by  one  I  know  not :  why,  I  ask,  hast  thou 
paled,  O  woman  ?  Can  mere  jests  pain  thee  ?  or  dost 
recognize  deeds  that  are  thine  own  ?  Amid  Co- 
tytto's  beauteous  rites  thou  wilt  not  invite  me  to  the 
long-disused  symbols,  nor,  as  thy  hands  grasp  the 
altars,  shall  I  see  thee  bestir  thy  loins  beneath  thv 
woman's  robe,  and,  hard  by  the  yellow  Tiber,  call  to 
the  boat-smelling  throng,  where  the  barques  that 
have  reached  port  stand  in  the  shallows,  fast  in  the 
filthy  mire,  and  struggling  with  the  scanty  water ; 
nor  wilt  thou  lead  me  to  the  kitchen,  to  the  greasy 
cross-roads'  feast  and  its  mean  fare,  with  which  and 

^  These  iambics,  written  in  the  same  couplet  form  as  the 
first  ten  Epodes  of  Horace,  are  full  of  Archilochian  venom, 
whether  genuine  or  assumed.  The  poem  is  different  from 
everything  else  that  bears  the  name  of  Virgil,  and  Nemethy 
assigns  it  definitely  to  Horace's  authorship.  De  Witt,  in 
the  AmeTncan  Journal  of  Philoloyy,  vol.  xxxiii.,  1912,  p.  320, 
gives  good  reasons  for  supposing  Antony  to  be  the  object  of 
atiack. 

505 


VIRGIL 

quibus  repletus  et  salivosis  aquis, 

obesam  ad  uxorem  redis  SO 

et  aestuantes  dote  solvis  pantices, 

osusque  lambis  saviis. 
nunc  laede,  nunc  lacesse,  si  quicquam  vales ! 

et  nomen  adscribo  tuum. 
cinaede  Luciene,  liquerunt  opes  35 

fameque  genuini  crepant. 
videbo  habentem  praeter  ignavos  nihil 

fratres  et  iratum  lovem 
scissumque  ventrem  et  himeosi  patrui 

pedes  inedia  turgidos.  40 


XIIIa 

Caluda  imago  sub  hac  (caeli  est  iniuria)  sede, 
antiquis,  hospes,  non  minor  ingeniis, 

et  quo  Roma  viro  doctis  certaret  Athenis  : 
ferrea  sed  nulli  vincere  fata  datur. 


XtV 

Si  mihi  susceptum  fuerit  decurrere  munus, 
o  Paphon,  o  sedes  quae  colis  Idalias, 

Troius  Aeneas  Romana  per  oppida  digno 
iam  tandem  ut  tecum  carmine  vectus  eat : 


XIII.  "  et]  ut  n. 

'^  dote  MHA  :  nocte  Scaliger:  docte  B. 

''  scelusque  Birt. 

'^  cinaede  Luciene  Bikhder:  Cine  delucci  ia  te. 

XIIIa.  In  Z  this  epigram  is/ound  after  xiii.  16. 

^  Callide  (Allide)  ma^e  :  Callida  Birt :  imago  Biicheler  and 
Birt.  sede  Birt :  saecli  }fSS.  Pallida  mole  sub  hac  celavit 
membra  Seoundus  Riest  •  Palladis  arce  sub  liac  Itali  est 
506 


CATALEPTON 

with  slimy  water  thou  satest  thyself^  then  retumest 
to  thy  lumpish  v,ifc,  untiest  the  boiling  sausages  her 
dowry  pro\ides,  and  then,  hated  though  thou  art, 
dost  smother  her  with  kisses. 

*3  Now  assail,  now  provoke  me,  if  at  all  thou  canst! 
Even  thy  name  I  add,  thou  wanton  Lucienus !  Now 
thy  means  have  failed  thee,  and  with  hunger  thj 
back  teeth  rattle  I  I  shall  yet  see  thee  possessed  of 
nothing  but  good-for-naugi.t  brothers  and  an  angry 
Jove,  thy  stomach  rent,  and  thy  ruptured  uncle's 
feet  swollen  with  fasting:. 


XIIIa 

A  scfioi^\R'8  shade  rests  beneath  this  place  • — a 
wrong  done  by  heaven  - — one  not  inferior  to  the 
great  minds  of  old,  and  a  man  with  whom  Rome 
could  challenge  learned  Athens :  but  to  none  is  it 
given  to  vanquish  iron  Fate. 


XI\' 

If  it  be  my  lot  to  finish  the  course  I  have  begun, 
O  thou  *  that  dwellest  in  Paphos  and  in  the  Idalian 
groves,  so  that  at  length  through  Roman  towns 
Trojan  Aeneas   may  go   his  way,  borne  along  vrith 

'  XobcxlT  knows  to  whom  this  epitaph  refers,  and  the  first 
verse  is  largely  conjectural. 

'  The  gods  are  reproached  for  allowing  the  man  to  die  ; 
ef.  Cn'tx,  347. 

*  Written,  apparently,  after  the  poet  had  be^un  the 
Aeneid.  *  Venns. 

inuria  saecli  Ellis:  Palladi  maena  suae  visa  est  iniuria  sedis 
Bathr.  -.t.  XIV.  *  erat'Z. 

507 


VTRGIL 

non  ego  ture  modo  aut  picta  tua  templa  tabella         5 

omabo  et  puris  serta  leram  manibus — 
corniger  hos  aries  humilis  et  maxima  taurus 

victima  sacratos  sparget  honore  focos, 
marmoreusque  tibi  vel  mille  coloribus  ales 

in  morem  picta  stabit  Amor  pharetra.  10 

adsiSj  o  Cvtherea :  tuus  te  Caesar  01_\inpo 

et  Surrentini  litoris  ara  vocat. 


XV 

Vate  Syracosio  qui  dulcior  Hesiodoque 

maior,  Homereo  non  minor  ore  fuit, 
illius  haec  quoque  sunt  divini  elementa  poetae 

et  rudis  in  vario  carmine  Calliope. 

XIV.  "  et]  sed  Bur7nann.     maxima  B :  maximus  RM. 

*  sacrato  Heinsiut.     spargit  BHM. 

*  vel]  Birt :  aut.     %'el  mille  col.]  capnt,  ignicolorias  Bllii. 

XV.  In  the  MSS.  thisjoHoirs  upon  xiv.  12,  as  if  it  tccre  a 
portion  of  that  poem.  *  sint  EM. 


50i 


CATALEPTON 

thee  in  worthy  song :  not  with  incense  alone  or  with 
painted  tablet  will  I  adorn  thy  temple  and  with 
clean  hands  bring  thee  garlands,  but  the  horned 
ram,  a  lowly  offering,  and  the  bull,  noblest  victim, 
with  blood  of  sacrifice  shall  besprinkle  the  hallowed 
altars,  and  unto  thee  in  marble,  with  his  quiver 
painted,  as  is  wont,  in  all  its  thousand  hues,  shall 
winged  Love  be  set  up.  Come,  O  lady  of  Cythera! 
thine  own  Caesar  and  the  altar  of  Sorrento's  shore 
call  thee  from  Olympus. 

XVI 

To  that  divine  poet  who  was  sweeter  than  the 
Syracusan  bard,-  greater  than  Hesiod,  and  not  in- 
ferior to  Homer  in  his  speech — to  him  also  belong 
these  first  efforts,  even  his  untutored  Muse  in  varied 
strain. 

'  An  editorial  epilogue,  composed,  according  to  Birt,  by 
Varius. 
'^  Theocritus. 


509 


INDEX 


The  references  are  to  books  and  lines  in  the  Latin  text.  Abbrevia- 
tions :  A.  =  Aeneid  ;  Ca.  —  Catalepton  ;  Ci.  =  Ciris  ;  Co.  =  Copa  ; 
Cu.  ■=  Culex  ;  D.  =  Dirae  ;  E.  =  Eclogues  ;  G.  =  Geort^ics  ;  L.  = 
Lydia  ;  M.  =  Moretum  ;  P.  =Priapea;  also  adj.  =  adjective  ;  fern.  — 
feminine  ;  plur.  —  plural ;  sing.  —  singular ;  subst.  =  substantive.  Re- 
ferences to  the  following  names  are  not  given  in  full  on  account  of 
their  frequency:  Achates,  Aeneas,  Anchises,  Apollo,  Ascanlus,  Ausonius, 
Bacchus,  Danai,  Dardanius,  Dido,  Graius,  Italia,  Italus,  lulus,  luno, 
luppiter,  Latinus,  Latium,  Laurens,  Manes,  Mars,  Nympha,  Pallas  (3), 
Phoebus,  Phrygiua,  Priamus,  Komanus,  Kutulus,  Teucrus,  Troia, 
Troianus,  Troius,  Tros,  Turnus,  Tyrius,  Tyrrhenus,  Venus. 


Abaris,  member  of  Turnus'  army, 

A.  IX.  3U 
Abas :     (l)  early    king    of    Argos, 

A.   m.   286;     (2)  companion   of 

Aeneas,     A.     I.     121  ;      (3)  an 

Etruscan,  A.  X.  170,  427 
Abella,  town  in  Campania,  A.  vn. 

740 
Abydus,   city   on   the   Hellespont, 

0.  I.  207 
Acamas,  son  of  Theseus,  A.  n.  262 
Acarnan,    adj.    of    Acarnania,    a 

province  of  central  Greece,  A.  V. 

298 
Acca,  friend  of  Camilla,  A.  XI.  820, 

823,  897 
Acerrae,  town  of  Campania,  O.  n. 

225 
Acesta,  town  of  Sicily,  also  called 

Egesta  and  Segesta,  A.  v.  718 
Acestes,     Sicilian     king,     son     of 

Crlnisus,    A.    I.    195,    550,    558, 

570  ;    V.  30,  36,  61,  73,  106,  301, 

387,    418,    451,    498,    519,    531, 

540,    573,    630,    711,    746,    749, 

757.  771  ;   IX.  218,  286 
Achaemenides,  deserted  companion 

of   Ulysses  rescued   by   Aeneas, 

A.  m.  614,  691 
.\chaicu9,      and      Achalus,      adj. 

Achaean,    Greek,    A.    ii.    462 ; 

V.  623  ;    Ca.  \.  2 
Achates,  trusty  squire  of  Aeneas, 

A.  I.  174,  &c. 

VIRQ.   II. 


Achelols,  a  water-nymph,  Co.  15 

Acheioius.  adj.  of  Aclielous,  a 
river  of  central  Greece,  used  for 
water  in  general,  G.  I.  9 

Acheron,  a  river  of  the  lower  world  ; 
hence,  that  world  itself,  O.  ii. 
492  ;  A.  V.  99  ;  vi.  107,  295  ; 
VII.  91,  312,  569;    XI.  23 

Acliilles,  hero  of  the  Iliad,  E.  iv. 
36 ;  a.  III.  91  ;  A.  I.  30,  4.08, 
468,  484,  752  ;  II.  29,  197,  275, 
476,  540  ;    III.  87,  326  ;    V.  804  ; 

VI.  89,     168,     830 ;      IX.     742 ; 
X.  581 ;  XI.  404, 438  ;  xn.  352,  545 

Acliivl,  Achaeana,  Greeks,  A.  I.  242, 

488;    II.    45,   60,    102,   318;    V. 

497  ;  VI.  837  ;   x.  89  ;   XI.  266 
Acidalia,   term   applied    to    Venus 

from  a  fountain  in  Boeotia,  A.  i. 

720 
Acmon,     companion     of    Aeneas, 

A.  X.  128 
Acoetes,  armour-bearer  of  Evander, 

A.  XI.  30,  85 
Aconteus,  a  Latin  warrior,  A.  XI. 

612,  615 
Acragas,     town     In     Sicily,     now 

Girgenti,  A.  III.  703 
Acrisione,    daughter    of    Acrbius, 

t.e.  Dana?,  Ca.  IX.  33 
Acrisioneus.    adj.    of    Acrislus,    A. 

VII.  410 

Acrisius,  king  of  Argos,  father  of 
Danae,  A.  vn.  372 

511 


INDEX 


Acron,  a  Greek,  A.  X.  719,  730 

Actaeus,  adj.  of  Attica,  Attic, 
Athenian,  E.  n.  24  ;    Ci.  102 

Actias,  adj.  of  Acte.  earlier  name 
for  Attica,  G.  iv.  463 

Actius,  adj.  of  Actium,  promontory 
and  town  of  Greece  on  the 
Ambracian  Gulf,  where  Octavius 
defeated  Antony  in  B.C.  31, 
A.  m.  2S0  ;    Tin.  675,  704 

Actor,  a  Trojan,  A.  VS..  500 ;  xn. 
94.  96 

Adamastus,  father  of  Achaeme- 
nides,  A.  in.  614 

Admetus,  king  of  Pherae  in 
Thessaly,  and  husband  of  Al- 
cestis.  who  died  that  he  might 
live.  Cu.  264 

Adonis,  a  youth  loved  by  Venus, 
E.  X.  18 

Adrastea,  daughter  of  Necessity, 
a  goddess  who  punishes  pride, 
Ci.  239 

Adrastus,  a  king  of  Argos,  only 
survivor  of  the  Seven  asainst 
Thebes,  A.  n.  4S0 

Aeacides,  son  of  Aeacus.  The 
term  is  applied  to  Peleus  and 
Telamon,  Cu.  297  ;  to  Achilles, 
son  of  Peleus,  A.  I.  99,  vi.  58  ; 
to  Ajax,  son  of  Telamon,  Cu. 
322  ;  to  Pvrrhus.  son  of  Achilles, 
A.  m.  296  ;  and  to  Perseus,  a 
remote  descendant,  A.  vi.  839 

Aeacus,  adj.  of  Aea  ;  applied  to 
Circe,  who  came  from  Aea  in 
Colcliis  to  the  Aeaean  island  ofl 
Latium,  which  later  became  the 
promontory  known  as  Mons 
Clrceius  (now  Monte  Circello), 
A.  m.  3S6 

Aegaeon,  a  giant,  A.  X.  565 

iegaeus,  adj.  Aegean,  applied  to 
the  sea  between  Greece  and 
Asia  Minor,  A.  Xii.  366 ;  Cu. 
355 ;  also  to  Neptune,  A.  m. 
74  ;   Ci-  474 

Aegina.  island  in  the  Saronlc  Gulf, 
Ci.  477 

Aegle,  a  Naiad,  E.  n.  20,  21 

Aegon,  a  shepherd,  E.  m.  2;  v.  72 

Aegyptius,  adi.  of  Egvpt ;  applied 
to  Cleopatra.  A.  vm.  688 

Aegyftus,  Egypt.  G.  nr.  210,  292; 
A.  vni.  6S7,  705 

Aeneadea,  descendant   of  Aeiieas  ; 

512 


used    of    those    associated    with 

Aeneas,    as   the   Trojans,    A.    i. 

157,    565 ;     in.    18 ;     v.    108 ; 

TU.    2S4,    334,    616 ;     vm.    341, 

648  ;     IX.    180.    235,    468,    735 ; 

X.  120;    XI.  503;    xn.  12,  186, 

779 
Aeneas,  hero  of  the  Aeneid 
Aeneius,   adj.   of   Aeneas,   7n.    1 ; 

X.  156,  494 

Aenides,   son   of   Aeneas,   i.e.   As- 

canius,  A.  IX.  653 
Aeolia,    country   of    the   winds,   a 

group    of   islands    off   the    west 

coast  of  Italy  (now  Lipari).  A.  I. 

52  :   X.  33 
Aeolides,  son  of  Aeolus  ;  applied  to 

Misenus,  A.  n.  164  ;   to  Ulysses, 

A.    Ti.    529 ;     and    to    Clytius, 

A.  IX.  774 
Aeolius,  adj.  of  Aeolus,  A.  v.  791 ; 

Tin.  416,  454 
Aeolus :  (1)  god  of  the  winds,  A.  i. 

52.   56,   65,    76,  141 ;    (2)  com- 
panion of  Aeneas,  A.  xn.  542 
AeQui  Falisci.  a  town  of  Etruria, 

A.  VII.  605 
Aequiculus,  adj.  of  the  Aeoui,  an 

Italian  people  on  both  sides  of 

the  Anio.  A.  vu.  747 
Aethiops,  an  Ettiiopian,  .E.  x.  68  : 

G.  n.  120  ;   A.  IT.  481 
Aethon,  a  horse  of  Pallas,  A.  XI.  89 
Aetna,   the   famous   Mt.    Etna   in 

Sicily,  O.  I.  472  ;  rv.  173  ;  A.  lU. 

554,  571,  579,  674 
Aetnaeus,    adj.    of    Etna,    A.    m. 

678  ;    vn.  7S6  ;    vm.  419,  440 ; 

XI.  263  ;   Cu.  332 

Aetolus.  adj.  of  Aetolia,  in  central 
Greece,  A.  X.  28;  XI.  239,  308, 
428 

Afer.  adj.  African.  E.  I.  64  ;  G.  in. 
344  ;  A.  vni.  724  ;  Ca.  IS.  51  ; 
Ci.  4S0  ;    il.  32 

Africa.  A.  rv.  37 

Airicus,  adj.  African,  A.  1.  86; 
D.  39 

Agamemnonius,  adj.  of  Agamem- 
non, king  of  Mycenae  and  com- 
mander-in-chief of  the  Greek 
forces  before  Troy ;  used  with 
re*  "  cause,"  A.  in.  54 ;  with 
Mycenae,  A.  vi,  S38 ;  with 
phalangu,  A .  vr.  489 :  of 
Orestes,  son  of  Aganiemnon    A. 


INDEX 


IV.  471 ;  of  Halaesus,  vir.  723  ; 
In  this  last  case  it  may  mean 
"  of  tlie  house  of  Agamemnon  " 

Aganippe,  a  fountain  in  Boeotia, 
haunt  of  the  Muses,  E.  x.  12 

Agathyrsus,  adj.  As  a  plural,  a 
Scythian  people  who  stained 
their  bodies,  A.  iv.  146 

Agaue,  or  Agave,  daughter  of 
Cadmus,  wife  of  Echion,  king 
of  Thebes,  who  in  the  madness 
of  Bacchic  rites  tore  her  son 
Pentheus  to  pieces,  Cu.  Ill 

Agenor,  founder  of  the  Phoenician 
kingdom,  and  ancestor  of  Dido, 
A.  I.  338 

Agis,  Lycian  warrior,  A.  X.  751 

Aglaie,  one  of  the  Graces,  Ca.  ix. 
CO 

Agiippa,  i.e.  M.  Vipsanius  Agrippa, 
son-in-law  of  Augustus,  A.  vm. 
682 

Agyllinus,  adj.  of  Agylla,  Greek 
name  of  Caere,  now  Cervetri, 
A.  vn.  652  ;  VIII.  479  ;  xn.  281 

Aiax,  Ajax,  son  of  Oileus  ;  on  the 
night  of  Troy's  fall,  he  offered 
violence  to  Cassandra  in  Mi- 
nerva's temple,  A.  I.  41  ;   ii.  414 

Alba,  i.e.  Alba  Longa,  said  to  be 
the  mother  city  of  Rome,  A.  I. 
271;  V.  597;  VI.  766,  770; 
Viii.  48  ;   IX.  387 

Albanus,   adj.   of  Alba,   A.   I.   7 ; 

V.  600 ;  VI.  763 ;  VII.  602 : 
VIII.  643  ;  IX.  388  ;  xii.  134,  826 

Albula,  ancient  name  of  the  Tiber, 

A.  VIII.  332 
Albunea,   a   forest  or  grove   near 

Laurentum,  A.  VII.  83 
Alburnus,  a  mountain  in  Lucania, 

in  Italy,  Q.  in.  147 
Alcander,  a  Trojan,  A.  IX.  767 
Alcanor  :  (1)  a  Trojan,  A.  ix.  672  ; 

(2)  a  Latin,  A.  X.  338 
Alcathous  :  (1)  founder  of  Megara, 

Ci.  105,  106  ;  (2)  a  Trojan,  A.  X. 

747 
Alcestis,  wife  of  Admetus,  Cu.  262 
Alcides,    descendant    of    Alcaeus, 

used  especially  of  his  grandson 

Hercules,  E.  vii.  61  ;   A.  v.  414  ; 

VI.  123,  392,  801  ;  VIII.  203,  219, 
249,  256,  363  ;    X.  321,  461,  464 

Alcimedon,  a  carver  in  wood,  E.  m. 
37,44 


VIRO.    II. 


Alcinous,  king  of  Homer's  Phaea- 

cians,  Q.  ii.  87 
Alcippe,  a  female  slave,  E.  vii.  14 
Alcon,  a  sculptor  or  engraver,  Cu. 

67  ;  E.  V.  11   (here  perhaps  an 

archer) 
Aletes,  companion  of  Aeneas,  A.  I. 

121 ;    IX.  246,  307 
Alexis,    a    slave-boy,     loved     by 

Corydon,  E.  ii.  1,  6,  19,  56,  65, 

73  :   V.  86  ;   vii.  55 
Allecto,  one  of  tlie  tliree  Furies, 

A.  Vll.  324,  341,  405,  415,  445, 

476 ;   X.  41 
Allia.  a  branch  of  the  Tiber  sbc 

miles    from    Rome,    where    the 

Gauls     defeated     the     Romans 

July  16,  390  B.C.,  A.  vii.  717 
Almo,  a  Latin,  A.  vii.  532,  575 
Aloidae,    descendants    of    Aloeus, 

Otus  and  Ephialtes,  giants,  A.  vi. 

582 
AIpps,  the  Alps,  G.  I.   475 ;    in. 

474  ;    A.  X.  13 
Alphesiboeus,   a  herdsman,   E.   v. 

73  ;    VIII.  1,  5,  62 
Alpheus,  river  of  Ells,  which  was 

fabled  to  reappear  in  Sicily,  O. 

III.  19,  180  ;   A.  III.  604  ;   x.  179 
Alpinus,    adj.    Alpine,    E.    x.    47 ; 

A.  IV.  442  ;    VI.  830  ;    viii.  661 
Alsus,  a  Latin,  A.  xil.  304 
Amaryllis,  a  rustic  girl,  E.  I.  5,  30, 

36  :  n.  14,  52  ;  III.  81 ;  viii.  77, 

78,  101 ;   IX.  22 
Amastrus,  a  Trojan,  A.  XI.  673 
Amata,   wife   of   Latinus,   A.    VII. 

343,  401,  581 ;   IX.  737  ;   XII.  56. 

71 
AmathuSj  a  town  of  Cyprus,  A.  x.  51 
Amathusia,  i.e.  Venus,  Ci.  242 
Amazon,  an  Amazon,  A.  XI.  648, 

660.       Also   Amazonides,   A.   1. 

490  ;   Amazonius,  A.  v.  311 
Amerinus,  adj.  of  Ameria,  a  town  of 

Umbria,  now  Amelia,  O.  I.  265 
Aminaeus,    adj.    of    Aminaea,    a 

district  of  Picenum,  G.  ii.  97 
Amiternus,  adj.  of  Amiternum,  a 

Sabine  to-mi,  now  San  Vittorino, 

A.  VII.  710 
Amor,  son  of  Venus,  and  god  of 

love,    Cupid,    E.    VIII.    43,    47 

X.  28,  29,  44,  69  ;    G.  III.  244 

A.  I.  663,  689  ;  IV.  412  ;    X.  188 

Oa.  xrv.  10  ;    Co.  20 

513 
L  L 


INDEX 


Amphlon.    king    of    Thebes,    and 

husband  of  Niobe,  E.  U.  £-4 
Amphitrite,  vrife  of  Xeptnne  and 

goddess  of  the  sea,  Ci.  73,  4S6 
Amphitryoniades,  son  or  descendant 

of  Amphitryo,  i.e.  Hercules,  A. 

xm.  103,  214 
Amphrysius,    adj.    of   Amphrysns, 

A.  TI.  39S 
Amphrysus,   a  river   of  Thessaly, 

near  which  Apollo  fed  the  flocta 

of  Admetus,  G.  m.  2 
Ampsanctus,  a  lake  in  Samnium, 

east  of  Xaples,  A.  vn.  565 
Amyciae :    (1)  a  town  of  Latiam, 

A.     X.     664;      (2)  a     town     of 

Lacouia  In  Greece,  hence  Aniy- 

claeus.  adj.  G.  m.  89,  345  ;    Ci. 

376,  4S9 
.imycus  :   (1)  a  Trojan,  A.  i.  221 ; 

15.    772;     X.    704;     xn.    500; 

(2)  a     king     of    the     Thracian 

Bebryc-es,  A.  T.  373 
Amyntas.  a    shepherd,    E.  n.  35, 

39  ;  m.  66,  74,  S3  ;  T.  8,  15,  18  ; 

S.  37,  38,  41 
Amythaonius,   adj.   of  Amythaon, 

father  of  Melampus,  and  son  of 

Cretheus,  G.  m.  550 
Anagnla,  a  town  of  Latium,  now 

Anagni,  A.  vn.  684 
Anchemolus,  son  of  Rhoetus,  king 

of  the  ilarsians,  A.  S.  3S9 
Anchises,  son  of  Capys  and  father 

of  Aeneas.  A.  I.  617,  etc. 
Anchiseus,  adj.  of  Anchises,  A.  T. 

761 
Anchisiades,  son  of  Anchises,  t.*. 

Aeneas,  A.  v.  407  ;  n.  126,  348  ; 

vra.  521 ;    X.  250,  822 
Ancns.  Ancus  Martins,  fourth  king 

of  Rome,  A.  VI.  815 
Androgeos  :    (1)  son  of  Minos,  king 

of  Oxte,  slain  by  the  Athenians, 

A.  TL  20;   (2)  a  Greek  chief  at 

Troy,  A.  n.  371,  3S2,  392 
Andromache,  wife  of  Hector,  A.  n. 

456  ;   m.  297,  303,  319,  4S2,  487 
Angitia,  a  sorceress,  sister  of  Medea 

and  Circe,  honoured  by  the  Marsi, 

A.  vn.  759 
Anienus,  adj.  of  the  Anio,  G.  IT.  369 
A  nio,  a  tributary  of  the  Tiber,  now 

Tevej-one,  A.  vn.  6S3 
Anius,  a  king  of  Delos,  priest  of 

ApoUo,  J.  m.  80 

514 


Anna,  sister  of  Dido.  A.  it.  9,  20, 

31,  416,  421.  500,  634 
Antaeus,  a  Latin.  A.  X.  561 
Antandros,   a  town   of   Mysia,   at 

the  foot  of  Mt.  Ida,  A.  m.  6 
Antemnae,  a  Sabine  town  on  the 

Anio,  A.  vn.  631 
Antenor,    a    Trojan,    founder    of 

Patavium,  now  Padua,  A.  I.  242  ; 

hence  Antenorides,  son  of  An- 
tenor, A.  VI.  484 
Antheus,  a  Trojan,  A.  I.  181,  510 ; 

xn.  443 
Antigenes,  a  shepherd,  E.  v.  89 
Antiphates,  son  of  Sarpedon,  A.  rx. 

696 
Antonius,    the    triumvir,    Marcus 

Antonius,  defeated  by  Octavius 

at    Actium,    31    B.C.,    A.    Tin. 

685 
Ant  ores,  an  Arsdve  with  Evander, 

A.  X.'773,  779 
Annbis,  an  E^jTtian,  dog-headed 

god,  A.  vm.  693 
Ansur,  a  Ratalian.  A.  X.  545 
Anxurus,  adj.  of  Anxur.  old  name 

of  Terracina,  A.  vn.  799 
Aones,  adj.  Aonian,  Boeotian,  E.  vi. 

65 
Aonius,  adj.  Aonian.  Boeotian,  with 

vertex  (  =  Mt.  Helicon),  G.  m. 

11 ;   also  Aonie,  E.  x.  12 
Aornos,  Lake  Avemus,  now  Lago 

d'Avemo,  A.  vi.  242 
Aphaea.  an  epithet  of  Eritomartis, 

Ci.  303 
Aphidnus,  a  Trojan,  A.  VS..  702 
ApoUo,  son  of  Jupiter  and  Latona, 

and  twin-brother  of  Diana,  E.  m. 

104.  etc. 
Appennlnus,   the    Apennines,   the 

main   mountain-range   of   Italy, 

A.  xn.  703  ;  also  Appenninicola, 

dweller  in  the  Apennines,  A.  xi. 

700 
Aquarius,  the  water-bearer,  a  sign 

of  the  Zodiac,  G.  ni.  304 
Aquiculus,  a  Rutulian.  A.  rx  6S4 
Aquilo.   the   2sorth    wind,   or   the 

Xorth.  G.  I.  460  ;    n.   il3,  261, 

334,  404;    m.  196;    A.  I.  102, 

391 ;    m.  2S5  ;   IT.  310 ;    T.  2 ; 

vn.  361 ;   Ci.  145 
Arabs,  an  Arab,  G.  n.  115  ;  .4.  vm. 

706 ;    and  Arab  us,  a4i.  A.  vn. 

605;    Ci.  238 


INDEX 


Aracynthus,  a  mountain  between 
Attica  and  Boeotia,  E.  II.  21 

Arae,  rocky  islets  between  Sicily 
and  Africa,  A.  I.  109 

Araris,  a  river  of  Gaul,  now  the 
Saone,  E.  i.  C2 

Araxea,  a  river  of  Armenia,  A.  vin. 
72.8 

Arcadia,  a  district  in  the  interior  of 
the  Peloponnesus,  E.  IV.  58,  59  ; 
X.  26  ;  0.  III.  392  ;  A.  VIII.  159  ; 
X.  429 ;  also  Arcadius,  adj. 
Arcadian,  O.  IV.  283  ;  A.  V.  299  ; 
VUI.  573  ;  X.  425  ;  XII.  272  ; 
and  Areas,  adj.  with  plural,  as 
substantive,  the  Arcadlaas,  E. 
vn.  4,  26  ;  'X.  31,  33  ;  A.  vui. 
61,  102,  129,  352,  518  ;  X.  239, 
364,  397,  452,  491  ;  XI.  93,  142, 
395,  835  ;  XII.  231,  281,  51S,  551, 

Arceus,  a  Sicilian,  A.  ix.  581,  583 

Arcetius,  a  Rutulian,  A.  Xli.  459 

Archippus,  an  Umbrian,  A.  vn.  752 

Arctos,  the  constellation  of  the 
Great  and  Little  Bear,  or  the 
North,  O.  I.  138,  245,246  ;  A.Vl. 
16 

Arcturus,  the  brightest  star  in 
Bootes,  whose  rising  and  setting 
are  attended  by  bad  weather, 
a.  I.  68,  204  ;    A.  I.  744  ;   Hi.  516 

Ardca,  capital  of  the  Rutulians, 
A.  VII.  411,  412,  631;  IX.  738; 
xn.  44 

Arethusa :  (1)  a  fountain  near 
Syracuse,  A.  in.  090 ;  (2)  the 
nymph  of  the  fountain,  O.  iv. 
344,  351 ;  (3)  a  Sicilian  Muse, 
E.  X.  1 

Argi,  city  of  Argos,  capital  of 
Argolis  in  the  Peloponnesus, 
sacred  to  Juno,  and  representa- 
tive of  Greece  in  general,  A.  I.  24, 
285  ;  n.  95,  178,  326  ;  VI.  838  ; 
Tii.  286 ;  X.  779,  782 ;  also 
Argivus,  adj.  of  Argos,  with 
masc.  plur.  the  Greeks,  A.  l.  40, 
650 ;  II.  254,  393 ;  III.  547  ; 
V.  672  ;  VU.  672,  794  ;  XI.  243  ; 
XII.  544 ;  Cu.  335 ;  Argolicus, 
adj.  Argive,  Greek,  A.  II.  55,  78, 
119,  177  ;  m.  283,  637  ;  V.  52, 
314;  vin.  374;  IX.  202 ;  X.  56; 
Cu.  303 

Argiletum,  a  street  in  Rome  con- 
necting   the    Forum    with    the 


Subura,  .4.  vin.  345  (where  see 

note  on  the  word) 
Argitis,  a  vine  with  ichile  grapes 

(cp.  argentum),  O.  ii.  99 
Argo,  the  sliip  in  which  Jason  sailed 

to  Colchis  for  the  golden  fleece, 

E.  IV.  34;    hence  Argons,  adj., 

Cu.  137 
Argus :       (1)     the     hundred-eyed 

keeper  of  lo,  slain  by  Mercury, 

A.  VII.  791 ;    (2)  a  fabled  guest 

of  Evander,  A.  VIII.  346 
Argyripa,  a  town  of  Apulia,  founded 

by    Diomedes    of    Argos,    later 

called  Arpi,  A.  XI.  246 
Aricia,    a   town    of    Latium,    now 

Biccio,  A.  VII.   762  (where  the 

reference  may  be  to  a  nymph  of 

the  place) 
Arion,  of  Methynma  in  Lesbos,  a 

semi-legendary  poet  and  musician. 

When  sailing  home  from  Sicily 

with  treasure,    iie  leapt  into  the 

sea   to   escape   from    murderous 

sailors   and    was   rescued    by   a 

dolphin,  E.  VIII.  56 
Arisba,  a  town  of  the  Tread,  A.  ix. 

264 
Aristaeus,  son  of  Apollo  and  Cyrene, 

and  a  god  of  shepherds,  O.  iv.  317, 

350,  355,  437 
Ariusius.  adj.  of  Ariusia,  a  district 

in  Chios,  E.\.  71 
Armenius,  adj.  Armenian,  E.  v,  29 
Arna,  a  town  of  Lycia,  Cu.  14 
Arpi  (see  Argyripa),  A.  X.  28 ;   XI. 

250,  423 
Arquitenens,  adj.,  holding  a  bow  ; 

as    subst.    the    Archer-god,    i.e. 

Apollo,  A.  m.  75 
Arruns,  an  Etruscan,  A.  xi.   759, 

763,  784,  806,  814,  853,  864 
Asbytes,  a  Trojan,  A.  XU.  362 
Ascauius  :    (1)  a  river  in  Bithynia, 

O.  III.  270 ;    (2)  a  son  of  Aeneas 

and    Creusa,    called    also    liilus, 

A.  1.  267,  etc. 
Ascareus,  adj.  of  Ascra,  a  town  in 

Boeotia,   where  the   Greek  poet 

Hesiod,    author    of    Works    and 

Days,    was    born,    E.    vi.    70 ; 

Q.  n.  176 ;    Cu.  96 
Asilas,  an  Etruscan,  A.  ix.   571 ; 

X.  175  ;    XI.  620  ;    xn.  127,  550 
Asius,   adj.    of    Asia,    originally   a 

town  of  Lydia  ;    hence,  of  the 

515 

L    L    2 


INDEX 


region  round  about,  O.  1.  383  ; 
IV.  3 13  ;  A.  VII.  701  ;  in  a  wider 
sense,  of  the  province  of  Asia, 
with  tlie  fem.  as  a  noun,  Asia, 
G.  II.  171;  III.  30;  A.  I.  385; 
II.  193,  557  ;  m.  1 ;  vn.  224 ; 
X.  91 ;  XI.  268  ;  xn.  15  ;  Ca. 
in.  i 

Asius,  a  Trojan,  A.  X.  123 

Assaraci,  two  Trojans,  A.  X.  124 

Assaracus,  son  of  Tros,  and  father 
of  Capys,  6.  in.  35  ;  A.  I.  284  ; 
VI.  650,  778  ;  IX.  259,  G43  ;  XII. 
127 

Assyrius,  adj.  of  Assyria,  E.  rv.  25  ; 
0.  II.  465  ;    Ci.  440 ;    Cu.  62 

Asteria,  i.e.  Delos,  so  named  from 
Asteria,  daughter  of  the  Titan 
Coeus,  who  was  here  throi^Ti  into 
the  sea,  Cu.  15 

Astyanax,  son  of  Hector,  A.  II. 
457  ;   in.  489 

Astyr,  an  Etruscan,  A.  X.  180,  181 

Asylum,  the  depression  between 
the  two  summits  of  the  Capitoline 
hill  in  Home,  wliich  Romuhis 
made  a  place  of  refuge,  A.  VIU. 
342 

Athenae,  Athens,  Ci.  22,  469 

Athesis,  a  river  in  Venetia,  now 
the  Adige,  A.  ix.  680 

Athos,  a  mountain  in  Macedonia 
on  tlie  Strymonian  Gulf,  now 
Monte  Sauto,  G.  I.  332 ;  A.  XU. 
701 ;   Cu.  31 

Atii,  a  Roman  gens  :  the  mother 
of  Augustus  was  Atia,  A.  V.  568 

Atilius,  Ca.  xn.  5 

Atina,  a  town  of  the  Volscians,  A. 
vn.  630 

Atinas,  a  Latin,  A.  XI.  869  ;  xn. 
661 

Atlantis,  a  daughter  of  Atlas,  A. 
vm.  135  ;  plur.  the  Pleiades,  his 
daughters,  a  constellation,  G.  I. 
221 

Atlas,  son  of  lapetus,  father  of 
Electra  and  Maia,  changed  by 
Perseus,  through  the  help  of 
Medusa's  head,  into  Mount  Atlas, 
in  northern  Africa,  A.  I.  741 ;  IV. 
247,  248,  481  ;  VI.  796 ;  Vin. 
136,  140,  141 

Atrides,  son  of  Atreus  :  Agamem- 
non, Cu.  334  ;  Menelaus,  A.  XI. 
262 ;    plur.  of  botli  sons,  A.  I. 

516 


458;  n.  104,  415,  500;  vm. 
130  ;   IX.-138,  602 

Attalicus,  adj.  of  Attains,  the  name 
of  several  kings  of  Pergamos. 
One  of  these,  Attalus  III.,  left 
his  enormous  wealth  to  tlie 
Roman  people,  Cii.  63 

Atticus,  adj.  of  Attica  or  Athens, 
Ca.  II.  3  ;    Ci.  115 

Atys,  a  young  Trojan,  A.  v.  568, 
569 

Autidus,  a  river  of  Apulia,  now 
Ofanto,  A.  XI.  405 

Augustus,  imperial  title  of  Octavius 
Caesar,  A.  vi.  792  ;  viil.  678 

Aulestes,  an  Etruscan,  A.  X.  207  ; 
xn.  290 

Aulis,  a  town  of  !^oeotia,  whence 
the  Greeks  sailed  for  Troy,  A.  rv. 
426 

Aunus,  a  Ligurian,  A.  XI.  700, 
717 

Aurora,  goddess  of  the  morning, 
daughter  of  Hyperion,  wife  of 
Tithonus,  and  mother  of  Mem- 
non  ;  used  for  the  eastern  world, 
the  East ;  G.  I.  249,  447 ;  rv. 
544,  552 ;  A.  I.  751 ;  in.  521, 
589  ;  rv.  7,  129,  568.  585  ;  v.  65, 
105 ;  VI.  535 ;  vil.  26,  606 ; 
vm.  686  ;  IX.  Ill,  460  ;  X.  241 ; 
XI.  1,  182;  xn.  77;  Cu.  44; 
L.  72 

Auruucus,  adj.  of  Aurunca,  an  old 
town  of  Campania ;  plvr.  Au- 
runci,  the  oldest  inhabitants  of 
Italy ;  ^.  vn.  206,  727,  795  ; 
X.  353  ;    xn.  94 

Ausonia,  land  of  the  Ausoaes 
(Ausonidae  or  Ausonii),  ancient 
name  of  the  people  of  southern 
Italy  ;  hence,  Italy,  A.  in.  477, 
479,  496  ;  vn.  55.  623  ;  IX.  136  ; 

X.  54,  356  ;   XI.  58 
Ausonidae  (see  Ausonia),  A.  X.  564  ; 

XI.  297  ;  xn.  121 

Ausonius.   adj.   Ausonian,   Italian, 

G.  n.  385 ;    A.  III.  171,  etc. 
Auster.    the    south    wind ;     plur. 

winds   in    general ;    E.   n.    58 ; 

V.  82 ;    G.  I.  241,  333,  418,  462  ; 

n.  188,  333,  429  ;   in.  278,  357  ; 

rv.  261 ;    A.  I.  51,  536  ;   n.  Ill, 

304;    in.   61,  70,   357,  481;    V. 

696,  764;    VI.  336;    vm.  430; 

IX.  670 


INDEX 


Automedon,  charioteer  of  Achillea, 
A.  II.  477 

Aventlnus :  (1)  a  son  of  Hercules 
and  Rhea,  .4.  Vii.  657  ;  (2)  the 
Aventlne,  one  of  Rome'3  seven 
hills,  A.  VII.  659  ;   viii.  231 

Avernus,  adj.  of  Averiius,  a  lake 
near  Cumae  in  Campania,  iu  an 
old  volcanic  crater.  It  was  said 
that  birds  flying  over  it  were 
killed  by  the  fumes  rising  up, 
and  popular  etymology  connected 
the  name  with  aopvo?,  birdless 
(see  A.  VI.  242).  Tradition 
placed  near  this  an  entrance  to 
the  lower  world,  hence  the  word 
(both  as  adj.  and  subst.)  is  used 
of  the  lower  world  itself ;  O.  II. 
1C4 ;  IV.  493 ;  A.  III.  442 ; 
IV.  512;  V.  732,  813;  vi.  118, 
126,  201,  564,  898  ;   vii.  91 


Baccheius,  adj.  of  Bacchus,  O.  n. 

454 
Bacchus,     son     of     Jupiter     and 

Seniele,  god  of  wine  and  of  poets  ; 

also  used  figuratively  of  the  vine 

and  of  wine;  £'.  v.  69;  <?.  il.  113, 

380,  etc. 
Bactra,    capital    of    Bactriana,    a 

remote  district  between  Hindoo 

Koosh  and  the  O.xus,  now  Balkh, 

in  Afghanistan,  G.  II.   138  ;    A. 

VIII.  688 
Baiae,    a    town    of    Campania,    a 

favourite   seaside   resort  of  the 

Romans,  A.  IX.  710 
Balearis,    adj.     Balearic,    of    tlie 

Balearic    Islands    Majorca    and 

Jlinorca,    whose    people     were 

famous  for  the  use  of  the  sling, 

O.  I.  309 
Barcaei,   Barcaeans,   or   people   of 

Barce,  iu  Libya,  A.  iv.  43 
Battarus,  D.  1,  14,  30,  54,  64,  71, 

97 
BatuUim,  a  town  of  Campania,  A. 

VII.  739 
Bavius,  a  poetaster,  contemporary 

with  Virgil,  E.  III.  90 
Bebrycius,    adj.    of    Bebrycia    or 

Bithynia,    a    province    of    Asia 

Minor,  A.  V.  373 
Belt'icus,  adj.   Belgian,   or   of  the 

Belgao,    a    Gallic    tribe    which, 


like     the     Britons,     used     war- 
chariots,  G.  III.  204 
Belides,  son  of  Belus,  or  descended 

from  Belus,  A.  ii.  82 
Bellona,  sister  of  Mars,  and  goddess 

of  war,  A.  vil.  319  ;   viii.  703 
Belus  :   (1)  founder  of  Dido's  royal 

line,  A.  I.  720.  730  ;    (2)  father 

of  Dido,  4.  I.  621 
Benacus,  one  of  the  Italian  lakes, 

near  Verona,  now  Lago  di  Garda, 

O.  II.  160  ;   A.  X.  205 
Berecyntius,  adj.  of  Berecyntus,  a 

mountain  in  Fhrygia,  sacred  to 

Cybele,  A.  vi.  784  ;    ix.  82,  619 
Beroe :    (1)  one  of  the  Oceanidae, 

or  ocean  nymphs,  G.  iv.   340 ; 

(2)  wife  of  Doryclus,  A.  V.  620, 

646,  650 
Bianor,  founder  of  Mantua,  E.  ix.  60 
Bisaltae,  a  Thracian  tribe  on  the 

Strymon,  O.  in.  461 
Bistonius,  adj.,  and  Bistonis,  adj. 

fern.,  Bistonian  or  Thracian,  the 

Bistones  being  a  people  of  Tlirace, 

Ci.  165  ;    Cu.  2r>2 
Bitias :    (1)  a  Tyrian  noble,  A.  i. 

738  ;    (2)  a  Trojan,  A.  IX.  672, 

703  ;   XI.  390 
Bocchus,  a  king  of  Mauretania,  cp. 

Cu.  406 
Boethus,    a   famous   sculptor   and 

engraver  on  silver,  Cu.  67 
Bola,  a  town  of  Latium,  A.  vi.  775 
Bootes,  Bootes,  a  constellation,  to 

wliich  Arcturus  belongs ;    it  sets 

from  Oct.  29  to  Nov.  2  6.  I.  229 
Boreas,  the   North   wind,  E.  vii. 

51;     0.    I.    93,    370;     II.    316; 

III.  278  ;    A.  III.  687  ;    iv.  442  ; 

XII.  3G5  ;  D.  37  ;  also,  personified 

as  Boreas,  son  of  the  river-god 

Strymon,   and   wedded   to    Ori- 

thyia,  A.  X.  350 
Briareus,  a  hundred-armed  giant, 

A.  VI.  287 
Britanni,   the   Britons,   E.   I.    66 ; 

G.  III.  25 
Britomartis,  a  daughter  of  Jupiter 

and   Carme.       Being   wooed   by 

Minos,  she  fled  into  the  sea,  but 

was  rescued  by  Diana.     In  Crete 

she   was   worshipped   under   the 

name  Dictyna,  Ci.  295,  290 
Brixia,  a  town  in  Gallia  Cisalpiua, 

now  Brescia,  Ca.  X.  6 

517 


INDEX 


Bromins,  another  name  for  Bacchus, 

Co.  20 
Brontes,    a    Cyclops    in    Vulcan's 

smithy,  A.  vm.  425 
Brutus,  i.e.  L.  Junius  Brutus,  who 

expelled  the  Tarquins,  and  waa 

first  consiil,  A.  vi.  818 
Bumastus,  a  species  of  grape,  O.  n. 

102  (cp.  Cu.  407) 
Basins,    an    Egyptian    king,    who 

sacrificed    strangers,    and    was 

slain  hy  Hercules,  0.  ni.  5 
Butes  :  (1)  son  of  Amycus,  king  of 

the    Bebrycians,    A.    v.     372 ; 

(2)  armour-bearer    of    Anchises, 

and  guardian  of  Ascanius,  A.  IX. 

647  ;    (3)  a  Trojan,  perhaps  the 

same  as  the  precediug,  A.  v.  372 
Buthrotum,  a  city  of  Epirus,  now 

Butrinto,  A.  in.  293 
Byrsa.  citadel  of  Carthage,  A.  I.  367 


Cacus,  a  son  of  Vuican,  a  fabulous 
monster  once  dwelling  in  a  forest 
on  the  Aventine,  A.  Tin.  194, 
205,  213,  222,  241,  259,  303 

Cadmeus,  adj.,  and  Cadmeis,  adj. 
fern.,  of  Cadmus,  founder  of  the 
Cadmea,  or  citadel  of  Thebes ; 
hence,  Theban,  Cu.  254 ;  he 
was  the  father  of  Agave,  Cu.  Ill 

Caeculus,  a  son  of  Vulcan  and 
founder  of  Praeneste,  A.  tu. 
6S1 ;  X.  544 

Caedicus:  (I)  an  Etruscan,  A.  x. 
747 ;  (2)  friend  of  Remulus, 
A.  IX.  362 

Caeneus :  (Da  Thessalian  girl 
named  Caenis,  transformed  into 
a  boy  by  Xeptune,  and  later 
restored  to  her  original  ses,  A. 
Ti.  448  ;  (2)  a  Trojan  warrior, 
A.  IX.  573 

Caerateus,  adj.  of  Caeratus,  a 
small  river  of  Crete,  near  Cnossus, 
now  Kartero,  Ci.  113 

Caere,  an  ancieat  city  of  Etruria, 
once  called  Agylla,  now  Cerve- 
tere,  A.  vm.  597  ;   X.  183 

Caerulus,  an  owner  of  a  lodging- 
house,  Ca.  X.  7 

Caesar,  a  family  name  in  the 
Julian  (jens  ;  hence  (1)  C.  Julius 
Caesar,  the  reno^Tied  general, 
statesman  and  dictator,  assassia- 


ated  by  Brutus  and  Cassius 
44  B.C.,  E.  IX.  47  ;  G.  I.  466  ; 
Ca.  xin.  9  ;  (2)  C.  Julius  Caesar 
Octavianus,  also  called  Augustus 
when  emperor,  grand-nephew  of 
the  dictator,  who  adopted  him 
as  his  son  and  heir ;  (.in  the 
Aeneid  Caesar  is  always  Au- 
gustus) ;  G.  I.  25,  503  :  II.  170  : 
ni.  16,  47,  48  ;  iv.  5G0  ;  A.  I. 
286 ;  TI.  789,  792 ;  TUI.  678, 
714  ;    Ca.  Sir.  11 

Caicus :  (1)  a  river  of  Mysia,  now 
the  llandragora,  G.  it.  270 ; 
(2)  a  Trojan,  A.  I.  183  :  IX.  35 

Caieta  :  (1)  a  town  of  Latium,  now 
Gaeta,  A.  ti.  900  ;  (2)  the  nurse 
of  Aeneas,  A.  TU.  2 

Calaber,  adj.  of  Calabria,  a  district 
of  lower  Italy,  G.  in.  425 

Calchas,  son  of  Thestor,  and  the 
most  famous  seer  among  the 
Greeks  at  Troy,  A.  u.  100,  122, 
176,  182,  135 

Cales.  a  town  of  Campania,  now 
Calvi,  A.  vu.  728 

Calliope  (-ea).  Calliope,  chief  of 
the  Muses,  E.  it.  57 ;  A.  ix. 
525  ;    Cd.  XT.  4 

Calybe,  priestess  of  Juno  among 
the  Bdtuli.  A.  Til.  419 

Calybita,  i)erhaps  a  common,  not 
proper,  noun,  Co.  25 

Calydon,  a  town  of  Aetolia,  home 
of  Oeneus,  father  of  Tydeus,  and 
grandfather  of  Diomedes,  A.  Til. 
306,  307  ;   XI.  270 

Camena,  pure  Latin  name  of  the 
Greek  MoCo-a,  Muse,  E.  m.  59  ; 
Ca.  T.  11,  12 

Camerina,  a  town  on  the  south 
coast  of  Sicily,  near  which  was 
a  marsh  which  an  oracle  had 
forbidden  the  citizens  to  drain. 
However,  they  did  drain  it, 
whereupon  their  enemies,  cross- 
ing the  dry  land  thus  formed, 
captured  the  city,  A.  m.  701 

earners,  a  Eutulian,  A.  X.  562 ; 
xn.  224 

Camilla,  a  Volscian  heroine,  A.  Tn. 
803  ;  XI.  432,  498,  535,  543,  563, 
604,  649,  657,  689,  760,  796, 
821,  833,  839,  856,  868,  892.  S98 

Camillus,  i.e.  M.  Furius  Camillus, 
who  took  Veil,  and  freed  Bome 


518 


INDEX 


from  the  Gauls,  390  B.O.,  0.  Ii. 

169;    A.  VI.  825;    Cii.  362 
Carapanus,  adj.  of  Campania,  A.  X. 

1-15 
Canopus,  a  town   on  the  western 

mouth  of  the  Nile,  O.  iv.  287 
Capenus,  adj.  of  Capena,  a  town  in 

Etruria,  A.  vii.  097 
Caphereus,    a   promontory    of   the 

island  Euboea,  A.  XI.  260  ;    Cm. 

354 
Capitolium,    the    Capitol    hill    in 

Home,  A.  VI.  836  ;  VIII.  347,  653  ; 

IX.  448 
Capreae,  now  Capri,  an  island  just 

outside  the  Bay  of  Naples,  A.  vil. 

735 
Capua,    chief    city    of    Campania, 

now  Santa  Maria,  O.  II.  224 
Capys  :  (1)  a  companion  of  Aeneas, 

said  to  have  founded  Capua,  A.  I. 

183  ;    II.  35  ;    IX.  576  ;    X.  145  ; 

(2)  the  eighth  king  of  Alba,  A.  VI. 

768 
Car    (plnr.    Cares),    a    Carian,    of 

Caria  in  Asia  Minor,  A.  viil.  725 
Carme,  daughter  of  Phoenix,  and 

mother  of  Britomartis,  Ci.  220, 

278,  285 
Carmentalis,     adj.     of     Carmentis, 

A.  VIII.  338 
Carmentis,  mother  of  Evander,  A. 

VIII.  336,  339 
Carpathius,  adj.  of  Carpathus,  an 

island     in     the     Aegean,     now 

Scarpanto,    O.    IV.    387 ;     A.   V. 

595  ;   Ci.  113 
Casmilla,  mother  of  Camilla,  A.  xi. 

543 
Casperla,  a  Sabine  town,  A.  vii.  714 
Caspius,  adj.  of  the  Caspii,  a  nation 

of  Media  ;   Caspian,  A.  VI.  798 
Cassandra,  daugiiter  of  Priam  and 

Hecuba,  beloved  of  Apollo,  and 

gifted   by   him   with   prophecy ; 

though  she  proclaimed  the  do^vn- 

fall  of  Troy,  she  was  believed  by 

no   one,   A.   II.    246,   343,   404 ; 

III.  183,  187  ;   V.  636  ;   X.  68 
Cassiopea,    wife    of    Ccpheus,    and 

mother     of     Andromeda ;      she 

finally    became    a    constellation, 

Ca.  IX.  28 
Castalia,  a  fountain  of  Parnassus, 

sacred  to  Apollo  and  the  Muses, 

a.  III.  293  ;   Cu.  17 


Castor :  (1)  son  of  Tyndarus  and 
Leda,  brother  of  Helen  and 
Pollux,  identified  with  the  con- 
stellation Gemini,  served  as  a 
guide  to  sailors,  Ca.  x.  25 ; 
(2)  a  Trojan,  A.  X.  124 

Castrum  luui.  Fort  of  Inuus,  a 
town  of  the  Prisci  Latini,  in 
I.atiuni,  A.  VI.  775 

Catilina,  i.e.  L.  Sergius  Catiline, 
who  conspired  for  the  downfall 
of  Home,  A.  viii.  668 

Catillus,  one  of  the  founders  of 
Tibur,  A.  vil.  672  ;    XI.  640 

Cato :  (1)  M.  Porcius  Cato,  the 
Censor,  a  stern  moralist,  A.  vi. 
841  ;  (2)  M.  Porcius  Cato,  called 
Uticensis,  because  he  killed 
himself  at  Utica,  A.  viil.  670 

Caucasius,  adj.  of  Caucasus,  where 
an  eagle  devoured  the  liver  of 
the  enchained  Prometheus,  E.  vi. 
42  ;   O.  II.  440 

Caucasus,  a  mountain-range  be- 
tween the  Black  and  Caspian 
Seas,  A.  IV.  367 

Caulon,  a  town  on  the  east  coast 
of  Bruttium  in  southern  Italy, 
A.  III.  553 

Caurus  (or  Corus),  the  north-west 
wind,  a.  III.  278,  356  ;  A.  V.  126  ; 
Ci.  460 

Caystros,  the  Cayster,  a  river  of 
Ionia,  now  the  Little  Meander, 
G.  1.  384 

Cea,  the  island  of  Ceos,  in  the 
Aegean,  0.  I.  14 

Cecropidae,  the  Athenians,  so- 
called  because  Ceerops  was  the 
fabled  founder  of  Athens,  A.  VI. 
21 

Cecropius,  adj.  of  Ceerops,  Athenian, 
Attic,  O.  IV.  .177,  270 ;  Ca.  IX. 
14 

Celaeno,  one  of  the  Harpies,  A.  iil. 
211,  245,  365,  713 

Celenma,  a  to^Yn  of  Camp.ania,  A. 
VII.  739 

Celeus,  a  king  of  Eleusis,  father  of 
Triptolemus,  0.  i.  165 

Centauri,  fabled  monsters  with 
human  heads  and  equine  bodies, 
0.  II.  456  ;  A.  VI.  280  ;  VII.  275  ; 
also  Ceutaureus,  adj.  Cu.  29 

Centaurus,  name  of  a  sliip,  A.  V. 
122,  155,  157  ;    X.  195 

519 


INDEX 


Cerauma,     a     mountain-range    in 

Epirus,    now    Monti    della    Chi- 

niaera,  G.  I.  332 ;   A.  UI.  506 
Cerberus,    the    three-headed    dog 

that    guarded    the    entrance    to 

the    lower  world,    0.    rv.    483 ; 

A.  VI.  417  ;    Cu.  220,  270 
Cerealis,   adj.   of   Ceres,   wheaten, 

0.  I.  212 ;    n.  517 ;    A.  I.  177 ; 

vn.  Ill 
Ceres,  goddess  of  agriculture  ;  used 

by    metonomv   of   corn,    bread, 

flour  :  E.  v.  79  ;   G.  I.  7,  96,  147, 

297,  339,  343,  347,  349  ;   U.  229  ; 

A.  I.  177,  701 ;  n.  113,  714,  742  ; 

Ti.  484 ;    vn.   113 ;    rm.   181 ; 

Ci.    230;     Co.    20:     Cu.    135; 

D.  l.i  :   il.  27,  43,  55 
Cetiiegus,  a  EutuUan.  A.  xn.  513 
Chalcidicus,  adj.  of  Chalcis,  chief 

city  of  Euboea.  E.  x.  50 ;   also, 

of  Cumae,  a  colony  of  Chalcis,  A. 

XI.  17 
Ciialcodonii,   the  people  near  the 

Chalcodoaian  Mount  in  Thsssaly, 

now  called  Earadagh,  Cu.  264 
Chalybes,    a    people    of    Pontus, 

famous  for  their  iron  and  steel, 

O.  I.  58 ;   A.  Tin.  421 ;   X.  174 ; 

(cp.  A.  rm.  446) 
Chaon,     a     Trojan,     brother     of 

Eelenus,  A.  m.  335 
Cliaonia,  a  district  of  Epirus,  A.  m. 

335 
Chaonius,  adj.  of  Chaonia  ;   also,  of 

Dodona,  a  city  of  Epirus,  famous 

for  its  oracle  of  Jupiter ;   E.  ix. 

13  ;  G.  I.  8  ;  n.  67  ;  A.  m.  293, 

334 
Chaos,  the  Lower  World  ;  also,  the 

god    of    that    world,    father    of 

Erebus  and  >"ox,  O.  iv.  347  ;   A. 

rv.  510  ;   VI.  205 
Charon,  a  god  of  the  Lower  World, 

son    of    Erebus    and    ICos,    and 

ferryman  of  the  Stys,  A.  VI.  299, 

326  ;    Cu.  216 
Charvbdis.  a  whirlpool  in  the  straits 

of  "Messina.  A.  m.  420,  558,  684  ; 

vn.  302  :    Cm.  332 
Chelae,    the    claws   of   Scorpio,    a 

constellation,  G.  I.  33 
Chimaera  :   (1)  a  monster  in  Lycia, 

in  front  a  lion,  in  the  hinder  part 

a  dragon,  and  in  the  middle  a 

go-at,    A.    TL    2S8;     VU.    785; 

520 


(2)  one  of  the  ships  of  Aeneas, 

A.  v.  118,  223 
Chimaereus,  adj.  of  the  Chimaera, 

Cu.  14 
Chiron,  a  Centaur,  son  of  Saturn 

and  rliillyra,  skilled  in  medicine, 

G.  m.  550 
Chloreus :    (1)  a  Phrygian,  A.  xn. 

363 ;     (2)  a    Trojan,    priest    of 

Cybele,  A.  XI.  768 
Chromis:    (1)  a   young   Satyr,  E. 

VI.    13;    (2)  a   Trojan,   A.   xi. 

675 
Cicones,  a  Thracian  tribe,  0.  iv. 

520 ;   Cu.  330 
CUis,   adj.    Cilician,    of    Cilicia,    a 

province  in  southern  Asia  Minor, 

Cu.  401 
Ciminus,  a  lake  of  Etruria,  now 

Lago    di    Ronciglione,    with    a 

mountain-forest  near  by,  A.  vn. 

697 
Cimmerius,    adj.    Cimmerian,    the 

Cimmerh  being  a  Tliracian  people 

in  the  Crimea,  Cu.  232 
Cinna,    i.e.    C.    EeMus    Cinna,    a 

Roman  poet,  E.  ix.  25 
Cinypliius,      adj.      Cinypliian     or 

Libyan,  Cinyps  being  a  river  of 

Libya,  0.  m.  312 
Cinyrus,    or    Cinyras,    a    Ligurian 

hero,  A.  X.  ISO 
Circe,  a  daughter  of  the  sun,  said 

to   have   gone   from   Colchis  to 

Circeii  in  Italy.     She  was  famous 

as    a    sorceress,    E.    vm.    70 ; 

A.  ni.   3S6;    VII.   20,  191,  282; 

also  Circaeus,  adj.  of  Circe,  A.  vn. 

10,  799 
Cisseus :     (Da    king    of    Thrace, 

father  of  Hecuba,  who  is  there- 
fore  called   Cisseis,   A.   v.   537 ; 

vn.  320 ;    X.  705  ;■    (2)  a  Latin 

warrior,  A.  X.  317 
Cithaeron.  a  mountain  in  Boeotia, 

G.  in.  43  ;   A.  IV.  303 
Clanius,  a  river  of  Campania,  6.  n. 

225 
Clarius,  adj.  of  Claros,  a  town  of 

Ionia,  famous  for  its  temnle  and 

oracle  of  Apollo,  A.  III.  360 
Clarus,  a  Lycian,  A.  X.  126 
Claudius,     adj.     Claudian.    There 

were  two  famous  Claudian  genUt, 

one  patrician,  the  other  plebeian, 

A.  vn.  708 


INDEX 


Clausus,  a  Sabine,   A.   vn.   707 ; 

X.  345 
Clio :   (1)  the  muse  of  history,  Ca. 

IV.     10 ;      (2)  a     daughter     of 

Oceanus,  O.  rv.  340 
Clitumnus,  a  river  of  Umbria,  O.  n. 

146 
Cloanthua,  a  Trojan,  A.  I.  222,  510, 

612;   V,  122,  152,  167,  225,  233, 

245 
Cloelia,    a    Roman    maiden    who 

escaped     from     Porsenna,     and 

swam  the  Tiber,  A.  viii.  651 
Clonius,    a    Trojan,    A.    IX.    574 ; 

X.  749 
Clonus,  a  sculptor  or  engraver,  A. 

X.  499 
Cluentius,  a  Roman  gentile  name, 

A.  V.  123 
Clusium,  a  town  of  Etruria,  now 

Ciiiusi,  A.  X.  167  ;  also  Chisinus, 

adj.  of  Clusium.  A.  X.  655 
Clvmene,  a  daughter  of  Oceanus, 

G.  IV.  345 
Clytius,  a  Trojan,  A.  IX.  774  ;    X. 

129,  325;    XI.  666 
Codes,  i.e.  Q.  Horatius  Codes,  v.'ho, 

in     the     war     with     Porsenna, 

guarded    the    bridge    over    the 

Tiber  until  it  was  hewa  down, 

A.  VIII.  650 
Cocytus,  a  river  of  the  Lower  World, 

0.  111.  38  ;   IV.  479  ;    A.  VI.  132, 

297,     323 ;      VII.     562 ;      with 

Cocytius,    adj.    of    Cocytus,    in- 
fernal, hellish,  A.  VII.  479 
Codrus,  a   poet  hostile   to   Virgil, 

E.  V.  11 ;   VII.  22,  26 
Coeus,    a    Titan,    the    father    of 

Latona,  O.  I.  279  ;    A.  IV.  179 
Colchis,  adj.  Colcliian,  of  Colchis, 

a  district  east  of  the  Black  Sea, 

now  Mingrelia,  Cu.  249 
Collatinus,  adj.  of  Collatia,  a  town 

of  Latium,  A.  VI.  774 
Colophoniacus,  adj.  of  Colophon,  a 

dty    of     Ionia,    north-west    of 

Ephesus,   one  of  several  places 

daiming  to  be  the  birthplace  of 

Homer,  Ci.  65 
Conon,    a    Greek    astronomer    of 

the  third   century    B.C.,  E.  ill. 

40 
Cora,  a  town  of  Latium,  A.  vi.  775 
Coras,  an  Argive,  A.  VII.  672 ;   XI. 

4G5,  604 


Corinthus,  Corinth,  a  famous  dty 
of  Greece,  destroyed  by  Mummius 
146  B.C.,  famous  for  its  old  works 
in  bronze,  and  as  the  place  where 
Medea  had  lived  with  Jason  and 
afterwards  murdered  her  own 
cliildren,  A.  VI.  836 ;  also 
Corlnthius,  adj.  Ca.  ii.  1 

Coroebus,  a  Plirygian,  to  whom 
Cassandra  was  betrothed,  A  ii. 
341,  386,  407,  424 

Corns  (see  Caurus) 

Corybantius,  adj.  of  the  Corybantes, 
priests  of  Cybele,  A.  in.  Ill 

Corycius,  adj.  Corycian,  of  Corycus, 
a  place  in  Cilicia,  G.  iv.  127  ; 
Ci.  317 

Corydon,  a  shepherd,  E.  ii.  1,  56, 
65,  69  ;  V.  86  ;  vil.  2,  3,  16,  20, 
40,70 

Corynaeus:  (1)  a  Trojan  priest, 
A.  VI.  228 ;  IX.  571 ;  (2)  a 
Rutulian,  A.  XII.  203 

Corythus :  (1)  a  town  of  Etruria, 
Cortona,  A.  ni.  170  ;  vii.  209  ; 
X.  719  ;  (2)  its  legendary  founder, 
A.  IX.  10 

Cosae,  a  city  of  Etruria,  now 
Ansedonia,  A.  X.  168 

Cossus,  i.e.  A.  Cornelius  Cossus, 
consul  428  B.C.,  who  won  the 
spolia  opima  by  slaying  the  king 
of  Veu,  A.  VI.  841 

Cotyttia,  the  festival  of  Cotytto,  a 
Thracian  goddess,  whose  worship 
was  celebrated  with  great  in- 
decency, Ca.  XIII.  19 

Crataeis,  mother  of  Scylla,  Ci.  06 

Cremona,  a  to\vn  of  Cisalpme  Gaul, 
whose  lands  were  confiscated  by 
Augustus,  E.  IX.  28  ;  Ca.  Vlll. 
6 ;   X.  12 

Cressius,  adj.  Cretan,  A.  iv.   70 ; 

VIII.  294 ;  with  Cressus,  O.  in. 
345  ;  A.  V.  285  ;  Ci.  384  ;  and 
Crataeus,  A.  m.  117  ;  xii.  412  ; 
Ci.  115 

Creta,  the  island  of  Crete,  E.  i.  65  ; 

A.   III.   104,   122,   129,    1G2;    V. 

588 ;    with  Cretes,  the  people  of 

Crete,  A.  IV.  146 
Cretheus :    (1)  a  warrior-bard,  A. 

IX.  774,  775  ;  (2)  a  Greek  in  the 
Trojan  army,  A.  XII.  538 

Creusa,  a  daughter  of  Priam,  and 
wife  of  Aeneas,  A.  II,  562,  597, 

521 


INDEX 


651,  666,  738,  769,  772,  778,  784  ; 

IX.  297 
Crinisus,  a  river  of  Sicily,  A.  v.  38 
Crustumeri,  a  town  of  the  Sabines, 

A.  VII.   631  ;    witli   Crustumius, 

adj.  G.  II.  88 
Cumae,     a    town     of    Campania, 

founded  by  Greeks  from  Chalcia 

in    Eiiboea,    A.    VI.     2 ;      Mitli 

Cumaeus,  adj.  E.  iv.  4  ;    A.  lU. 

441 ;   VI.  98 
Cupavo,  a  Ligurian  cliieftain,  A.  X. 

186 
Cupencus,  a  Rutulian,  A.  xii.  539 
Cupido,  Cupid,  Love,  son  of  Venus, 

A.  I.  658,  695  ;   witli  Cupidineus, 

adj.  Cu.  409 
Cures,  a  town  of  tlie  Sabines,  A.  VI. 

811  ;    VIII.  638  ;   X.  345 
Curates,      ancient     inhabitants  of 

Crete,      afterwards      priests      of 

Jupiter,  O.  IV.  151 ;    A.  in.  131 
Curius,  a  Roman  general,  conqueror 

of  PjTrhus,  Cu.  307 
Curtius,  a  youth  who  leaped  into  a 

newly-formed     chasm     in     the 

Roman  Forum,  and  after  whom 

the   spot   was   called   the   lacus 

Curtius,  Cu.  303 
Cybebe,  another  name  of  Cybele, 

A.  X.  220 
Cybele:    (1)  a   Plirygian   goddess, 

the  Magna  Mater  of  the  Romans, 

a.    166;     (2)  the   mountain   on 

which  the  goddess  dwelt,  A.  ill. 

Ill ;   also  called  Cybelus,  A.  xi. 

768 
Cyclades,  a  group  of  islands  around 

Delos  in  the  Aegean,  A.  in.  127  ; 

VIII.  692  ;    a.  471 
Cyclops,  one  of  the  Cyclopes,  one- 
eyed    giants,    who    worked    for 

Vulcan,    O.    I.    471;     Iv.    170; 

A.  lU.  569,  617,  644,  647,  675; 

VI.    630;     VIII.    418,    424,    440; 

XI.    203;     Cu.    332;     with    Cy- 

clopius,  adj.  A.  I.  201 
Cycnus,  father  of  Cupavo,  A.  X.  185 
Cydippe,  a  nymph.  O.  IV.  339 
Cydou:    (1)  a  Latin,  A.  x.  325; 

(2)  adj.    Cydonian,    of    Cydonia 

in  Crete,  used  for  Cretan,  A.  XII. 

858  ;   also  Cydonius,  E.  x.  59 
Cyllarus,  the  horse  of  Pollux,  O.  in. 

90 
Cyllene,    a    mountain    of   Arcadia, 

522 


the    birthplace    of    Mercury,    A. 
Vlll.    139;    with   Cyllenius    adj. 
of  Cyllene,   G.   i.   337 ;    A.  IV, 
252,  258,  276  ;    Ci.  108 
Cymodoce,  or  Cymodocea,  a  nymph, 

0.  IV.  338  ;   A.  v.  826  ;  X.  225 
Cymothoe,  a  nymph,  A.  i.  144 
Cynthus,    a    mountain    in    Delos, 

where   Apollo   was   born,   A.   i. 

498 ;    IV.    147 ;    with   Cyntliius, 

adj.  of  Cynthus,  i.e.  Apollo,  E. 

VI.  3  ;   0.  III.  36  ;   Ca.  IX.  60 
Cyprus,    the    island     of     Cyprus, 

sacred    to    Venus,    A.    1.    022 ; 

hence   Cyprius,  adj.   of   Cyprus, 

i.e.  Venus,  L.  68 
Cypselides,   son    of    Cypselus,    i.e. 

Periander,    tyrant    of    Corinth, 

Ci.  464 
Cyrenae,   a  Greek  city  In  Africa, 

Ca.  IX.  61 
Cyrene,  mother  of  Aristaeus,  G.  iv. 

321,  354,  376,  530 
Cyrneus,     adj.     of     Cyrnus,     i.e. 

Corsica,  E.  IX.  30 
Cythora,  an  island  south  of  Greece, 

now  Cerigo,  sacred  to  Venus,  A. 

1.  680;  X.  51,  86;  hence, 
Cytherea,/e?B.  adj.  the  Cytherean, 
i.e.  Venus,  A.  I.  257,  657  ;  IV. 
128;  V.  800;  viii.  523,  615; 
Ca.  XIV.  11 

Cj'thnos,  one  of  the  Cyclades 
islands,  now  Thermia,  Ci.  475 

Cytorus,  a  mountain  in  Paphla- 
gonia,  0.  II.  437  ;  with  Cytorius, 
adj.  of  Cytorus,  Ca.  x.  10 


Dacus,  adj.  Dacian,  of  the  Daci,  a 

people  on  the  north  bank  of  the 

Danube,  O.  II.  407 
Daedalus,  the  mythical  artist  who 

built  the  Labyrinth  in  Crete,  A. 

VI.  14,  29 
Dahae,   a  Scythian  tribe,   east  of 

the    Caspian,    in    modern    Dag- 

hestan,  A.  vill.  728 
Damoetas,   a   sheplierd,  E.  Ii.  37, 

39  ;   III.  1,  58  ;   V.  72 
Damon,  a  goatherd,  E.  m.  17,  23; 

VIII.  1,  5,  16,  62 
Danae,  daughter  of  Acrisius,  king 

of  Argos,  and  founder  of  Ardea, 

A.  VII.  410 
Danaus,     adj.     of     Danaus,     an 


INDEX 


Egyptian  king  wlio  settled  In 
Argos ;  hence,  Greek,  A.  ni. 
602.  The  plural  Danai,  the 
Greeks,  A.  I.  30,  and  often 

Daphnis,  a  mythical  Sicilian  shep- 
herd, E.  II.  26;  III.  12  ;  v.  20, 
25,  27,  29,  30,  41,  43,  51,  52,  57, 
61,  66;  VII.  1,  7,  8,  68,  72,  76, 
79,  81,  83,  84,  85,  90,  93,  94,  100, 
102,  104,  109  ;  VIII.  83  ;  IX.  46, 
60 

Dardania,  the  Trojan  land,  Troy, 
A.   II.   281,   325  ;    III.   52,   156; 

VI.  65  ;    VIII.  120  ;    Cu.  323 
Dardanides,  son  of,  or  descendant 

of,  Dardanus  ;  especially  Aeneas ; 
in  plur.  ttie  Trojans,  A.  I.  500  ; 
11.59,72,242,445;  III.  94;  v.  45, 
386,    676,    622;     VI.    85,    482; 

VII.  195;  IX.  293,  060;  X.  4, 
203,  545  ;  XI.  353  ;  XII.  549, 
585,  622,  775 

Dardanis,  a  daughter  of  Dardanus, 
i.e.  a  Trojan  woman,  A.  II.  787 

Dardanius,  ad),  of  Dardanus,  i.e. 
of  Troy,  Trojan,  E.  II.  61  ;  A. 
I.  494,  and  often  ;  also  Dardanus, 
A.  II.  618  ;  IV.  662 ;  v.  119  ; 
VI.  57  ;    VU.  219:    XI.  287 

Dardanus,  sou  of  Jupiter  and 
Electra,  founder  of  the  house  of 
Priam  and  Aeneas,  A.  in.  167, 
503  ;  IV.  365  ;  VI.  650  ;  VII, 
207,  240  ;    VIII.  134 

Dares:  (1)  a  Trojau  boxer,  A.  v. 
369,  375,  406,  417,  450,  460, 
463,  470,  483  ;  (2)  a  Trojan 
warrior,    A.    XII.    363 

Daucius,  ad],  of  Daucus,  a  Kutulian 
noble,  A.  X.  391 

Daulis,  adj.  Daulian,  of  Daulis,  a 
city  in  Phocis,  Ci.  200 

Daunus,  a  mythical  king  of  Apulia, 
A.  X.  616,  688  ;  XU.  22,  90, 
934 ;  with  Daunius,  ad},  of 
Daunus,  A.  VIII.  146  ;  XU.  723, 
785 

Decii,  two  Romans,  both  named 
P.  Decius  Mus,  who  devoted 
themselves  to  death  for  their 
country,  one  at  the  battle  of 
Veseris,  the  other  at  that  of 
Sentinum,  Q.  ll.  169 ;  A.  VI. 
824  ;    Cu.  361 

Delopea,  a  nymph,  Q.  IV.  343 ; 
A.  I.  72 


Delphobe,   a   priestess   of   Apollc 

A.  VI.  26 
Deiphobus,  a  son  of  Priam,  A.  ii. 

210;    VI.  495,  500,  510,  544 
Delia,  a  girl,  E.  ill.  67  ;   see  Delius 
Delos,    an    island    in    the   Aegean, 

birthplace  of  Apollo  and  Diana, 

0.  m.  6;    A.  IV.  144;    Ci.  473  ; 

with  adj.  Delius,  Delia,  of  Delos, 

used   of   Apollo   and    Diana,   E. 

VII.   29  ;    A.   lU.    162 ;    VI.    12 ; 

Cu.  110 
Demodocus,   an   Arcadian,  A.    x. 

413 
Denioleos,  a  Greek,  A.  V.  260,  205 
Demophoon  :    (1)  a  Trojan,  A,  xi. 

675  ;  (2)  son  of  Theseus,  Cu.  131, 

133 
Dercennus,  an  ancient  Latin  king, 

A.  XI.  850 
Deucalion,    a   son   of   Prometheus, 

who   witii   Pyrrha   survived   tlie 

flood,  Q.  I.  62  (c/.  E.  VI.  41) 
Diana,  sister  of  Apollo,  and  goddess 

of   the    moon,    A.    I.    409  ;     ill. 

681  ;     IV.    511  ;     VII.    306,    764, 

769  ;     XI.    537,    582,    652,    843, 

857  ;    Ci.  297 
Dictaeus,  adj.  of  Dicte,  a  mountain 

in    Crete,    in    a   cave    of    wliich 

Jupiter    was    born,    E.    vi.    50 ; 

G.    II.    636 ;     IV.    152 ;     A.    ill. 

171;    IV.  73;    Ci.  300;    Cu.  275 
Dictyna,   another   name   of   Brito- 

martis,  Ci.  245,  305 
Dido,   founder  of  Carthage,  A.  I. 

299  ;    IV.  60,  etc. 
Didymaon,    a    worker    in    metal, 

A.  V.  359 
Dindyma,    a    mountain    in    Mysia 

sacred   to    Cybele,   A.   ix.    018  ; 

X.  252 
Diomedes,  son  of  Tydeus,  famous 

as  a  Greek  hero  at  Troy  ;  founder 

of  Argyripa,  A.  I.  752  ;    VIII.  9  ; 

X.  581  ;    XI.  226,  243 
Dionaeus,  adj.  of  Dione,  the  mother 

of  Venus,  E.  IX.  47  ;    A.  III.  19 
Diores,  a  Trojan,  A.  v.  297,  324, 

339,  345  ;    xil.  509 
Dioxippus,  a  Trojan,  A.  IX.  574 
Dira,  properly  adj.  fem.  of  dims, 

a  Fury,  A.  xii.  869  ;   plur.  Dirae, 

Furies,  A.  iv.   473  ;    viii.   701  ; 

XU.  845 
Dircaeus,  adj.  of  Dixce,  &  fountain 

623 


INDEX 


near    Thebes;     hence,    Theban, 

Dis.'god''of  the  lower  world,  Pluto, 
O  IV  467,  519;  A.  iv.  702; 
V  731-  Vl  127,  269,  397,  541; 
vii  563;  vni.  '6_67;  xii.  199; 
Cu.    271,    273,    27o,    286,    3/2; 

D-  66  ,  -ix  A\    A 

Discordip.  Discord  (personinea),  A. 

Yi.  2S0  ;   vm.  702 

Dodona,  a  place  in  Epirua,  lamous 

for  its  oak  grove  and  oracle  oi 

Jupiter,  G.  I.  149  ;    ^ith  ^odo- 

naeus,  adj.  of  Dodona,  A.  in  466 

Dolichaon,  a  Trojan,  A.  X-  b9o 

Dolon,    a    Trojaa.    wno,    for    the 

promised  reward  of  the  chariot 

and  horses  of  Achilles,  undertook 

to  explore  the  Greek  camp  by 

night,  but,  falling  into  the  hands 

of   Illvsses  and  Diomedes    met 

death  "at  the  latter's  hands,  A. 

XII.  347  ;    Cu.  323 

Dolopes,  a  people  of  Thessaly,  A. 

U.  7,  29,  415,  785 

Donvsa,    a    small    island    in    the 

Te^ean     east    of    Nasos,    now 

benusa     famous    for    its    green 

marble,  A.  lll-  125;    Cr.  4(6 

Doricus      adj.     of     the     Dorians , 

more   generally   of   the    Greeks, 

A    n    ''7  ;    VI.  88 ;    also  Doris 

fern.  'adj.  Doric,  Greek,  Cu.  3:.6 

Doris,  a  sea-nymph,  wixe  of  Ivereus, 

used  of  the  sea  itself,  E.  x.  5 
Doryclus,    a    Trojan,    husband    o! 

Eeroe,  A.  v.  620,  647 
Doto,  a  sea-nymph,  A.  IX.  lU- 
Drances,     a     Latin      opposed     to 
Turnus.   A.   XI.    122.    220,   336, 
378,  384,  443  ;    xn.  644 
Drepaniim,   a   town    on   the   west 
coast    of    SicUy,    now    Trapam, 
A.  III.  707  . 

Drusus,  a  famous  Roman  name, 
especially  M.  Livius  Drusus 
conqueror  of  Ha=,clrubal,  and 
Tiberius  Drusus  ^ero,  son  of 
Livia,    the    wife    of    Augustus, 

Drvades,  the  Dryads,  or  Wood- 
£ymphs,   E.   V.    o9 ;     Gf.  I.    H. 

m.  40;' IV.  460;  cu.ne 

Drymo,  a  rea-nymph,  G.iv.  3de 
Drvoue    a  nymr'h,  A.  x.  oal 
Dryopes,  an  ear'ly  people  of  Greece, 

524 


living    between    the    Ambracian 
and  Malian  gulfs,  A.  iv.  14b 
Drvops.  a  Trojan.  A.  X.  u,b 
Dulicliium,  an  island  near  Jtiiaca, 
A     in.    271 ;     with    Dulichius, 
adj     of    Dulichium,    and   so,   of 
L'lvsses,  E.  VI.  76;    Ci.  60 
Dymas.  a  Trojan,  A.  U.  340,  394, 
428 


Ebvsus,  a  Trojan,  4-^i,  m  «7 
Echidna,  mother  of  Scylla,  Cu  67 
Echionius,    adj.  _  of  .Echion     who 

aided  Cadmus  in  building  Thebes ; 

hence,  Theban,  A.  XU.  515 
Edones    (or    Edoiii),    a    People    of 

Thrace,  Ci.  165  ;    with  Edonus, 

adj.  Tteacian,  A.  XII.  36» 
E^eria    a  nvmph  of  Latium  who 

beca'methe  wife  of  Kama,  A.  vn. 

E-'estasVwaiit  (a  personification), 

°A    VI    276 
Electra.  daughter  of  Atlas,  A.  vni. 

Eleusi'nu^,  adj.  of  Eleusis,  a  city 
in  Attica,  where  Demeter  (Ceres) 
was  worshipped,  0.  I.  163 

Eli«  a  district  in  the  western 
Peloponnesus,  famous  lor  its 
city  Olympia,  where  the  Olympic 
games  were  held.  A.  in.  694 ; 
VI  583  ;  with  ElGus,  adj.  Elean, 
Olvmpiin,  G.  in.  202;  and 
Eria5,/tv».  a(?j.  G.  I.  59 

Elissa,   a   name   of   Dido,    A.  iv. 

Elpium,  t'he^abode  of  the  blest 
in  the  lower  world,  A.  v.  /3^, 
VI  744  •  with  Elysius,  ad}. 
Elvsian,  G.  I.  38  ;  A.  vi.  542 ; 
Cm   260 

Emathia,  a  part  of  Macedoma 
0  I.  492 ;  IT.  300 ;  with 
E'mathius,  adj.,  Ci.  34 

Ematliion,  a  Rutulian,  A.  IX.  &71 

Enceladus,  a  giant,  killed  by  a 
thunderbolt  of  Jupiter  and  buried 
under   Mt.    Etna,   A.   in.    5.3; 

Enip'eus,  a  river  of  Thessaly,  G.  iv. 

EntelUis,  a  Sicilian  boxer  -1.  v. 
387,  389,  437.  443,  446,  462, 
472 


INDEX 


Epeos.     Epcu3,    Inventor    of    the 

Trojan  horse,  A.  ii.  264 
Ephialtea,    a    son    of    Aloeus    and 

brother  of  Otus,  killed  by  Apollo 

when  storming  heaven,  Cu.  235 
Ephyre,  a  nymph,  O.  iv.  343 
Ephyreins,    adj.    of    Ephyra,    an 

ancient  name  of  Corinth,  G.  II.  464 
Epidaurus,    a    city   of  Argolis   in 

Greece,  G.  in.  44 
Epinis,  a  district  of  Greece  border- 
ing on  the  Adriatic,   O.    I.   59 ; 

III.  121  ;  A.  III.  292,  513 
Epulo,  a  Latin,  A.  XTI.  459 
Epytides,    guardian    of    Ascanius, 

A.  V.  547.  579 
Epytus,  a  Trojan,  A.  n.  340 
Erato,  one  of  the  Muses,  A.  vii.  37 
Erebus,  the  god  of  darkness  ;    the 

lower  world,  0.  iv.  471  ;    A.  IV. 

26,    510  ;     VI.    247,    404,    671  ; 

VII.    140 ;     with    Erebous,    adj. 

Cu.  202 
Erechtheus,  adj.  of  Ereclitheus,  a 

fabled  king  of  Athens,  Ci.  22 
Eretnm,  a  Sabine  city  on  the  Tiber, 

now  Cretona,  A.  vil.  711 
Ericetes,  a  Trojan,  A.  X.  749 
Erichthonius  :    (1)  an  ancient  king 

of    Athens,    O.    III.    113 ;     with 

Erichthonius,  adj.  Athenian,  Cu. 

30  ;    (2)  a  son  of  Dardanus,  king 

of    Troy ;     hence    Erichthonius, 

adj.  Trojan,  Cu.  336,  344 
Eridanus,    Greek    name    for    the 

Padus,   or   Po,    O.   I.    482 ;     IV. 

372  ;    A.  VI.  659 
Erigone,    a    daughter    of    Icarius, 

who    became    the    constellation 

Virgo,  G.  I.  33 
Erinys,  a  Fury,  A.  II.  337,  573  ; 

VII.  447,  570  ;    Cu.  246 
Eriphyle,  wife  of  Amphiaraus,  and 

mother    of   Alcninoon,    who    be- 
trayed her  husband  for  a  golden 
necklace,  A.  VI.  445 
Erulus,   a   king   of   Praeneste,    A. 

VIII.  563 

Erymantlius,  a  mountain  in  Ar- 
cadia, A.  V.  443  ;  VI.  802 
Erymas,  a  Trojan,  A.  IX.  702 
Eryx  :  (1)  a  son  of  Venus  and  king 
of  Sicily,  killed  by  Hercules  in 
a  boxing-match,  A.  i.  570 ; 
V.  24,  392,  402,  412,  419,  483, 
630.    772;     Ca.    ix.    6;     (2)    a 


mountain    and    town    of    Sicily, 
A.   XII.    701 ;     hence    Erycinus, 
adj.  of  Eryx,  Sicilian,  A.  v.  759; 
X.  36 
Etruria,     the     country      of     the 
Etruscans,  in  Italy,  0.  ii.  533 ; 
A.  VIII.  494  ;    XII.  232 
Etruscus,   adj.   Etruscan,   A.   VIII. 
480,  503  ;    IX.  150,  521 ;   X.  148, 
180,  2o8,  429  ;    XI.  598 
Enadne,    wife    of    Capaneus,    who 
burned  herself  on  her  husband's 
funeral-pile,  4.  vi.  447 
Euandrus  or  Euander,  the  king  of 
Pallanteum   who   welcomed  Ae- 
neas,   A.    VIII.     52,    100,    119, 
185,    313,    360,    455,    545,    558  ; 
IX.   9 ;    X.   148,   370,   420,   492, 
515,   780;     XI.    26,   31,   45,   55, 
140,    148,    394,    835;     XII.    184, 
551  ;       with      Euandrius,      adj. 
used   of  Evander's   son,   Pallas, 
A.  X.  394 
Euanthes,  a  Phrygian  in  the  Trojan 

force,  A.  X.  702 
Euboicus,    adj.    of    Euboea,    the 
island  east  of  Attica  and  Poeotia, 
A.  VI.  2,  42;    IX.  710;    xi.  260; 
Cu.  355 
Euraedes,  a  Trojan,  A.  XII.  34C 
Eumelus,  a  Trojan,  A.  v.  665 
Eumenides,  the  Furies,  O.  I.  278  ; 
IV.   483 ;    A.   IV.  469 ;    VI.   250, 
280.  375 
Euneus,  a  Trojan,  A.  XI.  666 
Euphrates,   a  river   of  Asia,   used 
also  of  the  nations  dwelling  near 
it,  G.  I.  509  ;    IV.  561  ;    A.  VIII. 
726 
Europa,  Europe,  A.  i.   385;    vii. 

224  ;  X.  91 
Eurotas,  a  river  of  Lacedaemon, 
flowing  by  Sparta,  E.  vi.  83  ; 
A.  I.  498 
Eurus,  the  south-east  wind  ;  used 
also  of  wind  in  general,  G.  i. 
371,  453 ;  II.  107,  339,  441  ; 
III.  277,  382;  IV.  29,  192;  A. 
I.  85,  110,  131,  140,  383;  II. 
418 ;  VIII.  223  ;  xn.  733  ;  Ci. 
25  ;  D.  38  ;  with  Eurous,  adj. 
Eastern,  A.  HI.  533 
Euryahis,  a  Trojan,  friend  of 
Nisus,  A.  V.  294,  295,  322,  323, 
334,  337,  343;  IX.  179,  185, 
198,    231,    281,    320,    342,    359, 

525 


INDEX 


373,    384,    390,    396,    424,    433, 

467,  475,  481 
Euryclice,  wife  of  Orpheus,  O.  iv. 

486,    490,    519,    525,    526,    527, 

547  ;    Cu.  268,  287 
Eurypylus,  a  Greek,  A.  II.  114 
Eurystheus,    a    king    of    Mycenae, 

tlie  enemy  of  Hercules,   O.  iii. 

4  ;    A.  VIII.  292 
Eurytides,    son    of    Eurytus,    i.e. 

Clonus,  A.  X.  499 
Eurytion,    a    Trojan,    A.    V.    495, 

514,  541 


Fabaris,  a  tributary  of  the  Tiber, 

A.  VII.  715 
Fabius,  a  famous  name  in  Roman 

history  ;    especially  of  Q.  Fabius 

Maximus,    the    famous    general 

opposed    to    Hannibal,    A.    VI. 

845  ;    (ht.  361 
Fabricius,  the  conqueror  of  PjTrhus, 

A.  VI.  844 
Fadus,  a  Rutulian,  A.  IX.  344 
Falernus,    adj.    Falernian,    of    the 

Falernian  territory,  in  Campania, 

0.  II.  96 

Falisci,  a  people  of  Etruria ;  see 
Aeqni 

Faunus,  son  of  Picus,  and  father  of 
Latinus ;  also  identified  with 
the  Greek  Pan,  and  (in  plur.) 
with  the  Satyrs,  E.  \i.  27  ;    O. 

1.  10,  11  ;  A.  VII.  47,  48,  81, 
102  213,  254,  368  ;  VIII.  314  ; 
X.  551 ;  XII.  706,  777 

Feronia,  an  Italian  goddess,  related 

to     Tellus,     to     whom     several 

groves   were   dedicated,   A.    VII. 

800  ;    VIII.  564 
Fescenninus,  adj.  of  Fescennia,  a 

town  of  Etruria,  A.  VII.  695 
Fidena,    a    town    of    Latium,    five 

miles  north  of  Rome,  now  Castel 

Giubileo,  A.  VI.  773 
Flaminius,  Cu.  368  (see  note) 
Flavinius,  adj.  Flavinian,  of  some 

part  of  Etruria,  A.  VII.  696 
Fortuna,  Fortune  (personification), 

A.  VIII.  578 
Foruli,  a  Sabine  town,  A.  vii.  714 
Fucinus,   a   lake   of   Latium,   now 

Lago  Fucino,  A.  VII.  759 
Fuga,  Flight  (personification),   A. 

IX.  719 


Furia,  Fury  (personlflcation),  a 
goddess  of  vengeance,  O.  m. 
37  ;  A.  III.  251,  331 ;  VI.  605; 
VIII.  669 


Gabii,  a  town  of  Latium,  A.  vi. 
773 :  with  Gabinus,  of  Gabii, 
Gabme,  A.  VII.  612,  682 

Gaetiilus,  Gaetulian,  of  the  Gaetuli, 
an  African  people,  in  Morocco, 
A.  IV.  40,  326  ;    V.  51,  192,  351 

Galaesus  :  (1)  a  river  of  Calabria, 
0.  IV.  126 ;  (2)  a  Latin,  A.  vil. 
535,  575 

Gallia,  Gaul,  i.e.  Qallia  Cisalpina, 
in  the  north  of  Italy,  Ca.  X.  12  ; 
with  G  alliens,  adj.  Gallic,  applic- 
able to  Gaul  in  general,  Ca. 
II.  4 

Gallus:  (1)  a  Gaul,  A.  vi.  858; 
VIII.  056,  657  ;  (2)  the  poet 
C.  Cornelius  Gallus,  who,  as  a 
member  of  the  land-commis- 
sion, helped  Virgil  to  recover  his 
farm.  Later  he  became  the 
first  prefect  of  Esjypt,  E.  vi.  64; 
X.  2,  3.  6,  10,  22,  72,  73 

Gangaridae,  a  people  near  the 
Ganges  in  India,  O.  ill.  27 

Ganges,  the  famous  river  of  India, 
0.  II.  137  ;    A.  IX.  31 

Ganymedes,  youthful  son  of  Laom- 
edon,  carried  off  to  heaven  by 
an  eagle  to  become  Jove's  cup- 
bearer, A.  I.  28 

Garamantes,  a  people  of  Libya, 
E.  VIII.  44 ;  A.  VI.  794,  with 
Garamantis,  adj.  of  the  Gara- 
mantes, Libyan,  A.  iv.  198 

Garganus,  a  mountain-range  of 
Apulia,  A.  VI.   247 

Gargara,  plur.,  Gargarus,  moun- 
tains of  the  Ida  range  in  Mysia, 
O.  I.  103  ;    III.  269 

Gela,  a  city,  now  Terra  Nuova,  by 
a  river  of  the  same  name,  on  the 
south  coast  of  Sicily,  A.  ill- 
702 ;  with  GelOus,  adj.  Geloan, 
A.  HI.  701 

Gelonus,  one  of  the  Gelonl,  a  Scy 
tliian  people,  O.  III.  461 ;  plur 
G.n.  115;  4.  VIII.  725 

Germania,  Germany,  E.  i.  62 ;  O.  I 
474,509 

Geryon,  and   Geryones,   Geryon,  a 


526 


INDEX 


mythic  Hiree-bodled  monster  in 
Spnin,  whose  oxen  were  cariied  off 
by  Hercules,  A.  vii.  662 ;  viii.  202 

Getae,  a  Thracian  tribe  on  the 
Danube,  G.  in.  462 ;  iv.  463  ; 
A.  VII.  604  ;  with  Geticus,  adj. 
Getic,  A.  III.  35 

Giganteus,  adj.  of  the  Giants, 
fabled  sons  of  Earth  and  Tar- 
tarus, smitten  by  the  bolts  of 
Jupiter,  Ci.  30  ;    Cu.  28 

Glaticus :  (1)  a  sea-deity,  O.  I. 
437;  A.  V.  823;  VI.  36;  (2)  a 
son  of  Antenor,  A.  VI.  483  ;  (3)  a 
son  of  Imbrasus,  A.  XII.  343 

Gnosius,  adj.  of  Gnosus,  the 
ancient  capital  of  Crete,  O.  I. 
222  ;  A.  III.  115  ;  V.  306  ;  VI. 
23,  566  ;    IX.  305  ;    Ci.  299 

Gorgo,  a  snaky-haired  daughter  of 
Pliorcus,  one  of  three  sisters,  the 
chief  one  being  Medusa,  A.  II. 
616;  VI.  289;  VIII.  438;  with 
Gorgoneus,  adj.  A.  vii.  341 
(where  venena  refers  to  the  venom 
of  the  snakes) 

Gortynius,  adj.  of  Gortyna,  a  city 
of  Crete,  E.  vi.  60  ;  A.  xi.  773  ; 
Ci.  114 

Gracchus,  a  Roman  family  of  the 
Sempronian  grns,  especially  Ti- 
berius and  Gains,  the  reformers, 
A.  VI.  842 

Gradivus,  the  strider,  a  name  of 
Mars,  A.  III.  35  ;   X.  542 

Graecia,  Greece,  O.  i.  38 ;  Iii. 
20;  A.  XI.  287  ;  Ci.  412  ;  Cu. 
34 ;  with  Graecus,  adj.  Greek, 
Co.  1 

Graiugena,  one  born  a  Greek,  A. 
III.  550;    VIII.  127 

Graius,  adj.  Greek,  O.  II.  16,  etc. 
(36  instances) 

Oraviscae,  a  town  of  Etruria,  A.  x. 
184 

Gryneus,  adj.  of  Grynia,  a  town  of 
Aeolis  where  Apollo  was  wor- 
shipped, E.  VI.   72  ;    A.  IV.   345 

Qyaros,  an  island  of  the  Aegean, 
now  Calairo,  A.  III.  76 

Gyas :  (1)  a  Trojan,  A.  i.  222, 
612;  V.  118,  162,  160,  167,  169, 
184,  223  ;  XII.  460  ;  (2)  a  Latin, 
A.  X.  318 

Gyges,  a  Trojan,  A.  ix.  762 

Gylippus,  an  Arcadian,  A.  Xil.  272 


Hadriacus,  adj.  of  the  Adriatic, 
A.  XI.  405,  where  the  reference  ia 
to  a  river  flowing  back  to  its 
source,  a  perversion  of  nature's 
laws. 

Haemon,  a  Rutulian,  A.  IX.  685 ; 
with  Haemonides,  son  of  Haemon, 
A.  X.  537 

Hacnius,  a  Thracian  mountain- 
range,  now  Great  Balkan,  O.  I. 
492  ;    II.  488 

Halaesus :  (1)  a  son  or  follower  of 
Agamemnon,  A.  vii.  724  ;  (2)  a 
Rutulian,  X.  352,  411,  417,  422, 
424 

Halius,  a  Trojan,  A.  IX.  767 

Halys,  a  Trojan,  A.  IX.  765 

Hamadryades,  Wood-nymphs,  E. 
X.  62;    Cu.  95 

Hammon,  a  Libyan  god  identified 
with  Jupiter,  A.  IV.  198 

Harpalyce,  a  female  warrior  of 
Thrace,  A.  I.  317 

Harpalycus,  a  Trojan,  A.  XI.  675 

Harpyia,  a  Harpy,  a  monster  with 
a  human  head,  but  the  body  of  a 
bird,  A.  III.  212,  226,  249  ;  VI. 
289 

Hebrus  :  (1)  a  river  of  Thrace,  now 
Maritza,  iJ.  x.  65  ;  O.  IV.  462, 
523;  A.  I.  317;  xil.  331  ;  Cu. 
117  ;    (2)  a  Trojan,  A.  X.  696 

Hecate,  a  goddess  of  the  lower 
world  and  sister  of  Latona, 
identified  with  Diana  on  earth, 
and  Luna  in  heaven,  and  there- 
fore represented  with  three  heads, 
A.  IV.  511,  609;  VI.  118,  247, 
564 

Hector,  eldest  son  of  Priam,  chief 
hero  of  Troy,  slain  by  Acliilles, 
A.  I.  99,  483,  750;  II.  270,  275, 
282,  522 ;  III.  312,  319.  343  ; 
V.  371  ;  VI.  166  ;  IX.  155  ;  xi. 
289  ;  XII.  440  ;  Cu.  308,  317  ; 
with  Hectoreus,  adj.  of  Hector, 
Trojan,  A.  I.  273  ;  II.  543  ;  III. 
304,  488  ;    V.  190,  634  ;    Cu.  324 

Hecuba,  wife  of  Priam,  A.  Ii.  501, 
515 

Helena,  wife  of  Menelaus,  carried 
off  by  Paris,  A.  I.  650  ;  vii.  364 

Helenor,  a  Trojan,  A.  IX.  544,  545 

Helenus,  a  son  of  Priam,  A.  ill. 
295,  329,  334,  346,  369,  380, 
433,  546,  559,  684,  712 

527 


INDEX 


Heliades,  daughters  of  Helios  and 
sisters  of  Phaethon,  changed 
into  poplars,  Cu.  129 

Helicon,  famous  mountain  in 
Boeotia,  abode  of  the  Muses  and 
haunt  of  Apollo,  A.  VII.  641  ; 
X.  163 

Hellespontus,  Hellespont,  now  Dar- 
danelles, Ci.  413  ;  Cu.  33,  with 
Hellespontlacus,  adj.  of  the  Helle- 
spont, O.  IV.  Ill  ;    Cu.  333 

Helorus,  a  city  and  river  in  S.E. 
Sicily,  A.  III.  693 

Helymus,  a  Sicilian,  A.  T.  73,  300, 
323.  339 

Herbesus,  a  Eutulian,  A.  VS..  344 

Hercules,  the  mythical  hero,  son 
of  Jupiter  and  Alcmena,  re- 
nowneC  for  his  "  Labours."  A. 

III.  551  ;  V.  410  ;  vii.  '  656  ; 
VIII.  270 ;  X.  319,  779,  with 
Herculeus,  adj.  of  Hercules,  G. 
II.  66;  A.  VII.  669  ;  VIII.  276, 
2S8,  542 

Herminius,  a  Trojan,  A.  xi.  642 
Hermione  :    (1)  daughter  of  Mene- 

lau3    and    Helen    and    wife    of 

Orestes,  A.  III.  323  ;    (2)  a  town 

of  Argolis,  now  Kastri ;    hence 

Hermioneus,  adj.  Ci.  472 
Hermug,  a  river  of  Lydia,   G.  II. 

137  ;    A.  VII.  721 
Hernlcus,   adj.   of  the   Hernici,   a 

people  of  Latium,  A.  vil.  634 
Hesiodus,   Hesiod,   poet   of   Ascra 

in  Boeotia,  Ca.  xv.  1  (c/.  G.  ii. 

176) 
Heslone,  a  daughter  of  Laomedon, 

sister    of    Priam,    and    wife    of 

Telamon,  A.  Vin.   157    (e/.   Cm. 

300) 
Hesperia,     Hesperia      ("  Western 

land "),   Italy,   A.   i.   530,   569  ; 

II.  781 ;    in.  163,  185,  186,  503  ; 

IV.  355  ;  vn.  4,  44,  543  ;  viil. 
148  ;    XII.  360 

Hesperides,  daughters  of  Hesperus, 
keepers  of  a  garden  of  golden 
apples  in  the  West,  E.  vi.  61 ; 
A.  IV.  434  ;   vin.  77  ;   Ca.  ix.  25 

Hesperus,  evening  star,  evening, 
E.  viil.  30  ;  X.  77  ;  with  Hes- 
perius,  adj.  of  Hesperus,  Ci. 
352  (sidus  being  understood) ; 
Hesperian,  Italian,  A.  in.  418  ; 
VI.  6 ;   vn.  601 

528 


Hiberus,  adj.  Iberian,  Spanish,  A. 
vn.    663 ;    tx.    582 ;    xi.    913 ; 

masc.    plur.    Spaniards,    O.    ill. 

408 
Hicetaonius,  son  of  Hicetaon,  A.  X. 

123 
Hiemps,  Storm,  or  god  of  the  storm 

(personification),  A.  in.  120 
Hiriiella,  a  tributary  of  the  Tiber, 

now  the  Salto,  A.  vii.  714 
Hippocoon,  companion  of  Aeneas, 

A.  V.  492 
Hippodame,  daughter  of  Oenomaus, 

won  by  Pelops  in  a  chariot-race, 

G.  III.  7 
Hippolyte,  an  Amazon,  wedded  to 

Theseus,  A.  XI.  661 
Hippolytus,    son    of   Theseus   and 

Hippolyte,    who    was   loved   by 

Phaedra     his     stepmother,     but 

rejected  her  love.     Being  falsely 

accused  by  her,  he  was  cursed 

by  Theseus,  and  slain  by  a  bull 

sent  by  Poseidon.      Aesculapius 

restored  him  to  life  and  Diana 

hid  him  in  the  grove  of  Aricia 

under     the     name    of    Vlrbius 

(quasi  vir  bis,  Servlus) ;    A.  Vll. 

761,  765,  774 
Hippomenes,  son  of  Megareus,  who 

in  a  foot-race  won  Atalanta  as 

his  wife,  Ca.  IX.  26 
Hippotades,  son  of  Hippotas,  A. 

XI.  674 
Hisbo,  a  Rutulian,  A.  X.  384 
Hister,   the   river   Danube,   0.   n. 

497  ;    HI.  350 
Homerus,    the    Greek    epic    poet, 

Ci.  65  ;    with  Homereus,  adj.  of 

Homer,  Ca.  xiv.  2 
Homole,  a  mountain  in  Thessaly, 

A.  VII.  675 
Horatius,    adj.    of    Horatius,    i.e. 

Horatius  Codes,  who,  in  the  war 

with     Porsenna,     defended    the 

Sublician    bridge    single-handed, 

Cu.  361 
Hyades,  the  Hyades,   "  daughters 

of  rain,"  seven  stars  in  Taurus, 

O.  I.  138;    A.  I.  744;    III.  516 
Hybla,   a   mountain   in   Sicily,  E. 

VII.    37 ;     with    Hyblaeus,    adj. 

E.  I.  54 
Hvdaspes :    (1)   a  river  of  India, 

G.  IV.  211 ;   (2)  a  Trojan,  A.  X. 

747 


INDEX 


Hydra  :  (1)  a  flfty-headed  monster 
in  the  lower  world,  A.  VI.  576  ; 
(2)  a  seven-headed  snake,  killed 
by  Hercules,  A.  vil.  658 

Hylaeus,  a  Centaur,  G.  II.  457  ; 
A.  VJII.  294 

Hylas,  a  youthful  companion  of 
Hercules  in  the  Argonautic 
expedition,  who  was  carried 
away  by  fountain-nymphs,  E. 
VI.  43,  44  ;    0.  III.  6 

Hylax,  name  of  a  dog,  E.  viii.  107 

Hyllus,  a  Trojan,  A.  xii.  535 

Hymen,  god  of  marriage,  Cu.  247 

Hypanis  :  (1)  a  river  of  Scytliia, 
now  Boug,  0.  IV.  369 ;  (2)  a 
Trojan,  4.  n.  340,  428 

Hypcrboreus,  adj.  of  the  far  North, 
G.  III.  381  ;    IV.  517 

Hyperion,  father  of  tlje  Sun,  then 
the  Sun  himself,  Cu.  101 

Hyrcanus,  ad),  of  the  Hyrcani,  a 
people  of  Asia  near  the  Caspian 
Sea,  A.  IV.  367  ;  VII.  605  ;  Ci. 
308 

Hyrtacides,     son     of     Hyrtacus : 

(1)  Hippocoon,  A.  V.  492,  503  ; 

(2)  Nisus,  A.  IX.  177,  234,  319, 
402,  503 

Hyrtacus,  a  Trojan,  A.  ix.  406 


lacchus,     lacchus,     a     name     of 

Bacchus,  E.  vil.  61  ;    Q.  I.  166  ; 

also  of  wine,  E.  vi.  15 
laera,  laera,  a  wood-nymph,  A.  ix. 

673 
lanicidum,  the   Janiculum,   a   hill 

at  Konie  on  the  west  side  of  the 

Tiber,  A.  viii.  358 
lanus,   a   two-faced   Italian    deity, 

A.    VII.    180,    610 ;     VIII.    357  ; 

XII.  198 
lapetus,  one  of  the  Titans,  G.  I.  279 
lapys,    ad),    of    the    lapydes,    an 

lUyrian  people,  at  the  head  of 

t.he  Adriatic,  G.  ill.  475 
lapyx,  orfj.  lapygian,  or  Apulian. 

A.  XI.   247,   678  ;     as  &iibsi.   (1) 

lapyx,    a    wind    blowing    from 

lapygia  toward  Greece,  A.  viii. 

710  ;    (2)  son  of  lasus,  A.  xii. 

391,  420,  485 
larbas,   a   Gaetulian   king,   son   of 

JuDiter  Amnion,  A.  IV.  36,  196, 

326 


lasides,  son  of  lasus.  A.  V.   483  ; 

XII.  392 
lasius,   brotlier   of   Dardanus,   and 

son-in-law  of  Teucer,  A.  ill.  163 
[cariotis,   daughter   of  Icarus,   the 

son  of  Oebalus,  king  of  Sparta, 

i.e.  Penelope,  Cu.  265 
Icarus,    son    of     Daedalus,     who, 

flying  through  the  air  with  his 

father,  fell  into  the  sea,  A.  vi.  31 
Ida  :    (1)  a  mountain  of  Crete,  A. 

XII.  412;    hence,  Idacus,  adj.  of 

Ida,    G.    II.    84  ;     A.    III.    105  ; 

Ci.    168 ;     (2)    a    mountain    of 

Plirygia,  near  Troy,  O.  iv.  41 ; 

A.  II.  801  ;    III.  6  ;    v.  252,  254, 

449;     IX.    79;      x.    158;     XII. 

546;      Cu.     311,     312;      hence 

Idaeus,  adj.  of  Ida,  O.  III.  450 ; 

A.  II.  696 ;    III.   112 ;    vii.   139, 

207,    222;     IX.    Ill,    617,    069; 

X.  230,  252 ;    XI.  285  ;    (3)  the 

mother  of  Nisus,  A.  ix.  177 
Idaeus,  Idaeus,  Priam's  charioteer, 

A.  VI.  435 
Idalius,    adj.    Idalian,   A.   v.   760 ; 

X.  52  ;    Ca.  XIV.  2  ;    hence,  /ew. 

siihsi.  Idalia,  a  town   and   grove 

of    Cyprus,    A.     I.    693 ;     neui. 

subsl.  Idalium,  with  same  mean- 
ing, A.  I.  681  ;    X.  86 
Idas:    (1)    a  Trojan,  A.  ix.  575; 

(2)  a  Thracian,  A.  X.  351 
Idraon,  a  Rutulian,  A.  Xil.  75 
Idomeneus,  a  Cretan  hero  at  Troy, 

A.  III.  122,  401  ;    XI.  265 
Idumaeus,  adj.  of  Idume    (Edom), 

a  district  of  Syria,  G.  in.  12 
Ilia,  Ilia,  or    Rhea  Silvia,  mother 

of  Romulus  and  Remus,   A.    I. 

274  ;    VI.  778 
Ilione,  a  daughter  of  Priam,  A.  I. 

653 
Ilioneus,  a  Trojan,  A.  I.  120,  521, 

559,    611  ;     VII.    212,    249  ;      IX. 

501,  569 
Ilithyia,     goddess    of     childbirth, 

daughter  of  Juno,  Ci.  326 
Ilium,    Ilium   (i.e.    Troy),    city   of 

Ilus,    A.    I.    68;      II.    241,    325, 

625;    III.  3,  109;    v.  261,    756; 

VI.  64  ;   hence  Ilius,  adj.   Trojan, 

A.  I.   268;    IX.   285;      XI.   245; 

and  Iliacus,  adj.   Trojan,  A.    I. 

97,    456,    483,    647  ;       II.     117, 

431;      UI.    182,   280,   336,   603; 

529 


INDEX 


IT.  46.  TS,  537,  648;  V.  607, 
725;  VI.  675;  vni.  134;  x. 
62,  335,  635 ;  XI.  255,  303 ; 
xn.  861 ;  and  Iliades,  adj.  fern, 
plur.  Trojan  women,  A.  I.  480 ; 
II.  580  ;  in.  65  ;  V.  644 ;  vil. 
248  ;   XI.  35 

Illyricus,  adj.  of  Illyria,  N.W.  of 
Greece,  on  the  Adriatic,  E.  yiii. 
7;   ^.  I.  243 

Una  :  (1)  son  of  Tros.  and  king  of 
Tioy,  A.  Ti.  650 ;  (2)  an  earlier 
name  of  liilus,  A.  I.  268 ;  (3)  a 
Rutulian,  A.  x.  400,  401 

lira,  Elba,  an  island  off  the  coast 
of  Etruria,  A.  x.  173 

ImaoD,  a  Rutulian,  A.  X.  424 

Imbrasides,  son  of  Imbrasus,  A.  X. 
123  ;  xn.  343 

Imbrasu3,  a  Lycian,  A.  xn.  343 

Inachus :  (1)  first  king  of  Argos, 
father  of  lo,  A.  vn.  372 ;  (2)  a 
river  of  Argolis,  now  Banitza, 
A.  Tii.  792 ;  hence  Inachius, 
adj.  of  Inachus,  A.  vn.  286 ; 
or  Argive,  O.  m.  153  ;  A.  Xi. 
286 ;  also  Inachis,  fern.  adj. 
Argive,  Ca.  ix.  33 

Inarime.  an  island  in  the  Tuscan 
Sea,  now  Ischia.  A.  ix.  716 

India,  India  (to  be  understood  as 
extending  from  the  Indus  to 
China),  O.  I.  57  ;  U.  116,  122  ; 
with  Indus,  adj.  Indian,  A.  Xil. 
67  ;  Cu.  67  ;  also  as  subst.  an 
Indian,  G.  II.  138.  172 ;  lY.  293, 
425;  A.  VI.  794;  vn.  605; 
vin.  705 

Indigetes,  native  heroes  who  after 
death  are  deified.  Heroes  of  the 
land,  G.  I.  498;  sing.  Indlges, 
A.  xn.  794 

Inous,  adj.  of  Ino,  daughter  of 
Cadmus,  changed  to  a  sea- 
goddess.  G.  I.  437  ;   A.  V.  823 

Iiisidiae,  personification.  Craft,  Am- 
bush, A.  XII.  336 

Inuus,  a  name  of  the  god  Pan  ; 
see  Castntm  Intti 

lo,  lo,  daughter  of  Inachus,  loved 
by  Jupiter  and  changed  by 
Juno's  craft  into  a  heifer,  A.  vii. 
789 

lolciacus,  adj.  of  lolcus,  a  town  of 
Thessaly,  associated  with  Jason  ; 
hence,  Thessalian,  Ci.  377 

530 


lollas  :  (1)  a  shepherd,  E.  u.  57  ; 
ni.  76,  79  ;  (2)  a  Trojan,  A.  XI. 
640 

lonius,  adj.  of  Ionia,  a  maritime 
district  of  Asia  Minor,  Ionian, 
G.  II.  108  ;  A.  in.  211  (sc.  mare), 
671  ;   V.  193 

lopas,  a  Carthaginian  minstrel, 
.4.  I.  740 

Iphitus,  a  Trojan,  A.  n.  435 

Irae.  personification.  Anger,  A.  xn. 
336 

Iris,  Iris,  goddess  of  the  rainbow, 
daughter  of  Thaumas  and  Elec- 
tra,  and  messenger  of  the  gods, 
A.  IT.  694,  700  ;  v.  606  ;  ix.  2, 
18,  803  ;   X.  38,  73 

Ismarus :  (1)  a  mountain  of 
Thrace,  also  called  Ismara,  E. 
VI.  30 ;  6.  n.  37  ;  A.  x.  351 ; 
(2)  a  Lydian.  A.  X.  139 

Isthmos,  the  Isthmus  of  Corinth, 
Ci.  463 

Italia,  Italy,  G.  n.  138  ;  A.  i.  2, 
et<;.  (44  instances  in  the  Aeneid); 
with  Italus,  adj.  Italian,  A.  I. 
109  (43  instances  La  A.),  and 
Italides.  fern.  pi.  Italian  women, 
A.  XI.  657 

Italus,  eponymous  hero  of  Italy, 
A.  VII.  178  (cp.A.  I.  533) 

Ithaca,  the  island  Ithaca,  off  the 
west  coast  of  Greece,  A,  m. 
272,  613 

Ithacus,  adj.  of  Ithaca,  home  of 
Ulysses,  A.  n.  104,  122,  128 ; 
in.  629  ;    Cu.  125.  265,  326 

Ituraeus,  adj.  of  Ituraea,  a  district 
of  Syria,  G.  n.  448 

Itys  :  (1)  a  Trojan,  A.  rx.  574  ; 
(2)  son  of  Tereus  and  Procne. 
He  was  killed  by  his  mother,  and 
served  up  to  his  father  for  food, 
upon  wliich  he  was  changed  into 
a  pheasant,  the  mother  into  a 
swaOow,  and  the  father  into  a 
hoopoe,  Cu.  252  (cp.  E.  vi.  78) 

lulius,  adj.  Julian,  the  name  of  the 
gens  to  which  Caesar  belonged, 
G.  II.  163  (see  Lucrinus)  ;  as 
^bst.  Julius,  A.  I.  2SS  (where 
the  reference  is  to  Augustus, 
whose  full  name  was  Caius 
lulir.s  Caesar  Octavianus  Au- 
gustus) 

lulus    (trisyllabic),    liilus    or    As- 


INDEX 


canius,  son  of  Aeneaa,  A.  I. 
267,  288, etc.  (35  instances  in  A.) 

luno,  Juno,  daugliter  of  Saturn, 
wife  of  Jupiter  and  queen  of  the 
gods,  O.  III.  153,  532 ;  A.  I. 
4,  15,  etc.  (56  Instances  in  A.); 
a.  139,  157;  L.  64;  witli 
lunonius,  adj.  of  Juno,  A.  I. 
671 ;  in  A.  vi.  138  luno  Interna 
is  Juno  of  the  lower  world,  i.e. 
Proserpina 

luppiter,  Jupiter,  son  of  Saturn 
and  king  of  the  gods,  identified 
with  the  Greek  Zeus.  E.  ni. 
60,  etc.  (113  Instances  in  Virgil). 
Tor  luppiter  Stygius  see  Stj/fjius 

lustitia,  Justice  (personification), 
O.  II.  474 

luturna,  a  nymph,  sister  of  Turnus, 
A.  XII.  146,  154,  222,  244,  448, 
468,  477,  485,  798,  813,  844,  854, 
870 

Ixion,  king  of  the  Lapithae  and 
father  of  Piritlious ;  he  was 
fastened  to  an  ever-revolving 
wlieel  in  Tartarus,  t)ecause  he 
had  insulted  Jnno,  O.  III.  38 ; 
A.  VI.  601 ;  with  Ixionius,  adj. 
of  Ixion,  A.  IV.  484 

Kartliago,  Carthage,  city  of  north 
Africa  (near  modern  Tunis), 
A.  I.  13,  298,  366;  IV.  97, 
224,  265,  347,  670  ;  X.  12,  54  ; 
Cm.  371 

Labici,  Labicians,  people  dwelling 
in  Labicum,  a  town  of  Latium, 
A.  VII.  796 

Lahyrinthus,  the  Labyrinth,  a 
building  at  Cnosus  in  Crete,  the 
work  of  Daedalus,  wherein  dwelt 
the  Minotaur,  A.  V.  588  (cp. 
VI.  27) 

Lacaenus,  adj.  Laconian  or  Spartan, 
G.  II.  487  ;  in  fern.  Lacaena,  the 
Spartan  woman,  i.e.  Helen,  A.  II. 
601  ;   VI.  611 

Lacedaemon,  Lacedaemon  or 
Sparta,  A.  VII.  363 ;  with 
Lacedaeinonius,  adj.  Spartan, 
A.  III.  328 

Laciuius,  adj.  of  Lacinium,  a 
promontory  of  southern  Italy, 
A.  III.  552 


Lades,  a  Lycian,  A.  XIl.  343 
Ladon,  an  Arcadian,  A.  X.  413 
Laertlus,    adj.    of    Laertes,    fathei 

of  Ulysses,-^,  iii.  272  ;  Cu.  327 
Laestrygones,  a  savage  people  that 
once    dwelt    near    Formiae    iu 
Campania,   and  later  in   Sicily, 
Cu.  330 
Lageos,  Lagean  wine,  O.  II.  93 
Lagus,  a  Rutulian,  A.  X.  380 
Lanius,  a  Rutulian,  A.  IX.  334 
Lamyrus,  a  Rutulian,  A.  IX.  334 
Laocoon,    priest    of    Neptune    at 

Troy,  A.  II.  41,  201,  213,  230 
Laodanila,  vnie  of  Protesilaus,  who 
killed  herself  on  learning  of  her 
husband's  death  at  Troy,  A.  vi. 
447 
Laomedonteus,  adj.  of  Laomedon, 
father  of  Priam  and  king  of 
Troy,  who  broke  his  compact 
with  Apollo  and  Neptune,  when 
they  built  a  wall  around  his  city, 
O.  I.  502;  A.  IV.  542;  also 
Laomedontius,   adj.    Trojan,   A. 

VII.  105  ;  vm.  IS  ;  and  Laome- 
doutiades,  son  or  descendant  of 
Laomedon ;    hence,    Priam,    A. 

VIII.  158,  162 ;  in  plur.  the 
Trojans,  A.  III.  248 

Lapithae,  a  Thessalian  people, 
famous  for  their  battle  with  the 
Centaurs,  O.  II.  457  ;  III.  115  ; 
A.  VI.  601 ;  VII.  305,  307  :  Cu. 
20 

Lar.  the  tutelar  deity  of  the 
hearth,  A.  V.   744 ;    vm.   543 ; 

IX.  259 

Larides,  a  Rutulian,  A.  x.  391,  395 
Larlna,  a  companion   of  Camilla, 

A.  XI.  055 
Lnrissaeus,  adj.  of  Larissa,  a  town 

of  Tliessaly,  A.  II.  197  ;  XI.  404 
Larius,  a  lake  of  Cisalpine  Gaul, 

now  Lake  Como,  O.  II.  159 
Latagus,  a  Trojan,  A.  x.  697,  698 
Latinus :     (1)    Latinus,    king    of 

Latium,  whose  daughter  Lavinia 

became  the  wife  of  Aeneas,  A. 

VII.  45,  etc.  (44  instances  in  A.) ; 

(2)  adj.  of  Latium,  Latin,  A.  i. 

6  ;  V.  568,  598,  etc.  (61  instances 

in  A.) 
T>atium,    the    plain    between    the 

lower  Tiber  and  Campania,  A,  I. 

6,  etc.  (31  instances  in  A.) 

5S1 
«  M   2 


INDEX 


Latona,    mother    of    Apollo    and 

Diana,    A.    I.    502;     xii.    198; 

Cn.    11,    237;     with    Latonius, 

arfj.  of  Latona,  O.  III.  6 ;  A.  vs.. 

405  ;     XI.    557 ;    Jem.    Latonia, 

daughter  of  Latona,  Diana,  A. 

XI.  534 
Laurens,  adi.  of  Laurentum,  capital 

of    Latium :      with    masc.    pi. 

Laurentes,  the  Laurentians,  A.  v. 

797,  etc.  ;   with  Laurentius,  adj. 

A.  X.  709      • 
Laurentium,    i.e.    Lauientum.    A. 

vni.  1 
Lausus,  son  of  Mezentius,  A.  vrr. 

649,  651  ;   X.  426,  434.  439,  700, 

775,  790,  810,  814,  839,  841,  863, 

902 
Lavinia,  daughter  of  Latinus,  A.  Yl, 

764  ;   VII.  72,  314.  359  ;   XI.  479  ; 

xn.  17,  64,  80.  194,  605,  9.37 
Lavinium,     a    town    of    Latium 

founded  by  Aeneas,  A.  I.  258, 

270  ;  Ti.  84 
Lavinius,  adj.  of  Lavinium,  A.  I.  2  ; 

IV.  230 
Leda,  mother  of  Helen,  as  well  as 

of  Castor  and  Pollux,  A.  I.  652  ; 

a.  489  ;    with  Ledaeus,  adj.  A. 

m.  328  ;  VII.  864 
Leleges,  an  early  people  of  Asia 

Minor  and  Greece,  A.  vm.  725 
Leninius,     adj.     of    Lemnos,    the 

Aegean  island  upon  which  Vulcan 

fell    from    heaven ;     hence,    of 

Vulcan,  A.  Vin.  454 
Lenaeus,  adj.  of  the  wine-pre^'^s,  of 

Bacchus,  G.  li.  4.  7  ;    iii.  510 ; 

A.  rv.  207  ;    as  subst.,  Bacchus, 

O.  n.  529 
Lerna,  a  marsh  near  Argos,  where 

Hercules  slew  the  hvdra,  A.  vi. 

287,     803 ;     xn.     518 ;      with 

Lemaeus,  adj.  of  Lerna,  A.  Tin. 

300 
Lesbos,   a    famous   island   of   the 

Eastern  Aegean,  O.  II.  90 
Lethaeus,  adj.  of  Lethe,  the  river 

of    forgetfulaess    in    the    lower 

world,  O.  I.  78  ;  rv.  545 ;  A.  v. 

854  ;  TI.  705,  714,  749  ;  Cu.  140, 

215 
Letum,     Death    (personiflcation) ; 

also,  the  world  below  ;  O.  iv.  481 ; 

A.  TI.  277,  278;    X.  319;    XI. 

172,  830  ;   xn.  325 

532 


Lencaspis,  a  Trojan,  A.  Tl.  334 
Leucatos,  Leucata.  a  promontory 

at  the  south  end  of  Leucadia, 

near    the    coast    of    Acarnania, 

A.  ni.  274  ;    Till.  677 
Leucothea.  the  name  given  to  Ino 

after  she  was  transformed  Into  a 

sea-goddess,  Ci.  396 
Liber,  the  same   as   Bacchus,   E. 

vn.  58 ;  G.  I.  7  ;  A.  vi.  805 
Libethrides,    plyr.     adj.    fern,    of 

Libethra,   a  fountain  and  cave 

on  Helicon,  E.  vil.  21 
Liburni.  a  people  of  lllyricnm  near 

the  head  of  the  Adriatic.  A.  I.  244 
Libva,  a  countrv  of  North  Africa, 

G.  I.  241 ;   m.  249,  339  ;   A.  i. 

22,  158,  220,  301,  384,  556,  577  ; 

IV.  36,  173,  257  ;    TI.  694,  843  ; 

Cu.    406 ;     with    Libvcus,    adj, 

Libyan,  G.  II.  105  ;    A.  I.  339, 

377.  527,  596  ;   IT.  106,  271,  320. 

348 ;     V.    595,    789 ;     TI.    338 ; 

VII.    718 ;     XI.    265 ;     Ci.    179 ; 

Cu.  371 ;    D.  53 ;    also  Libya, 

adj.    Ci.    440 ;      and    Libystis, 

adj.  A.  T.  37  ;    VIII.  303 
Lichas,  a  Latin,  ,1.  x.  315 
Licymnia,  a  slave.  A.  IX.  547 
Ligea,  a  nymph,  G.  IT.  336 
Llger,  a  Latin,  A.  IX.  571 ;  X.  576, 

530,  584 
Ligus,    adj.    and    subst.    Ligurian, 

G.  n.  168  ;  A.  x.  185  ;  xi.  701, 

715.        The   Ligurians   lived   in 

Cisalpine    Gaul,    about    modern 

Genoa 
Lilybeius,  adj.  of  Lilyl-aeum,  the 

western  proraontorv  of  Sicily,  A. 

in.  706 
Linus,   the   musician   who   taught 

Orpheus   and   Hercules,   E.   rv. 

56,  57  ;   VI.  67 
Lip.are,   Lipara,   now   Lipari,   one 

of  the  Aeolian  Islands,  A.  YOl. 

417 
Liris,  a  Trojan,  A.  xi.  670 
Loeri,  a  Greek  people  who  settled 

in  southern  Italy,  A.  ni.  399  ; 

XI.  265 
Longa.  see  Alba 
Lucagus.  a  Latin,  A.  x.  575,  577, 

5S6,  592 
Lucas,  a  Latin,  A.  x.  561 
Lncetius,  a  Latin,  A.  ix.  570 
Luc!?nu8,  Ca.  xiu.  35 


INDEX 


Lucifer,  the  morning  star.  E.  viii. 
17  ;  O.  III.  324 ;  A.  11.  801 ; 
VIII.  589 

Lucina,  the  name  of  Diana  a3 
protectress  of  women  in  child- 
birtli,  E.  IV.  10;  Q.  in.  60; 
IV.  340 

Lucrlnus,  the  Lucrine  Lalce,  near 
the  coast  of  Camp;mia,  which 
Agrippa  provided  with  a  sliip- 
channel  from  the  sea  and  break- 
water and  united  with  an  inner 
lalie,  that  of  Avernus.  Thus  he 
secured  for  tlie  lloman  fleet  a 
protected  harbour,  wliich  lie 
called  Julian  in  honour  of 
Augustus,  a.  II.  161 

Luna,  Luna  or  Diana,  the  moon- 
goddess,  G.  I.  390 ;  III.  392 ; 
A.  IX.  403  ;    Cu.  283  ;    L.  41,  42. 

Lupercal,  a  grotto  on  the  Palatine, 
sacred  to  Lupercus  or  Pan,  A. 

VIII.  343 

Luperci,    priests    of    Lupercus    or 

Pan,  A.  VIII.  663 
Lyaeus :      (1)     subsl.      same      as 

Bacchus,  0.  II.  229  ;   A.  IV.  58; 

(2)  adj.  Baccliic,  A.  I.  636 
Lycaeus,  a  mountain  of  Arcadia, 

E.  X.  15  ;    Q.  I.  16  ;   III.  2,  314  ; 

IV.    538 ;     with    Lycaeus,    adj. 

Lycaean,  A.  Viii.  344 
Lycaon  :    (1)  a  Cretan  worlcer  in 

metals,  A.  IX.  304  ;    (2)  a  king 

of  Arcadia,  O.  I.  138 
Lycaouius,  adj.  of  Lycaon,  A.  X. 

749 
Lycia,    a    country    on    the    S.W. 

coast  of  Asia  Minor,  A.  rv.  143; 

VII.    721 ;     X.    126 ;    xii.    344, 

616 ;    with  Lycius,  adj.  Lycian, 

A.  I.    113;    IV.   346,   377;    vi. 

334 ;    VII.  816 ;    VIII.  166  ;    x. 

751 ;  XI.  773 
Lycidas,  a  shepherd,  E.  vil.  67 ; 

IX.  2,  12,  37 
Lycisca,  a  dog,  E.  in.  18 
Lycorlas,  a  sea-nymph,  G.  iv.  439 
Lycoris,  a  girl,  E.  X.  2,  22,  42 
Lyctius,  adj.  of  Lyctos,  a  city  of 

Crete  ;   hence,  Cretan,  E.  v.  72  ; 

A.  III.  401 
Lycurgus  :    (1)  a  king  of  Thrace, 

A.  in.  14  ;  (2)  name  of  a  soldier, 

D.  8 
Lycus :    (1)  a  river  of  Colchis,  Q. 


IT.  367  ;  (2)  a  Trojan,  A.  i.  222  ; 

IX.  545,  550 

Lydia  :  (1)  Lydla,  a  country  in 
Asia,  Q.  IV.  211  ;  hence,  Lydius, 
adj.  Lydian,  and,  as  the  Etrus- 
cans were  supposed  to  be  of 
Lydian  origin,  Etruscan,  A.  ii. 
781 ;  vm.  479  ;  x.  155  ;  Lydi, 
■plur.  subst.,  Etruscans,  A.  IX. 
11  ;  (2)  name  of  a  girl,  D.  41, 
89,  95  ;  i.  4 
Lynceus,  a  Trojan,  A.  ix.  768 
Lyrnesus,  a  tovvTi  of  Troas,  A.  XII. 
547 ;  with  Lyrnesius,  adj.  of 
Lyrnesus,  A.  X.  128 

Machaou,  a  Greek  physician,  son 
of  Aesculapius,  A.  n.  263 

Maeander,  a  river  of  Lydia  famous 
for  its  windings ;  hence,  a 
winding  border,  A.  v.  241 

Maecenas,  tlie  great  patron  of 
Virgil,  friend  of  Augustus,  0.  I, 
2  ;   II.  41;   ill.  41  ;   iv.  2 

Maenalus,  or  Maenala,  a  mountain 
of  Arcadia,  E.  vin.  22  ;  X.  15, 
55 ;  G.  I.  7  ;  with  Maenalius, 
adj.  of  Maenalus,  Arcadian,  E. 
21,  25,  28a,  31,  36.  42,  46,  51, 
57,  61 ;   Co.  9 

MaeoUj  a  Rutulian,  A.  X.  337 

Maeonia,  old  name  of  Lydia,  and 
therefore  used  for  Etruria,  A. 
VIII.  499 

Maeouidae,  Lydians  or  Etruscans, 
A.  XI.  759 

Maeouius,  adj.  Maeonian  or  Lydian, 
G.  IV.  380;  A.  IV.  216;  ix.  540; 

X.  141 ;   Ci.  62 

Maeotius,  adj.  of  the  Maeotians,  a 
Scytliian  people,  dwelling  about 
Lake  Maeotis,  now  Sea  of  Azov, 
O.  III.  349  ;    A.  VI.  799 

Maevius,  a  poet  hostile  to  Virgil, 
E.  III.  90 

Blagus,  a  Rutulian,  A.  x.  521 

Maia,  mother  of  Mercury,  and 
daughter  of  Atlas  ;  she  was  one 
of  the  Pleiades,  G.  i.  225 ;  A.  I. 
297  ;   vm.  138,  140 

Malea,  a  promontory  at  the  S.E. 
of  the  Peloponnesus,  A.  V.  193 

Manes,  the  spu-lts  of  the  departed, 
the  gods  below,  or  the  lower 
world  in  general,  G.  I.  243 ; 
A.  in.  03;    VI.  «96  ;  Ca.  xi.  7 ; 

5S3 


INDEX 


Cu.   214,   etc.   (30  Instances   In 

Virgil) 
Manlius,   t.e.   M.   Manlius   Capito- 

linus,    wlio    saved    tlie    Capitol 

from  the  Gauls,  A.  vm.  652 
Macto,   a   prophetess,   wedded  to 

the  Tiber-god,  A.  X.  199 
Mantua,   a  city  of   Gallia  Trans- 

padana,  near  Virgil's  birthplace, 

E.  IX.  27,  28  ;  Q.  ii.  198  ;  m.  12 
Marcellus,  a  family  name  in  the 

Claudian    gens  \     especially,    M. 

Claudius  Marcellus,  who  opposed 

Hannibal   and   conquered   Syra- 
cuse, and  M.  Marcellus,  nephew 

and  adopted  son   of   Augustus, 

who  died  in  23  B.C.,  A.  vi.  855, 

883 
Mareotis,     adj.     of     Mareotis,     a 

district  of  Egypt  G.  ii.  91 
Marica,  a  nymph,  A.  vn.  47 
Marius,  Marius,  conqueror  of  the 

Cimbrl  and  Jugurtha  ;    in  plur. 

men  of  his  stamp,  O.  II.  169 
Marpesius.    adj.    of    Marpesus,    a 

mountain   of  the   island   Paros. 

A.  VI.  471 
Marruvius,  adj.   of  Marruvium,  a 

city  of  Latium,  capital  of  the 

Marsi,    now    S.    Benedetto,    A. 

vn.  750 
Mars,  the  god  of  war,  E.  x.  44; 

O.    1.    oil;     A.    I.    4,    etc.    (42 

Instances) ;    with   Martins,   adj. 

of   Mars,    warlike,    E.    ix.    12; 

O.  IV.    71 ;    A.    vn.   182 ;    ix. 

566;    XI.  661 
M.arsus,     adj.     of     the     Marsi,     a 

Sabellian  tribe  in  Italy,  A.  vn. 

758 ;     plur.    subst.    Marsi,    the 

Marsians,  O.  U.  167  ;   A.  x.  544 
Massicus  :  (1)  adj.  of  Mt.  Massicus, 

a  mountain  on  the  borders  of 

Latium    and    Campania.    G.    n. 

143 ;    in.    526 ;    A.   vn.    726 ; 

(2)  an  Etruscan,  A.  x.  166 
Massylus,  adj.   of  the  Massyli,  a 

people  of  North  Africa,  A.  iv. 

132,  483  ;  plur.  subst.  the  people 

themselves,  A.  yi.  60 
Maurusius,    adj.    of    the    Mauri, 

Moorish,  A.  iv.  206 
Ma  vers,    another    name   of   Mars, 

A.   VI.   872 ;    vni.    630.   700 ; 

X.    756;     XI.    389  ;i    xn.    179, 

332:    L.   69;    with    Mavortlus, 

534 


adj.  of  Mars,  martial,  0.  iv.  462  ; 
A.  I.  276 ;  in.  13  ;  vi.  777 ; 
IX.  685 

Maximus,  i.e.  Q.  Fabius  Maximus, 
A.  VI.  845 

Media,  a  country  of  Asia,  south  of 
the  Caspian,  G.  ii.  126 ;  with 
Medus,  adj.  Median,  A.  TV.  211 ; 
plur.  subst.  Medi,  Medes,  G.  n. 
134  136 ;  also  Medicus,  adj. 
Median,  G.  I.  215 

Medon,  a  Trojan,  A.  VI.  483 

Megaera,  one  of  the  Furies,  A.  xn. 
846 

Megara,  cliief  city  of  the  Megarid, 
a  district  of  the  Isthmus  between 
the  Saronic  and  Corinthian 
Gulfs,  Ci.  105,  383 

Megarus,  adj.  of  Megara  (in  Sicily), 
A.  III.  689 

Melampus  :  (1)  a  famous  seer  and 
physician,  G.  m.  550 ;  (2)  a 
Latin,  A.  X.  320' 

Meliboeus  :  (Da  shepherd,  E.  i. 
6,  19,  42,  73  ;  in.  1 ;  v.  87; 
vn.  9  ;  Ca.  ix.  18  ;  (2)  adj.  of 
Meliboea,  a  town  of  Thessaly, 
from  which  came  Philoctete's, 
A.  ni.  401 ;  V.  251 

Melicerta,  son  of  Ino  and  Athamas, 
changed  into  a  sea-god,  G.  i. 
437 

Mellte,  a  sea-nymph,  A.  v.  825 

Mella.  a  river  of  Cisalpine  Gaul 
flowing  through  Brescia,  A.  iv. 
278 

Memmius,  a  Roman  gentUe  name, 
A.  V.  117  (where  Virgil  seems  to 
assume  that  Mmja-Pc-i'?  was  assimi- 
lated to  the  Latin  meminisse, 
and  so  became  Memmius) 

Memnon,  sou  of  Tithonus  and 
Aurora,  and  king  of  the  Ethi- 
opians. His  armour  was  made 
by  Vulcan,  A.  l.  489 

Menalcas,  a  shepherd,  E.  n.  15 ; 
III.  13,  58  ;  V.  4.  64,  90  ;  ix.  10, 
16,  18,  55  ;   X.  20 

Menelaus,  son  of  Atreus,  brother 
of  Agamemnon,  and  husband  of 
Helen,  A.  n.  264  ;  VI.  525  ;  XI. 
262 

Menestheus,  a  Trojan,  A.  x.  129 

Menoet€s  :  (1)  a  Trojan,  A.  v.  161, 
164,  166^  173,  179 ;  (2)  an 
ArcaJIaa,  A,  xn.  517 


INDEX 


aiercurUis,  Mercury,  son  of  Jupiter 
and  Mala,  and  messenger  of  the 
gods,  A.  IV.  222,  558  ;    viii.  138 

Meropes,  a  Trojan,  A.  ix.  702 

Messalla,  a  Roman  surname ; 
especially  M.  Valerius  Messalla 
Corvinus,  patron  and  friend  of 
TibuUus,  Ca.  IX  40  (see  intro- 
ductory note),  Ci.  54 

Messapus,  the  eponymous  hero  of 
Messapia  or  lapygia  (at  the 
heel  of  Italy),  represented  by 
Virgil  as  leading  a  force  from 
southern  Etruria,  A.  vii.  691 ; 
vm.  6;  IX.  27,  124,  160,  351, 
365,    458,    523;     X.    354,    749; 

XI.  429,    464,    518,    520,    603; 

XII.  128,  289,  294,  4S8,  550,  661 
Metabus,    a    Volscian,    father    of 

Camilla,  A.  XI.  540,  564 

Methymnaeus,  adi.  of  Methymna,  a 
city  of  Lesbos,  G.  ii.  99 

Metiscus,  a  Rutulian,  charioteer  of 
Turnus,  A.  Xll.  469,  472,  623, 
737,  784 

MettHS,  i.e.  Mettu3  Fufletius, 
dictator  of  Alba,  who  for  his 
treachery  was  torn  asunder  by 
hor833,  A.  VIII.  642 

Metus,  Fear  or  Dread  (personifica- 
tion), (?.  III.  552  ;   A.  VI.  276 

Mezeniius,  an  Etruscan  king,  A. 
VU.  648,  654  ;  Vin.  7,  482,  501, 
569  ;  IX.  522,  586  ;  X.  150,  204, 
689,  714,  729,  742,  762,  768, 
897  ;   XI.  7,  16 

Mlcon,  a  shepherd,  B.  in.  10  ;  VU. 
30 

Milesius,  adj.  of  Miletus,  a  city  of 
Ionia  in  Asia  Minor,  0.  III.  306 ; 

IV.  334 

Mimas,  a  Trojan,  A.  X.  702,  706 
Mincius,  the  Mincius,  now  the 
Mincio,  a  river  of  Cisalpine 
Gaul,  E.  vn.  13  ;  Q.  lu.  15  ; 
A.  X.  206 
Minerva,  a  Roman  goddess,  patro- 
ness of  arts,  handicrafts,  and 
science,  identified  with  Pallaa 
Athene,  Q.  I.  18 ;  IV.  246 ; 
A.  II.  31,  189,  404;    ni.  531; 

V.  284 ;     VI.    840 ;     vii.    805 ; 
VIII.  409,  699  ;    XI.  259  ;    Ci.  23 

Minio,  a  river  of  Etruria,  A.  X.  183 

Minos,    a    king    of    Crete,    whose 

capital    was    Cnosus.         After 


death  he  became  a  judge  la  the 
lower  world,  A.  VI.  432 ;  Ci. 
Ill,  132,  272,  286,  287,  301,  367, 
414,  421,  454  ;  Cu.  374.  Hence 
Minois,  daughter  of  Minos,  i.e. 
Ariadne,  L.  49 ;  and  Minoius, 
ad),  of  Minos,  A.  VI.  14 

Minotaurus,  the  man-bull,  the 
Minotaur,  killed  by  Theseus, 
A.  VI.  26 

Misenus  :  (1)  a  Trojan,  trumpeter 
of  Aeneas,  A.  in.  239  ;  vi.  162, 
164,  189,  212;  (2)  a  promontory 
north  of  the  Bay  of  Naples,  now 
Miscno,  A.  VI.  234 

Mnasyllos,  a  yo.ung  Satyr,  E.  vi.  13 

Mnestheus,  a  Trojan,  A.  iv.  288  ; 
v.  116,  117,  184,  189,  194,  210, 
218,  493,  494,  507  ;  IX.  171, 
306,  779,  781,  812;  X.  143; 
XII.  127,  384,  443,  459,  549    5181 

Moeris,  a  shepherd,  B.  viii.  96,  98  ; 
IX.  1,  16,  53,  54,  61 ;  Ca.  IX.  18 

Molorchus,  the  entertainer  of 
Hercules  when  he  killed  the 
Nemean  lion ;  hence,  luci 
Molorchi,  the  haunt  of  the  Hon, 

a.  III.  19 

Molossus,   adj.  of    the   Molossi,   a 

people  of  eastern  Epirus,  G.  III. 

405 ;   Cu.  331 
Monoecus,  a  promontory  of  Liguria, 

now  Monaco,  A.  n.  830 
Mopsus,   a  shepherd,   E.  v.  1,  10 ; 

VIII.  20,  29 
Morini,  a  Belgic  people  of  western 

Gaul.  A.  VIII.  727 
Mors,   Death   (personification),   A. 

XI.  197  ;   Cu.  183 
Mucius,   a  Roman  hero,    Cu.   365 

(where  see  note) 
Mulciber,  a   name  of  Vulcan,   A. 

vui.  724 
Murranus,  a  name  of  Latin  kings, 

A.  XII.  529,  639 
Musa:  (1)  a  Muse,  A.I.  8;  usually 

plur.,  the  Muses,  E.  IV.  1 ;    vi. 

69 ;    VII.  19 ;    0.  II.  475 ;    in. 

11  ;    IV.   315 ;     A.   IX.   77,   774, 

775 ;    Ca.  ix.  60 ;    (2)  Octavius 

Musa,  a  poet  and  friend  of  Virgil 

and  Horace,  Ca.  iv.  6,  8 
Musaeus,  an  ancient  Greek  bard, 

A.  VI.  667 
Mutiisca,  a  Sabine  town,  A.  vn. 
711 

6S5 


INDEX 


ilycene  (or  -ae),  Mycenae,  city  of 

Agamemnon  in  the  Peloponaesus; 

also  of   Greece  in  general ;    O. 

m.  121  ;    A.  I.  28-4.  (350  ;    II.  25, 

ISO,  331,  577  ;    V.  52  ;    VI.  83S  ; 

vn.  222,  372  ;   IX.  130 
Jlyconos,  one  of  the  islands  of  the 

Cyclades  in  the  Aegean,  A.  ill. 

76 
Mvgdonid.es,  son  of  Mygdon,  A.  II. 

"342 
M%Tmidone3,  a  tribe  of  Thessalv, 

A.  U.  7,  252,  7S5  ;   XI.  403 
Mvrrha,  daughter  of  Cinyras,   Ci. 

233 
Mysia,  a  district  of  Asia  Minor,  G.  I. 

102 ;   also  Mysus,  adj.  of  Mysia, 

6.  IT.  370 


Xais,  a  >'aiad,a  water-nymrih,  E. 

n.  46 ;  VI.  21 ;  x.  10 ;  Cu.  19, 117 
Xapaeae,  the  wood-nymphs,  G.  iv. 

534 
Nar,  a  river  in  Sabine  territory, 
tributary  of  the  Tiber,  A.  vii.  517 
Narycius,  adj.  Xaryciaa,  of  Xarys, 

a  Locrian  city  on  the  Euboean 

Sea,  G.  n.  438  ;   A.  in.  399 
Nautes,  a  Trojan,  A.  v.  704,  728 
Naxos.  an  island  of  the  Cyclades, 

A.  III.  125 
Is'eaera,  a  rustic  girl,  E.  in.  3 
Xealces,  a  Trojan,  A.  X.  753 
JTemeus,  adj.  Is'eniean,  of  Xeniea, 

a  district  of  Argolis,  A.  viil.  295 
Keoptolemus,  a  name  of  Achilles' 

son   Pyrrhus,   A.   n.    263,    500, 

549  ;  in.  333,  469  ;  XI.  264 
Neptunus,  Neptune,  god  of  the 

sea ;  hence,  the  sea  itself ; 

G.  I.  14 ;  in.  122 ;  it.  29,  3S7, 

394  ;  A.   I.  125  ;  n.  201,  610  ; 

m.  74,  119;  v.  14,  195,  360, 

640,  779,  782,  863  ;  vn.  23  ; 

Tin.  699 ;  IX.  145 ;  Ci.   474, 

509  ;  D.  50,  58,  63 
Kerens,  a  sea-god,  E.    VL  35 ; 

G.   IT.  392 ;  A.   n.  419 ;  vm. 

SS3 ;     X.    764 ;     hence    Xereis, 

daughter  of  Is'ereus,  a   Xereid, 

A.  III.   74  ;    V.   240 ;    a.   474 ; 

Cu.  300,  345  ;   and  Nereius,  adj. 

of    Nereus,   A.    ix.    102 ;     also 

Kerlne,  daughter  of  Nereus,  E. 

VII.  37 

536 


Neritos,   Neritus,    an    island   neai 

Ithaca,  A.  in.  271 
Kersae,  a  city  of  the  Aequi,  A.  vn. 

744 
Kesaee.  Xesaea,  a  nymph,  6.  IT. 

338  ;■   A.v.  826 
Nilus,  the  Nile,  G.  VI.  29  ;  rv.  2SS : 

A.  VI.  800  ;  vm.  711 ;  ix.  ?.l 
Niphasus,  a  Rutulian,  A.  X.  570 
Nipbatts,    a   snowy   mountain   in 

Armenia,  G.  m.  39 
Nisus :     (1)    a    king    of    Megara, 

betrayed  by  his  daughter  Scylla, 

and  robbed  of  a  look  of  hair  upon 

which  depended  his  life  ;  he  was 

changed  into   a  hawk  ;    E.  vi. 

74;  G.I.  404,  403;  Ci.  112, 124, 

191,   207,   378,   411,   540  ;     also 

Niseius.  adj.  of  Kisus,  Ci.  390  ; 

(2)  a  young  Trojan,  A.  \.  294, 

296,    318,    328,    353,    354;     rx. 

175,    184,    200,    207,    223,    230, 

233,    258,    271,    S06,    353,    336, 

425,  438,  407 
:N  octulnus,  Ca.  VI.  2  ;  xn.  1,  3,  4, 8 
Xoemon,  a  Trojan,  A.  IX.  767 
JTomades,  the  Nuniidians,  A.  IT. 

320,  535  ;   Vin.  724 
Komentum,  a  Sabine  town,  A.  VI. 

773 ;   vn.  712 
Noricus,     adj.     of     Noricum,     a 

mountainous  country  of  modem 

Austria,  north  of  the  Alps,  and 

south  of  the  Danube,  G.  in.  474 
Notus,  the  South  Wind,  G.  I.  444 ; 

A.  I.  85,  108,  575  ;    n.  417  ;   HI. 

268 ;    V.   242,    512 ;    VI.   355 ; 

vn.    411 ;    X.    266 ;    xi.    793 ; 

xn.  334 
Nox,     Night,     a     personification, 

mother    of    the    Furies,    sister 

and  wife  of  Erebus,  A.  m.  512 ; 

T.    721,    738,    835;     TD.    138; 

xn.  846  ;   Cu.  202 
Numa :      (1)     Numa     Pompilius, 

second   king    of   Kome,    A.    vi. 

808  ;  (2)  a  Rutulian,  A.  ix.  454  ; 

X.  562 
Nnmanus,  a  Rutulian,  A.  ix.  592, 

653 
Numicius  or  Numicus,  a  river  of 

Latiurn,  now  Rio  Torto,  A.  vn. 

150,  242,  797 
Numidae,  Numidians,  a  people  of 

North  Africa,  A.  rv.  41 
Numitor :     (1)    a    king    of    Alba, 


INDEX 


mandlather    of    Romulus    and 

Remus,    A.    VI.     7CS ;     (2)    a 

Rutulian,  A.  X.  342 
Nursia,  a  town  of  the  Sabiues,  now 

Korcia,  A.  VII.  716 
Nyctelius,  i.e.   vvKT6\to<:   (vv^),  the 

nightly   one,   a   name   given   to 

Bacchus  because  of  liis  festivals 

by  night,  Cu.  Ill 
Nympha,  a  nymph  or  muse,  E.  II. 

46  ;  O.  IV.  334,  etc.  (42  instances). 
Nysa:   (1)  a  girl,  E.  vin.  18,  26; 

(2)  a  mountain  and  city  of  India, 

A.  VI.  805 


Oaxes,  a  river  of  Crete,  E.  I.  65 
Oceanitides,   daughters   of   Ocean, 

G.  IV.  341 
Oceanus,  Ocean  (personified),  O.  I. 

246 ;     n.    122,    481  ;     III.    350  ; 

IV.   233,   381,   382;     A.   I.    2S7, 

745 ;     II.    250 ;     rv.    139,    480  ; 

vn.  101,  226  ;  VIII.  589  ;  xi.  l ; 

Ca.  IX.  54  ;    Ci.  392  ;    Cu.  103 
Ocnus,  founder  of  Mantua,  A.  x. 

198 
Octavius  :   (1)  the  later  Augustus, 

Cu.  I.  25  ;    (2)  Octavius  Musa, 

friend  of  Virgil  and  of  Horace, 

Ca.  XI.  1 
Oeagrius,  adj.  of  Oeagrus,  king  of 

Tlirace,     father     of     (Jrpheus  ; 

hence,  Thracian,  O.  IV.  524 
Oebalius,  adj.  of  Oebalus,  king  of 

Sparta,  the  founder  of  Tarentum, 

O.  IV.  125 
Oebalus,  a  king  in  Campania,  A. 

VII.  734 
Oechalia,  atown  of  Euboea,  4.  viii. 

291 
Ocnides,     son     of     Oeneus,     i.e. 

Meleager  ;    or  perhaps  grandson 

of  Oeneus,  i.e.  Diomedes,  Ca.  ix.  6 
0;M0tru3,   and   Oenotrius,   adj.   of 

uenotria.  the  southern  part  of 

Italy,    A.    vn.    85 ;     in    plur. 

Oenotri,  the  people  of  Oenotria, 

A.  I.  532  ;   III.  165 
Oeta,  a  mountain  range  of  Thessaly, 

£'.  vni.  30  ;    Ci.  350  ;   Cu.  203 
Ogygius,  adj.  Ogygian,  of  Ogygus, 

founder  of  Thebes,  Ci.  220 
Oileus,  father  of  Ajax,  A.  I.  41 
Olearos,  an  island  of  the  Cyclades, 

now  Antiparos,  A.  III.  126 


Olympiacus,  adj.  of  Qlympla,  the 

city  of  Elis  where  the  Olympic 

games  were  held,  G.  in.  49 
Olympus  :    (1)  a  mountain  In  the 

north   of   Thessaly,    G.   I.    282 ; 

Ci.  34 ;    (2)  the  heavens,  sky, 

E.  V.  56  ;  VI.  86  ;  0.  i.  96,  450  ; 

ni.  223 ;   rv.  502 ;    A.  i.  374  ; 

n.  779  ;    IV.  268,  694  ;    V.  533  ; 

VI.  579,  586,  782,  834  ;   VII.  218, 

558 ;    VUI.   280,   319,   533  ;    IX. 

84,   106;     X.    1,   115,    216,   437, 

621  ;     XI.    726,   867;     XII.    63 1, 

791 ;   Ca.  XIV.  11 
Onitcs,  a  Rutulian,  A.  xn.  514 
Ophcltes,  a  Trojan,  A.  IX.  201 
Opis :    (1)  a  nymph,  G.  IV.  342 ; 

(2)  a  companion  of  Diana,  A.  xi. 

532,  836,  867 
Orcus,  a  god  of  the  lower  world. 

Death ;    also,   the   lower   world 

itself,  O.  I.  277  ;  iv.  502  ;  A.  u. 

398  ;     IV.    242,    699 ;     VI.    273  ; 

VIII.  296  ;  IX.  527,  785 
Oreades,  mouutain-nymplis,  A.  I. 

500 
Orestes,  son  of  Agamemnon   and 

Clytemnestra.        He    killed    his 

mother  and  was  driven  mad  by 

the  Furies,  A.  in.  331 ;   iv.  471 
Oricius,  adj.  of  Oricum,  a  town  of 

Epirus,  A.  X.  136 
Oriens,  the  Dawn  or  East,  O.  I.  250  ; 

A.  I.  289  ;  V.  42,  739  ;  vni.  678  ; 

Cu.  30 
Orion,  a  fabled  hunter  placed  in 

the  heavens  as  a  constellation, 

A.  I.  535;    in.   517;    iv.  52; 

vn.  719  ;    X.  703  ;    Ci.  535 
Orithyia,  a  daughter  of  Erechtheus, 

king    of    Athens,    G.    iv.    463 ; 

A.  xn.  83 
Oruytus,  an  Etruscan,  A.  xi.  677 
Orodes,    a    Trojan,    A.    x.    732, 

737 
Orontes,  a  Trojan,  A.  I.  113,  220 ; 

VI.  334 
Orpheus,    a   mythic   bard,   whose 

skill    won    liis    wife    Eurydice 

back  from  the  lower  world.    He 

was    torn    to    pieces    by    the 

Tliracian    women,    E.    in.    46 ; 

rv.  55,  57  ;  VI.  30  ;  viii.  55,  56 ; 

G.  IV.  454,  494,  545,  553  ;   A.  VI. 

119  ;    Cu.  117,  279,  292 
Orses,  a  Trojan,  A.  X.  748 

537 


INDEX 


Oisilochtis,  a  Trojan,  A.  xi.  636, 

690,  69i 
Ortlnus,  adj.  of  Orta,  a  town  of 

Etniria  on  the  Tiber  and  Xar, 

A.  vn.  716 
Ortvgia :    (1)  the  iiLuid  of  DeIo3, 

A.  m.   124,  li3,  154:    (2)  an 

island  in  the  harbour  of  Svracuse, 

A.  m.  6S4 
Ortjrgius,  a  EutoUan,  A.  vs..  573 
Osci,  the  Oscans,  an  early  people  of 

Campania.  A.  TH.  730 
Osinius,  a  Wng  of  Clusinm,  A.  X. 

655 
Osiris,  a  P.utulian,  A.  xn.  453 
Ossa,  a  mountain  of  Thessaly,  G.  i. 

2S1,  2S2 ;    hence  Ossaeus,  adj. 

of  Ossa,  a.  33 
Othrvades,  son  of  Othrys,  A.  n.  319, 

336 
Othrys,  a  mountain  in  Thessaly, 

A.  vn.  675 
Otos,     Otui.     twin     brother     of 

Ephialtes,  Cu.  234 

Padiynns,  Sicilian  promontory  at 
the  south-east  of  the  island,  now 
Capo  di  Passaro,  A.  m.  429, 
699  ;  vn.  2S9 ;   Ci.  S3 

Pactolus,  a  river  of  Lydia,  A.  X.  142 

Padus.  the  river  Po  of  Xorth  Italy, 
G.  n.  452  ;   -1.  ES.  630 

Padusa,  one  of  the  mouths  of  the 
Po,  A.  XI.  457 

Paeonins,  adj.  of  Paeon  (god  of 
medicine) ;  hence  medical  or 
healing,  A.  vn.  769  ;  xn.  401 

Paestum,  a  city  of  Lucania,  once 
called  Posidonia,  now  Pesto,  G. 
IT.  119 

Pagasus,  an  Etruscan,  A.  xi.  670 

Palaemon :  (1)  son  of  Athamas 
and  Ino,  changed  to  a  sea-god, 
A.  V.  623 ;  Ci.  396 ;  (2)  a 
shepherd.  E.  m.  50,  53 

Palaepaphius,  adj.  of  Old  Paphos, 
referring  to  Venus,  who  had  a 
famous  temple  in  Paphos,  Ci.  S3 

Palamedes,  a  Greek  hero,  A.  n.  32 

Palatinm,  the  Palatine  hill,  on 
which  Augustus  had  his  residence, 
O.  U  499  ;  hence  Palatlnus,  adj. 
of  the  Palatine,  A.  IX.  9 

Pales,  a  shepherd  soddess,  £.  r.  3d  ; 
G.  m.  1,  294  ;   Cu.  20,  77 

588 


Fallens,  the  name  of  twin  eons  of 
Zeus  (Jupiter)  by  Thalia,  wor- 
shipped in  Sicily.  A.  ix.  535 

Palinurus,  the  Trojan  pilot  of 
Aeneas,  A.  in.  202,  513,  562; 
V.  12,  833,  340.  343,  847,  871; 
TI.  337,  341,  373,  331 

Palladium,  a  statue  of  PaUas, 
especially  that  stolen  from  Troy 
by  Ulysses  and  Diomeie,  A.  n. 
166.  133  ;  rx.  151 

Palladius,  adj.  of  Pallas,  i.e. 
Athene  or  Minerva,  G.  n.  181; 
Ci.  29  ;    M.  113 

Pallanteus,  adj.  of  Pallas  (2),  A. 
IX.  196,  241 ;  mtder,  as  stiba. 
Pallanteum,  the  city  built  by 
Evander,  A.  vm.  54,  341 

PaUas  :  (1)  an  epithet  of  the  Greek 
goddess  Athene  (=  Minerva),  E. 
n.  61 ;  A.  I.  39.  479 ;  n.  15, 
163,  615  ;  ra.  544  ;  v.  704 : 
vn.  154 ;  vm.  435 ;  xi.  477 ; 
Cu.  329  ;  (2)  an  ancient  king  of 
Arcadia,  forefather  of  Evander, 
A.  vm!  51.  54 ;  (3)  son  of 
Evander,  killed  by  Tnmus,  A. 
vm.  104,  110,  etc.  (41  instances) 

Pallene,  a  i^ninsula  of  Macedonia, 
on  the  Thermaic  Gulf,  G.  rv. 
391 

Palmus,  an  Etruscan,  slain  by 
Mezentius,  A.  X.  697,  699 

Pan,  a  son  of  Mercery,  and  god  of 
woods  and  of  shepherds ;  in 
plur.  gods  resembling  Pan,  E.  n. 
31,  32.  33  ;  IV.  53,  59  ;  V.  59  ; 
rm.  24 :  x.  26  ;  G.  i.  17  ; 
n.  494  ;  ra.  392 ;  A.  vm.  344 ; 
Cu.  94,  115 

Panehaia,  an  Island  or  district  of 
Arabia  famous  for  frankincense, 
G.  n.  139  ;  hence  Panchains,  or 
Panchaeus,  adj.  of  Panchaea,  G. 
rr.  379;   Cu.  37 

Pandarus  :  (1)  a  Trojan,  son  of 
Lycaon,  A.  v.  496  ;  (2)  a  Trojan, 
son  of  Alcanor,  A.  rx.  672,  722, 
735:    XL  396 

Pandionius,  adj.  of  Paadion,  king 
of  Athens,  father  of  Procne  and 
Philomela,  Cu.  251 ;  hence, 
Athenian.  Ci.  101 

Pangaea.  phtr.  a  mountain-range 
betweeu  Macedonia  and  Thrace, 
now  Pilal  lepeh,  O.  it.  462 


INDEX 


Panopea,  a  sea-nymph,  0.  I.  437; 
A.  V.  240,  825 

Panopes,  a  Sicilian,  A.  v.  300 

Pantagia3,  a  river  ol  Eastern  Sicily, 
now  Fiume  di  Porcari,  A.  III. 
689 

Panthus,  a  Trojan,  priest  of  Apollo, 
A.  n.  318,  319,  322,  429 

Papho3  (-us),  a  city  of  Cyprus, 
famous  for  its  temple  of  Venus, 
A.  I.  415  ;  X.  51,  80  ;  Ca.  XIV. 
2 ;  hence,  Paphius,  adj.  of 
Paphos,  0.  U.  64 

Parcae,  tne  Fates,  identified  with 
the  Motpai  (Clothe,  Lachesis,  and 
Atropos),  E.  IV.  47  ;  A.  I.  22, 
m.  379 ;  V.  798 ;  ix.  107 ; 
X.  419,  815  ;  xn.  147,  150  ;  a. 
125,  270 

Paris,  son  of  Priam  and  Hecuba. 
Having  adjudged  Venus  to  be 
more  beautiful  than  Juno  or 
Minerva,  he  won  Helen  as  his 
prize,  and  thus  brought  on  the 
Trojan  war,  E.  II.  CI  ;  A.  i.  27 ; 
II.  602 ;  IV.  215 ;  V.  370 ;  vi. 
57 ;  vn.  321 ;  x.  702,  705 ; 
Cu.  325 

Parnasus,  a  mountain  in  Phocis, 
haunt  of  the  Muses,  E.  x.  11 ; 
O.  HI.  291 ;  hence,  Paruasius, 
adj.  of  Parnassus,  E.  vi.  29 ; 
O.  II.  18  ;  Cu.  15 

Pares,  one  of  the  Cyclades  islands 
famous  for  its  white  marble,  A. 
m.  126 ;  a.  476 ;  hence, 
Parius,  adj.  Parian,  <?.  ni.  34 ; 
A.  I.  593 

Parrhasius,  adj.  of  Parrhasia,  a 
town  in  Arcadia ;  hence.  Ar- 
cadian, A.  vm.  344  ;    XI.  31 

Parthenius,  adj.  of  Parthenius,  a 
mountain  in  Arcadia,  £.  X.  57 

Parthenius,  a  Trojan,  A.  X.  748 

Parthenopaeus,  son  of  Meleager 
and  Atalanta,  and  one  of  the 
seven  chieftains  in  the  Theban 
war,  A.  VI.  480 

Parthenope,  the  ancient  name  of 
Naples,  G.  IV.  564 

Paribus,  adj.  Parttiian,  of  the 
Partliians  (a  nation  living  north- 
east of  the  Caspian  Sea) ;  also 
used  as  a  substantive,  E.  1.  62 ; 
X.  59;  O.  III.  31;  IV.  211,  314; 
A.  va.  606 ;  xn.  867. 858 ;  Oi.  299 


Paslphae,  wife  of  Minos,  king  of 
Crete,  and  mother  of  the  man- 
bull,  the  Minotaur,  E.  vi.  46 ; 
A.  VI.  25,  447 
Patavium,    a    city    of    Cisalpine 

Gaul,  now  Padua,  A.  I.  247 
Patron,  an  Arcadian,  A.  V.  298 
Pegasides,  the  Muses,  so  called  from 
Pegasus,  the  winged  horse  of  the 
Muses,  who  with  a  blow  of  his 
hoof  caused  Hippocrene,  foun- 
tain of  the  Muses,  to  spring  from 
Mount  Helicon,  C.  IX.  2 
Pelasgus,   adj.   Pelasgian ;    hence, 
Greek    (the    Pelasgians    having 
been  the  ancient  Inhabitants  of 
Greece),  A.  i.  624  ;  ii.  100.  152 ; 
IX.     154 ;      Cu.     309 ;      hence, 
Pelasgi,  as  subst.,  the  Pelasgians, 
A.  II.  83  ;  VI.  503  ;  vm.  600 
Pelethronius,  adj.  Pelethronian  or 
Thessalian  (so  called  from  Pele- 
thronius,   a    forest    on    Mount 
Pelion),  a.  ra.  115 
Peleus,  son  of  Aeacus,  also  husband 
of  Thetis,  and  father  of  Achilles, 
Cu.  297 
Pelias,  a  Trojan,  A.  n.  435,  436 
Pelldes,    son    or    descendant    of 
Peleus  ;    hence,  of  AcWlles  his 
son,  A.  II.  548  ;    V.  808 ;    XII. 
350 ;    and  of   Neoptolemus  his 
grandson,  A.  II.  263 
Pelion,   a   mountain   of   Thessaly, 
now  Zagora,  O.  I.  281 ;    III.  94 
Pellaeus,    adj.    Pellean,    of    Pella 
(the    Macedonian    town    where 
Alexander  the  Great  was  born) ; 
hence,    Alexandrian,     of    Alex- 
andria (the  Egyptian  city  founded 
by  Alexander),  O.  rv.  287 
Pelops,  son  of  Tantalus,  who  served 
iiim  up  to  the  gods  at  a  feast. 
He    was    restored    to    life,    and 
provided  with  an  ivory  shoulder 
in  place  of  the  one  eaten.      Ho 
won   his   wife   Hippodameia  by 
defeating  her  father  Oenomaus 
in    a    chariot-race,    0.    III.    7  ; 
hence,  Pelopeius,  adj.  of  Pelops, 
Peloponnesian  or  Greek,  A.  ii. 
193 
Pelorus,  a  promontory  of  north-east 
Sicily,  now  Capo  di  Faro,  A.  ni. 
411,  687 
Pelusiacus,    adj.    of    Pelusium,    a 

5S9 


INDEX 


town  of  Egypt;  hence,  Erv ptian, 
G.  I.  22S 

Penates,  the  Penates,  honsehold 
gods,  or  gods  of  the  state  con- 
sidered as  a  household  (often 
used  in  the  seii38  of  home)  ; 
A.  I.  6S.  3TS.  527.  704  ;  n.  203, 
514,  717,  747  :  m.  12,  15,  14?. 
603  ;  IT.  21,  595  :  T.  62,  632  ; 
vn.  121  ;  Tin.  ll.  39,  123,  543, 
679 ;  EC.  2-SS ;  xi.  264 ;  Ca. 
TS..  35  ;   a.  331,  419 

Peneleus,  a  Greek.  A.  n.  425 

Peaeus,  a  rlTer  of  J?hes5aiy,  flowing 
throngh  Tempe,  now  tie  Selem- 
bria.  G.  IT.  355  ;  hence.  Pencios, 
adj.  of  the  Peaeus,  G.  it.  317 

Penthesilea.  queen  of  the  Amazons, 
J^.  I.  491;  XI.  662 

Pentheus.  king  of  Thebes,  torn  in 
pieces  by  his  mother  Ag.ive  and 
her  comraiiioas  because  he  had 
mocked  at  the  rites  of  Bacchus, 
A.  IT.  469 

Pergama  (also  Pergamam  and 
fic^^-auo^in  Greek),  the  citadel  of 
TroT.  therefore  Troy  itself.  A.  I. 
406,  651  ;  n.  177,  291,  375,  556, 
571 ;  m.  87,  336,  350  :  IT.  344, 
426 ;  TL  516  ;  Tn.  322  ;  tiii. 
37,  374  ;  X.  53  ;  XI.  2S0  ;  hence, 
Pereameus,  adj.  Trojan.  A.  m. 
1107476  :   T.  744;   Tl.  63 

Pergainea,  Pergamea  or  Pergamum, 
the  name  given  by  Aeneas  to  his 
city  in  Crete.  A.  va.  133 

Peridia,  motLer  of  Onites,  A.  xa. 
515 

Periplias,  a  Greek,  A.  n.  476 

Permessus,  a  river  of  Boeotia 
flowing  from  Helicon,  a  haunt  oi 
the  M-Jses.  E.  vi.  64 

Persae.  the  Persians,  Cm.  34 

Persephone,  the  Greek  form  of  the 
name  Proserpina,  Cu.  261 

Persis,  Persia.  The  name  is  used 
looselv  bv  VirgU  so  as  to  include 
Arabia  and  Syria,  G.  rr.  200 

Fetelia.  a  town  of  the  Bruttii,  A. 
m.  402 

Phae^'.ces,  the  Phaeacians,  mythic 
inhabitants  of  Corcyra  (the 
Scheria  of  the  Odyssey),  A.  m. 
291 

Phaedra,  wife  of  Theseus,  and 
daughter  of  Minos,  A.  tl  445 

540 


Phaethon :  (1)  Helloo,  Uie  Sun- 
god,  A.  T.  105 ;  (2)  more 
commonly,  a  son  of  Helios,  who 
attempted  to  drive  his  father's 
steeds,  but  losing  control  of 
them  was  destroyed  by  Jove's 
thunderbolt,  A.  x.  1S9 ;  Cu, 
123 

Phaethoutiades,  the  sisters  of 
Phaethon,  who,  when  monraing 
over  their  brother's  fate,  were 
changed  Into  aiders  (or,  according 
to  some,  poplars),  E.  tl  62 

Phanaeus,  adj.  of  Ph-inae,  a 
promontory  of  Chios,  noted  for 
its  wine.  G.  n.  93 

Pharos,  a  Rutulian.  A.  X.  322 

Phasis,  a  river  of  Colchis,  emptying 
into  the  Enxine,  now  Eion,  G. 
rr.  367 

Phesreus,  a  Trojan,  A.  T.  263  ;  IX. 
705 ;   xn.  371 

Pheneus.  a  town  of  Arcadia,  A. 
Tm.  165 

Pheres.  a  Trojan,  A.  X.  413 

Philippi,  a  town  of  Macedonia, 
now  Filibi,  where  Brutus  and 
Csssius  were  defeated  by  Oc- 
tavius  and  Antony,  G.  I.  490 

Phillyrides,  son  of  Philyra, 
nymph  beloved  by  Saturn. 
Their  son  was  the  centaur 
Chiron,  G.  in.  55) 

Philoctetes,  son  of  Poeas,  king  of 
Melicoea,  in  Thessaly.  From 
Hercules  he  inherited  the 
poisoned  arrows  without  which 
Troy  could  not  be  taken,  and 
with  which  he  slew  Paris. 
After  the  war  he  founded  Petelia 
in  Italy,  A.  m.  4Ci2 

Philomela,  daughter  of  Pandion, 
and  sister  of  Procne.  Tereus,  the 
latter's  htisband,  did  violence  to 
her  and  cut  out  her  tongue, 
whereuiwn  the  sisters  slew 
Tereus'  son  Itys  and  served  him 
up  at  a  feast.  All  three  were 
changed  into  birds,  Philomela 
becoming  a  nightingale,  Procne 
a  swallow,  and  Tereus  a  hoopoe, 
E.  TL  79 

Phineitis,  adj.  of  Phinens,  son  of 
Agenor  and  king  of  Tiirace,  who 
was  struck  blind  by  the  gods  and 
tormented   by   Uje   Harpies  fat 


INDEX 


putting  out  the  eyes  of  his  sons, 
A.  in.  212 

Phlegethon,  a  river  of  fire  in 
Tr.rtarug,  A.  VI.  265,  551  ;  Cu. 
'212,  374 

riiloRra,  a  country  of  RIacedonia, 
afterwards  called  Pallcne,  where 
the  gods  and  giants  fought,  Cu. 
28 

Phlegyas,  a  son  of  Mars,  and  father 
of  Ixion.  Ho  was  punished  in 
the  world  below  for  the  impious 
act  of  burning  Apollo's  temple  at 
Delphi,  A.  VI.  618 

Phoebe,  a  name  of  Diana,  as  moon- 
goddess,  O.  I.  431  ;   A.  X.  216 

Phoebigena,  son  of  Phoebus,  i.e. 
Aesculapius,  A.  vn.  773 

Phoebus,  a  name  of  Apollo,  1^.  in. 
62  ;  A.  I.  329,  etc.  (54  instances) ; 
hence  Phoebeus,  adj.  of  Phoebus, 
A.  in.  637  ;   IV.  6 

Phoenices,  the  Phoenicians,  A.  I. 
344 

Phoenissa,  fem.  adj.  Plioenician, 
A.  I.  670  ;  as  subst.  a  Phoenician 
wom.an,  A.  I.  714  ;  IV.  348,  529  ; 
VI.  450 

Phoenix  :  (1)  son  of  Amyntor  and 
companion  of  Achilles,  A.  il. 
762 ;  (2)  a  son  of  Agenor, 
brother  of  Cadmus  and  Europa, 
a.  220 

Pholoc,  a  slave-woman,  A.  V.  285 

Pholus  :  (1)  a  Centaur,  who  enter- 
tained Hercules,  but  was  acci- 
dentally killed  by  one  of  his 
guest's  arrows,  O.  II.  456 ;  A. 
Tin.  291 ;  (2)  a  Trojan,  A.  XII. 
341 

Phorbas,  a  Trojan,  A.  V.  842 

Phorcus  :  (1)  a  sea-god,  A.  v.  240, 
824;  (2)  a  Latin,  ^.  X.  327 

Phrygius,af7j.  Phrygian,  of  Phrygia, 
a  country  of  Asia  Minor,  in  which 
lay  Troy  ;  hence  Trojan  ;  also 
Phryx,  adj.  with  plur.  Pliryges, 
Phrygians  or  Trojans.  The 
fem.  sing.  Phrygia  is  also  used  as 
a  subst,  0.  rv.  41 ;  A.  i.  182, 
381,  etc.  (31  instances  of  Phrygius 
and  13  of  Phryx) 

Phthia,  a  district  of  Thessaly, 
home  of  Achilles,  A.  I.  284 

Phyllis :  (1)  a  rustic  girl,  E.  in. 
76,  78,  107  ;   v.  10  ;   vn.  14,  59, 


63 ;    X.  37,  41  ;    Cu.  132 ;    (2) 

daughter    of    Sithon,     king    of 
Thrace,  and  betrothed  to  Demo- 
phoon,  son  of  Tlicseus  ;   c/.  Cu. 
131 
Phyllodoce,  a  Nereid,  O.  iv.  336 
Picus,  son  of  Saturn  and  father  of 
Faunus ;     he    was    changed    by 
Circe    into    a    wood-pecker,    A. 
vn.  48,  171,  189 
Pierides,  the  Muses,  so  called  from 
tlieir  haunt  Pieria  in  Thessaly, 
E.  in.  85 ;    VI.  13  ;    vni.  63  ; 

IX.  33 ;  X.  72 ;  Ci.  94 ;  also 
Pierius,  adj.  Pierian,  Thessalian, 
Cu.  18 

Pilumnus,  son  of  Daunus  and 
ancestor  of  Turnus,   A.  IX.   4  ; 

X.  76,  819  :    XII.  83 
Pinarius,   adj.    of    the    Pinr.rii,    a 

family  who  with  the  Potitii 
first  assisted  at  the  rites  of 
Hercules,  A.  VIII.  270 

Pindus,  a  mountain  in  Thessaly,  a 
seat  of  the  Muses,  now  Mezzara, 
E.  X.  11 

Piraeeus,  the  Piraeus,  the  cele- 
brated port  of  Athens,  Ci.  468 

Piritlious,  son  of  Ixion,  king  of  the 
Lapithae,  companion  of  i'heseus, 
with  whose  aid  he  attempted  to 
carry  away  Proserpina  from 
the  homo  of  Pluto,  A.  VI.  393, 
601 

Pisa,  a  city  of  Elis,  near  the  river 
Alpheus,  0.  III.  180 

Pisae,  Pisa,  a  town  of  Etruria, 
supposed  to  be  a  colony  from 
Pisa  in  Elis,  A.  X.  179 

Pleias  (Plias),  one  of  the  Pleiades, 
the  seven  daughters  of  Atlas 
who  were  changed  into  a  con- 
stellation, G.  I.  138  ;    IV.  233 

Plemyxium,  a  promontory  of  Sicily 
near  Syracuse,  A.  III.  693 

Pluton,  Pluto,  brother  of  Jupiter 
and  king  of  the  lower  world,  A. 
vn.  327 

Podalirius,  a  Trojan,  A.  xn.  304 

Poenae,  Punishments  (personifica- 
tion), goddesses  of  vengeance, 
identified  with  the  Furies  or 
Fiends,  Cu.  377 

Poenus,  adj.,  Phoenician,  Cartha- 
ginian, E.  V.  27  ;  Ci.  135  ;  with 
Poeui,  subst.,  the  Phoenicians  or 

541 


INDEX 


Cartbaidnlans,   A.   I.    302,   442, 

567  ;  IT.  134  :  n.  s^  ;  xn.  4 
PoJites.  a  son  of  Priam.  A.  n.  526 ; 

V.  5&4 
PoUio.  C.  Asinius  Po'.lio.  a  distin- 

guisl-.ed   statesman   and   writer, 

a  friend  and  i)atron  of   \irzil. 

E.  m.  S4.  S6.  83 ;  IT.  12 
Pcllnx,  brother  of  Castor.    As  son 

of  Jove,  he  was  immortal,  and 

on  the  death  of  Castor  he  was 

allowed  to  share  his  immortality 

with   his   brother    on    alternate 

days.  G.  m.  6^  :  A.  tl  121 
Polvboet^,    a    Trojan,    prist    of 

Ceres.  A.  TL  454 
Polvdorus.  son  of  Priam,  slain  in 

Thrace  by  Polymnestor,  A.  m. 

45.  4e,  55.  62 
Polyhymnia,    one    of   the    ilases, 

Ci.  55 
Polyidos.  a  priest,  CL  112 
Polyphemus,  a  Cyclops  of  Sicily, 

whose    eye    was    pnt    out    by 

Ulyss^,  A.  in.  &41,  657 
Pometll,    a    Vclscian    town,    also 

called  Suessa  Pometia,  .^i.  TI.  775 
Pontus  :    (1)  the  Enxirie  or  Black 

Sea.   G.   I.   5S  ;    (2)   the  region 

sonth  of  the  Endne,  E.  Tin.  95. 

96 
Popnlonia,  a  citv  on  the  coast  of 

Etmria.  A.  x.  172 
Porserma.  a  king  oi  Etruria.  who 

attempted  to  restore  the  banished 

Tarqmns,  A.  Tin.  646 
Portunus.    the    god    of    harbours, 

Greek  UzXaifLar.  A.  T.  241 
Potltius,  one  of  the  family  who. 

along  with  the  Pinarii.  assisted 

at  the  rites  of  Herculs,  A.  Tin. 

269.  231 
Potnias.  ad:,  of  Potniae,  a  town  of 

Boeotia.  the  residence  of  Glaucns. 

son  of  Sisyphias.  whose  horses 

went  mad  and  tore  their  master 

in  pieces,  G.  in.  263 
Praeneste,    an     ancient     city     of 

Latium.  now  Palestrina,  A.  xu. 

6S2  :    Tm.  561  :    with  Praenes- 

tlnus.  a,;":,  ci  Praeaeste.  A.  Tn. 

673 
Priamides.  son  of  Priam,  A.  in. 

2^5.  346  ;    Tl.  4?4.  509 
Pr-lamns :      (1)     Priam,     son     of 

Laomedon    and    king    of   Troy, 

5i2 


A.  I.  453.  etc.  (38  Instances); 
hence  Prianieius,  adj.  of  Priam, 
A.  n.  403  :  m.  321 ;  Tn.  252  ; 
(2)  son  of  Polites,  and  grandson 
of  (1),  A.  T.  564 

Priapas,  a  god  of  gardens,  pro- 
tecting them  against  thieves  and 
birds.  His  image  served  as  a 
kind  of  scarecrow,  E.  vn.  33 ; 
G.  rv.  Ill ;  P.  m.  17.  20 

Pristis.  name  of  a  ship  (Sea- 
dragon).  A.  T.  116, 154, 156,  187, 
21S 

Privemum.  a  town  of  the  Volsd, 
in  Latimn.  .1.  XL  540 

Privemtis,  a  Rntollan,  A.  rx.  576 

Procas,  a  king  of  Alba.  A.  Tl.  767 

Prochyta.  an  island  off  the  coast 
of  Camjvania,  now  Procida,  A. 
EX.  715 

Procne.  wife  of  Terer.s  and  sister 
of  Philomela,  changed  into  a 
swallow ;  hence  used  of  the 
swallow  itself.  G.  IT.  15 ;  Ci. 
410 

Procris.  wife  of  Cephalns,  who  shot 
her  accidentally  while  hunting, 
A.  TL  445 

Proetides.  the  danchters  of  Proetns, 
king  of  Tiryns,  whom  Juno 
change-i  into  cows,  E.  xi.  iS 

Prometheus,  son  of  lapetus.  He 
stole  fire  from  heaven,  £.  tl  42 

Promoius.  a  Trojan,  A.  rs.  574 

Proserpina,  daughter  of  Ceres  and 
wife  of  Pluto,  who  stole  her  from 
her  mother.  G.  I.  39 ;  rr.  437 ; 
A.  IT.  6?S  ;   TL  142.  402.  4S7 

Proteus,  a  sea-god  .shepherd  of  the 
sea-calves  of  Neptune.  His 
dwelling  was  tn  the  island  of 
Ph-'iros  or  Carpathns.  and  he 
was  associated  with  Egypt.  He 
had  the  power  of  ch.injing  him- 
self into  all  kinds  of  forms,  G. 
IT.  333,  422.  429,  447.  52S  ;  A. 
XI.  262 

Prytanis,  a  Trojan,  A.  IX.  767 

Publicola,  a  surname  of  ths 
Messallae.  Ca.  XX.  40 

Punicus.  adj.  Punic.  Carthaginian, 
A.  I.  333  ;  rr.  49 

Pygmalion.  Dido'a  brother,  who 
killed  her  husband,  A.  I.  347, 
S64  :   IV.  325 

Pylius,  adj.  of  Pylos,  in  sonthem 


INDEX 


Elis,    where    Nestor    lived,    Ca. 

IX.  16 

Pyracmon,  a  Cyclops,  A.  viii.  425 

Pyrgi,  a  town  of  Etruria,  A.  X.  184 

PjTgo,     the     nurse     of     Priam's 

children,  A.  v.  645 
Pyrrha,  wife  of  Deucalion,  who 
"after  the  deluge  repeopled  the 
earth  by  casting  stones  behind 
her,  E.  vi.  41 
Pyrrhus,  the  son  of  Acliilles  ;  also 
called  Neoptolemus.  After  the 
Trojan  war  he  founded  a  king- 
dom in  Epirus,  A.  II.  469,  491, 
526.  529,  547.  662  ;  in.  296,  319 

Quercens,  a  RutuUan,  A.  ix.  681 
Quinctio,  a  servile  name,  Ca.  X.  8 
Quirinus,  the  name  given  to  the 

deified    Romulus,    G.    III.    27  ; 

A.    I.    292;     VI.    859;     hence 

Quirinalis,  adj.  of  Quirinus,  A. 

vn.  187,  612 
Quirltes,   the    Quiritcs   or    Roman 

citizens,  G.  iv.  201 ;   A.  vii.  710 

Rapo,  a  RutuUan,  A.  x.  747 
Remulus,  a  Rutulian,  A.  IX.  360, 

593,  633  ;    XI.  636 
Remus  :    (1)  brother  of  Romulus, 

0.  II.   533;    A.  I.   292;    (2)  a 

Rutulian,  A.  IX.  330 
Rhadamanthus,  a  son  of  Jupiter, 

brother  of  Minos,  and  a  judge  In 

the  lower  world,  A.  VI.  566 
Rhaebus,  the  horse  of  Mezentius, 

A.  X.  861 
Rhaetlcus,  adj.  of    the  Rhaeti,  a 

nation    dwelling    in    the    Tyrol 

and  eastern  Switzerland,  O.  II. 

96 
Rhamnes,  a  Pwutulian,  and  augur 

of  Turnus,  A.  IX.  325,  359,  452 
Rhamnusius,  adj.  of  Rhamnus,  the 

most  northern  town  of  Attica, 

Ci.  228 
Rhea,     a     priestess,     mother     of 

Aveutinus,  A.  vil.  659 
Rhenus,  the  Rhine,  E.  X.  47;    A. 

IX.  727 
Rhesus,  a  king  of  Thrace,  whose 

horses  were  captured  by  Ulysses 

and  Diomedes,  G.  IV.  462  ;   A.  I. 

469  ;   Cm.  328 
Rhodius,  adj.  of  Rhodes,  an  island 


in  the  eastern  Mediterranean,  G. 

II.  102 
Rhodope,    a    mountain-range    of 

Thrace,  now  Despoto  Dogh,  E. 

VI.    30  ;    VIII.    44 ;     G.   I.   332 ; 

in.  351,  462  ;  hence  Rhodopeius, 

adj.  G.  IV.  461 
Rhoeteius,   adj.   of    Rhoeteum,    a 

promontory  of  the  Troad  ;  hence 

Trojan,  A.  v.  646  ;    xii.  456 
Rhoeteus,  a  Rutulian,  A.  III.  108  ; 

VI.  505  ;    Cu.  313 
Rhoetus :     (1)   a    centaur,    O.   II. 

456 ;   (2)  a  Rutulian,  A.  IX.  344, 

345  ;    (3)  a  king  of  the  Marsi, 

A.  X.  383 
RiphaeuSj   adj.    Riphaean,   of  the 

lliphaei,    a    mountain-range    of 

Scythia,  G.  1.  240  ;  in.  382 ;  iv. 

518 
Ripheus,  a  Trojan,  A.  n.  339,  394, 

426 
Roma,  Rome,  E.  I.  19,  26;    (?.  i. 

466;  n.  534;  A.  I.  7;  v.  601 ; 

VI.   781 ;    vn.   603,  709 ;    viii. 

635  ;    xn.  168  ;    Ca.  III.  5  ;    IX. 

37  ;    Cu.  360  ;   hence,  Romanus, 

adj.  Roman,  G.  I.  490  ;   A.  I.  33, 

etc.  (32  instances) 
Romulus,  the  mythical  founder  of 

Rome,   G.  i.   498 ;    A.  I.   276 ; 

VI.    778 ;     VIII.    342 ;     also    as 

adj.,   of   Romulus,   A.    VI.   876. 

Hence,      llomuleus,      adj.      of 

Romulus,    A.    vni.     654,    and 

Romulidae,  sons  or  descendants 

of  Romulus,  A.  Vill.  638 
Roseus,  adj.  of  Rosea,  a  district  in 

Central    Italy    near    the    Vellne 

Lake,  A.  vn.  712 
Rufrae,  a  town  of  Campania,  A. 

vn.  739 
Rutulus,    adj.    Rutulian,    of    the 

Rutuli,    a    people    of    Latium, 

whose  capital  was  Ardea ;    the 

•pluT.  Rutuli  is  used  as  a  subst. ; 

A.    I.    266  ;    vn.    318,   etc.    (64 

instances) 


Sabaeus,  adj.  of  Saba  (Sheba)  In 

Arabia  Felix  ;    the  masc.  plur. 

Sabaei  is  used  as  a  subst.,  G.  I. 

57  ;  n.  117  ;  A.  i.  416  ;  vni.  706 
Sabellus,  adj.  Sabellian  or  Sabine, 

of  the  Sabelli  or  Sabini,  0.  ll. 

543 


INDEX 


167;    A    vn.  G65;    nn.  510; 
also  Sabellicus,  adj.,  6.  ni.  255 

S.ibinus :  (1)  adj.  Sabice,  of  the 
Sabines,  a  people  of  C-entral 
Italj-.  also  in  LaTiiim  and 
Southern  Italv,  \rith  pbiT.  subst 
Sabini,  the  Sabines.  G.  n.  5S2; 
A.  vn.  706,  709 :  vm.  635 ;  Cu. 
404;  (2>  the  niYthical  ancestor 
of  the  Sabiaes.  A.  vn.  i7S ; 
(S)  the  aaroe  of  a  miUedriver, 
Ca.  X.  1.  8,  14 

>aces,  a  Rutulian.  A.  xn.  651 

Sacranns,  adj.  of  the  Sacraci.  a 
people  of  old  JLatium,  A.  th.  796 

Sacrator,  a  Rctiiliaji,  A.  S.  747 

Sasari3,  a  Trojan.  A.  T.  203 ;  IX. 
575 

Salamis,  the  famons  island  in  the 
Saronic  Gjjif,  once  the  home  of 
TelaiEon,  A.  vm.  153 ;  henese, 
Salamlniijs,  adj.  Ci.  470 

?alii,  the  twelve  dancing  priests  of 
Mars,  A.  Tin.  2S5,  663 

Salins :  (1)  an  Acaraanian,  A.  V. 
29S,  321,  335,  341,  347,  S52, 
356  ;  (2)  an  Etjusean.  A .  X.  753 

Sallenticus,  adj.  of  the  Sallentini, 
a  people  of  Calabria  in  Italy,  A. 
III.  400 

Salmcnens,  a  son  of  Aeolus,  ruling 
in  Eli3,  punished  for  his  impiety 
in  imitating  the  thiuider  and 
lightnias  of  Jupiter,  A.  Xl.  585 

Same,  an  island  in  the  Ionian  Sea, 
the  later  C^phallenia  (no\r  Cepha- 
lonia),  A.  m.  271 

Saroos  :  (1)  an  island  c3  the  coast 
of  Asia  Minor,  ectt  Sanio,  A.  L 
16 ;  (2)  another  n.-iine  for 
samothracia,  ji.  vn.  208 

Samothrada,  an  island  off  the 
coast  of  Thrace,  now  SaJno- 
thraki,  A.  vn.  2-03 

Sapientia.  Wisdom,  or  Philosophy 
(personification).  Ci-  14 

Sardonius,  adj.  Sardinian,  of  Sar- 
dinia, famous  for  bitter  herbs, 
E.  vn.  41 

Sam  US.  a  river  of  Campania,  now 
the  Sarao,  ^1.  vn.  73S 

Sarpedon.  a  son  of  Jnpiter,  king 
of  Lyda.  killed  before  Troy, 
A.  I.  100 ;  rs.  697 ;  s.  125, 
471 

Sarranns,   adj.   of    Sarra,   ancient 

54-4 


name  of  Tyre ;  hfnce.  Tyrian, 
G.  n.  500 

tarrastes,  a  people  of  Camxiania, 
about  Sorrento.  A.  vn.  738 

Saticalns,  adj.  of  Saticula,  a  town 
la  the  Mils  of  Campania,  A.  vn. 
729 

Satura,  a  lake  in  Latium,  A.  vn. 
801 

SatKrnns,  a  fabled  and  deified  king 
of  Latium,  identified  with  Kpoi-o; ; 
in  his  time  fall  the  colden  age, 
G.  I.  336 ;  ri.  403,  538  :  m.  93  ; 
A.  VI.  794  ;  vn.  49.  ISO.  203  ; 
vm.  319,  357  ;  xn.  830 ;  hence, 
Satamias,  fficfi.  of  Saturn,  applied 
to  children  of  Saturn,  as  Jupiter, 
Xeptnne  and  Juno ;  and 
Satiimia,  /cm.  siib$t.,  Juno,  E. 
nr.  6  ;  VL  41 ;  G.  n.  173  ;  A.  i. 
23,  569  ;  m.  380  ;  IV.  92,  372  ; 
T.  606,  799  ;  vn.  423.  550.  572, 
622 ;  vm.  329,  S5S ;  IX.  2, 
745,  802;  X.  659,  760;  XL 
252  ;   xn.  156.  178.  807 

Satyri,  Satyrs,  dsitaes  of  the  woods, 
represented  with  goats*  legs  and 
horns,  E.  v.  73  ;    Cu.  llu 

Scaeus,  adj.  Scaean.  name  of  the 
western  (left)  gate  of  Troy, 
facing  the  sea,  A.  n.  612; 
in.  351 

Scipiadae,  the  Scipios,  one  of  the 
most  famous  families  of  Kome, 
6.  n.  170  ;  A.  VI.  843  ;  Cu.  370 

Sciron,  a  noted  robber  on  the 
coast  between  Megara  and 
Athens,  slain  by  Theseus.  Ci.  465 

Soorpios.the  constellation  Scorpion, 
G.  I.  35  ;    Ci.  535 

Scybale.  name  of  an  African 
woman,  jf.  31,  50,  119 

Scylaceum,  a  town  of  southern 
Italy,  on  the  coast  of  Bruttinm, 
cow  Squillace,  A.  m.  553 

Scylla  :  (1)  a  sea-monster  dwelling 
on  one  side  of  the  Strait  of 
Messene.  A.  m.  420,  424,  432, 
684 ;  VI.  256 ;  vn.  302 :  CL 
65 :  Ca.  331 ;  (2)  a  daughter 
of  yisns,  who  betrayed  her  father 
to  Mines  and  was  changed  to  a 
bird.  E.  vi.  74 ;  G.  i.  405 ; 
Ci.  49,  91,  130.  131,  209.  386, 
4:10,  455,  493  ;  (3)  name  of  one 
of  Aeneas'  ships,  A.  V.  122 


INDEX 


Scyllaeus,  adj.  of  Scylla,  A.  I.  200  ; 

a.  57 
Scyriiis,  adj.  of  Scjtos,  an  Island 
north-east     of      Euboea,      now 
Skyro,  J.  II.  477 
Scythia,     Scythla,     the     country 
north  of  the  Black  Sea,  E.  i.  65  ; 
0.  I.  240  ;   III.  197,  349 
Sebethis,  a  nymph,  A.  vil.  734 
Selinus,    a    town    on    the    south- 
western   coast    of    Sicily,    now 
Pileri,  A.  III.  705 
Selius,  a  rhetorician,  Ca.  V.  3 
Semele,  daughter  of  Cadmus,  and 
mother  of  liacchus  by  Jupiter, 
Ca.  IX.  33 
Senectus,  Age  (personification),  A. 

VI.  275 
Seres,   a   people   of   Eastern   Asia 
(including  probably  the  Chinese), 
0.  II.  121 
Serestus,  a  Trojan,  A.  I.  611  ;   iv. 
288;   V.  487  ;   IX.  171,  779;   X. 
541  ;   xn.  649,  561 
Sergestus,   a   Trojan,    A.    1.    510; 
IV.  288;    V.  121,  184,  185,  203, 
221,  272,  282  ;   XII.  561 
Sergius,  aaj.  of  Sergius,  the  name 

of  a  Roman  urns,  A.  V.  121 
Seriphus,  a  small  island  among  the 
Cyclades    in    the    Aegean,    now 
Serfo,  Ci.  477 
Serranus  :    (1)  a  cognomen  of  the 
famous  Regulus,  wlio  was  plough- 
ing when  told  of  his  election  as 
consul,  .4.VI.  844  ;  (2)  a  llutulian, 
A.  IX.  335,  454 
Severus,  a  mountain  in  the  Sabine 

territory,  A.  vii.  713 
Sextus  Sabinus,  name  of  a  youth, 

Ca.  v.  6 
Sibylla, a  Sibyl,  prophetess ;  especi- 
ally the  Cumaean,  who  guided 
Aeneas  to  the  world  below,  A. 
III.  452;  V.  735;  VI.  10,  44, 
98,  176,  211,  236,  538,  006,  752, 
897 
Slcanlus  and  Sicanus,  adj.  Sicanian. 
of  the  Sicani,  an  old  race  of 
Sicily,  JS.  X.  4  ;  A.  III.  692 ; 
v.  24  ;  vm.  328,  416  ;  xi.  317  ; 
■with  Sicani,  subst.  the  Sicilians, 
A.  V.  293 ;  vn.  795  ;  and 
Sicani,  fern,  subst.  Sicily,  A.  I. 
557 
Slcells./ejn.  adj.  Sicilian,  B.  IV.  1 


Siculus,   adj.   Sicilian,   E.  ii.   21 ; 
X.  61 ;   A.  I.  34,  549  ;   HI.  410, 
418,  696;   V.  702  ;   VII.  289 
Sicyonius,  adj.  of   Sicyon,  a   city 
of  the  Peloponnesus,  now  Vasi- 
liko,  O.  n.  519  ;    Ci.  169 
Sidicinus,  adj.  of  the   Sidicinl,   a 
people  of  Campania,  A.  vn.  727 
Sidon,   a   city   of   Phoenicia,   now 
Sai da,  A.  I.  609  ;  hence,  Sidonius, 
adj.  ■  Sidonlan    or     Phoenician  ; 
also  Tyrian,  because  Sidon  was 
the   mother-city  of  Tyre,  A.  i. 
44(5,  613,  678  ;    IV.  75,  137,  545, 
683  ;   V.  671 ;   IX.  206  ;   xi.  74  ; 
Ci.  387  _ 
Sigeus,  adj.  of  Sigeum,  a  promon- 
tory of  the  Troad,  A.  U.  312  ; 
vu.  294  ;   Cu.  307 
Sila.  a  forest  in  Bruttium,  O.  in. 

219  ;    A.  XII.  715 
Silarus,  a  river  between  Lucania 
and  Campania,  now  Sele,  O.  m. 
146 
Silenus,  an  old  Satyr,  chief  atten- 
dant of  Bacchus,  E.  vi.  14 
Silvanus,  a  woodland  god,  E.  x.  24  ; 
G.  I.  20  ;    II.  494  ;    A.  vm.  600 
Silvia,  a  Latin  maid,  daughter  of 

TjTThus,  A.  VII.  487,  503 
Sil\-iu3  :    (1)  a  eon  of  Aeneas,  A. 
VI.   763  ;    (2)  Silvius  Aeneas,  a 
king  of  Alba,  A.  VI.  769 
Simois,  a  river  of  the  Troad,  now 
Slendere  Tchal,  A.  I.  100,  618  ; 
III.    302 ;     V.    261,    634,    803  ; 
VI.  88  ;  X.  60  ;  XI.  257  ;  Cu.  307 
Simylus,  a  rustic,  M.  3,  53,  121 
Sinon,    the    Greek    spy,    tiirough 
whose   craft   the   wooden   horse 
was  taken  into  Troy,  A.  n.  79, 
195,  259,  329 
Sirenes,  the  Sirens,  fabulous  crea- 
tures,  half   maiden,    half    bird, 
living  on  rocky  Islands  near  the 
Carapanian  coast,  and  with  their 
songs    enticing    sailors  to  their 
destruction,  A.  v.  864 
Slrlus,  tlie  Dog-star,  whose  rising 
is  associated  with  extreme  heat, 
O.  IV.  425  ;  A.  in.  141 ;  x.  273 
Siron,    SLro,    an    Epicurean    philo- 
sopher, teacher  of  Virgil,  Ca.  v. 
9 ;  vm.  1 
Slthonius,  adj.  of  the  Sithonll,  a 
Thracian  tribe,  E.  x.  66 

54-5 

N   N 


INDEX 


Sol,  the  San  (personifled),   O.  n. 

321 ;  IV.  51 ;  A.  I.  568  ;  IV.  607  ; 

vn.  11,  100,  218,  227  ;    XII.  164, 

176 
Somnla,  Dreama  (personification), 

A.  VI.  2S3 
Somnus,  Sleep,  the  god  of  sleep, 

son  of  Erebus  and  Nox,  A.  V. 

838  ;   VI.  893 
Sophocleus,  adj.  of  Sophocles,  the 

great   Attic   tragedy-writer,    E. 

vm.  10 
Sopor,   Sleep  (personification),   A. 

Ti.  278 
Soracte,  a  mountain  in  Etrurla,  not 

far  from  Rome,  now  S.  Oreste, 

A.  vn.  696  ;   XI.  785 
Sparta,    the    capital    of    Laconia ; 

also  called  Lacedaemon,  0.  III. 

405;   A.  II.  577;   x.  92;    with 

Spartanus,   adj.    Spartan,  A.  I. 

316,  and  Spartlcus,  adj.  Spartan, 

Cu.  400 
Spercheos,  a  rl%er  of  Thessaly,  now 

the  Ellada,  O.  II.  437 
Spio,   a   sea-nymph,   O.   IV.   338 ; 

A.  V.  826 
Steropes,  a  Cyclops,  A.  vm.  425 
Sthenelus  :   (1)  a  Greek,  charioteer 

of  Diomedes,  A.  II.  261  ;    (2)  a 

Trojan,  A.  xn.  341 
Sthenius,  a  Rutulian,  A.  X.  388 
Stimichon,  a  shepherd,  B.  V.  55 
Strophades,    two    islands    of    the 

Ionian  Sea,  south  of  Zacynthus, 

to     wliich     the     Harpies     were 

driven   by  the  sons  of   Boreas, 

now  Strofahia,  A.  ill.  209,  210 
Stryraon,    a   river    of    Macedouii. 

near  Thrace,  now  Struma,  O.  iv. 

508  ;    with  Strymonius,  adj.  of 

the  Strymon,  6.  I.  120 ;    A.  x. 

265  ;   XI.  580  ;   Cu.  328 
Strymonius,  a  Trojan,  A.  X.  414 
Stys,  a  river  of  the  lower  world, 

O.  I.  243  ;    rv.  430  ;    A.  VI.  154, 

439  ;  with  Stygius,  adj.  Stygian 

or  infernal,  O.  III.  551  ;  IV.  506  ; 

A.  III.  215;    rv.  638,  699;    v, 

855  ;     VI.    134,    252,    323,    369, 

374,    385,    391;    vn.    476,    773; 

vm.   296  ;     IX.   104  ;    x.   113  ; 

xn.    91,    816 ;    Cu.   240 ;    also 

Stvgiallus,    adj.     Stygian,    C». 

374 
Sucro,  a  ButuUaa,  A.  xn.  505 

546 


Sulmo,  a  Rutulian,  A.  IX.  412; 
X.  517 

Sunias,  aJj.  of  Sunium,  a  promon- 
tory of  Attica,  where  a  temple  of 
Aplirodite  stood  ;  now  known  as 
Capo  Colonna,  Ci.  472 

Surisca,  Syrisca,  an  inn-keeper,  Co. 
1 

Surrenttnus,  adj.  of  Surrentuui, 
now  Sorrento,  a  town  of  Cam- 
pania, Ca.  XIV.  12 

Sybarls,  a  Trojan,  A.  xn.  363 

Sychaeus,  husband  of  Dido,  A.  I. 
343,  348,  720  ;  IV.  20,  502,  632; 
VI.  474  ;  also  as  adj.,  A.  IV.  552, 

Symaethius,  adj.  of  the  Symasthus, 
a  river  at  the  east  end  of  Sicily, 
near  Catina.  A.  IX.  584 

Syracosius,  adj.  of  Syracuse,  chief 
city  of  Sicily  and  home  of 
Theocritus,  E.  vi.  1  ;    Ca.  xv.  1 

Syrius,  adj.  of  Syria  ;  used  freely 
of  all  the  country  at  the  east  end 
of  the  Mediterranean,  O.  Ii.  88 ; 
Ci.  612 

Syrtls,  the  name  of  two  shallow 
bays  on  the  north  coast  of  Libya, 
now  the  Gulf  of  Sidra  and  the 
Gulf  of  Cabes,  -1.  iv.  41  ;  v.  51, 
192  ;  TI.  60  ;  vu.  302  ;  D.  63  ; 
(ef.A.  I.  HI,  146:  X.  678) 


Taburnus,  a  mountain  of  Campania 
on  the  borders  of  Samniura,  now 
Monte  Taburno,  O.  n.  38  ;  A. 
xn.  716 

Taenarius,  adj.  of  Taenarus,  a 
promontory  at  the  south  ex- 
fa-eralty  of  Laconia,  with  a  cava 
fabled  to  be  an  entrance  to  the 
world  below,  O.  IV.  467 

Tagus  :  (1)  a  Latin,  A.  IX.  418 ; 
(2)  a  river  of  Lusitania  (Portugal 
and  Western  Spain),  Ca.  IX.  52 

Talos,  a  Rutulian,  A.  xn.  513 

Tanager,  a  river  of  Lucania,  now 
Taagro,  G.  m.  151 

Tanals :  (Da  river  of  Scytliia, 
now  the  Don,  O.  IV.  517  ;  (2)  a 
Rutulian,  A.  XII.  513 

Tantaleus,  adj.  of  Tantalus,  father 
of  Pelops,  grandfather  of  Atreus, 
and  great-giandfather  of  Aga- 
memnon and  ilenelaus,  Cu.  334 

XarchoQ  or  Tarcho,  an  Etruscan, 


INDEX 


A.  vni.  506,  603;  X.  153,  200, 
299,  302  ;  XI.  184,  727,  729,  746, 
757 
Tarentum,  a  city  of  Calabria  on 
tiie  Gulf  of  Tarentum,  now 
Taranto,  Q.  ii.  197  ;  A.  in.  551 

Tarpeia,  a  maiden,  companion  of 
Camilla,  A.  XI.  656 

Tarpeius,  ad].  Tarpeian,  a  name 
applied  to  the  roclf  of  t!ie  Capitol, 
A.  VIII.  347  ;  with  arx,  of  the 
Capitol  itself,  A.  viii.  652 

Tarquinius,  Tarquinius  Superbus. 
or  Tarquln,  the  last  king  of 
Rome,  A.  vm.  646 ;  in  pZwr., 
the  Tarqulns,  the  family  gener- 
ally, A.  VI.  817,  or  Tarquinius 
Superbus  and  his  father  Tar- 
quinius Priscus,  Ca.  IX.  36 

Tarquitius,  a  rhetorician,  Ca.  V.  3 

Tarquitus,  a  Latin  hero,  A.  X.  550 

Tartarus,  the  abode  of  the  wicked 
in  the  lower  world,  G.  I.  36 ; 
II.  292;  rv.  482;  A.  IV.  243, 
446  ;  V.  734  ;  VI.  135,  543,  577  ; 
vm.  663  ;  ix.  496  ;  xi.  397  ; 
XU.  14L  205  ;  Cu.  274,  294,  333  ; 
with  Tartareiis,  adj.  Tartarean, 
infernal,  A.  vi.  295,  395,  551 ; 
vn.  328,  514  ;  VIII.  607  ;  XU.  846 

Tatlus,  Titus  Tatius,  king  of  the 
Sabines,  with  whom  Romulus 
shared  his  kingdom,  A.  vm.  638 

Taygete,  one  of  the  Pleiades,  Q.  it. 
232 

T^getus,  a  mountain-range  of 
Laconia,  G.  II.  488  ;   ra.  44 

Tegeaeus,  adj.  of  Tegea,  a  town  of 
Arcadia  ;  hence.  Arcadian,  G.  I. 
18  ;   A.  V.  299  ;  vrii.  459 

Telamonlus,  adj.  of  Telamon,  son 
of  Aeacus,  brother  of  Peleus  and 
father  of  Ajax  and  Teucer,  Cu. 
297,  315 

Teleboae,  a  people  dwelling  in 
some  islands  between  Leucadia 
and  Acarnania,  whence  cams 
the  early  settlers  of  Capri,  A.  vn. 
735 

Tellus,  Earth  (personification),  A. 
rv.  166 ;  VII.  137 

Telon,  a  king  of  the  Teleboae,  A. 
vn.  734 

Tempe,  a  valley  in  Thessaly,  famous 
for  its  beauty,  now  Lykostomo, 
O.  U.  469  ;  IV.  317  ;  Cu.  94 


Tempestates,  goddesses  of  the 
weather  or  storm.  Tempests,  A. 
V.  772 

Tenedos,  an  Island  in  the  Aegean, 
near  the  Troad,  still  so  called, 

A.  n.  21,  203,  255 

Tereus :  (1)  a  king  of  Thrace, 
husband  of  Procne  the  sister  of 
Pliilomela,  and  father  of  Itys. 

B.  VI.  78 ;   (2)  a  Trojan,  A.  xi. 
675 

Terra,  Earth  (personification).  G. 
I.  278  ;  IV.  178  ;  VI.  580,  695  ; 
XII.  176,  778 

Tethys,  a  sea-goddess,  wife  of 
Oceanus,  and  mother  of  all 
waters,  G.  I.  31 ;   Ci.  302 

Tetrica,  a  mountain  in  the  Sablae 
territory,  A.  vii.  713 

Teucer  and  Teucrus :  (1)  first 
king  of  Troy,  father  of  Batea, 
who  married  Dardanus,  J..I.235  ; 
m.  108  ;  IV.  230  ;  vi.  600,  648  ; 
hence  Teucri,  suhsi.  the  Teu- 
crians  or  Trojans,  A.  I.  38,  89  ; 
U.  252,  etc.  (130  instances)  ;  also 
Teucrius,  adj.  Teucrlan  or 
Trojan,  Cu.  306,  with  Teucrla, 
suhsl.  the  Teucrian  or  Trojan 
land,  A.  II.  26  ;  (2)  a  son  of 
Telamon  and  Hesione,  half- 
brother  of  Ajax,  and  founder  of 
Salamis  in  Cyprus,  A.  I.  619 

Teutliras,  an  Arcadian,  A.  X.  402 

Teutonicus,  adj.  of  the  Teutones,. 
a  tribe  of  Germany,  A.  VII.  741 

Thaemon,  a  Lycian,  A.  X.  126 

Thalassio,  aa  ancient  salutation  ta 
a  bride  at  her  wedding,  possibly 
of  Etruscan  origin.  One  explana- 
tion, given  by  Livy  (I.  9),  is  that 
at  the  time  when  the  Sabine 
women  were  carried  off  by  the 
Romans,  one  woman  of  great 
beauty  was  taken  by  the  attend- 
ants of  a  certain  Thalassius,  and 
to  the  frequent  Inquiry  for 
whom  she  was  intended  the 
answer  given  was  Thalassio,  i.e. 
"  for  Thalassius,"  Ca.  xu.  9 ; 
xin.  16 

Thalia :  (1)  a  Muse,  usually 
assigned  to  Comedy,  £.  vi.  2 ; 
Cu.  1.  (2)  a  sea-nymph,  A.  V. 
826 

Thamyrus,  a  Trojan,  A.  XII.  341 

547 


INDEX 


Thapaus,  a  city  and  peninsula  on 
the  eastern  coast  of  Sicily,  now 
Magnisi,  A.  in.  689 

Thasius,  adj.  of  Tliasos,  an  island 
in  the  north  Aegean,  now  Thaso, 
O.  II.  91 

Thaumantias,  /«?n.  adj.  daughter  of 
Thaumas,  Iris,  ^.  IX.  5 

Theano,  a  Trojan  woman,  A.  X.  703 

Thebae,  Thebes,  capital  of  Bocotia, 
now  Thiva,  where  the  scene  of 
the  Bacchne  of  Euripides  is  laid, 
A.  IV.  469 ;  hence  Thebanus, 
adj.  Theban,  A.  IX.  697 

Themillas,  a  Rutulian,  A.  ix.  576 

Thcrmodon.  a  river  of  Pontus, 
along  which  dwelt  the  Amazons, 
now  Termeh  Tchai,  A.  XI.  659 

Theron,  a  Latin,  A.  X.  312 

Thersilochus.  the  name  of  two 
Trojans,  A.  VI.  483  ;   Xll.  363 

Theseus,  an  early  king  of  Athens, 
slayer  of  the  Minotnur.  Along 
witn  Pirithous  he  attempted  to 
carry  Proserpina  from  the  lower 
world,  and  in  punishment  was 
made  to  sit  on  a  rock  for  ever, 
A.  VI.  122.  393,  618  ;  Ci.  102  ; 
hence  Thesidae,  sons  of  Theseus, 
i.e.  Athenians,  O.  II.  383 

Thessandrus,  a  Greek,  A.  U.  261 

Thestylis,  a  rustic  woman,  E.  Ii. 
10,43 

Thetis,  a  sea-nymph,  one  of  the 
Nereids,  mother  of  Acliilles, 
G.  I.  399;  A.  V.  825  (c/.  viii. 
383) ;  also  of  the  sea  itself,  E. 
IV.  32 

Thoas :  (1)  a  Greek,  A.  n.  262 ; 
(2)  a  Trojan,  A.  X.  415 

Thraca,  Thrace,  A.  xii.  335 ;  also 
Thraces,  Thracians,  A.  ill.  14 ; 
Thracius  and  Threicius,  adj. 
Thracian,  B.  rv.  55  ;  A.  ni.  51 ; 
v.  312,  536,  565  ;  VI.  120,  645  ; 
VII.  208  ;  IX.  49  ;  xi.  659  ;  with 
Tliraex,  adj.  Thracian,  D.  37 ; 
and  Thieicii,  «/6sf.  Thracians, 
A.  X.  350 ;  also  Threissa,  fern, 
adj.  Thracian,  A.  i.  316;  XI. 
S5S 
Thronius,  a  Trojan,  A.  x.  753 
Thucydides,  famous  Greek  his- 
torian, Ca.  II.  3 
Thule,  a  supposed  Island  at  the 
north-east    of    Europe,    beyond 

548 


Britain,  discovered  by  Pytheas, 
G.  I.  30 
Thybris :   (1)  a  king  of  the  Etrus- 
cans, A.  VIII.  330 ;    (2)  same  as 
Tiberis,  A.  viii.  331,  etc. 

Thyias,  a  Thyiad,  a  female  wor- 
shipper of  Bacchus,  a  Bacchante, 
A.  IV.  302 

Thymber,  a  Rutulian,  A.  X.  391, 

394 
Thymbraeus  :  (1)  adj.  of  Thymbra, 
a  tovcn  of  the  Troad,  in  wliicli 
was  a  temple  of  Apollo,  O.  rv. 
323 ;  used  as  subst.  god  of 
Thymbra,  Apollo,  A.  III.  85; 
(2)  a  Trojan,  A.  XII.  458 

Thymbrig,  a  Trojan,  A.  X.  124 

Thymoetes,  name  of  two  Trojans, 
A.  II.  32;  X.  123 ;  XII.  364 

Thyrsis,  a  shepherd,  E.  VII.  2,  3, 
20  ;  VII.  16,  09 

Tiberis  or  Thybris,  the  river 
Tiber,  now  Tevere,  G.  i.  499 ; 
A.  II.  782  ;  III.  500  ;  v.  83,  797  ; 
VI.  87  ;  va.  151,  242,  303,  436, 
715;  vm.  64,  72,  86,  331,  540; 
X.  421  ;  XI.  393  ;  Ca.  xm.  23  ; 
hence,  Tiberinus,  adj.  of  the 
Tiber,  A.  I.  13 ;  x.  833 ;  XI. 
449 ;  XII.  35 ;  used  as  subst. 
the  river-god  Tiber,  G.  IV.  369  ; 
A.  VI.  873 ;  vn.  30,  797 ;  viii. 
31 ;  IX.  125 

Tibur,  an  ancient  town  of  Latium 
on  the  Anio,  twenty  miles  north- 
east of  Rome,  now  TivoU.  A.  VII. 
630 ;  hence  Tiburs,  adj.  of 
Tibur,  A.  VII.  670;  IX.  360; 
with  vlur.  Tiburtes,  as  subst. 
the  Tiburtines,  A.  xi.  757 

Tiburtus,  an  Argive,  one  of  the 
mythic  founders  of  Tibur,  A.  vii. 
671 ;  XI.  519 

Tigris :  (1)  the  famous  river  of 
Asia,  E.  I.  62  ;  (2)  name  of  a 
ship,  A.  X.  166 

Tima^■^ls,  a  small  river  in  Istria, 
between  Aquileia  and  Trieste,  E. 
vm.  6  ;  O.  in.  475  ;  A.  i.  244 

Timor,  Fear  or  Terror  (personifica- 
tion), A.  IX.  719 

Tiphys,  pilot  of  the  Argo.  E.  iv.  34 

Tirynthius,  adj.  of  Tiryns,  an 
ancient  city  of  Aigolis,  where 
Hercules  was  reared  ;  hence,  as 
sub^.  the  Tirj-nthian,  Hercules, 


INDEX 


A.  vn.  622 ;  VIII.  228 ;  fern, 
subst.  Juno,  Ci.  IPl 

Tisiphone,  one  of  the  three  Furies, 
0.  ni.  552  ;  A.  VI.  555,  571  ;  X. 
761  ;    Cu.  218 

Titan,  one  of  the  six  sons  of  Caelus 
and  Terra ;  also  a  name  of  the 
sun-god,  who  was  son  of  Hy- 
perion, A.  IV.  119 ;  hence 
Titanlus,  adj.  Titanian,  of  the 
Titans,  A.  VI.  580,  725 

Titlionus,  son  of  Laomedon,  hus- 
band of  Aurora,  and  father  of 
Memnon,  O.  I.  447 ;  III.  48  ; 
A.  IV.  585 ;  IX.  460 ;  with 
Tithonius,  adj.  of  Tithonus, 
A.  vui.  384 

Tityos,  a  giant,  son  of  Jupiter, 
slain  by  Apollo  for  offering 
violence  to  Latona,  A.  VI.  595 ; 
Cu.  237 

Tityrus,  a  shepherd's  name,  com- 
mon in  bucolic  poetry,  E.  i.  1,  4, 
13,  18,  33  ;  III.  20,  96 ;  V.  12  ; 
VI.  4 ;  vm.  55 ;  ix.  23,  24 ; 
G.  IV.  566 

Tmaros,  a  mountain  In  Epirus, 
E.  vm.  44 ;  hence,  Tmarius, 
adj.  of  Tmaros,  A.  v.  620 

Tmarus,  a  Rutulian,  A.  IX.  685 

Traolus,  a  mountain  in  Lydia, 
famous  for  its  vines,  now 
Kisilja  Jlousa  Dagh,  O.  I.  56; 
with  Tmolius,  adj.  of  Tmolus, 
Cm.  75 ;  as  subst.  (properly 
TfiiiAio?  ffli'os),  Tmolian  wine 
O.  II.  98 

Tolumnius,  a  Rutulian  augur,  A. 
XI.  429  ;   XII.  258,  460 

Torquatus,  a  surname  of  Titus 
Manlius,  who  wore  the  collar  of  a 
Gaul  whom  he  had  slain  in  single 
combat.  In  his  consulsliip  B.C. 
340,  he  put  his  son  to  death  for 
disobedience,  A.  vi.  825 

Trinacria,  Sicily  (so  called  from  its 
three  promontories),  A.  III.  440, 
582;  V.  393,  555;  Ca.  IX.  20; 
D.  9  ;  with  Trinacrius,  adj.  of 
Sicily,  Sicilian,  A.  I.  196  ;  in. 
384,  429,  554  ;  V.  300,  450,  530, 
573 

Trlptolemus,  son  of  Celeus,  and 
inventor  of  agriculture,  Cu.  136 
(c/.  O.  1.  19) 

Triton :     (1)    a    sea-god,    son    of 


Neptune,  who  blows  a  shell  at 
the  bidding  of  his  father,  A.  i. 
144;  VI.  173;  in  plur.  sea- 
gods,  A.  V.  824  ;  (2)  name  of  a 
ship,  with  the  figure-head  of  a 
Triton,  A.  X.  209 

Tritonis,  Pallas  or  Minerva,  so 
called  because  of  her  birth 
(according  to  Egyptian  fable) 
near  Lake  Triton  in  Africa,  A.  ii. 
226 ;  with  Tritonius,  adj.  Tri- 
tonian,  A.  II.  615;  v.  704; 
XI.  483  ;  with  /em.  subst.  Tri- 
tonia,  Tritonia  or  Minerva,  A. 
II.  17i: 

Trivia,  an  epithet  of  Diana  or 
Hecate,  whose  images  were 
placed  at  the  intersection  of 
roads  (properly,  slie  of  the  three 
ways),  A.  VI.  13,  35,  69  ;  vii. 
516,  774,  778  ;  X.  637  ;  XI.  566, 
836 

Troades,  Trojan  women,  A.  V.  613. 

Troia  :  (1)  the  citv  of  Troy,  E.  iv. 
36;  O.I.  502;  11.385;  i.  I.  24, 
etc.  (92  instances) ;  (2)  a  city 
founded  by  Heleaus  in  Epirus, 
A.  III.  349,  497  ;  (3)  part  of  the 
city  Acesta  in  Sicily,  A.  v.  756 ; 
(4)  a  game  of  Roman  bovs,  A.  v. 
602  ;  with  Troius,  adj.  Trojan, 
A.  I.  119,  etc.  (22  instances),  and 
Troianus,  A.  I.  19,  etc.  (46  in- 
stances) 

Troilus,  a  son  of  Priam,  A.  I.  474. 

Troiugena,  a  Trojan  (Trojan  in 
birth),  A.  in.  359 ;  vm.  117  ; 
XU.  626 

Tros :  (1)  son  of  Erichthonius. 
father  of  Assaracus,  and  king  oi 
Phrygia,  G.  in.  36 ;  (2)  adj. 
Trojan ;  or  subst.  a  Trojan, 
A.  I.  30,  129.  etc.  (35  instances) 

Tryphon,  a  muleteer,  Ca.  x.  6 

Tucca,  i.e.  Plotius  Tucca,  one  of 
Virgil's  friends  and  literary 
executors.  Ca.  i.  1 

Tulla,  an  attendant  of  Camilla,  A. 
XI.  650 

Tulhis,  i.e.  Tiillus  Hostilius,  the 
tliird  king  of  Rome,  A.  VI.  814 ; 
vm.  644 

Turnus,  the  son  of  Daunus  and  the 
nymph  Venilia,  king  of  the 
Rutulians,  who,  as  suitor  for  the 
hand   of   Lavinia,   resisted    the 

5^9 


INDEX 


settlement  of  Aeneas.  (The 
word  may  be  a  contraction  from 
Turrhenus.)  A.  VII.  56,  344,  etc. 
(152  instances) 

Tuscus,  adj.  of  Etruria,  Etruscaa 
or  Tuscan,  with  sxibd.  plur. 
Tusci,  Etruscans  or  Tuscans, 
O.  I.  499 ;  A.  VIII.  473  ;  X.  164, 
199,  203;  XI.  316,  629;  xii. 
551 

Tydeus,  son  of  Oeneus,  father  of 
DioniRdes,  and  one  of  the 
"Seven  against  Thebes,"  A- 
VI.  479  ;  hence  Tydides,  son  of 
Tydeus,  Dlomedes,  A.  I.  97, 
471 ;  II.  164,  197  ;  X.  29 ;  XI. 
404 ;  xn.  351 

Tyndaridae,  sons  of  Tyndareus  (or 
Tyndarus),  viz..  Castor  and 
Pollux,  by  Leda.  As  Pollux  was 
really  the  son  of  Jupiter,  he 
was  immortal,  but  after  Castor's 
death  he  shared  his  immortality 
on  alternate  days  with  hia 
brother,  Ci.  399.  The  sing. 
Tyndarls,  daughter  of  Tyndareus, 
Is  used  of  Helen,  really  the 
daughter  of  Jupiter,  who  had 
taken  the  form  of  a  white  swan, 
A.  II.  569,  601  ;    Ca.  IX.  27 

Typhoeus,  son  of  Earth  and 
Tartarus,  also  called  Typhon, 
who  had  a  hundred  heads  and 
breathed  fire.  He  was  slain  by 
lightning  and  buried  under 
Aetna  or  Ischia,  O.  1.  279  ; 
A.  Yin.  298 ;  IX.  716 ;  hence 
TyDhoeiis,  adj.  of  Typhon,  A.  I. 
665 

Typhon,  another  name  for 
Typhoeus,  Ci.  32 

Tyres,  an  Arcadian,  A.  X.  403 

TjTos,  Tyre,  the  chief  city  of 
Phoenicia,  famous  for  its  purple 
dye,  A.  l.  346 ;  IV.  30,  43. 
670 ;  hence  Tyrius,  adj.  oi 
Tyre,  or  of  Carthage  (colonised 
from  Tyre) ;  also  used  as  a 
mbst.  a  T\Tian  or  a  Cartha- 
ginian, O.  III.  17,  307  ;  A.  1.  12, 
20,  etc.  (28  instances) 

Tyrrhenus  :  (1)  an  Etruscan,  A. 
XI.  612 ;  (2)  adj.  Etruscan  or 
Tuscan ;  also  u.sed  as  a  svbH. 
O.  II.  164,  193  ;  A.  I,  67,  etc. 
(34  instances) 

550 


Tyrrhus  or  Tyrrheus,  a  Latin, 
herdsman  of  Latiuus,  A.  vn. 
485,  508,  532  ;  hence  Tyrrhidae, 
the  sons  of  Tyrrhus,  A.  VII. 
484  ;  IX.  28 


Ucalegon,  a  Trojan,  A.  ii.  312 

Ufens  :  (1)  a  small  river  of  Latin  m, 
now  Ufente,  A.  vn.  802 ;  (2)  a 
Rutulian,  A.  vn.  745  ;  vm.  6  ; 
X.  518  ;   XII.  460,  641 

Ulixes,  Ulysses,  the  hero  Odysseus 
of  the  Odyssey,  E.  vin.  70 ; 
A.  II.  7,  44,  90,  97,  164,  261, 
438,  752;  III.  273,  613,  628, 
G91  ;   IX.  602  ;   XI.  263  ;   Ci.  58 

Umber,  adj.  Umbrian,  of  the 
Umbri,  a  tribe  of  Northern 
Italy  ;  used  as  subst.  («c.  canis), 
an  Umbrian  hound,  A.  xii.  753 

Umbro,  a  Marsian,  ally  of  Turnus, 
A.  VII.  752  ;   X.  544 


Valerus,  an  Etruscan,  A.  X.  752 

Varius,  an  epic  poet,  friend  of 
Virgil,  for  whom  he  was  a 
literary  executor,  E.  ix.  35 ; 
Ca.  VII.  1 

Varro,  a  rlietorlclan,  probably  not 
the  famous  and  versatile  M. 
Terentius  Varro,  Ca.  V.  3 

Varus,  L.  Alfenus  Varus,  who 
succeeded  Poliio  in  Cisalpine 
Gaul  and  had  charge  of  the 
confiscation  of  lands  in  Virgil's 
district,  E.  VI.  7,  10,  12;  ix. 
26,27 

Vellnus  :  (1)  adj.  of  Velia,  a  town 
on  the  coast  of  Lucauia,  now 
Castellamare  della  Bruca,  A.  VI. 
366 ;  (2)  a  lal:e  in  the  Sabine 
territory,  A.  vn.  517,  712 

Veriliia,  a  nymph,  mother  of 
Turnus,  A.  X.  76 

Venulus,  a  Latin,  messenger  of 
Turnus,  A.  VIII.  9  ;   XI.  242,  742 

Venus,  goddess  of  love  and  beauty, 
daughter  of  Jupiter  and  Clone ; 
Identified  with  the  Greek  Aphro- 
dite, E.  III.  68 ;  vn.  62 ;  vin. 
78  ;  O.  in.  267  ;  A.  I.  229,  etc. 
(63  Instances) ;  often  used  as  a 
Bvnoavm  for  amor,  O.  II.  329  ; 
lil.   64,  97,   137,   210;    IV.   199, 


INDEX 


515 ;    A.  IT.  S3 ;    VI.  26 ;    xi, 

736  ;  M.  86 
Vergilius,  the  poet  Virgil,  O.  rv.  562. 
Vesae%Tis,    Vesuvius,    the    famous 

volcano  In  Campania,  O.  II.  224 
Vesper,  evening,  th»  evening  star 

(Ile.sperus) ;    also  the  West,  E. 

VI.  86;   Q.  I.  251  ;   rv.  186,  434, 

474;     A.    I.    374;     vni.    280; 

Cu.   203 ;    (c/.  also   O.  I.   461 ; 

III.  336  ;   A.  V.  19) 
Vesta,  goddess  of  the  hearth  and 

household,  emblem  of  family  life. 

In  her  temple,  on  the  hearth  of 

the  Roman  state  considered  as  a 

family,  her  Qrs  was  kept  always 

burning,    O.    I.    498 ;     IV.    384 ; 

A.  I.  292  ;   n.  296,  567  ;   V.  744  ; 

IX.  259  ;   Co.  28  ;   M.  52 
Vesulua,   a   mountain   in    Llgurla, 

now  Monte  Viso,  A.  X.  708 
Victoria,  Victory  (personiQcation), 

A.  XI.  436  ;  xn.  187 
Virblus :     (1)    a    name    given    to 

nippolytus    on    his    return    to 

life.  A.  vn.  777;    (2)  a  son  of 

Hippolytus,  A.  vii.  762 
Virtus,  Valoui  (personification),  Cu. 

299 
Volcanus,  Vulcan,  god  of  flre,  son 

of  Juplt«r  and  Juno,  also  used 

for  fire  Itself,  G.  I.  295  ;  IV.  346  ; 

A.  II.  311 ;  V.  662  ;  VU.  77,  679  ; 

Vin.  198,  372,  422,  729  ;    IX.  76, 

148  ;   X.  543  ;   XI.  439  ;   M.  52  ; 

D.    52 ;     L.    70;     hence,    Vol- 

canius,   of    Vulcan,    of   fire.   A. 


vm.   422,   535 ;    X.   408 ;    xn. 

739  ;   Cu.  320 

Volcens,  a  Latin,  A.  IX.  370,  375, 
420,  439,  451  ;   X.  563 

VolscuSj  adj.  Volscian,  of  the 
Volsci,  a  people  who  once  occu- 
pied a  considerable  part  of 
Latlum,  A.  vii.  8u;? ;  plur.  snbst. 
Volsci,  the  Volscians,  O.  II.  168  ; 
A.  IX.  505;  XI.  167,  432,  463, 
498,  546,  800,  898 

Volturnus.  a  river  of  Campania, 
now  Volti'.rno,  A.  VII.  729 

Volusus,  a  Rutulian,  A.  xi.  433 

Xantho,  a  Nereid,  O.  IT.  336 
Xanthus  :  (1)  a  river  of  the  Troad, 
A.  1.  473  ;  III.  497  ;  V.  034,  803, 
808;  VI.  88;  X.  60;  Cu.  14, 
307 ;  (2)  a  stream  In  Eplrus, 
named  from  (1),  A.  in.  350 ; 
(3)  a  river  In  Lycla,  haunt  of 
Apollo,  A.  IV.  143 

Zacynthos,  an  island  In  the  Ionian 

Sea,  now  Zante,  A.  III.  270 
Zanclaeus,      adj.      Zanclaean,     of 

Zancle  (older  name  of  Messana, 

or  Messina,  in  Sicily),  Cu.  332 
Zephyrus,  god  of  the  west  v/ind,  son 

of   Astraeus   and   Aurora ;    also 

the  west  wind  itself,  E.  v.  5 ; 

O    1.    44,    371  ;     II.     106,    330 ; 

in.  134,  273,  322  ;    rv.  138,  305  ; 

A.  I.  131 ;    n.  417  ;    iii.  120  ; 

rv.  223,  562  ;    V.  33  ;    X.   103  ; 

XII.  334  ;    a.  25 


551 


Printed   in   Great    Britain    bv 
Richard  Clay  &  Sons,  Limited, 
bungay,  suffolk. 


THE  LOEB   CLASSICAL 
LIBRARY 

VOLUMES   ALREADY   PUBLISHED 


Latin  Authors 

APULEIUS.  THE  GOLDEN  ASS  (METAMORPHOSES). 
W.  Adlington  (1566).     Revised  by  S.  Gaselee.     (4//^  /m/>.) 

AULUS  GELLIUS.     J.  C.  Rolfe.     3  Vols. 

AUSONIUS.     H.  G.  Evelyn  White.     2  Vols. 

EOETHIUS:      TRACTS     and      DE     CONSOLATIONE 
PHILOSOPIIIAE.     Rev.  H.  F.  Stewart  and  E.  K.  Rand. 

CAESAR:   CIVIL   WARS.     A.  G.  Peskett.     {^rd /m/>.) 

CAESAR:   GALLIC    WAR.     II.  J.  Edwards.     (5//« /w/.) 

CATULLUS.    F.  W.  Cornish  ;  TIBULLUS.    J.  B.  Postgate  ; 
AND   PERVIGILIUM   VENERIS.     J.  W.  Mackail.     (8iA 

hnp.) 

CICERO:  DE   FINIBU3.     H.  Rackham.     {2nd Imp.) 

CICERO  :  DE   OFPTCIIS.     Walter  Miller,     {yd  Imp.) 

CICERO:     DE     SENECTUTE,      DE     AMICITIA,     DE 
DIVINATIONE.     VV.  A.  Falconer.     {2nd Imp.) 

CICERO  :  DE  REPUBLICA  and  DE  LEGIBUS.     Clinton 
W.  Keyes. 

CICERO:    LETTERS     TO    ATTICUS.     E.   O.   Winstedt. 
3  Vols.    (Vol.  I.  ^thlmp..  Vol.  II.  3;-<f /w/.and-III.  2nd  Imp.) 

CICERO:    LETTERS    TO    HIS    FRIENDS.      W.  Glynn 
V.'iliiams.     3  Vols. 

CICERO:   PHILIPPICS.     W.  C.  A.  Ker. 
I 


CICERO:  PRO  ARCHIA,  POST  REDITUM,  DE  DOMO, 
ETC.     N.  H.  Watts. 

CICERO :  TU5CULAN  DISPUTATIONS.     J.  E.  King. 

CICERO  :  PRO  CAECINA,  PRO  LEGE  MANILIA,  PRO 
CLUENTIO,    PRO   RABIRIO.     H.  Grose  Hodge. 

CICERO  :  VERRINE  ORATIONS.     L.  H.  G.  Greenwood. 
2  \'ols.     Vol.  I. 

CLAUDIAN.     M.  Platnauer.     2  Vols. 

CONFESSIONS  OF  ST.  AUGUSTINE.     W.  Watts  (1631). 
2  Vols.     (Vol.  I.  5//;  Imp.,  Vol.  II.  yd  Imp.) 

FLORUS:    E.     S.    Forster,    and    CORNELIUS    NEPOS : 
J.   C.   Rolfe. 

FRONTINUS  :  STRATAGEMS  a\d  AQUEDUCTS.   C.  E. 
Bennett. 

FRONTO  :  CORRESPONDENCE.     C.  R.  Haines.     2  Vols. 

HORACE :    ODES   and    EPODES.     C.  E.   Bennett.     {%!h 
Imp.  revised.) 

HORACE:    SATIRES,     EPISTLES,    ARS     POETICA. 
H.  R.  Fairciougii.     {2nd I/up.  revised.) 

JUVENAL  AND  PERSIUS.     G.  G.  Ramsay.     Uih  Imp.) 

LIVY.     B.  O.  Foster.     13  Vols.     Vols.  I.-V,     (Vol.  I.  2«i/ 
Imp.  revised.) 

LUCAN.     J.  D.  Duff. 

LUCRETIUS.     V/.  H.  D.  Rouse.     (2nd  E an.) 

MARTIAL.     W.  C.  A.  Ker.     2  Vols.      (Vol.  I.   3;,/  //;//., 
Vol.  II.  2nd  Imp.  revised.) 

OVID:    THE  ART   OF   LOVE   and   OTHER   POEMS. 
J.   H.   Mozley. 

OVID  :    HEROIDES  and  AMORES.     Grant  Showerman. 
{2nd  Imp. ) 

OVID:  METAMORPHOSES.    F.J.Miller.     2  Vols.    (Vol. 
I.  S^^  Imp.,  Vol.  II.  i^th  Imp.) 

OVID :  TRISTIA  and  EX   PONTO.     A.  L.  Wheeler. 

PETRONIUS.      M.     Heseltine;     SENECA:     APOCOLO- 
CVNTOSIS,     W.  K.  D.  Rouse,     {yh  Imp.  revised.) 


PLAUTUS.      Paul  Nixon.      5  Vols.     Vols.  I. -III.      (Vol.1, 
T^rd  Imp.,  Vol.  III.   2nd  Imp.) 

PLINY :    LETTERS.      Melmoth's    Translation    revised    by 
W.  M.  L.  Hutchinson.     2  Vols,     {yd  Itnp.) 

PROPERTIUS.     H.  E.  Butler,     {/^tk  Imp.) 

QUINTILIAN,     H.  E.  Butler.     4  Vols. 

SALLUST.     J.  C.  Rolfe. 

SCKIPTORES     HISTORIAE     AUGUSTAE.      D.    Magie. 
3  Vols.      Vols.  I.  and  II.     (Vol.  I.  2nd  Imp.  revised.) 

SENECA:    EPISTULAE    MORALES.     R.   M.   Gummere. 
3  Vols.     (Vols.  I.  and  II.  2nd I/iip.,  Vol.11  revised.) 

SENECA:    MORAL     ESSAYS.     J.    W.    Basore.     3  Vols. 
Vol.  I. 

SENECA:  TRAGEDIES.    F.J.Miller.     2  Vols.     (2nd  Imp. 
revised.) 

STATIUS.     J.  H.  Mozley.     2  Vols. 

SUETONIUS.    J.  C.  Rolfe.      2  Vols,      [^k   Imp.  revised.) 

TACITUS:    DIALOGUS.     Sir  \\m.    Peterson  and  AGRI- 
COLA  and  GERMANIA.     Maurice  Hutton.     [yd  Imp.) 

TACITUS  :  HISTORIES.     C.  H.  Moore.     2  Vols.     Vol.  I, 

TERENCE.     John  Sargeaunt.     2  Vols,     (^(h  Imp.) 

VELLEIUS   PATERCULUS  and  RES   GESTAE.     F.  W, 

Shipley. 

VIRGIL.     H.   R.   Fairclough.     2  Vols.     (Vol.   I.  loth  Imp., 
Vol.  II.  ^>h  Imp.) 


Greek  Authors 

ACHILLES   TATIUS.     S.  Gaselee. 

AENEAS  TACTICUS:  ASCLEPIODOTUS  and  ONA- 
SANDER.     The  Illinois  Greek  Club. 

AESCHINES.     C.  D.  Adams. 

AESCHYLUS.  H.  Weir  Smyth.  2  Vols.  (Vol.  L  ^rJ  Ivip., 
Vol.  II.  znd  Imp.) 

APOLLODORUS.     Sir  James  G.  Fiazer.     2  Vols. 

APOLLONIUS   RHODIUS.     R.  C.  Seaton      (4/>5 /w/.) 

THE  APOSTOLIC  FATHERS.  Kirsopp  Lake.  2  Vols. 
(Vol.  I.  ^th  Imp.,  Vol.  II.  -^rd Imp.) 

APPIAN'S  ROMAN  HISTORY.  Horace  White.  4  Vols. 
(Vols.  I.  and  IV.  ztid Imp.) 

ARISTOPHANES.  Benjamin  Eickley  Rogers.  3  Vols. 
{2nd Imp.)     Verse  trans. 

ARISTOTLE:  THE  "ART"  OF  RHETORIC.  J.  H. 
Freese. 

ARISTOTLE:  THE  NICOMACHEAN  ETHICS.  H. 
Rackham. 

ARISTOTLE  :  PHYSICS  ;  Rev.  P.  Wicksteed  and  F.  M. 
Cornford.     2  Vols.     Vol.  I. 

ARISTOTLE  :  POETICS  and  LONGINUS.  W.  Hamilton 
Fyfe  ;  DEMETRIUS   ON   STYLE.     W.  Rhys  Roberts. 

ARRIAN,  HISTORY  OF  ALEXANDER  and  INDICA  ; 
Rev.  E.  Ilifte  Robson.     2  Vols.      Vol.  I. 

ATHENAEUS  :  DEIPNOSOPHISTAE.  C.  B.  Gulick.  7 
Vols.     Vols.  I-IV. 

CALLIMACHUS  and  LYCOPHRON.  A.  \\\  Mair : 
ARATUS.     G.  R.  Mair. 

CLEMENT  OF  ALEXANDRIA.     Rev.  G.  W.  Butterworth. 

DAPHNIS  and  CHLOE.  Thornley's  translation  revised  by 
J.  M.  Edmonds;  and  PARTHENIUS.  S.  Gaselee.  (2W 
Imp. ) 

DEMOSTHENES,  DE  CORONA  and  DE  FALSA 
LEGATIONE.     C.  A.  Vince  and  J.  H.  Vince. 

DIO   CASSIUS:  ROMAN    HISTORY.     E.  Gary.     9  Vols. 
DIOGENES   LAERTIUS.     R.  D.  Hicks.     2  Vols. 
EPICTETUS.      \V.  A.  Oldfather.     2  Vols. 

4 


EURIPIDES.      A.  S.  Way.      4  Vols.      (Vol.   I.   Js^th  Imp., 

Vol.   W.Sth  Imp.,  Vol.   IV.  i,th  Imp.,  Vol.   III.  yd  Imp.) 

Verse  trans. 
EUSEBIUS:     ECCLESIASTICAL     HISTORY.      Kirsopp 

Lake.     2  Vols.     Vol.  I 
GALEN:    ON    THE    NATURAL    FACULTIES.     A.    J. 

Brock.     (27td  Imp. ) 
THE     GREEK    ANTHOLOGY.      W.  R,    Paton.     5  Vols. 

(Vol.  I.  T,rd  Imp.,  Vol.  II.  ziid  Imp.) 
THE     GREEK     BUCOLIC      POETS      (THEOCRITUS, 

BION,   MOSCHUS).     J.M.Edmonds.     {^Ih  Imp.  revised.) 
HERODOTUS.      A.  D.    Godley.      4  Vols.       (Vols.    I.-III. 

iiid  Imp. ) 
HESIOD  AND  THE    HOMERIC    HYMNS.     H.  G.  Evelyn 

White.     (4M  Imp.) 
HIPPOCRATES.      W.   II.   S.  Jones  and  E.  T.  Withington. 

4  Vols.     Vols.  I.-IH. 
HOMER :  ILIAD.      A.  T.    Murray.     2  Vols.     (Vol.   I.   2,'d 

Imp.,  Vol.  II.  2nd  Imp.) 
HOMER:    ODYSSEY.      A.  T.    Murray.     2  Vo:3.      (Vol.   L 

4/A  Imp.,  Vol.  II.  3r(/  Imp.) 
ISAEUS.     E.  W.  Forster. 

ISOCRATES.  George  Norlin.  3  Vols.  Vols.  I.  and  II, 
JOSEPHUS  :  H.  St.  J.  Thackeray.  8  Vols.  Vols.  I.-III. 
JULIAN.     Wilmer  Cave  Wright.     3  Vols. 

LUCIAN.     A.  M.  Harmon.     8  Vols.    Vols.  I. -IV.    (Vols.  L 
and  II.  T,rd  Imp.) 

LYRA  GRAECA.     J.  M.  Edmonds.     3  Vols.     (Vol.  I.  2nd 
Ed.  revised  and  enlarged. ) 

MARCUS   AURELIUS.     C.  R.  Haines,     {z^a  Imp.  revised.) 
MENANDER.     F.  G.  Allinson.     [2nd  Imp.  revised.) 
OPPIAN,  COLLUTHUS,  TRYPHIODORUS.   A.  W.  Mair. 
PAUSANIAS:  DESCRIPTION  OF  GREECE.     W.  H.  S. 
Jones.     5  Vols,  and  Companion  Vol.     Vols.  I.  and  II. 

PHILO.     F.  H.  Colson  and  Rev.  G.  H.  Whitaker.      10  Vols. 

\'ols.  I.  and  II. 
PHILOSTRATUS  :  THE   LIFE  OF  APOLLONIUS  OF 

TYANA.     F.  C.  Conybeare.     2  Vols.     (Vol.   I.  yd  Imp., 

Vol.  II.  2nd  Imp.) 
PHILOSTRATUS    and    EUNAPIUS:    LIVES   OF  THE 

SOPPIISTS.     Wilmer  Cave  Wright. 

5 


PINDAR.     Sir  J.  E.  Sandys.     (5M  Imp.) 

PLATO:   CHARMIDES,   ALCIBIADES,  HIPPARCHUS, 

THE  LOVERS,  TIIEAGES,  MINOS  and  EPINOMIS. 

W.  R.  M.  Lamb. 
PLATO:  CRATYLUS,  PARMENIDES,  GREATER  HIP- 

PIAS    LESSER   IIIPPIAS.     H.  N.  Fowler. 
PLATO  :  EUTHYPHRO,  APOLOGY,  CRITO,  PHAEDO, 

PHAEDRUS.     H.  N.  Fowler.     (6M  Imp.) 
PLATO:    LACHES,    PROTAGORAS,    MENO,    EUTllY- 

DEMUS.     W.  K.  M.  Lamb. 
PLATO  :  LAWS.     Rev.  R.  G.  Bury.     2  Vols. 
PLATO:   LYSIS,    SYMPOSIUM,   GORGIAS.     W.   R.  M. 

Lamb. 
PLATO:    STATESMAN,    PHILEBUS.      H.    N,    Fowler; 

ION.     ^V.  R.  M.  Lamb. 
PLATO :  THEAETETUS  and  SOPHIST.     H.  N.  Fowler. 

{2nd  Imp.) 
PLATO,  TIMAEUS,  CRITIAS,   CLITOPHO,   MENEXE- 

NUS,  EPISTULAE.     Rev.  R.  G.  Bary. 
PLUTARCH:  MORALIA.    F.  C.  Babbitt.     14  Vols.     Vols. 

I.  and  II. 

PLUTARCH:  THE  PARALLEL  LIVES.     B    Perrin.     11 

Vols.     (Vols.  I.,  II.  and  VII.  2nd  Imp.) 
POLYBIUS.     W.  R.  Baton.     6  Vols. 
PROCOPIUS:     HISTORY     OF     THE     WARS.      H.     B. 

Dewing.     7  Vols.     I.-V. 
QUINTUS   SMYRNAEUS.     A.  S.  Way.     Verse  trans. 
SOPHOCLES.     F.  Storr.     2  Vols.     (Vol.  I.   5M  Imp.,  Vol. 

II.  i^h  Imp.)     Verse  trans. 

ST.  BASIL :  LETTERS.    R.  J.  Deferrari.    4  Vols.    Vols.  I. 

and  II. 
ST.  JOHN  DAMASCENE:  BARLAAM  AND  lOASAPII. 

Rev.  G.  R.  Woodward  and  Harold  Mattingly. 
STRABO :    GEOGRAPHY.      Horace    L.   Jones.      8    Vols. 

Vols.  I.-VL 
THEOPHRASTUS:    CILARACTERS.     J.    M.     Edmonds; 

HERODES,  etc.     A.  D.  Knox. 
THEOPHRASTUS:    ENQUIRY     INTO     PLANTS.      Sir 

Arthur  Hort,  Bart.     2  Vols. 
THUCYDIDES.     C.  F.  Smith.     4  Vols.      (Vols.  I.  and  II. 

2nd  Imp.  revised.) 
XENOPHON:    CYROPAEDIA.      Walter    Miller,     2  Vols. 

(Vol.  L  2nd  Imp.) 

6 


XENOPHON:  HELLENICA,  ANABASIS.  APOLOGY, 
AND  SYMPOSIUM.  C.  L.  Brownson  and  O.  J.  Todd. 
3  Vols      (Vol.   I.   2.nd  Iriip.) 

XENOPHON:  MEMORABILIA  and  OECONOMICUS. 
E.  C.  Marchant. 

XENOPHON:  SCRIPTA   MINORA.     E.  C.  Marchant 


IN  PREPARATION 

Greek  Authors 

ARISTOTLE,  METAPHYSICS.     H.  Tredennick. 

ARISTOTLE,  ON  THE  MOTION  AND  PROGRESSION 
OF  ANIMALS.     E.  S.  Forster. 

ARISTOTLE,  ORGANON.      W.  M.  L.  Hutchinson. 

ARISTOTLE,    POLITICS    and    ATHENIAN     CONSTI- 
TUTION.    H.  Rackham. 

DEMOSTPIENES,    OLYNTHIACS,    PHILIPPICS,    LEP- 
TINES  AND  MINOR   SPEECHES.     J.  H.  Vince. 

DEMOSTHENES,    MEIDIAS,    ANDROTION,    ARISTO- 
C RATES,  TIMOCRATES.    J.  H.  Vince. 

DEMOSTHENES,  PRIVATE  ORATIONS.    G.  M.  Calhoun. 

DIO  CHRYSOSTOM.     J.  W.  Cohoon. 

GREEK    IAMBIC    AND    ELEGIAC    POETS     and   the 
ANACREONTEA.    J.  M.  Edmonds. 

LYSIAS.    W.  R.  M.  Lamb. 

PAPYRI.     A.  S.  Hunt. 

PHILOSTRATUS,  IMAGINES.     Arthur  Fairbanks. 

PLATO,  REPUBLIC.     Paul  Shorey. 

SEXTUS  EMPIRICUS.     Rev.  R.  G.  Bury. 


Latin  Authors 

AMMIANUS  MARCELLINUS.     J.  C.  Rolfe. 
BEDE,  ECCLESIASTICAL  HISTORY.    J.  E.  King. 

CICERO,     IN     CATILINAIM,      PRO      FLACCO,      PRO 

MURENA,    PRO    SULLA.     B.  L.   UUman. 
CICERO,  DE   NATURA   DEORUM.     II.  Rackham. 

CICERO,  UE  ORATORE,'  ORATOR,  BRUTUS.     Charies 

Sluttaford. 
CICERO,  IN  PISONEM,  PRO  SCAURO,  PRO  FONTEIO, 

PRO  MILONE,  etc.     N.  H.  Watts. 

CICERO,    PRO  QUINCTIO,   PRO   ROSCIO  AMERINO, 

PRO  ROSCIO  COMOEDO,  CONTRA  RULLUiM.    J.  H. 

Freese. 
CICERO,  PRO  SEXTIO,  IN  VATINIUM,  PRO  CAELIO, 

PRO   PROVINCIIS    CONSULARIBUS,    PRO   BALRO. 

J.  H.  Freese. 

ENNIUS,   LUCILIUS    and  other  specimens  of   Old   Latin. 
E.  II.  Wannington. 

MINUCIUS  FELIX.     W.  C.  A.  Ker. 

OVID,  FASTI.     Sir  J.  G.  Frazer. 

PLINY,  NATURAL  HISTORY.     W.  H.  S.  Jones. 

ST.  AUGUSTINE,  SELECT  LETTERS.     J.  H.  Baxter. 

ST.  JEROME'S    LETTERS.     F.  A.  Wright. 

SIDONIUS,  LETTERS.    E.  V.  Arnold  and  W.  B.  Anderson. 

TACITUS,  ANNALS.     John  Jackson, 

TERTULLIAN  :  APOLOGY.     T.  R.  Glover. 

VALERIUS   FLACCUS.     A.  F.  Scholfield. 

VITRUVIUS,  DE  ARCHITECTURA.     F.  Granger. 

DESCRIPTIVE  PROSPECTUS  ON  APPLICATION 


London  -  -  WILLIAM  HEINEMANN 

New  York      -  °  «.    G.  PUTNAM'S  SONS 


University  of  California 

SOUTHERN  REGIONAL  LIBRARY  FACILITY 

305  De  Neve  Drive  -  Parking  Lot  17  •  Box  951388 

LOS  ANGELES,  CALIFORNIA  90095-1388 

Return  this  material  to  the  library  from  which  it  was  borrowed. 


REC'D  AUG  3 1 


;!004 


riTNTPAr    FTNIl        lllllllimillllllllllHIIIIIIIIIIIimiHI 

CENTRAL  UNr          ^^    000  884  673    5 
University  of  C o^ 

DATE  DUE 


^     HOURS 


Ih  l\ 


R  2  9  197S 


(viA^  10  1979 


r.r\Y  0  tl  1979 


!/iAY  i;^  i582 


MAY  04  1982 

JUN  0  2  1982 

JUN30198Z 

J'J.:  0  3  i98: 


j^  !„  U     <-    -       •      • 


C/39 


UCSD  Libr.